Document 9JxbrKnKwM8nGk7kmM1xbjxxq

NDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Jutetatule Gbstlacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - - - decisions and trends tfudustlial Health hews VCLift! ES 1-2 1027-- 1933 I ii.*^ n, INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH im.PA. SC-API-0900 mc#s to Recent Literature - 4 [WEUMOCONIOSES OF THE YfORKER. K. Wider. Ztschr. f. Gewerbehyg. u. Jnfall, .44, 151-5 (1957). ' ' tUlloosia beoame eomponsablo in Austria on April 1, 1935. Since then, 206 oases ihsrs beon roportod In tho Workmon'a Compensation Office; of these, 171 are miners In thn [petal Industry, most eases are among sandstone grinders apd sandblasters. ' ' ' .............. ! RJUtONARY ASBESTOSIS. IV. THE ASBESTOS BODY AVID SIlilLAR OBJECTS IN THE LUNG. tenneth M. Lynch, H.D., Dopt. cC Pathology, Uedicol College of the State of South Carolina, Charleston^ S. Carolina. J.A.U.A. 109, 674-8 (Deo. 11, 1S37). Re prints probably obtainable from author. lbe typicaj asbestos body (olso called asbestosls body) is an object 10 to over 100 microns/u^d 1 to 12 microns thick nrd is composed of a central translucent , fiber or needle crystol of asbestos with an enveloping shiny golden t>r brownish * galantlnous substance constructing various architectural figures. Sometimes it is beaded or clubbed and sometimes spherical. A Prussion blue reaction for iror. " is given. These bodies may be found at various places in tho lung, especially ir the bronchioles, the alveoli and in the tissues along the lymphatic route; usual ly shorter at a distance from the alveoli, but often surprisingly long, consider ing the distance they have traveled. They sometimes . oeuse fibrosis around then, but not necessarily. They are also found in the sputum of those exposed to as bestos dust, but their presence or absence in the sputum docs not indicate the presence or absence of asbestosls; their presence only shows that exposure to thi oust has occurred. Similar bodies have been found in persons exposed to ooal dust, and in others who have died of heart failure, rheumatism and a rteriosclerosis, without known heavy dust exposure. Exposure to asbestos dust does not al ways produce asbestos bodies; bare fibers hevo been found in the lungs of animal the author has aocn silica p;rticles similarly enveloped, in cases of silicosis, not always so highly colored. It is suggested that other fibrous or arystallino dusts not yet studied may fora similar bodies. |1S BLOOD EXAMINATIONS IN PULMONARY FIBROSIS OF HEMATITE IRON ORE MINERS. J. Crow. Tubercle, ^S, 8-18 (Octobor 1937). In radiographic examinations of hematite miners in West Cumberland (England), th heoatito oevumulatlons 6hovr a definite and dense shadow, apart front any accompan l lag fibrosis, and there is a tendency to diagnose silicosis whon a miner complai t of unfitness and his pulmonary symptoms and the x-ray of the test show generaliz nodulotion- The silica content of inhaled dust, however, is low, ar.d in spite o 20 to 30 years' work and general nodulotion in all lung fields, the miners are perfectly fit for work and arc not short of breath. For these reasons heir.atolc leal work was instituted as an ossentir.l in diagnosis. Routine procedure includ \ ed the following determinations: (l) sedimentation rate of the red cells; (2) ; total white cell count; (3) differential white cell count, and (4) the polymorphonuelear^ count of von Bonsdorff. The findings in 6 casos are given, with cc histories. _ Of tho 50 hematite minors studied, 20 normal miners had no complaint of breathlessness and no x-ray or physiccl signs of pulmonary fibrosis, while 3( somplalnod of pulmonary disability in varying dogruus, with positive x-ray find ings. Many minors develop a pure pulmonary sidcrosis without accompanying fibrt lis, ond thoir blood pioturo is normal. Sjdcro-silicosis of uncomplicated typo thows a definite increase in percentage of lymphocytes, and tho ratio of polynorphonucleor cells to lymphocytes becomes 1 or loss. Tho sedlmont^tion rate a: nuclear count are normal. When infection is present, the sedimentation rate in creases, tho nuelo-'ur count increases and there is a lcucocytosis which may ap proach a septic count. Although the results are preliminary, the method is rec osndod for elding tho differential diagnosis of sidcrosis without fibrosiB and sidero-sil icosi 6, and for detecting tuberculosis or other infeotive agents at a oarly stage. I f It began to decrease. Sili catos introduced similarly produced only a modern increase in phospholipid content of the lung and no fibrosis. Some of tho ; ' pholipid recovered from these animals was filtered to remove silica and the) Jected into other rabbits. In 4 weeks nodules very much liko the silicotic nodules in the early stages were formed. They also simulated the lesions el . demonstrated by Sabin, who similarly in^ect.pd phospholipid from tho t.u)u>rji. F" bacillus. In the outlier's experiments tho possibility remains that somo si] in soluble form remained in the phospholipids injected. However, the theory most attractive, and if fully substantiated answers one of tho perplexing qi tions of tho histogenesis or.d tuberculosis. (Reprints are probably obtains! from the author, at Banting Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Onta: ,"25i ETIOLOGY -OK SILICOSIS.. V. Reichraann. Ucd. Klin., 33, 226-229 ';i937). The author disagrees with other Cerman investigators who claim :o have obse: silicotic changes resulting from inhalation of graphite end rus", on the gre that no roentgenological, pathological or histological proof ha:; been prescr Of the 20,000 cases of silicotic lung changes he has scon, he found none the were not caused by several years' exposure to quartz dust. A check of a nun of cases of silicosis, allegedly due to other causes, disclosod that thcro t been sufficient exposure to silica dust to produce tho result. Arguments ag tho Jonos soricitc theory arc also presented. 252 SILICOSIS IN SPAIN. A. OXUr. Arch. I. Gcvvcrbepathol., 7 , 383-387 (1936). Tho author gives statistics on silicosis in the SpuRish Roaalquiler gold min in which the gold is found in layers of quartz, but no sericite is present, mines arc dry drilled end have been in operation for 6 years. Ten workers d from silicosis in 1935, end 32 cases of silicosis -were found in the 110 empl ees. In a ceramic factory 16 cases of silicosis v;ere found among 350 vorker Hygienic improvements have been made In both industries. .253 ASHESTOSIS AND ITS PREVENTION. Windel. Arbeitsschutz, 9-16 (1937). A survoy of 11 German asbestos plants employing 385 workers disclosed 22 cns> of asbestosis end 13 deaths. A short description of the clinical and x-ray pictures is followed by a careful description of the exhaust systems needed certain*processes with illustrations. 254 TEE CARBON CONTENT OF ANTiiRACOTTC LUHCS. E. Uullcr. Arch. f. Gewerbepattol 7, '316-318 (1936). A mothod for determining the c-rbon content of anthracotic lungs is presents: It consists primarily of pulverizing tho tissue, extracting the fat with ethi and alcohol, end then treating it repeatedly v.lth concentrated hydrochloric ; The method can be used also on other tissues. 255 A GRAPHICAL METHOD FOR THE DESIGN OF EXHAUST SYSTEMS. A. Nutting. Heut. , P: and Air Cond., 9_, 21-24 (January, 1937). A series of charts has been prepared on which are plotted curves indicating basic relationships botvjocn airflow end resistance in exhaust systems. They arrongod in such a way as to solve any simple design problem directly end otul ly. In any problem tho static suction ct tho hood, the entrance loss into ti hood', and the diameter of the exhaust pipes must bo known. (The above issue the publication may be obtained from Keeny Publishing Co., 6 N. Michigan Avc. Chicago, price 50 cents or possibly 25 cents.) .. 256 INSURANCE COMPANY RELATIONSHIPS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN COMPENSATION INSURANT A.D. Lazcnby. Surg.' Gynecol, and Obstet. , 6A,' 393-596 (February 15, 1937). Insurance companies must undertako a definite program of accident and disease prevention. They must see that the disabled workman is restored to usefulnes w '(fences on Recent Litereture THE SIGNIFICANCE OF NALAL CULT FILTRATION IK ASBESTOSI! C. Lehmann, Arbeitz) physiol. 9_, 57C-8 (1937) (German) The author determined 'the nasal filtering efficiency of 73 workers in an asbestos 'plant. Most of the employees hr.d not worked long, and only 1 medium to severe `case of asbestosis was found, with 17 light and 24 incipient cases, rin-cancludea- earrirYi lTC.fi ng otTlelcncy is es signil'icunt in asbestosis as it is in sili- ,cosis. ti'TPATffiLOCICAL AND ANATOMICAL QUESTIONS IN CASES OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: SEVERE ASBESTO- f-SIS. W. di Biusi. Mod. Kelt. 11, 1234-7 (1937) (German) . The euthor gives a clear discussion of pathological and anatomical changes in the development of pneumoconiosis (silicosis) and emphasizes the fact that no real pneumoconiotic changes liavo been seen '.dthout exposure to quartz. In hundreds of ..cases in the Riihr district, he has never seen connective tissue growth in lungs completely blackened by cocl dust unless rock dust was also present. Claims to j;.tbc contrary havo not seen confirmed by autopsy findings. In asbestosis, tho " growth of diffuse connective tissue is greater in the lower part of the Lung then ? in the upper. The author attributes this growth to the mechanical action of asbestos. .............. - -. .. . * ` DOST CONTENT OF AN ASBESTOSIS LUNG AND THE NATURE OF ASBESTOSIS BODIES. N. Sun- L^[:dius and A. Bygden. Arch. f. Gowerbepathol. u. Gcwerbehyg. 8, 26-70 (1937) -(German) - If'This long paper reports careful chemical experiments on the asbestos in the lung end asbestosis bodies. Although much more serpentino asbestos than hornblende is used in industry, the latter .as found exclusively in the lungs examined. The ' ' asbestosis body sheaths oro formed net only around asbestos but also around simi- ^ lor crystals of other substances. No support has been found for the belief that asbestos causco a chemical decomposition in the lung. Tho gel substance of tho sheath consists of iron oxide, phosphoric acid and a protoin. This gel substance ^ originates entirely from the body fluids and sinco the iron content is high (40$ es oxldo), tho most plausible suggestion i3 tho blood. Tho causo of the ' sheath formation ia not related to tho cbomicel nature but to the rigid aid sharp noodlo form. Tho authors believe that the fibrosis con also be attributed to this, \ SV . ' THE RAILROAD SURGEON'S RELATION TO OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE. 0. C. Browne, General Claims Agent, New York Central Railroad System, New York. Ind. lied. _6, 5-14-7 (Oct. 1937) Reprints obtainable from author. Thero arc 2 conceptions of the term "occupational disease". One includes any disease or ailment that may have its inception in the course of the occupotion and may be said to have h3d a contribution to its cause by some exposure of the employment, however slight. The other view is that a dlscaso to be classed as occupational must be one that is "peculiar to and characteristic of" the occupa tion. Only under the second viewpoint can uc determine 'what constitutes e disease disebility that is fairly chargeable to industry. However, the first view has been advocated in uddrejsca ou occupational diseases and In the courts and is the basis of "blanket coverage" in the lews of several states. If this view is ac cepted, tho employer can be saddled with a form of health compensation which he cennot provent even by an extreme of precaution, and which is far worse in Its possibilities than any reasonable scheme of health insurance so far proposed. In the railroad industry, admittedly there are true cases of occupational disease, but scver,.l claims are cited in which it was shown on investigation that tie in jury v:as not a result of the occup_tion. Each case must bo scientifically de termined on tho fact.: developed, so that employment may not be charged wit.i every man's physical breakdown. In the field of silicosis, the work of Dr. McCa:in on T'loS iferanoes to Roccnt Literature - 7 ,7 EAIHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OP ASEESTOSIS. VT.diBir.si. Art Gewerbohyg. (German) 6_, 139-55 (1937). Tho author presents an exhaustive daseription of a fatal case of asbestosis, tiacrosoopic and raicroscoplo findings. A diffuse fibrosis wos seen spreading tha top toward the hnttnn. Tn ashestnsis th ft x-ray Inri iefttinns .O-Cfi-sl-ight, Tory noticeable lung symptoms, while the reverse conditions are true in sili (i-ond tho anatomical and histological findings in the two diseases differ thro out. The conditions in nsbestosi3 may be cxplcined by the mechanical octicr. the asbestos needles. Asbestos is cannot be usod ns a support for the existc of a silicatosis. 118 SEVERE PNEUMOCONIOSIS AND ITS RECOGNITION. V. Roichmann. Hod. VTolt (German 1518-22 (1937). Tho author considers simple silicosis to be "severe" only whan the x-ray sr.o flaky and tumor-like shadows. Noneyccab patterns arc signs of an earlier si which is followed by the nodule stage ani finally tho one first mentioned. tail6 of the x-ray and clinical pictures ere discussed, and the diagnostic v> of spirometry, electroccrdiogr;uns and sphygnogrcir.s is omphasited. .,119 SILICOSIS ALONG iETAL HliTEES Iti VIESTERN AUSTRALIA. K.R.Moore. Med. J. Aust ' 2, 764-5 (Oct. 30, 1937). Siheo 1925 pre-employment and annual radiographic examinations of metal mine boon compulsory in Ylostern Australia, and nev; employoos must be froo of tube losis, industrial pulmonary disease and certain other conditions. At prescr, 93.7ji of the employees are normal, compared with 60)5 in 1925-6, and silicosi fallen from 1G.1>5 to 6jJ. The annual incidonco of silicosis with tuberculosi tuberculosis clone has fallen from 3.5 to 0.2)5 and from 0.3 to 0.1)5 respccti Two forms of tho entc-primary stage of silicosis ns vo been found, characteri by fine ur.d coarse mottling, respectively, with c ratio of 4:1. In advanced the frequency becomes about even, and in cases with tubcraulosis the ratio o fine to carsc is 2 si. Those findings led the author to believo that pure * icosis presents tho fine mottling. Of a group of new employees studied ove.yesrs, 25,t of all workers and 40)5 of those employed underground showed progr< to at least. tl* primary stage of silicosis, and 1.3)5 of the totaL developed berculosis. Or miners suffering ante-primary silicosis in 1925-5, over 2S)5 ( velopcd silicosis vrithin 10 years, e.r.d 4.2)5 silicosis v;ith tuber:ulosis. Thi results shew that although silicosis is still being contracted, a pronounced duction has been brought about by tho law. 120 EXHAUST REQUIRE! XtITG FOR PGU'.T.RY DUST CONTROL. John It. Kano, American Air ? Co., Louiovillo, Ky. Foundry 66 , 30-2 , 74 (Jan. 1938). Reprints or general fa-nv.tion obtainable from. tli. HITthor. This paper was prepared under the auspices of the Engineering committee of ti Dust Control Equip.ir.ont r.ssooir.tion, end the data, presonted ere intended to hi used only as c guide for average roquircn.cnto , to be modified as particular t ditions require. The largest tt. cunt of exhaust air required for dust control will bo cp.pliod to tho operations incidental to tho shaking out 3f tho cnstii and tho hooding or enclosing of that operation requires more careful study tl i any othor dust-prcducing procoss. An overhead hood is r.dvisablo whore possil Another solution involves side hoods, but they require larger ai:- volumes. j air curtain, systom confines tho dust with mcdorr.tc air volumes more cffcctiv, than side or downdraft hoods. Exhaust hoeds should be provided at all trr.ns: points, and sr.r.d screens should he enclosed 7.i;crc possible. Storage bins fo: sano also require exhaust connections. Ar. enclosure should be provided at m: or mullors. All tho suggested types of equipment for dust control arc doscr: briefly, with tabulated specifications, end illustrated by diagrams. I fefances to Recent Literature -6 Bf PULVERIZING SILICA SAND. D.iJ.'Wilheln. Rock Prod. 41, 47-0, (April 1986). ' Dlls Is o briof illustrated description of tho plant of tbo'Kilv.ood Sund Co. At Zanesville, Ohio. Tho dust hatard has hefln nl tmlimfaij. by ihe uo of dust seals on oil equipment In which dust is generated. t SOLVING THE DUST PROBLEM. P.'.V.Ortean, Jr. Safety Eng. 75, 13-6 (April 1939) LnfonnQtion obtainable from thv uuthor, Personnel Manager, Hoppers Company, Baltinoro, lid. The author briefly describes tho dust control mothods usod in tho grinding. Billing and boring dopartmont of tho Koppors Company at Baltimore. The original oquipmont, consisting of a number of installations was roplaood by a central dust collection system, v/hich has proved satisfactory for 13 yoors, with improvements that have boen addod more recently. Tho area of the scroon has been increased ona-third by tho adoption of an improved typo of scroon, without increasing tho site of the screen house. As an auxiliary ncosuro, a largo portable vacuum clconor, with interchangeable nonlcs, is =, usod for cleaning walls cr.d ceilings. SSS THE BEARING ON SILICOSIS QUESTIONS OF CfE THIRD LAVf FOR EXTENSION OF ACC!DEN' INSURANCE TO INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. Lochtkemper. Zbl. f. Gevorbehyg. lj[, 9-12 (1938). German. - The author discusses the present German law, which puts all forms of silicos: on a par with accidents, and, like many of our new State laws, pevee the y for propor prevontivo measures. Ho also reports on some of his own experienc including cases of silicosis in chamotto workers and in clay tube factories. Ono case was that of a man who, for a year, had shoveled grain nuxed with sur and anothor was severe silicosis in a worker employed in a room near a sand blaster. The author cautions against exaggerating apparently alarming symp toms, such as old calcareous foci; on tha other hand, a careful history is essential and special attention should be given to light forms of silioosis ooatracted in oarlior work. 360 ASBESTOSIS AND ITS KffiVEjiTfOK. T.Tiindel. Arboitsschuts, 26-32 (1938) German. In continuation of the author's earlier work (abstract 271, Ifcy, 1937), ho first presents more material on asbestosis in the toxtile industry. There are now about 1300 asbestos worters in Gernony, and about 1000 are considered to bo dangerously exposed, including waavors. Up to torch 31, 1937, 27 cas6s of asbestosis, of which 16 ore futal, v/ere reported. In 6 months of operati of th& now compensuticn Ion, 10 cases hovo boon idemnifiod. Tbo -earliest observed symptoms of the disease are soon after 3 or 4 yoars' work. An X-ray examination of each nc- employee should be made, and another after 3 yoars and at regular intervals. Above all, observers must prove whether or not a light cueo will inevitably progress in splto of removal from expesure. Obsolatc, und nov.- protective .::ousures art contrasted, with illustrations, and tho necessary technical improvements are described. 361 n PH0TRONREFLECT0METER - AN INSTRUMENT FOR TIE LSAS'JIiEMEKT OF TURBID SYSTEMS. R. L. Libby. J. Immunol. 2H, 71-73 (Jan. 1938). An instrument for measuring tho turbidity of liquids is doseribod in this paper, wliich is included on account of the possibility of tho application of tho method to tho estimation of the turbidities of impingcr dust samples. Light from a conatant source is condensed by lenses and transmitted in a parallel beira through the liquid under observation and falls on a blackenod surfaco, on which tjf substance causing a current to bo generated under tho influenco of light is placed, not in the diroot bear, but around it. Tho E.M.F. generated is rogistored by c galvanomctor and is a measure of the scattorod I I I I I I I I I I I I I I nances to Recent Literature - 6 H THE APPLICATION OF DUSTtcONTROL PRINCIPLES Tft FOUNDRY OPERATIONS. R. R. Meigs. Second N. E. Regional Foundry Coaf., Doss. Inst. Tech. , April 8,' 1938. The paper presents a discussion of the principal sources of dust in each of the several operations of a foundry and outlines practical applications of control In each case. The subject Is considered under 5 main headings: (1) molding, T?) ITig, (l``| Ll1 , (11--ftBfifl ffrnvli timing nnd (5) castings cleaning. Buoy practical suggestions are Hade in rcgerd to care, maintennnce and"mefliods of operation that will tend to improve existing cunditlono. The author has 8T0ld#d consideration of the dust concentrations that may be ancmsnterod and the pathological effects of the dusts. A discussion by Manfred Bowditch oad as addi tional paper by W. F. Tarry combine to Bake the study an excollent and compre hensive treatment of the elements of dust control in foundries. . 8BCENT DUST EXHAUST APPARATUS. F. Prockat, Staub _6, 249-8? (193?). (Cernan). First is a description, with examples and illustrations of the most important points of exhaunt apparatus and the various kinds of dust removal: gravity sys tems, removal by utilizing the mass inertia, by centrifugal force, by filters, etc. The author then describes exhaust hoods, partly in agreement with those oxpresaod in Drinker and Hatch's book, portly alao on the basis of some of his own investigations of piping installations, SOSK OF THE DUST CONTROL OFFICE III COOPERATION WITH CEBUAN INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. A, Laommert. Staub 7_, 365-71 (193?). German insurance carriers, because of silicosis compensation have become more interested in dust control. To furnish Xecking data and knowledgo of the physics and technic of dusts a central uffleo was set up to do what could cot be done individually. The central office set up a laboratory, began consulting individ ual inspectors und industries and investigating all problems bearing on dust control. Most of the interested companies joined. iSBESSTQS. S. H, Cloyne and E. R. A. Morewether. Occupation and Health, Supple- ehtT T5 pp. International Labor Office, Geneva (1938), Information obteinebie from International Labor Office, 734 Jocksoa Place, Washington, D. C, This is one of several brochures recently issued as a supplement to the 2-volume Encyclopedia on Occupation und Health. It is a treat!oa asbestos, including physical properties, chemical composition, uses, extraction, manufacturing pro cess, and oepacially risks to health. TUo discussion of asbestosis includes its essential features, diagnosis, pathological features, distinction from tubercu losis, preventive measures and compensation. The references to difficulties in diagnosis and to formation of asbestosis bodies, illustrated by 41 drawings, are of special interest. The most important siagio clinical sign uf asbestosis is that of diffuse bilateral impairment of the percussion note, slight in degree and associated within slight sense of resistance. The other Important feature Is the radiographic examination sf the cheat. The distinguishing features be tween asbestosis and silicosis in x-rsy pictures are listed. It is eaphaeizod that neither method alone la conclusive, but that asbestosis can bo diagnosed with certainty with tho aid of both, even if symptoms and disablement ora ab sent. In difficult cases whore extensive tuberculosis is present, careful in vestigation of the subjects' exposure to asbestos dust will enable tlse correct decision to be reached. The preventive noasuros arc based largely cn the prin ciples of the British Code of Regulations. Tho views expressed nru autaoritativ. and very instructive. _ ' PREVENTION 0? AS3EST0SIS:H! INDUSTRY. F. Prockat, Staub. 5, 133-62 (1937). The papor Includes a description of asbestos, and of its various forms, its uses and methods of preparation fur lndnotriol purpoaos. It is shown by miicy Illus trations how dust can be decroosed in ccrtula pr.'.cosoou by instulLnt.lor of ex haust aystoma and practical planning. I I I I bforencau to Hccont Literature - 5. CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF Q.UART8 (FREE SILICA) IH OUSTS. E. Koplau and W.T. False. Ind. 4 Eng. Chen. Anal. Ed., 10, 333 (July 5, 1930). . The writcrj propone the application of the compound interest law to determine Aradlno (fluoboric acid) methods for the determination of free silica. By nppl lag Knopf's factor of 0.1v loss per day and Line and Aradlno's foc:or of 0.34-/S loss per day to tho mathematical formula dorived l'i-am the comiiound interest lav tho writora calculoto the total free silica loss for any numoor of days. The chiof difficulty with tills proecduro is that tho factor of rate of loss is not constant, but varies widely with different particle sizes as tins boon denonstrs ed by Moko and Harris. `.5 fnt-sV;i SU5&CAL COlUIDHWSIOHij ON Siffi QUESTION OF INDHSfaiAJ, OF 3 dyCRKJw Fr Hbrnig. Ztschr. 1`. Krebsforseh., 47, 201-7 U93B). German). ' ' A 35 year old woman who worked in an asbdstos factory from 1919 to 1928 fell il of asbestosis. In 1937 Q sliarply defined shadow was scon roontcenographically . in tho upper left lobe. This shadow was considered by the author to be a car cinoma and in tho decision on the ease, a causal rolation between the presence of asbestosis and tho development of -carci noma-wuu ace-optod. Tho correct diag % nosis of carcinoma was confirmed on autopsy. < U THE .INIXJSTRIAL CANCER OF WBKEHS IS ASBESTOS. id. Nordiaann. Ztschr. Krebsforc: I?, 200-302 (1=930). Tho author describes 6 cases of asbestosis vd.th lung carcinoma, of which 5 were squamous carcinoma with hornifiention and the other an adenocarcinana. Most oi tho cases were younger than the average case of lung cancer. The exposure to asbestos had lasted 7 to 21 years, end had begun 13 to 20 yoars beforo observa tion of the carcinoma, with the oxception of cn elderly woman who had only an exposuro of 19 months, 17 years before observation, nnd who had a high degree of asbestosis. Whet property of asbestos is responsible for tlio cancer dovolo] s ing on the groundwork of asbestosis is not yat known, but tlioro may bo in asbe; toa so-called carcinogenic substances. 715 TEST:; OF a BARRIER U3IHU KICK DUST III PAPER BAGS. II.P. GrccnwolO and H.C. Hov/artlu ll.il. Dur. Minos, Rc-pt. Investigations Ho.341.1, 10 pp., {August, 1938 Obtainable free from Div. of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, 0.! A recently developed method of explosion barrier is testod by the Bureau. Tho method consists in dusting witu limestone placed In paper bogs which are mount on posts in trackless entries. The bags are mounted in such n uuy as to be automatically opened by the sltocs -.-.avos in advance of on explosioc end complet description is given of the tuelini>'iuc used. The ten tests mude wero succossfu in evory case -out one. They are described as clioaper than those methods rocom mended in their Bulletin He.333 but are not recommended for entries provided with track. The limestone used is especially treated to increase resistance t moisture. 716 SOME OBSERVATION:; <j[i uOAL-tUHE FAild /dID C0id.-l.iiHE VLHiTI.ATIOH. U. Herrington and E.H. De:my. I/.a. our. Lines Inf. Circ. IIo.7032, 20 pp. (August, 1933). Obtainable free from Div. of Information, U.3. Bureau of Mines, Washington,D-C Ventilation-is one of the most important single operations in mining for protooting lives .and in promoting efficiency of operation. During 1932 and 1935 inclusive, the explosion record in coal-mines was very good but during 1937 ar 1930 experience has been bee, sad it is suggested that the cause nay bo due largely to tho overlooking of the ventilation rc.iuirum.nts. This bulletin pre sents a summary or ^mportant considerations in ventilation including a review Inferences to Recent Literuture - 5 | SOS TUBERCULOSIS OF INTESTINES IN TUBERCULOUS ANTIRACOSILICOSIS. R. Char: Cohen. Am. J. Med. Sci. 19, 85-7 (July 1950). Complete autopsies were made on 42 cases of anthracosilicosis plus pul tuberculosis, and on 75 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis without anthra arater,- I9^hadlnte3t,lne'l-~tPbercul03lS'"angn>I^ ofthe la incidence of intestinal tuberculosis in each group was apparently highe age groups below 30. | 804 A STUD! OF ASBESTOSIS IN THE ASBESTOS TEXTILE INDUSTRY. W.C.. Dreessen DallaVallc, T.I. Edwards, J.W.Miller, and ft.R. Sayers, Pub. Health Bu No, 241, 126 pages (August 1938). Obtainable for 20 cents, cash, from tenderit of Documents, ftashihgton, D. C. This is a report of a complete survey of the asbestos textile industry Carolina made in conjunction with the State Health Department. The re comprehensive in its coverage of tho subject and includes a good annot bibliography of 65 references to asbestosis. It describes tho industry processes in the manufacture, numbers employed in each process, dust o made at various locations and incidences of asbestosis among the varioi ees. The incidence of the disease among the workers increased rapidly creased dust exposure, and it was found that one-fifth of the workers i exposure of 50 to 99 million particle-years and half the workers havini posure of over 100 million particle-years had ^asbestosis. The threshol for exposure has been set tentatively at 5 million particles por cubic it wae found possible by methods already at hand to obtain this concern in all processes. The medical part of the report is complete with phy: amination data, laboratory findings, x-ray pictures and case histories, I 805 INVESTIGATION ON CONTROLLING PNEIM0NIA BY IMMUNIZATION OF 'YORKERS IN Tf SLAG MILLS. U. Gundel & E. Homann. Dtsche. med. Wchnschr. 64, 917-21 (3 (German). In an earlier paper, our Abstract No. 8, 1937, the authors had 6hown tl pneumonia in Thomas slag mill workers was caused exclusive;./ by pneuooc type3 I, II, III, but chiefly by type II. Since that time they have be munization in a plant where pneunonia had occurred. A Bohring-Werke se used on 79 men in the mill, the remaining 49 refused it. Ho serious re followed its use. The serum was givon in July and since then no pneumc appeared in the plant. Though it has not proved itself conclusively, i ruary, 1938, pneumococci of the above types could be found but very sel less frequently than in another mill. The authors conclude that the re call for further work with the serum. 806 MEDICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF TUBERCULOSIS AS AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AN ACCIDENTAL INJURY. Mary G. Mack. National Tuberculosis Aesoc. Social Series No. 6 (June 1936). Obtainable from the Association, 50 Rest 50t New York, for $1.00 postpaid. Generally speaking, tuberculosis is not recognized as an occupational d but there is a growing experience in the ccurts with reference to auits claims for compensation beceuse of tuberculosis contracted in ordinary of industrial employment. The purpose of this bulletin is not to be an haustive summary of all cases, but rather to present representative dec with d.lscussions of various problems involved. Included is a review of opinions on `the status of tuberculosis as an occupational disease and a accidental injury; abstracts of court decisions on each of the two latt and a digest of the workmen's compensation laws; by states, as thoy offpa tion/il diseases.