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LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION SO-CAST 41n s s t u c c t NEW YOHIC 17, K. T. *Hy 1, 1957 SUBJECT: PEP LEAD TBCHRICAL LSTTrE NO. 12 To Hesters of th Lead Industries Association: Eiolossd Is copy of Red Lead Technical Letter No. 12, "Painting Highway Structural Steel." Approximately 11,000 copies are being distri buted to individuals in the following groups* Highway Engineers Construction Companies Paint Production Clubs Rational Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association Rational Association of Corrosion Engineers Water and Sewage Works Railroads Shipyards Miscellaneous Additional copies of this Technical Letter are available for the use of Beebe rs upon request. Sincerely yours. \ \ \ ^'M i * *Jj^. gyauwuY1---------- " ' k l.s LI A2 l<, 5(j RECOMMENDED SURFACE PREPARATION of STEEL for RED LEAD PAINTS TKCX Foirwow........................................................................X Ma x v t a c t v mm or Red Le a s .......................................... X Wh t Sek t ac x Pn c a a a t io k ?............................................... S Wh a t t o Co x e id e* in Scictno a Mrruoo or Si-w ac x tW>uuTiai..................... 4 Set l -a c i Pk e f a a a t io x Met h o d *.......................................... 4 SlTVACE PUTAKATIOK Of SlXXL RtooErur>rocD ro Rid Lead Pa d o * (Qu!ck Refrmx* Sumnuiy)...........................................8 E#4 tt-*4 TcRnft*l Cw w iMn LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 40 EAST 4Ji*4 EUEIT NEW YORK IP, N. Y. rTT" N 1636.01 '! wsai ; i >j# niy LIA21457 Foreword TN previous Red Lead Technical Letters, the Red Lead Technical Committee erf the Lead Industries Association has confined itself to the recommendsUoa erf red lead primer formulations and has left other considerations involved la painting to be secured by the user from other souroet. The extreme importance, however, of surface preparation for the proper performance of any metal protective paint, has now led the Committee to prepare the recommendations contained In this Technical Letter to aid the industrial user in getting the longest possible service life out of his paint The success or failure of a paint sytem, after all, very often depends upon the adequacy of the surface preparation. Prop# turf*?, preparation cannot be stressed too dtonefa, Thu Technical Letter include* a short discuitloo of surface preparation to emphasize the differences and completeness of surface contaminant removal by the most widely used methods. A listing of surface preparation requirements applicable to a number of painting conditions for which red lead primers era recommended is also included. Formulas for all the paints listed are cootaiocd in previous Red Lead Technical Letters (these are available, at d o charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association). Inquiries regarding this Technical Letter or specific painting problems are welcome and should be addressed to the Lead Industries Association or to the designated individuals in the cooperating companies listed below. TH4 KAOU^tCMC* COM*AMT................................... Aawtcu hrfMU* CW:mS 1, OWa Nr vrift* Pmt mWwrf f A iltnfc Cakara, OeveUad. DtHu M, Detroit tiuu CSy 4, (Ue.), New OrWua Kv fort 17, KKiUdeiphU 4, PtruUirxk ti Oa tiu PecSflc Oweu A*eid*ad Lm ud Ziac Coapwy, Sunk 4, Lot AofcUt 11, Saa FnaOns 7. W. *. FULUX & COMFANT ............... Ml MU4*u Um 1*# CaMar^e fr Utm^mmUmm wriM W. i. a 4 m gotoa Bette. Frrtao, Lot Ajs^alre, Oiiiiod. Fboeafat, PcrtUad (Or* ), figiaiiA $Ah l Cjty, Su Dwco, Sanka, Spofcaoa, Tacoma, Tails* (Wui.) na ouovar c o m*a mt .............. nte u*Ua cMm wtuu* cimM 14, otu Fr (tliNMMM art* O. f. SKmbm W rtin e*Wia AlUot*. Boetoa, Mhnveepoiix, New Tort, Se<rtb Hariraeack (N. ).), (n Tnrciacai Adieu A Litznf Dhislca, OUcJSQ; Ai&cricaa Pilot Wprkj Dtriioc, New Oktat; CmpLcu & Vimiih Dtvllioc, St Louis, NobU* Fair* 4 Vantkk DMS<u. Oikafo; A. WlJhala Ccmpurr DMtto*. BeeHlnfc Ca a k Us DJrlcra*, TaroMat Cbemkalc, Plcxnrots 4 Metal* DtrlAoo, Baldnora, ColHamQe (CL), Hima>nat, (lad.)i Eastoa Uw Company, Soutoa KAMMOKO UAO *tOOUCTl, IMC.................... 1531 Kabmaa Area*a, Hava wad. tigi 420 UilefHe Aviwe. Mew T4 IT# M. T, 1402 Oflrar wndlag. P1tthereh t% N. Nr lkiaen wr-- L 0. JrtiWa el S--m4 lilat KAT>OKM UAO COM*AMT................................................ lit Braarfwey, Haw YaA A, K.T. Pmt ttduliW vHN A *. Ma a* dva Atlanta, Buff4)0 3. O-icifo ff, OociAiutt 4, Cleveland It, D2*a A fnfl*dalphl* IS, fitobursH It, St Louis 1, Su Frurke 10, Boatoa t, CUHnlaa tf <W. Va.), Seettle 4, Lae Aafales tX WUTttM UAD *400001 COM*AMT. . 4120 L fad* Way. Ua Aa **U 22, CaManrfa I23t fwrt4 1+raet, leritatey 2, tsWamU 1 V w.'?y n ijwnu<iiBj>CTi ........... .. \ LI*21458 - . .. -1-: -- -. .- - .'Vs - . ^^ j <3 RECOMMENDED SURFACE PREPARATION OF STEEL FOR RED LEAD PAINTS Why Surface Preparation? THE reason for surface preparation Is to re move contaminants and improve adhesion of Welds Weld deposits such as weld flux slag, weld a priming painL Adhesion is the bonding of the priming paiot 10 the surface to which the paint is applied. Paint will fad in direct proportion to flux fumes, weld heat oxides, and weld metal spatter, are surface contaminants. Electric are weld seams la particular and, to a somewhat its lack of adhesion. Mill scale, rust, dirt, grit, oil, grease, chemicals, lesser extent, the acetylene weld seams must be cleaned before painting, and other surface contaminants make good paint performance rnpossible by preventing wetting of the metaL Rust, when it is painted over, con tinue* to form and eventually destroys the ad hesion of the paint Elm. Likewise mill scale is likely to be undermined by rust. The weld flux slag remaining adjacent to the weld seam is strongly alkaline. Under humid conditions it saponifies the paint vehicle, forming fatty' acid soaps which reduce adhesion of the paint Elm and, either through actual pores In the Elm or by osmetic action, water is drawn through the Elm to promote further cocrosioo, . f wm v lysij f n ny Min ScoW The weld flux fumes after condensation are 1.t deposited noticeably la a band 2 to 8 in. oa a Most structural steel is hot formed. It is cov either side of the weld kitn. Spray painting ered with a mixture of iron oxides called mill fails to disturb the condensate, which la con scale, which is of variable thickness, continuity junction with weld flux slag may cause corrosioo and adhesion. Mill scale is brittle and is mainly to spread a considerable distance from the weld magnetic iron oxide, Fr,0,. Due to flexing or scam. Brush applied paint dilutes the weld flax the difference in coefficient of expansion between fume condensate and lessens the Intensity and the mill scale and the base metal, the mill scale area of action. cracks when changes in temperature take place. Tte weld heat oxides are concentrated oo the If moisture enters a crack in mill scale, rusting of w eld scam in a band about 2 in. wide o q either the base metal begins. As the rust creeps under side of the scam. These oxides fora irregular the mill scale, adhesion is destroyed. and rough deposits and create unequal paint Loose or semi-loose mill scale in time becomes Elm thickners. The thin spots in the paint thereby completely detached from the base metaL Rup promote early Elm failure and serve as corrosion ture and scaling of the paint coat follows. Tightly centers. adhering areas of mill scale, through electro- The weld metal spatter deposits range from chemical action may provide sufficieut localized microscopic particles to particles V* la. in diam corrosion to produce pits, which may in time eter. The larger the spotter the more Emly the penetrate the base nwtaL spatter is welded to the surface. Paint Sims over these spatters fail prematurely due to inadequate iV J'y' TUPil^ W Glm thickness on the top of the metal spatter or Ot mm wtf Ofl rn to the Inability of paint to enter the junction between the spatter and the metaL Crease and od are detrimental to adhesion between the priming paint and the metal sur Since paint Elm failure, in general, radiates from pinhead rust spots often associated with : face. Small objects may have the grease and flux, slag and spatters, these deposits mujt be off removed by a number of vapor degreasing removed by grinding or blasting or both before commercial techniques. On Urge objects, due painting if an adequate, uniform Elm thickness to their size and shape, the grease and oil are removed by washing or wiping with a suitable solvent. Is desired. When cleaned, the weld seams may be expected to give almost as good service as the adjacent metal surface. r ,0 Ii-iajn 1W.UW HJUI ...... e o 111)11 JlPHJ I111 WJPf Jl _ 0 I C? LIA21459 o- 1 J What to Consider In Selecting a Method of Surface Preparation Th question of selecting s method of surface preparation depends upon a cumber of factors other than the economic conditions Involved. Among these are; L Condition of the surface to be painted, 2. Type of service to which the metal and paint will be subjected, 3. Practicality of using a particular method because of environment, and 4. The type of paint which is to be applied. The requirements for surface preparation are more severe as the wetting ability of the paint decreases. One reason why the anticorrosive red lead pigment la linseed oil paint, Li-AFormula 3*1 (tlie same as Fed. Spec. TT-P-S6*, Type I, or SSFC Paint 1-55T) has achieved an eminent reputation for protection of steel is due to its superior wetting characteristics. It has demonstrated excellent anticorrosion perform ance when usr*d over steel where small amounts of rust and tijjhtly adherent mill scale are pres ent A surface condition such as this is often the best that can practically be obtained in the field. Equally good results are being obtained by similar high red lead in oQ systems, which have good wetting characteristics, u used by railroads, public utilities, highway departments, and others. The linseed od vehicle, however. Is slow dry ing and it is often necessary to use a faster dry ing od-rrtin vehicle combination such as L.LA. Formula 6-7 (TT-P-86a, Type II). Such a paint is limited in Ju wetting ability by the presence of synthetic resins. Therefore, jurfices receiving paints of this type must be more carefully cleaned of corrosion products and contaminant! if maximum performance is expected. Going still further, painting requirements may necessitate the use of the very rapid drying syn thetic vehicle type paints, such as L.LA- For mulas 3*7. or 6-13 (TTP-66a, Type IU) or 6-18, (MIL-P-17543) (Bu Ships Paint Fonuula No. 116). These paints are useful and excellent when applied over carefully prepared surface*. The following are the recommended methods for the surface preparation of steel to which red lead paint is to be applied, along with a table Indicating the type of structural steel, the ex posure, drying time, LXA. recommended red lead paint and specification for the recommended deaniog methods. Surface Preparation Methods Factors to be eotuidered la .election of any metal protective paint, are rorf.ee preparation and tie condition of the nirf.ee at the time of application, the character of the baae metal and tl<e environmental erporure. Only those rurface preparation method, which ire pertinent to atructural fteel cleaning and which are mort generally used are comldered in thi. Technical Letter. The major method, of lurface preparation of rtcel may be classed under three categorical L Mechanical rrrf.ee preparation L Hand cleaning t Power tool cleaning 3. Sand or .hot blaatlng 4. Flame (leaning 1L Chemical rorf.ee preparation L Weathering 2. Chemical cleaning a. Alkali cleaning b. Pickling c. Steam cleaning 3. Phosphate rurf.ee treatmad HL Solvent cleaning and degrading The following are general description, of the more common rori.ee preparation method*. Un der each heading will be found a reference to the detailed apreificatioo for that method, which appear, in Volume II, Steel Structuree Painting Manual, published by Steel Structures Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pitt.burgh 13, Pa. '* * * iifa,r,i,A*,^ * HiO,. '*' i. i i LIA2146q 1 I MICHANICAL *UtfACS PtUAJtATlON of 500 to 5000 r.pjn. under load, while the Hcnd Canning (5SPC-V 2-32T) rotational speed of the pneumatic driven brushes is regulated by the air pressure and the volume ; Hand cleaning is beat adapted to spot clean of the air. Power brushes may cut through thin ing for maintenance repainting and ii oot ree- mill scale but the wear on the brush is excessive. f ommeodod for use over large areas where more The power brush must be kept moving to pro- effective methods are available. It hits only the vent burnishing which produces a poor surface high spots of a surface. The operation is most for painting. f comraooly accomplished with stiff, springy wire Grinders and sanders are effective in the prej* brushes, abrasive paper or cloth,, drapers, knivea, aratioo of a surface when the ab**asive grit fixe chisels, or chipping hammera. is carefully selected for the Job at hand. The hand cleaning operation varies with the While power operated scaling and chipping type of mill scale and depth of corrosion. Wire hammers are faster than the hand operated I brushing is one of the oldest methods of me* type, they are slow as compared to other avail chanicJ surface preparation and generally par able methods. For very thick surface accumu r tially removes only loosely adhering mill scale, lations, they have merit The tool must be kept l,. rust, old paint fil"**, and dried or caked soil. sharp. The operator must be careful not to i It does not remove adhering mill scale. If strati remove sound metal drive mill scale into soft fied rust is present, it should first be removed by metal or leave metal bum on the surface, the chipping and soaping before hand brushing. A latter two conditions contribute to early paint surface which is flat and free of obstructions and irregularities may be hand brushed at a rate cf failure. Oil and grease should be removed by solvent r two square feet per minute. Chipping hammers remove most of the mill scale, but if the action is Xro vigorous over thin metal, it may deform or even pierce the metaL cleaning before power tool cleaning to prevent spreading. In either hand cleaning or power tool clean ing s primer coat of red lead paint should be t \ <; * Chipping may drive mill scale or corrosico prod applied before any nutlng becomes visible. A f ucts into a soft metal surface; Chipping is usu ally followed by either wire brushing or scrap paint system of two Initial coats of red lead primer followed by suitable finkh coats will give L- ing or both to remove loose mill scale or paint excellent service. >' films. Unless care is exercised, some imbedded mill scale may remain which may cause localized Send or Shot Hosting (SSPC-SP 5-52T) early paint failure. Hand scraping alooe with a sharp-edged Sand or *Lu( U**Jng procedures are employed scraper is probably one of the least effective methods of r'rfaoe cleaning of metal as it re where all the miE scale, rust, rust-scale, foreign matter (except heavy deposits of grease or oil), t moves only semi-adhering mill scale and old or paint are to be removed and the base or - paint films. If oil or grease are present, solvent cleaning "white" metal exposed for paint application. Both processes are based upon the abrasive ac with frequent changes of (he solvent should tion on the surface of various sized particles of precede hand cleaning; otherwise oil or grease sand, shot, grit or other abrasives being dis will be spread over the deseaVd base metal Should explosive vapon be present, a special charged, either wet or dry, at high pressure. Metal or non-metallic synthetic shet or grit to I non-sparking wire or tool must be employed. usually employed where recovery of the abrad ing agent is possible, while sand to used pri Power Tool Cleaning (S5PC-SP 3-52T) marily fex operations in which the abrading agent is expendable. Hand cleaning methods are duplicated by Successful blasting techniques require care power tools designed for brushing, sanding, ful consideration of pressures, size of grinding, scaling, impact cleaning or chipping. distance of nozzle from the surface, kind of ma The genera] sequence of operational techniques terial to be removed, type of abrasive, loss of are the same as under hand cleaning. Power tool cleaning is more effective sod more eco abrasive, health hazard, cost of abraafve. and type of surface preparation required. nomical than hand cleaning for larger surfaces. A large variety of shapes and sizes of brushes, The grit should be of sufficiently small size to remove effectively the surface contaminants grinders and Sanders are available and are mostly without excessive working of the metal surface of the rotary type. The electrically operated or the formation of crater-like surface depres rotary brushes are effective at operational speeds sions, ridges or metal hairs. The paint may not :o O' lyWWMIli 11 mwi'w.i'P j juj i nv LlA^^6! provide adequate Im thickness over the ridge* or tipi of the metal hairs, and thus they become focal point* of premature paint film failure. Ex* cessive surface working of the metal may de velop unequal stresses In some surface areas and become cathodic to adjacent areas. This will accelerate corrosion as the paint film commence* to fall Dry sandblasting, although widely used, should be done with due health precautions, not only to protect the operator from fine abrasive dust but also other workmen In the immediate envir onment Machinery in the vicinity of sandblasting operations should be shielded. Wet or hydraulic und or shot blasting elimi nate* abrasive dust hazards, but if water soluble inhibitors such as chromate or phosphate types axe used, they present different health hazards which must be met with proper precautions. The time lag between completion of blasting end pruning is dependent upon the type of blast ing, the humidity of the surroundings or the presence of soluble inhibitors in the wet blasting fluid. Any blasted surface should be further chemically treated or primed with red lead paint before aay visible rusting occurs. Oii surface* prepared by sand or shot blast ing two primer coats of red lead p^int followed by a suitable finish coat should gi/e 10 to 12 years of service. Home Clwnlng (SSPC-S9 L-57T) Flame cleaning may be used on many fabri cated shapes where the structural sections are of proper stock thickness, are readily accessible, not subject to warping, and where dehydration of the surface is mandatory. Flame cleaned sur faces must be painted before condensation com mences; hence, they should be painted while still warm and dry. Recommended practice re quire? painting within two hours. Flane cleaning is used to remove unbonded mill sc lie and old mill scale which has uot bees previously painted. Ra*cly does flame cleaning remove all the mill scale. It must be followed by wire brushing and dusting before priming. Flame cleaning should not be used o q stock less than 3/10 in. thick. CHEMICAL ftUftTACX MIFAJLATtOM Weathering (LSPC-SP 9-527) Possibly the oldest surface cleaning operation Is atmospheric weathering, a process whereby the removal of the mill scale is primarily depend ent upon the corrosioQ of the metal and the sub sequent loosening of the mill scale by creeping of the rust between the mill scale and the base metal In six months to a year most of the loosened mill scale will have fallen off. Any remaining products of corrosion and psrtUTy loosened mill scale must be removed by sand blasting, wire brushing, scrsplng, or chipping before the surface is primed. Areas of tightly adhering mill scale can only be completely re moved by sandblasting. Once the base metal is exposed, it should be immediately coated with a red lead primer. Usually, in dear weather, six hour* or less will serve as a safe time inter val bef/ecn completion of sandblasting and application of a red lead primer. Field reports indicate this method of surface preparation followed by two coats of a red lead primer paint and a suitable top coat will provide from 6 to 10 years of adequate protection. Chemical Cleaning AlkaQ Oeea/ef Alkali cleaning is more efficient and less haz ardous than solvent cleaning. Alkali cleaner* indude soak tank cleaning, pressure spray clears ing, electrolytic cleaning, scrubbing and brush ing for structural steel assemblies. Alkali deaning remove* oil, grease and soluble rust stimulators. Alkali deaning does not re move heavy or carbonized oils or rust Inhibit!ve oils. The surface is left alkaline and before painting it must be rinsed in a dilute add water solution to prevent saponification of a primer vehicle. HckUng (SSPC-ST *-527) Pickling is an effective method of surface preparation for painting. Mill scale and corrosion products are completely removed by pickling degreased Iron or steel in dilute add solution. The main disadvantage of this method lies la the necessity for following the pickling with t neutralizing and water riming operation to re move all free add and reaction producti, and then a rinsing In either dilute phosphoric add or chromic add solution or mixtures of these to create an Inhibited metal surface. This must ho followed by a thorough drying of the metal sur* face prior to painting. The undesirable attack of the base metal bf the pickling add is min{mlzcd and regulated by the u k * of suitable Inhibitors which may be dis solved in the pickling bath. These inhibitor* create and regulate a preferential selective at tack on the mill scale and corrosion products. The surface should not be etched ecoeniveJy, 1 V u 'a jfiiwu y *B! PI a but slight etching of the surface aJdj la the me chanical adhesion of the paint film. This tjpc of surface preparation ii limited cuiniy to either small *ie object* or ftructural shapes that are easily handled. | fled lead primer painting of the pickled fur- face should be done before the thin Elm left by the chemical treatment shows my visible signs of corrosion. After this type of surface preparation, two coats of red lead primer paint followed by a suitable top coat should give adequate service for 10 to 12 years. J/tam C/tart/rtf Where the sire, shape or location makes it Im possible to solvent wipe the surface, steam clean ing is becoming quite general in field surface preparation. Steam cleaning removes dirt, grime; grease and loose oxidized paint, but dees act remove rust or mill scale. The most efficient steam cleaning includes the additioo of detergents to the steam-water mix ture. If the detergent-steam-water mixture is sufficiently alkaline, it uni1 also remove grease. The surface after steam cleaning is usually al kaline and must be adequately rinsed to prevent saponiEcatkm of the paint vehicle. Pho&phct* Surface Treatment (SSPC-PT 2-53T) Phosphate treatment leaves the surface in a satisfactory condition for maximum paint life, but it does not remove mill scale. Therefore, far the most efficient treatment the surface should be pickled or blasted prior to phosphate treat ment insoluble metal phosphates resulting from the phosphate treatment extend the life of the paint Elm by improving adhesion, retarding uaderElm corrosion, reducing electrochemical ac tion and the decomposition of the paint vehicle by corrosioQ products. The metal phosphate sur face is strong and flexible enough to withstand thermal shock. The phosphate treatment has been apptied by spray process, immersion, brushing, or portable spray equipment. The MIL-010578 specification may be con sulted for details. The U. S. Carp of Englpeers Manual for Fainting (1953) refers to cold phos phate or chemical metal conditioners; When properly applied, phosphate surface treatment has been successfully used on ship plater, river dam gate*, locks, etc. The pafat application and service are the same as for pickled iron or rted. SOCVtNT CUANLHO AHO OfOUAKNO ISSFC-S* I-53T) Structural steel may be solvent cleaned by wiping, dipping or spraying, depending upoo the size of the members. V* iping U widely used. It removes the oil and grease readily and rapidly and requires a minimum of Boot space. In the use of solvent cleaning by wiping the solvent must be changed frequently to prevent rprtrading of the oil and grease, and due precau tion depending upon the solvent employed, must be observed to guard against Ere hazards and toxicity of the solvent Solvent cleaning does not remove rust or mill scale. Military Specification, MIL-IM 16a, give* cleaning methods for steel and mentions the type of petroleum solvent to use. Federal Speci fication P-S-661 or ASTM Specification EHS4-52 cover the use of "Stoddard Solvent.* Federal specifications are available for most of the Im portant solvent*. % j|ii u i w >>' Kinjsm9 '*p wjb^^ryw^^gijfiiou^p^ LIA21^63 Surface Preparation of Steel Recommended for Red Lead Palnte (Quick fore#ico $vmmrjrJ If Tow If000 Co Feb*: Structural Steel For This Typo of Frpantro: AtxDocpberte And the Drying Time Roqvirod far Thru thd* fWromewudai Aed Leod TrPntr jf A-Jlke** Foflovhtf Surface Prrperetioe 2a JUcommo+drd; MJlr. LXA.8-1 ILaod CWtainf SSPC-SP S-SST or Power Tool CW*n(ft ssrc-spwiT But Thom SX Anr*** Solvent CWtalaf to Precede OtKrr Oeeniaf SSPC-SP I-SIT Structural Seed, Oil Strife Ttaka CSwmicaQv Cootunioitcd Atmosphere* tad Marloc EarfepoxaeDti U Hr. LLA.S-T Blut CVtalftf SSPC-SP 5-SXT Pk-Vlin* SSIC-SF S-SXT Structural Steel Aimoepberie IfiHx. LlA.fl-7 Slot sspospsirr or Plciltaf SSP&SFMiT Structural Steel AtmwpWfte U Hi. UA.U Hand CeiaisK S"bi-n( Qrubf SSPC-SP t-S2T to Precede or Other CWalef Power Tael SSPC-SP 1-S2T * Orinine sspcip s-srr Structural Steel Atprupbcric 4 Hr. LXA.6-13 Coouner_i*l Blut Oetnlef s s pc -s f e-srr Pbktine s s h Ss p b -s s t Structural Steel. Especially Build- Inf fntDM Atmapber4e, Tonpofuy (t Mot.) f Hr. SSPCI3-S5T Sub re* CWut'.Af SS1-C-SP 1-32T tad Wire Bruxklftfc SSPC-SP t-SST lljvlnclK Smirtum r t CfMt Cutrv Sluice Cates Ttialtr Erprued Streeter* Sleet et Puaeftaf Sutxjoe Partial ar CocrtiasOai Immense ta Frcih Water Itytlriulk Structure! f | Cmt Catea* Sluice Calee, Taialer Cutrt, Eifioed Streeter* Steel M feBpeil Slattoo* Partial or Coatlawoet Imoxnka hi Freak Water 6 Hr. 1 Hi. LLA.7-4 BL Oraaiaf SSPC-SP S-SJT tad Coetiaf Tn-tJubaeaT VUL-C-1S12AA L1A.T4 Slit Oraaiaf s s p c -s p s-srr tad Coetiaf Pte-t/vabneef ML-01S3A TU rvroeiflM^ rid Wed pdrvt furmuLu nif be fiend U IWl Lend TicWial LeQfn of tbe lied tnduitrlei Amd*> tJaa. Tbe Lit -camber le the numW of (be Technical Letter to whlck that f arretU Ifpwi tad the aecood b the nr>Uc el the fonovle t that Tfdeicil Letter. **AB SSTC tprciLrttioai referred to herrln mty be foar*d ba Volume 17 of Steel Strertura Mctlnf Vfmul, Steel Structure* Paintlnf Guuarll, 4400 Fifth A* fee. pKXabwrffc 13* Pt- MIL ^>ectftcetiaDe b i; be ebuiaed rroei tay Grarr*] Serrkv Admlaiatretma IWfiootl Ofice. " i 'n.'wmi 1 < in y fw n n .ii . . 11. pm .w j m t.iw w !>iriww",T,w "OTM SfWJWM 9 Ut~cuW< we-qm .i*i> LIA21464 a Surface Preparation of Steel Recommended for Red Lead Paints fc- _. . -- . --TiU~1 If Tom Hoot tc r*y* fQv/ck fefrrtnco Svmmoqrf Foefr This Typo Exposure: DRreAyqinnvdtgrotThdeimIta: ThontU* RrPfcleormidnmrLroea1e*dded And the" PrFeSpoaHvrraofttvico+tnifft flecommended: Sut Thom ^Un7 /Uqvired; RaJlroed AoQtof Stock Ateaocpbrrfe IIUi. LXA. M <*8-9 Hand Qcaniof s s pc -s p i -s s t or Power Tool Oe&nlaf ssrc3prr SoKrat Ortntnf to Precede Other CWalrif SSPC-SP 1-S2T SbJpe (Top*kl, Iatcrkw boct* Toppir-4). Bndjre Os-et Tidewater, Docks Martae, Iafenafttad lxruDrrtiaa b Sea Water etu. LXA.6-1I Blut OeaoJnf SSPC-SP 5-StT or FVU.f SSPC-SP 8-ST & Ship* (Topsid, luurian. boot* Topptofl.Od Stors ft Tteb Maria*. IntenrJtteot Immersion ta Set Water. ChemtcaDy GnUr'imterf Atmcepbefee 1 Hr. LJA_ 6-M BLto Qexninf s s p c -s p s^rr Picklinf SSPC-SP 8-52T Shbinotohfrttmm. loBDcrtiot it Set Water Ceh iaired StocL OoeCoet Atmospheric Weethered or fluted Atmorpfcerie CaJraoUed Steel, OmCo New CtKtelterf SteeL Top Co4 to bt Applied 4 Ur. 18 Hr. 4 Hr. 18 Hr. 18 Hr. 4 Jlr. IS 1L 18 Hr. 4 Hr. IUA.4-M Bifet Oeardaf SSPC-SP 3-S2T Plehltor s s pc -s p a-srr LLX8-1 8-1 or 8-5 LXA. 8-1 8-1 or W Sufvetto Oeaatof SSPC-SP I52T tad Fnocphite Prr-tre jtmerd SSPC-PT1-S3T $olv*nt CJraalnf SSPC-SP i -mt tad Win Brmhiaf s s p c -s p t^rr LXA. 84 or 8-5 SoHmt CSrttJnff SSPC-SP 1-52T tad fbtpiuto PrHmtefet sspc-PTi^rr WettWed or Ruffed CuKeaUed Steel, Top Cod to be AppM Atetoepbrrb 18 Hr. 4 Hr. LXA. 8*4 otM Sofve( s s pc C-s pUill-ns3fr and Wirt SmiKlnr s s p c -s p lirr raecmmmdrJ red Wd primer for--tibr may be frond b Red Lrtd Technical Letters of tSe Leed ladartriet tioe. TW fine number to lAe ambec erf the T hnicti Letter te which that formI ipprui tod the tectiod to the e'lrpbtr erf the formula to that TrehoictJ Letter. f *AD SSPC tpedfcetioni rrfrnrd to hereto mty be foood fai Volume n jrf Steel Structure* ralnttoe Mio&aJ, Slrttrtwb Palnflnf Croncfl, 4400 Fifth Aveous, Pittiburfh IS. ft. MtL apedSeetioce mi be (rwa s at Gaacral fjanVee AdmteirtrtUo* Refiooel OAco. wja