Document 9JOk1ewXB12KjnMnqNJwqLQNL

MWBB-0UU5U3 1 Industrial Hygiene Digest INDUSTRIAL HEALTH NEWS LITERATURE ABSTRACTS MEDICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL JA TOXICOLOGICAL LEGAL - - * dfraisioiL* and trend* JUNE, 19S2 (VoL 16, No. 6) INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION MELLON INSTITUTE 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH 13, PA. PLAINTIFFS ) EXHIBIT / HP- / 7J 03119310 MHBH-OIJlWJli FOUNDATION FACTS Foundation Facts isa monthly news-letter issued to industrial concerns holding memoershio in Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation is a nonprofit assoc^at/on of industries for the advancement of healthful working conditions. olume 14 June, 1952 No. 6 .___n DR. WEIDLEIN HONORED Dr. Edward R. Weidlein, President of Mellon Institute, was the recipient Toi an honorary doctor of science degree from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy Science at the annual commencement on June 9. The degree was conferred upon jTYr. Weidlein "in appreciation of his life-long services in scientific research imple--Thented to industry." ~ TALKS BY STAFF MEMBERS civ Dr. C. Richard Walmer, Managing Director, participated in a panel dispjssion on medical and health services for the small industrial plant at the annual jjrv^eeting of the Ohio State Medical Association, held in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 21. rjpp Dr. H. H. Schrenk, Research Director, gave an address entitled "A .^oentist Views the Problem of Air- Pollution" at the second National Air Pollution Symposium held in Pasadena, Calif. , May 5 and 6. Mr. W. C. L. Hemeon, Engineering Director, presented a paper on air pollution at the New England Health Institute held at the University of Connecticut at Storrs, Conn. , on June 19. PRESIDENT'S CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY Y>T Mr. Harry K. Anderson, Vice President of General Motors Corporation, -"aTid a member of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation, made a talk on "Safety Is '^Stpd Business" at the President's Conference on Industrial Safety held in Washington, 2-4. Staff members in attendance at the Conference were Drs, C. R. Walmer laSsl H. H. Schrenk. ADDITIONS TO FOUNDATION'S STAFF ii Dr. John F. Osterritter has joined the staff of the Foundation as assistant to the Medical Director fo>' the next two years while working for his doctorate in ..md^ustrial medicine at the Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh. ES.; Osterritter graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in and received his Master's Degree in Public Health last month, Mr. Harold Ide, wfe received his B.S. from the University of Pittsburgh, has been added to the staff as a research assistant and will work in the field of air pollution. William Crawford, pduate of Thiel College, will be with us as a summer assistant and will also work d.ir pollution. Michael Cerreta, who was on military leave and served with the [izia^ine Corps in Korea, has recently returned to the Foundation as a laboratory a ssistant. i - h-f 03119311 NOUSTrtlAL HYCiSNE PCiJNOATlON 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH |i4), PA. Industrial Hygiene Digest June, 1952 -UL c=3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ' Page News Items.......................................... .............................. .. . 1 Occupational Disease Statistics............................................. 3 Books, Pamphlets and Notices............................................... 4 Legal Developments...................................................................... 5 Industrial Medical Practice......................................... . 7 Skin Diseases and Burns......................................... Chemical Hazards. ......................................................... Industrial Dusts.................................................................. .. . 22 Physical Aspects of the Environment............................... 27 Radioactivity and X-Radiation. ......................... .. . 28 Environmental Measurements.......... .................................... 29 Preventive Engineering......................................... Community Air Hygiene........................................................... 35 Management Aspects............................................. Accidents and Prevention....................................................... 41 Miscellaneous,............................................................................. 42 Index............................................................... 12 14 34 39 44 03119312 June, 1952 Volume XVIII No. 6 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fiffh Avenue Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania INDUSTRIAL, HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News NEWS ITEMS ^ 601 Residency Program--Medicine in Industry. The inauguration of a residency training program in Medicine in Industry was recently announced by the Medical Department of the Stand ard Oil Co. (N. J. ). The program has two major objectives: first, to provide practical experience and training for qualified graduate physicians to fit them for practice in industrial medicine; and second, to help qualify -3> the candidate for specialist certification or degree. At least one, or preferably two, years' internship in an approved hospital is required. The resident will be considered a temporary employee and will receive a liberal compensation. The residency will include 6 months in the medical depart ments of the company and 12 months in the medical department of the Lago Oil and Transport Company in Aruba, Netherlands, West Indies. The first physician to participate in the program left recently for Aruba. -- Ind. Med. & Surg, , May, 1952. 602 AEC Sets Up Industrial Hygiene Training Program. The Atomic Energy Commission has inaugurated a one*yoar fellowship training program for industrial hygienists, starting in the fall of 1952. If qualified candidates can be obtained, up to four will be selected. The stipend will be $1,500 per annum if single, with additional allowances for wife and children. The Commission will not be obligated to provide the applicant with employment upon completing the training, nor will the appli cant be obligated to seek employment with the Commission. All candidates would be required to have a security investigation. Applicants must have a degree in engineering (preferably chemical), chemistry or physics. Appli cation blanks may be obtained from Mr. Eisenbud, New York Operations Office, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box 30, Ansonia Station, New York 23, N. Y. 603 Knudsen Award to Dr, Burnell. The Industrial Medical Association presented its 14th Annual Knudsen Award to Dr. Max R. Burnell of Detroit, Michigan, Medical Director of the General Motors Corporation, at the recent Industrial Health Conference. 03119313 HMBB-00M507 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 June, 1952 in Cincinnati. The award is given for the year's outstanding contribution to industrial medicine. Dr. Burnell was cited for the part he played in General Motors' contribution of over $1,500,000 to the University of Michigan for the establishment of the Institute of Industrial Health. 604n Dr. Greenburg Wins Cummings Award. Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Director of the Division of Industrial Hygiene and Labor Standards, New York State Department of Labor, was presented the Cummings Award, highest honor of the American Industrial Hygiene Association, at the Industrial Health Conference in April at Cincin '73 nati. Dr. Greenburg was selected for the award because of his "great work on the medical, engineering, and administrative aspects of industrial hygiene. " The Strongest Loyalty. The motivating effect of loyalty was discovered by Army psychologists during the last war. They learned that in battle a man's motivations are stripped away, one by one, until a hard core, trans"^'cending patriotism, hatred of the enemy, or personal pride, is reached, r- ' q This hard core, the Army says, is loyalty to a particular individual- officer or a buddy--or to the men in the platoon. When nothing else _^^is left, a soldier will still fight and face death rather than suffer the feeling that he let "the other guys" down. .< _ The executive who really gets results shows a personal interest 2^?in the people working under him and makes them feel secure. Their ~^loyalty to him makes them want to take responsibility rather than let him carry the whole load. He enables them to see the opportunities ` j'ahead, and as a result key men give completely of themselves in making ^C-reality out of possibilities. " --D. H. Sunderlin. in Supervision, Sept., 1951 7=51 03119314 Industrial Hygiene Digest -3 June, 1952 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE STATISTICS Occupational Disease Statistics. Conn. * May 1952 Ind. 1 May 1952 Mich. ^ April 1952 1 Wise. April 1952 Total Allergy Asbestosis (Dust-asbestos) Bronchitis (Acids) Burns Carbon monoxide poisoning Chlorine gas poisoning Dermatitis Hernia Lead poisoning Lymphangitis Miscellaneous Miscellaneous (Caisson disease) Nitroglycerin poisoning Pneumoconiosis Poisoning (Lead and compounds) Silicosis Silicosis (Dust-Free Silica) Silico- Tuberculosis Skin Infection Skin Irritation Upper respiratory infections Total 1 1 87* 1 1 -- 91 16** 19 2 19 15 1 10 -- -- 18 55 66 1 1 22 11 11 35 157 2 11 1l 22 19 11 6 1 11 1 11 55 44 22 62 226 1 . Occupational disease cases reported to the Board of Health. * Abnormalities of Humidity, Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, Dust-inorganic, Dust-metals and compounds, Friction, tension and repeated motion, Infection, Lead and compounds, and Synthetic resins and chemicals caused one each; Phenol and phenoliccompounds,. and Poisonous plants caused two each; Alkalies caused three; Chromium and compounds. Oil and solvent {combination exposure), and Soap solutions, glue, etc. caused four each; SolventsfN. O. C.) caused nine; Nitro and amino com pounds caused nineteen; and Oils, fats and waxes caused thirty-two. ** Leather, Penicillin, and Wood caused one each; Oil and Rubber caused two each; Mica caused three; and Synthetic resins caused six. 03119315 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4 June, 1952 60S *fI0fl-8eflH LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS Industrial Hygiene. Supplement to Regulations of the West Virginia Board ` ' of Health, Chapter 6. 8 pp. (1952), The regulations published here were adopted by the West Virginia Board of Health in December and become effective July 1, 1952. They include the general rule that employees shall not be exposed to atmospheric ~ .t contaminants in concentrations hazardous to health, and specify the usual ^ methods of avoiding such exposure. Threshold limit values for about 100 V-L contaminants are given in an appendix as a guide in evaluation and control. "Z^Other subjects covered are protection from infectious or skin irritating agents, illumination, housekeeping, sanitation, and other physical conditions. -^General specifications for local exhaust ventilation and personal protective O'equipment are given. It is recognized that the threshold limit values are L^subject to revision, and interested and responsible parties are asked to con* j--'tact the Board of Health to ascertain the most recently accepted values. 607 Molder Struck by Flying Piece of Machinery--Causal Connection Between Accident and Tuberculosis and Silicosis --Findings of Fact--Substantial "^Evidence Test. The Board's finding of fact and resulting award will be reversed V^where there is no substantial evidence to support them. Here, the Board ^^jiad after extended litigation covering a period of years accepted the '''"'^claimant's contention that a silicotic and tubercular condition was the 2;TFesult of a 1943 industrial accident although the weight of the medical "j7^estimony was clearly contradictory to such a finding. Upon a rationality LLreview of the evidence the lower court's judgment reversing the Board ^^and dismissing the claim is affirmed. Substantial evidence means such '^Ljfevidence as reasonable minds might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Matter of Kopec v. Buffalo Brake Beam-Acme Steel & c Malleable Iron Works. , New York Court of Appeals. April 17, 1952.--GCH gAsbestosis--Total Disability--Higher Wage Earned as Policeman than Lljfcarned in Prior Employment--Statute Construed. '' The occupational disease statute is construed as entitling an /^fgimpl oyee to total disability compensation where the employee is disabled f--ajnd incapacitated as a result of asbestosis from performing normal labor J in the last occupation in which remuneratively employed although he is subsequently able to earn a greater wage as a policeman than he did in his last occupation. Honeycutt v. Carolina Asbestos Company, N.C. Supreme Court. No. 523. April 30, 1952. --CCH 03118316 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 June , 1952 609 Silicosis--Statute of Limitations - -Notice of Disease from Medical Authority--Proof of Disability. A claim for disability based upon the occupational disease of silicosis which was filed in 1949 was not barred by the statute of limitations although the employment terminated in 1944 where the evidence showed that the claimant was not informed by medical authority of his affliction until 1949 and where the disability occurred within two years of the termination of the employment. Non-medical testimony is admissible to show the claimant was disabled where the presence of the disease is shown by medi cal testimony. Singleton v. D. T. Vance Mica Co. , N ,C. Supreme Court. No. 239. March 26, 1952. -- CCH 610 Death Benefits - -Silicosis - - Effect of Amendment Changing the Time Following Last Exposure in which Death must Occur. The dependents of an employee who was last exposed to silica dust in 1942, and died from silicosis in 1948, are not entitled to death benefits by virtue of a 1945 amendment to the Act changing the time following the last exposure in which death must occur from two years to eight years, The amendment has no retroactive effect and therefore the claimant's cause of action matured two years after the last exposure which preceded the date of the amending provision. State ex rel, Bessler v. Industrial Commission of Ohio, Ohio Supreme Court. No. 32,7 68. April 2, 1952. -- CCH BOOKS, PAMPHLETS AND NOTICES Poisoning. A Guide to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment. W. E. von Oettingen. P. B. Hoeber, Inc. , Med. Dept, of Harper Bros.,49 E. 33rd St. New York 1 6, N. Y. , 524 pp. $10.00 (1952). The unique arrangement of the book is designed to save the physician's time. In the first main section, on clinical and laboratory diagnosis, signs and symptoms are classified by body systems and dis cussed one by one as they present themselves in the course of a clinical examination: and laboratory tests for numerous poisons in the body are described. Under each sign or symptom the physician will find a list of toxicants which may be responsible for the change he has observed. The largest section of the book then offers an alphabetical index of 461 poisons. Under each poison is a concise synopsis of the clinical picture and the treatment required. An introduction deals briefly with classifi cation and diagnosis of poisoning, medico-legal responsibilities, and emergency measures and equipment. Another chapter discusses-manage ment of the patient, including removal and detoxification of the offending substance, and symptomatic treatment. -- FFR - 03119317 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 June, 1952 Engineering in Public Health. H. E. Babbitt. Civil Engineering Series, McGraw-Hill Book Co., '0 \`J. 42nd St, , N. Y. 36,N.Y.,582 pp. $8.00(1 952). This book emphasizes the breadth of knowledge required by the engineer in public health, showing that it entails a knowledge of civil and mechanical engineering, as well as the specialized knowledge required in control of environment. Early chapters are devoted to an introduction to the entire field of public health work. Diseases and their control are dis cussed with emphasis on the duties of the engineer. Food, milk, water, sewage and other wastes, animals and other factors in causingand con veying disease are discussed in detail. Ventilation and heating, light, sound and odor, sanitation of city air, industrial hygiene and air disinfection, are each given a chapter which includes up-to-date knowledge of the subjects. Other chapters are devoted to phases of public sanitation. The final chapter discusses sanitary engineering in disasters, in time of peace and in atomic warfare. - - FFR -> >1-T^ Air Pollution and Smoke Prevention Association of America, Inc. , Proceedings, 44th Annual Convention, Roanoke, Va. (1951) Available through Association, Meuon institute, -i4uu rntn Ave. , i^gtv. 1 3, Pa. The papers presented at this convention and the discussion fol lowing are published in this report. They include: High Temperature Gas Cleaning, by J, M. Kane: Achieving Good Combustion in Incinerators, by J. K. Blum; Economics of Fly Ash Collection, by G. A. Gallaer; Appli cation of Electrical Precipitation Equipment, by L. M. Roberts and C. E. Weaver: Engineering, Not Emotion, Will Correct the Smoke Problem, by A. L. Brown: Consulting Service for Small Plants,, by E. C. Payne; '^>5; Factors Affecting Dust Emission from Boiler Furnaces, by E. R. Kaiser: Controlling Fluoride Emissions from Acidulation of Phosphate Rock, by <^_A. B. Pettit: Smelter Fume Control, by J. P. Jenny; Air Pollution Abate'''Y.ment Activities, by R. F. Schultz; The Atmospheric Concentrations of ^'^Sulfur Dioxide in St. Louis, by J, J. Schueneman {see IHF abstract 107, 2723 Jan. 1951); Automatic Instruments for Air Pollution Measurements, by W. C. L. Hemeon; Instrumentation for the Recording of Air Pollution "^.-Levels, by S. R. Hall; Recent Identification of Atmospheric Contaminants the Los Angeles Basin, by G. P, Larson (see IHF abstracts 1303 and "1 304, Dec. 1951): Supply of Solid Fuels in Defense Emergency, by C. W. - cConnor; What a Power Plant Stack is Required to Do, by E. L. Wolf; Studies of Stack Discharge under Various Conditions, by W. F. Davidson; - 2and Design of a Large Modern Stack, by C, V. Williamson. Panel dis;2'Gpcussions were also held on railroad smoke abatement programs, and - "handling of air pollution complaints. 03119318 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 June, 195Z NWBB-0fll*512 INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL PRACTICE ---1 614 "" ,c_n Correlation of the Occupational and Environmental History with the Clinical Findings. R. F. Schneider. Med. Bull. (Stand. Oil N.J.) 12, 207-214 (April, 1952). An important part of the work of the modern industrial physician is the investigation of the occupational histories of individuals and their correlation with clinical findings. In the field of accidents, this task is simple, except the study of the accident-prone worker. It is also com paratively simple where the exposures and the toxicity of the materials /1' in the environment are known. However, the correlation is much more 55 involved and time consuming when the type of exposure is unknown or when the toxicity of known materials has not been established. A group of cases is described in which the usual physical and laboratory examinations gave no evidence of lead poisoning, but more elaborate tests showed in creased lead absorption which would have led to clinical intoxication if not detected. Another case concerns an office worker who was found on thorough examination to have a myeofibrpsis of the bone marrow which was traced to occasional exposure to benzene which he did not mention or realize in the routine examination. The health of executives and office workers should be studied carefully, not only on account of exposures like that just mentioned, but also in regard to psychosomatic conditions arising from mental strain and changes of jobs and responsibilities. The first physical examination should be thorough, including a complete occupational history. Subsequent changes of jobs or environment should be recorded in addition to the results of the first examination. -1:615 Constructive Medicine. V. D. L. Schrader and F. F. Albornoz. Med. Bull. (Stand. Oil N. J.) 12, 235^256 (April, 1952). [H5n The authors define constructive medicine as follows: "The application to the individual of medical science as a whole which, by carrying out complete studies, brings to light the presence of disease in its potential stage, diagnoses the incipient or fully developed conditions and carries out treatments with the object of obtaining an optimun health condition; maintaining this through permanent medical supervision so as to prevent the appearance of,or stop, or slow down the evolution of degenerative diseases, and consequently increasing the individual's capacity to work and prolonging his intellectual and physical life. " Principles and practice of constructive medicine are discussed. The program described is being conducted on a small development scale by branches of the Esso Medical Department. 03119319 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 8 June, 1952 HHB8-U014513 616 Relationships between industrial and Private Physicians. Code of Ethics. Lake County (Indiana) Medical Society, Ind. Med. & Surg. 21, 243-244 {May, 1952). --^ GT; ___ h " ^ This suggested code covers the respective duties of the industrial physician and the private practitioner in connection with pre-employment examinations, occupational diseases and injuries, health supervisory pro grams, medical testimony before the State Industrial Board, and related subjects. 3 6k2^ First Aid Guide for the Small Plant. The Detroit Plan Manual. Detroit Ind, i First Aid Advisory Committee. Ind. Med. & Surg. 21, 229-242 (:May,1952) The guide designed by the Detroit Industrial First Aid Advisory 3 Committee is reproduced here in full. The outline is based on the American Red Cross "First Aid Instructor's Manual" with changes made where a different first aid procedure is indicated for industry. It is the basis of a course taught by the Adult Education Department of the Detroit Public Schools. All phases of first aid work are presented in outline form with illustration. It includes not only first aid for injuries, but also deals with common medical emergencies, miscellaneous medical conditions {boils, colds, hernia, toothache, simple headache), effects of excessive heat, poisons and civil disaster. 6Industrial Sickness Absenteeism, First Two Quarters, 1951. ^JW. M. Gafafer. Pub. Health Repts. 67, 450 (May, 1952). A review of the respiratory group of diseases by corresponding '-'^quarters for 10 years, 1942-51, show's the 1951 first- quarter rate 15% o.^Dabove its 10-year mean and the second-quarter rate 8% below its mean. _--jThe absenteeism rate for all diseases for the first quarter of 1951 is 2'C] 168.4 absences per 1000 male workers, representing a 29% increase -r~~j.over 1950. The increase in respiratory diseases is largely responsible <<Q{for the difference. The rate for the second quarter for all diseases is ^about the same in 1950 and 1951, Data for classes of diseases and indusc ctries are tabulated. 6l^^fclinical Ballistocardiography. Value and Limitations of the Portable - -Ballistocardiograph in the Detection of Heart Disease. S. C. Franco. PInd. Med. & Surg. 21, 197-205 (May, 1952). |-j In the presence of cardiovascular disease, nearly 90% of the tracings may.be abnormal. However, the presence of an abnormal tracing is not cause for acute alarm, because such tracings occur in persons 03119320 HMHB-OOlVjKt industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 June, 1952 45 to 50 years of age, especially in those who are overweight. The com bination of an abnormal ballistocardiogram and an abnormal exercise test is an indication for definite health counseling including weight reduction. -- Cond. from Author's Summary --'i 620 A Comparison of Working and hfcnworking Cardiac Patients. " " L. J. Goldwater h. H. Bronstein, Beatrice Kresky et al. c_. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 485,489 (May, 1952). In a group of 580 cardiac clinic patients whose cardiac lesions had been present from 5 to 15 years, 81% continued working and 19% stopped work permanently after heart disease was diagnosed. The indi viduals who did not work were considerably older and had had heart disease for a shorter period than those who continued working. A ma5ority of this group has been employed as domestics or unskilled laborers, and some of them might have continued working if their occupations had been in keeping with their cardiac capacity. The functional capacity of the heart at the time of diagnosis was diminished to a greater extent in the nonworking than in the working group. Observations on a number of factors led to the conclusion that there is no evidence that continued employment ' has an adverse effect on the course of heart disease. -- Cond. from Authors' Summary 621 Comments on Death and Resuscitation after Electric Shock in New Zealand. T. O. Garland. New Zealand Med. J. 50, 579-584 (Dec. 1951) Numerous cases are cited from various reports, in which electric shock victims were revived by artificial respiration. In one case 8 hours were required; in the others the maximum was 90 minutes. A fatal shock does not always produce death or even unconsciousness immediately. The author believes it is possible that a man who is able to talk and then vomits and becomes unconscious is the victim of a heat stroke caused by resistance of the tissues, with paralysis of the respiratory center. When electric shock acts directly on the heart it may produce fibrillation or complete arrest. Stopping of the heart beat does not necessarily indicate death. It is advisable to continue artificial respiration two hours after all signs of life have ceased. It would add to our knowledge if an electrocardiogram were taken in any case of apparent death from electric shock when the patient is admitted to the hospital. -- Cond. from J. Am. Med. Assn. 03119321 A Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 June, 1952 622 The Influence of Heat and Nutrition on Fatigue in Industry. JL. nrouna. Am. Acad. Occ. Med., Proc. 3rd Ann. Mtg. 63-74 (1951). The author first shows the effect of work on oxygen consumption and on the pulse rate, with the aid of a number of charts. The marked effect of environmental temperature on the pulse rate during work is shown in another chart. The results point to the need of ventilation, rest periods, v--. arranging the work in relation to the shift, and mechanization of jobs. The effect of vitamins is next discussed. It has been shown that adequate vita min B supply is essential in hard work, and that a large supply of vitamin 2^ C is beneficial. Finally, salt loss is considered. The author does not advocate the use of salt tablets, but rather the addition of plenty of salt to ~r_~r2 the food, and has found that practice successful. 62&^ Influenza - Virus Vaccination in Industry. C. F. Yeager. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 365-367 (April, 1952). 05 ~ An outbreak of respiratory infection resembling clinical influenza n was observed in late February and March, 1951, among workers at the Remington Arms Company, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Reports from other - 'industries in Bridgeport indicated similar observations, and there was an exceptionally high incidence of absenteeism. If it can be presumed, in the absence of a laboratory diagnosis designating the specific virus, that the outbreak was due to the A-prime --^influenza virus as was found in other communities during this period, the i^kiresults obtained in this series of cases strongly indicate that the subcutane- Lj^jous injection of 1 cc. of influenza virus vaccine containing 22.22% FM-1 -2?^significantly reduced the incidence and exerted a striking protective effect "against the disease. .<C! = - - Author's Summary 62i4ir:r|Occupational Injuries of the Eye and Their Treatment: Medications. B. Matthew. J, Internat. Coll. Surgeons 17, 187 (Feb., 1952). Matthew outlines the experience he has had in the treatment of '-.occupational ocular injuries, with emphasis on the fact that when surgical ^ ^treatment is necessary it should be handled by the simplest possible p=7technique. one that requires a minimum of manipulation, either of the rcrreye or of its adnexa. Similarly, that form of medication should be used Q.^Vhich is mildest and gives the patient as little discomfort as possible. jTwo lists of drugs are given, one containing the medications preferred by the author and the other made up of alternative but less applicable pre>arations. The dangers associated with conjunctival allergic reactions to -Certain drugs are pointed out. ~ Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 03119322 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 June, 1952 H W B fM IU lV jU 625 Problems of Asthma in Industry. W, C, Spain and V. J. Fontana. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 478-484 (May, 1952). --db, There is no difference between industrial and nonoccupational asthma, except in its origin. Industrial types of occupational asthma may be classified according to etiology: (1) from inhaled substances, such as dusts, foods with allergenic odors, and. chemical fumes or gas (the most common type); (2) from ingested foods; (3) from substances absorbed through the unbroken skin; (4) from infection, often a secondary factor. The workers most often subject to the industrial hazard of bronchial asthma are furriers, hat makers, rag sorters, barbers, workers in beauty shops, and groups who work with grains and grain dusts, such as bakers and millers. Asthma in these groups is discussed, and many other occupations involving exposure are listed-. Diagnosis depends largely on a carefully obtained and complete history. The diagnostic skin-testing procedure should be employed to verify suspected factors aqd to search out undetermined causes. Drugs, dyes, chemicals, fumes, or odprs do not lend themselves to this procedure. In specific treatment, the most important step is to break the contact between the patient apd the specific causes established by diagnosis. This includes ventilation, isolation of the process, air-conditioning and exhaust systems, wet methods, and the use of protective masks if other methods fail. Methods of immunization are rarely successful. Nonspecific or symptomatic treatment of occupational asthma differs in no way from that of other types. A number of methods are mentioned. The use of steroid hormones, cortisone, and ACTH, sometimes gives dramatic relief. Personality Appraisal of the Injured. H. Monheirner. Ind. Med. & Surg. 2J_, 206-212 (May, 1952). A number of cases of personality disorders, such as narcissism, dependency, aggression, and anxiety, are discussed, with results of treatment and suggestions for similar cases. "Effective therapeutic efforts to promote recovery and restoration of normal functioning require a type of management based on a competent understanding of the psycho logical as well as the physical factors. " \r- =71 '1^627 The Physician in Industry and the "Alcoholic" Worker. L. J. Wade. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 368-374 (April, 1952). r. ;] Most industries are probably unaware of the magnitude and the cost of the problems among their "alcoholic" employees. The evaluation and treatment of such workmen is primarily a medical problem, which should be approached in the same calm, unbiased, and helpful manner as any other health problem. On the basis of a careful medical evaluation, guidance can be provided to both employee and management in the handling of individual problems. Each medical department in industry should acquaint itself with the local resources for dealing with the problem. - - Author's Summary NHBB-0BU517 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 June, 1952 628 Patissier's Occupational Diseases. F. Ronchese. ^^Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. M$d. 5, 347-353 (April, 1952), The author reviews a 493-page book on occupational diseases, published by P. Patissier in 1822. It includes large portions of the text ^:of Ramazzini's "De Morbis artificium diatriba" with additional material rzr^based on Patissier's observations. SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS 62<9)rhe Therapeutic Management of Qccuaptional Dermatitis. -^Frances Pascher, Am. Acad. Occ. Med.,Proc. 3rd Ann. Mtg.45-50(1951) 0) _ --^ The author first discusses prevention by protective clothing and .r^barrier creams, proper methods of cleansing the skin, and the immuno- -^Flogical approach. In therapy, a cardinal principle is that the more severe the eruption, the milder should be the treatment. Complex prescriptions and potent sensitizers should be avoided. Patients should be instructed carefully in methods of applying the treatment. Formulas for remedies for __ various forms of dermatitis are recommended, and cases are described. ( 3jj>jgrhe rapeutic Dermatitis. C. G. Lane. -^ew Engl. J. Med. 246, 77-81 (Jan. 17, 1952). ^ es Therapeutic or overtreatment dermatitis is becoming a major LLproblem. It is.generally due to sensitization. Sulfonamides and mercury Xc^ave been responsible for a number of such cases, but they are now less ---frequently used for local application. Skin that has been injured is more .-^sensitive than normal skin, and agents or vehicles that alter the normal ^-ipH of the skin change or remove the lipoid coating, damage the horny layer or react with each other may enchance the sensitization. Many cases of _fj}vy poisoning, athlete's foot, (and industrial dermatitis), have been made -TLworse by treatment. The first factor in treatment is identification and ^Elimination of the causal chemicals. A fixed formula often fails, and it is ----- essential to consider the age and type of skin, the location, the severity of manifestations, and previous applications. -- Cond. from J. Am. Med. Assn. M 03119324 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 June, 1952 631 Dermatitis Caused by Organic Compounds in Shower Water Supply. G. M. Hama. Occ. Health U_, 73 (May, 1952). {USPHS) Cases of dermatitis in. an industrial plant were traced to a shower in which live steam was mixed with cold water. It was found that a number of salts and some organic material, including cyclohexamine, had been introduced into the boiler, and cyclohexamine, a skin irritant, was found in the shower water. The condition was corrected by using an indirect steam coil hot water tank. . _ ^ i 632 Chrome Ulcers of the Skin and Nasal Septum and Their Relation to Patch Testing. Walter F, Edmunds on. J. Invest. Dermatol. 17, 17-19 (1951). Of 285 workers in a chrome ore-processing plant, 69. 5% had chrome ulcers or scars, and 61.4 ^perforated septa; there seems to be a direct relationship between severity of exposure to chromate dusts and the rate of attack upon the septum. Patch tests showed no evidence that chrome ulcers or perforated septa have a tendency to sensitize the individ ual to potassium dichromate. -- Chem. Absts. 633 Industrial Dermatitis Due to Contact with Brass. G. E. Morris. New Engl. J. Med. 246, 366-368 {March 6, 1952). Five cases of dermatitis from contact with brass are reported as the first instances of such a condition. The source was confirmed by patch tests, using carefully cleaned brass, also copper and zinc. The reaction to copper was positive in all cases, and positive to zinc in one case. The dermatologist should consider brass as a cause of some of the unusual dermatoses. Eczema of the Hands. F. E. Gormia. Canad. Med. Assn. J. 66, 451-457 (May, 1952). The author discusses the diagnosis and treatment of dermatoses of the hands, on the basis of the study of 150 patients. A classification of types of eczemai of the hands is presented, including as one class contact dermatitis, both from hypersensitivity and from chemical irritation. The author considers the diagnosis of pontact dermatitis simpler than some of the others, which may present a complex interplay of etiologic factors. 03119325 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 June, 1952 HWBB-HHl'iSH CHEMICAL HAZARDS 655' Carbon Monoxide. Data Sheet D-Gen. 50. National Safety Council, v-- Nat. Safety News <i5, 40-41, 130-136 (May, 1952). This datasheet concerns carbon monoxide as a poison only. The phy siolog ical ef fe cts' and symptoms are described. The industries in ^ which greatest exposure occurs are listed. Protection includes: (l)pre:--=z vention of formation of the gas; (2) destruction of the gas as it is generated; and (3) use of protective equipment for workers. The concentration of carbon monoxide should never exceed 100 ppm for an eight-hour exposure, or 400 ppm for a one-hour exposure, in an atmosphere containing at least 1--' 19 % of oxygen. Monitoring devices are available and should be installed where carbon monoxide production is variable and likely to become excesd^sive. Selection of suitable gas masks is important. First aid includes r -'''artificial respiration, inhalation of oxygen, removal to fresh air, and rest until the arrival of a physician. First-aid rooms should be equipped for - -blood testing. Education of employees is important. 636 The Health Hazards of Carbon Monoxide. H. LL Williams. Penna. Dept, of Health, Bur. of Ind. Hyg. , Harrisburg, Pa, 4 pp. (1952). Carbon monoxide is a hazard in many industries and in the home, garage. and on the streets. Its physiological action is described briefly. The principal means of prevention of exposure is adequate exhaust ventila-<L:tion. Brief directions for first aid are given (see preceding abstract). A -^zjlist of occupations in which exposure may occur is included. 633--^Nitrite and Thiosulfate Therapy in Cyanide Poisoning, K. K. Chen and C. L. Rose. J. Am. Med. Assn. 149, 113-119 (May 10, 1952). ,, ,, Experiments on dogs show that amyl or sodium nitrite and sodium rp=^thiosulfate have a potentiating action in detoxifying cyanides. The mechan- rr; ism depends on (1) the successful competition for cyanide ions by methemo- o.^globin with the respiratory enzyme, ferrocytochrome oxidase, and (2) the reconversion of cyanide to thiocyanate. Results of clinical trials substantiate ^ the efficacy of the nitrite and thiosulfate therapy in cyanide poisoning. s^pySuccsssful treatment in 16 cases is reported. To date this method of treat- _--_ment has been used in a total of 44 cases, with 43 recoveries. The mor- L---- Jtality statistics of cyanide poisoning in the continental United States, New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, have been reviewed. The incidence is decreasing. -- Authors' Summary 03119326 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15 June, 1952 638 Phosphorus Sesquisulfide Poisoning. J. F. Burgess Canad. Med. Assn. J. 65, 567-568 (1951). Two cases of poisoning attributable to the use of friction matches are described. The toxic reaction is considered to be due to the inhalation of incomplete oxidation forms of phosphorus. -- Chem. Absts. 639 Toxicity of Sulfuric Acid Mist to Guinea Pigs. Mary O. Amdur, R. Z. Schulz, and Philip Drinker. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 318-329 (April, 1952). Guinea pigs were exposed to sulfuric acid mist for periods of from 8 to 72 hours. In the eight-hour exposures for animals a year and a half old the LDjq was 50 mg. per cu. m. and LDq was 20 mg. per cu. m. For animals 1 to 2 months old the figures were 18 and 8 mg. per cu. m. respectively. For exposures extended to 72 hours, the mortality did not increase with time when the concentration was below the LDjq level of 18 mg. per cu. m. Sulfuric acid mist has two distinct toxic actions: it produces laryngeal spasms and also causes deep-seated damage of the lungs. The first action depends upon the concentration of the acid much more than on the time of exposure. The severity of the lung damage is dependent on total dosage rather than on concentration alone. The lung damage is observed as long as a month after exposure. -- Cond. frcm Authors' Summary Diffuse Pulmonary Granulomatosis in Young Women Following Exposure to Beryllium Compounds in the Manufacture of Radio Tubes. Further Observations and Report of Nine Additional Cases. P. Slavin. Am. Rev. Tuberc. 65, 142-158 (1952). . 'I The author has previously reported a number of cases of beryl lium granulomatosis (see IHF Abst. 103, Jan. 1950). In this paper he reports 9 additional cases with postmortem examinations in 4 cases. Additional details of exposure are given. 03 The Health Hazards of Cadmium. E. J. Baier. Penna. Dept, of Health, Bur. of Ind. Hyg., Harrisburg, Pa., 3 pp. (1952). The use of cadmium in industry and its toxic effects are dis cussed briefly. Preventive measures, including plant surveys and medi cal examinations, are recommended. A list of occupations which may offer exposure to cadmium and its compounds is presented. o 03119327 H U B B -m m ')? ! Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 June, 1952 642 Ammonium Dichromate. Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-45. , Manufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc., 246 Woodward Bldg., 15th ' and H Sts. , N. W. , Washington 5, D. C. 12 pp. (1952). 25 cents. Ammonium dichromate is classed as a flammable solid. It decomposes at elevated temperatures, with self-sustaining decomposition at 22 5 C. It will ignite if exposed to open flames or sparks, even at ordi nary temperatures. In solution it may react slowly with certain organic materials; it can attack and weaken wool fibers. Its action on the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and the respiratory system and its effect when ingested are much the same as those of chromic acid (see IHF Abst. 519, May 1951), This data sheet gives full directions for handling and storage, use of protective equipment, control of health hazards, and first aid >--1 measures. Ammonium dichromate can be handled safely if these directions are followed. 64The Prophylactic and Curative Action of BAL in Experimental Chrome 3'Ulcers. G. Farris and V. Sicca. Rass. med. ind. 20, 169-182 j=r~(March - June 1951). Italian. BAL was chosen as an antidote of blister gas because it can fix the harmful arsenic compounds before they can combine with the tissue protein. It is hoped, therefore, that by an analogous action BAL will fix chromic acid and its derivatives before they can produce chrome ulcers. v^^By a series of experiments on rabbits and on volunteers, described in this ,L~RaPer> the authors have been led to recommend a barrier cream of the ^xivater-insoluble type, with BAL added, for use by workmen who are exposed j=Tto the risk of chrome ulceration. -- Bull. Hyg. 64.4M2.Frequency and Types of Lead Poisoning in Neapolitan Industry. - -F. Iafanti. Folia Med. 34, 495-501 (1951) Italian. The incidence of intoxication during 3 years was 7. 1 per 1000. C^pThe symptoms were anemia, gastrointestinal disturbances with colic, neuropsychic reactions, various types of arteriosclerosis, and kidney c ^disorders. Inability to work varied from 1 to 7 months. Treatment con'S-^sisted in vitamins, hypotensor substances, nicotinic acid, and often in ^administration of BAL. The latter seems to be quite efficacious. - - Chem. Absts. 03119328 HWBB-Him )1?? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17 June, 1952 645 Riveters on Railroad Bridge Exposed to Lead Fumes. W, E. Park. Occ. Health (USPHS) 12, 66, 78-79 (May, 1952). Riveters working on a railroad bridge were found to be exposed to lead fumes with a concentration of 8.2 mg. lead per cu. m. , the allow able limit being 0. 15 mg. per cu. m. Although the work was outdoors, the men were working in a confined space open only at the bottom. The lead came from the paint on the beams, which was burned off for about an inch on each rivet. No clinical studies were made, but a case of lead poisoning had occurred under similar circumstances. Respirators were impracticable in cold weather because of frosting. Portable blowers supplying heated air were recommended. Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Studies in Experimental Osmium Poisoning. A. Masturzo. Folia med. 34, 27-41 (1951) Italian. Osmium poisoning produced by inhalation of osmium tetroxide causes normochromic anemia in guinea pigs and is shown principally by the lowering of the erythrocyte count and an increased activity of the bone marrow during the intoxication. Extensive data on blood and bone-marrow analyses are presented. --Chem. Absts. 647 Asthma and Dermatitis Caused by Chloroplatinic Acid. J. Marshall. S. African Med. J. 26, 8-9 (1952) . Chloroplatinic acid caused respiratory and cutaneous symptoms in a person in daily contact with the acid. -- Chem. Absts. Experimental Investigation into the Toxic Action of Cyclohexanone. C. Ceresa and C. Grazioli. Med. lavoro 42^ 253-257 (Aug.-Sept. 1951) Italian with English summary. Cyclohexanone (C^Hi(p)is used widely as a solvent in the manu facture of synthetic rubber and plastics and in other industries. Experi ments have been carried out on guinea pigs to investigate its toxicity. Eight guinea pigs injected subcutaneously with 0,75 g. per kg. body weight died in 8 to 40 hours, with severe digestive disturbances. Six other guinea pigs given subcutaneous injections progressively increasing from 0.01 to 0.05 g. per kg. over a period of 80 to 10Q days showed a hyperchromic type of anemia with a number of degenerative changes. Appropriate safe guards, therefore, are necessary against the risk of poisoning by this chemical wherever it is used in industry. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. 03119329 HMBB-BU14523 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 18 June, 1952 649 Chronic Exposure to Nitroglycerin. Queries and. Minor Notes. J, Am. Med. Assn. 149, 315 (May 17, 1952). A brief note calls attention to the possible irritant effect of nitro glycerin on the skin, as well as systemic effects that may be caused by skin absorption. It can work under the nails and explode there. 6S0 _ An Unusual Case of Lower-Nephron Nephrosis Following Exposure to - Carbon Tetrachloride. R. C. Partenheimer, W. J. Boyer, and @ D. S. Citron. New Engl. J. Med. 246, 325-328 (1952), A seaman who had spent approximately two hours in a small enclosed room cleaning a generator with carbon tetrachloride sprayed from a 5-gallon can developed acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning followed by lower-nephron nephrosis. He had ingested whiskey immediately before rM and after the exposure. The oliguric phase of the poisoning was accompanied by rising nortprotein nitrogen (of the serum), acidosis, and rising serum potassium (indicated by serum electrocardiographic changes). The specific 'S3 gravity of the urine was high during the oliguric phase, and lower during the diuretic phase. The hyperkalemia was controlled by gastric lavage. The peak value of nonprotein nitrogen was 500 mg. per cc. , a level exceeding that of any nonfatal case of lower-nephron nephrosis known to the authors. Recovery occurred within about two months after poisoning. -- Ghem. Absts. -- r--1 65jg>~Polymer-Fume Fever. D. K. Harris. .--Jhancet 261 , 1008-1011 (Dec. 1, 1951). C<C- A brief description is given of polytetrafluroethylene, a new polymer 2l^with unusual properties and capable of producing a toxic fume at high tern* %^peratures (above 300C.). Inhalation of this fume produces clinical features - -- closely resembling those of metal-fume fever. Two cases in Britain are ^-Tjdescribed, and two cases in America are noted. Exposure of rats to the MjhJ'vapor of the polymer caused respiratory irritation and subsequent pulmonary hemorrhage, which were confirmed histologically. Investigations so far -_~have failed to reveal the exact nature of the toxic substance. The minute '55amount of copper present does not explain the clinical findings. The con- ^^iitioh. can be prevented by adequate exhaust ventilation. Treatment ismain- 1 --iy symptomatic, but the administration of oxygen is recommended. ' -- Cond. from Author's Summary 03119330 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 June, 1952 652 Cutaneous Absorption of Phenol. M. V. Freeman, J. H. Draize, and Elsie Alvarez. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 38, 262-266 (Aug. 1951). Phenol is rapidly absorbed and excreted following topical appli cation. A single application of a 2.3% phenol in corn oil does not appear to affect the skin' s' ability to absorb phenol. Animals whose skin was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to a point of erythema and slight edema formation exhibited a retarded excretion of phenol. In the phenol-camphor and phenol-corn oil mixtures studied, urinary phenol values were in direct ratio to the phenol content of the respective mixtures. After treatment, 0^ animals with severely burned skin exhibited much higher values of urinary phenol than animals with intact skin, indicating a potential danger in the indiscriminate use of phenol compresses in severe burns. -- Authors' Summary 653 .0) Action of Dinitrophenol on the Organism at a Low Atmospheric Pressure. T. Terranova. Riv. ecol. 1, 279-289 (1950) Italian The effects are described of the subcutaneous injection of 1 cc. of dinitrophenol solution (0,1 cc. dinitrophenol, 18 cc. 1% potassium hydroxide, 100 cc. 1.7% sodium chloride, and 82 cc. water) on the respiration, body temperature, and resistance to hypoxia of 6 guinea pigs. Dinitrophenol acted unfavorably on the autonomic system regulating the reactivity to hypoxia. -- Chem. Absts. Chronic Oral Toxicity Tests of Methoxychlor in Rats and Dogs. H. C. Hodge, E. A. Maynard, and H. J. Blanchet, Jr. J. Pharmacol. Exptl. Therap. 104, 60-66 (1952). Male and female rats were maintained on diets containing 0.0025, 0.02, and 0. 16%, respectively, of the compound for two years without ill effects except that the highest dosage slightly retarded growth. Dogs were fed 20 to 300 mg. per kg. per day without apparent ill effects or tissue damage. - - Chem. Absts. ;'0t55 S3 Poisonous Gases in a Plant Processing Scrap Aluminum. A Hunold. Chem. Ztg. 75, 146-147 (1951) German. In a Berlin plant processing scrap aluminum into pure aluminum, the dross gave off gases that smelled like ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. The melting process was conducted in a rotary furnace using oil from brown coal as fuel. The fluxing materials were sodium and potassium chlorides. Chemical analysis of the dross showed it to consist essentially t <*> 03119331 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 20 June, 1952 of aluminum and iron; also present in smaller amounts were copper, mag nesium, calcium, and manganese, chiefly as oxides. If the metal drosses are treated with hot water, or, as occurs in practice, the hot drosses are quenched with water, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are evolved. By the ~ - action of acidified water, acetylene and a small amount of phosphine are produced. Chemical proof of the formation of the gases was then established ___ - by treating the dross in experimental apparatus. A theoretical discussion - - is included. -- Chem. Absts. bS'ft?! Hazards from Thermal Decomposition of Motor-Insulating Materials. d?' J. Sendroy, J. D. O'Neal, and G. C. Pitts. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. ' " 5, 330-343 (April, 1952). Three electric motors, one insulated with phenolic resin CNSV, the other two with a plastic fluorocarbon polymer, PTFE, were tested under conditions simulating submarine operation. The chamber air was analyzed for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, also for phenol, formaldehyde, and ammonia in the CNSV test and for fluroide in the PTFE test. The extent of the carbon monoxide uptake of the blood was directly measured for rats and indirectly calculated for man. The following evalu ations were made; (1) at insulation temperatures over 150C. , maintained for periods of 96 hours, carbon monoxide is produced by CNSV-insulated motors in concentrations injurious to health; (2) insulation temperatures in excess of 250 C. maintained under similar conditions of operation of PTFE-insulated motors do not constitute a health hazard in respect to car bon monoxide production. However, the possibility of injury from fluorine containing gases, especially at 250a or above, is not ruled out by these tests, and no final or unequivocal conclusion as to the medical acceptability of this equipment operating under these conditions can be made at this time. Cond. from Authors' Summary ^ Studies on the Toxicity and Skin Effects of Compounds Used in the Rubber ~j- and Plastics Industries. F. S. Mallette and E. von Haam. Arch. Ind. 5j Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 311-317 (April, 1952). c c The industrial aspects and the important toxicological literature irP^of compounds used as accelerators, activators, and antioxidants in the -rubber industry are reviewed. Twelve compounds at present used widely the industry were studied toxicologically for their skin-irritating and - - skin-sensitizing properties. Wide ranges of toxicity, which could not be -.predicted by the chemical composition of the various compounds, were found by animal experiments. Skin tests showed that compounds of all F___^three groups were mild to severe skin irritants and that many compounds, 03119332 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 June, 1952 KHBB-O0H526 especially in the group of antioxidants, were moderately sensitizing. The results of these investigations do not measure industrial health hazard but point to the potentialities of these compounds and emphasize the importance of testing all new materials before they are introduced into the industry. Based on these data, industrial-hygiene studies can be directed toward determining the actual health hazard and designing controls therefor. 658 The Pathogenesis of Acute Renal Failure Associated with Traumatic and Toxic Injury: Renal Ischemia, Nephrotoxic Damage, and the Ischemuric Episode. Jean Oliver, Muriel MacDowell and Ann Tracy. J. Clin. Invest. W, 1307-1440 (Dec., 1951). o>: 0 is This paper presents a thorough study of acute renal failure caused by either trauma or toxic materials, with 23 full pages of photo micrographs. The toxic causes of abnormalities illustrated include mer cury, potassium chlorate, ethylene glycol, and sulfonamide. One of the principal conclusions is that the currently prevailing concept of a "kidney disease" with the unique pathological characteristics described as "lower nephron nephrosis" is not confirmed, but that there are several distinguish able types of damage. 659 Health Hazards of Electric Vaporizing Devices for Insecticides. Report of the A.M.. A. Committee on Pesticides. J. Am. Med. Assn. 149, 367-368 (May 24, 1952). Small smoke generators for insecticides are being widely mar keted by several manufacturers for home and industrial use, with the claim that they cause no health hazard. They employ DDT, lindane, or a mixture of both in an inert base. The Interdepartmental Committee on Pest Control has approved such devices for industrial use under definite specifications for preventing undue exposure. The committee cautioned against continuous exposure to the devices and advised against their use in homes and sleeping quarters. Since the issuance of this statement, the Committee on Pesticides has been advised of a number of reports of poisoning. A summary of the pertinent facts in several representative cases is presented. Most of them occurred in industrial establishments. One was a case of urticaria, in which the reaction was allergic, but the others involved systemic effects, although they ceased after termination of exposure. Few of the generators used have the protective devices that have been specified, and many do not even have thermostatic control. The continued operation of these genera tors violates accepted health practice and therefore they should be sup planted by more acceptable methods of pest control. 03U9333 HW BB-lilllW / Industrial Hygiene Digest - 22 June, 1952 6T0g Silicosis Encountered among Automobile Workers. I. D. Fagin and H. Balberor. J, Mich. Med. Soc. 50, 1248 (Nov., 1951). This is a report on 100 consecutive cases of silicosis involving 01 automobile workers in Detroit. About half the patients gave histories of mining exposure, but 79 received additional or sole exposure in some ----- 'i branch of the automobile industry, such as foundry shops, metal polishing 0 and finishing, grinding, and core-making. At the time of examination 37 of the 100 patients were still employed in what was probably a silica atmos phere. Ninety-one had nodulation indicating stages 1 or 2 of silicosis, but 0 it is possible that some patients with only foundry exposure may have siderosis rather than silicosis. The remaining patients presented massive fibrotic areas or pronounced coalescent nodulation and were classified as stage 3. Some of these patients had no symptoms or physical findings. Only 16 patients out of the 100 knew that they had silicosis before the examination. The roentgenograms of 20 patients were considered to be compatible with silicotuberculosis. Diagnosis, estimation of disability, and desirability of periodic examinations are discussed briefly. -- Cond. from Arch. Ind. Hyg. &Occ.Med. -A' Importance of Determination of Pulmonary Circulation Time and of 0 Venous Pressure in Silicotics. L.Parmeggiani, Med. lavoro 42 , 15, ^01 (Oct. , 1951). Italian. 0Li .'^0) In 59 silicotics, pulmonary-time circulation was repeatedly L"---j determined by means of ether and sodium dehydrochlorate. This research ^'^may give useful indications in a certain number of cases. Only pathologi- --~)jcal times are of significance, and permit one to control the evolution of singular cases. The time for total pulmonary circulation is modified in -the more advanced cases, with the establishment of heart insufficiency. 0 ^Determination of the time by means of ether i3 useful; its value depends r^Ti^both on the conditions of the pulmonary arterial circulation as well as on ---Jthe condition of the alveolar wall. In 14 silicotics, venous pressure was ;2'^jde ter mined with the method of Alestra and Ruffini. This research demands L ^accurate technical execution. Results depend on various factors, partly independent of endocardial pressure, and for this reason the research does <not give useful indications in the functional examination of silicotics. -- Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 03119334 HW BB-H0H528 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 3 June, 1952 662 Angiocardiopneumography in Pulmonary Silicosis. A. Nunziante Cesaro, P, Fazzi, M. Sossai, and E. Pozza. Med. lavoro 42^, 355 (Dec. 1951). Italian with English summary.. Angiocardiopneumographic studies made on 14 silicotics at various stages of evolution of the disease provided the following findings; scanty morphological changes and alterations of the blood vessels in the reticular stage; retarded circulation in the nodular stage, especially in the lungs which showed intense perihilar nodulation; retarded arterial circula tion and at times marked acceleration of the pulmonary arterial circulation due to abnormal arteriovenous anastomosis, in massive silicosis. The authors compare these data with the results of research revealing histo logical lesions of the pulmonary vessels, with a view to the interpretation of the pathology of the circulatory impairment above referred to. In con clusion the hypothesis is advanced that vascular lesions may constitute fundamental factors in causing respiratory impairment in silicotics. -- Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. The Angiopneumographic Study of the Silicotic Lung. O. Scarinci. Med. lavoro 42, 365 (Dec. 1951). Italian with English summary. In some cases of second- and third-stage silicosis the author has used the angiopneumographic method to show in vivo the organic vascular lesions, (mainly arterial) always present in silicotics, which exert an undoubted effect on hematosis, and also to demonstrate circulatory impair ment, permitting interpretation of functional clinical symptoms. In his opinion, in such cases angiopneumographic investigation may usefully serve to complete data furnished by other methods in the study of pulmon ary function. --Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. "z'S Determination of Androgens in the Urine of Silicotics. A. Raule and R. Grisler, Med. lavoro 42, 337 (Nov. 1951). Italian with English summary. The level of the neutral 17-ketosteroids excreted in the urine was determined in 41 cases of silicosis; in 23 cases hypoandrogenuria was found. According to the results of the Thorn test, in silicotics hypo androgenuria may be considered a symptom of adrenal cortex insufficiency. It may arise from specific causes, viz. , hypo-oxemia during effort, chronic fatigue, and perhaps a toxic action of silica. These causes would first stimulate and then depress the activity of the adrenal cortex. -- Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 03113335 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 June, 1952 665 Pathogenesis of Experimental Leucoencephalitis from Inhalation o.f Silica Dust. G. Gomirato-and'A. Masoero. Med. lavoro 42, 370 (Dec. 1951) Italian. - - The authors report findings in leucoencephalitis of rabbits result ing from inhalation of silica dust. They point out that their findings were n achieved in the case of groups of rabbits exposed to the dust during two - periods with an interval of one month's rest. On the other hand, no results ^ were obtained in the case of a control group subjected to uninterrupted J treatment. Other organs also, apart from the central nervous system, ^especially the liver and the spleen, showed a picture which differed in the case of the control group from that of animals subjected to two periods of treatment. The authors therefore interpret the disseminated leucoenceph- vCDialitis as of allergic origin, the disturbance taking the form of a diffuse ^reaction of the mesenchymal apparatus, which affects various organs (and ^Ahence also the central nervous system); this reaction is most evident in the arterial and venous capillary system. -;;A -- Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 66&,,Some Colloidal Properties of Inert Dusts. v^Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 375-385 F. Hounam. (April, 1952). Dye-adsorption and sedimentation experiments were conducted with various inert mineral dusts which are considered to give rise to silicosis or pneumoconiosis, and also with dusts which are considered to --^be nontoxic. The results lead to the following conclusions; (1) dusts oAihat give rise to silicosis and pneumoconiosis form negatively charged L^^iydrophobic sols when suspended in water or in a 50% solution of ethyl .^alcohol and water; (2) the more toxic the dust, the greater the negative ^Acharge carried by the particle; and (3) nontoxic dusts, may carry a very '^;'5mall negative charge but more generally become positively charged on -^.Asuspension in the same solvents. The toxic action of silica, which acquires negative charge on being suspended in water, has been modified by the 'T'^prophylactic use of aluminum powder, which dissolves in water to form a - "positively charged sol of colloidal alumina. There is probably a close ^[torrelation between the solubility and the stability of suspensions of silica. "'''''-These conclusions are subject to the reservation that the potential of the c particles rather than the total charge on the particles may be the deciding [TTIactor; therefore a more fundamental approach, perhaps using sized dusts, .^^inay be desirable. -- Adapted from Author's Summary 6 6? Fhy si cochemical Studies on Dusts. I. A High-Solubility Layer on p---- Siliceous Dust Surfaces D. W. Clelland, W. M. Gumming, and D. Ritchie. J. Appl. Chem. 2, 31-41 (Jan. 1952). b=4 The existence of a high-solubility layer on the surface of sili ceous dust particles has been demonstrated by extractive solubility methods 03119336 HWBB-O(J1Vj 30 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 June, 1952 applied to several forms of silica (rock crystal, silica sand, and amor phous silica), olivine, and orthoclase feldspar. The authors state that a siliceous dust particle may be considered as a relatively insoluble core covered with a layer which exhibits a higher solubility rate. The solu bility rates decrease gradually, indicating that there is a gradual change from the surface inward. The high-solubility layer was removed by agita tion in aqueous media buffered to pH 7. 5 for all dusts examined. The effect of acid treatment varies with the type of dust. Colloidal silicic acid is liberated by the extracting solution only during the initial solution periods. The presence of metallic aluminum decreases the total amount of silica liberated from all five dusts, but the ratio of colloidal silica to total silica in the extract is increased. These results are of interest in /--] connection with the solubility theory of silicosis. Physicochemical Studies on Dusts. U. Nature and Regeneration of the > High-Solubility Layer on Siliceous Dusts. D. W. Clelland and P, D. Ritchie. J, Appl. Chem. 2, 42-48 (Jan. 1952). AA r=a --,669 Several possible mechanisms to account for the presence of the high-solubility layer demonstrated in the preceding paper are considered. It is concluded that the most probable explanation is that a considerable amount of vitreous silica forms on the crystalline surfaces during grinding. An important factor in the evidence is a decrease in density during pro longed grinding. No conversion to other crystalline modifications of silica could be detected. Examination Procedures for Silicosis as Practised by the Workmen's Compensation Commission in Quebec, Canada. J. A. Vidal. Read before Fourth Conference of McIntyre Research Foundation on Silicosis 3 pp. (Jan. 1952). In Quebec, compensation awards are made for silicosis only when symptoms are established. These symptoms cannot be evaluated except by a careful clinical examination. This examination is conducted by the Workmen's Compensation Commission, on application by the patient after his family physician has diagnosed silicosis. The procedures of the physical examination are described briefly. The laboratory and functional tests are conducted at Lavoisier Institute (see following abstract). ---670 r---} Pulmonary Function Studies. F. Gregoire. Read before Fourth Conference of McIntyre Research Foundation on Silicosis. 7 pp. (Jan. 1952) [=3 The methods of testing pulmonary function of silicotic patients used by the Lavoisier Institute for the Quebec Silicosis Commission are described, with a typical example. The tests included maximum breathing 03119337 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 June, 1952 HHBB-001^31 capacity, lung volume, ventilation efficiency, arterial blood studies, progressive work on a treadmill, response to pure oxygen, metabolism, and circulation time, in addition to the usual complete physical examination. Examination, Practice, and Experience Regarding Compensation and ~ Certification. R. S. M. Fisher. Read before Fourth Conference of McIntyre Research Foundation on Silicosis. 3 pp, (Jan. 1952). S---: Certification for employment in mines has been required in Quebec since July, 1950. The examination and issuance of certificates is under the authority of the: Workmen's Compensation Commission. The ----W author discusses some difficulties connected with preparing certificates, especially where the procedure is in conflict with that used before certi- ^yfication was compulsory, 6735>: Mine Ventilation and Dust Control in Quebec Mines. M. Lachance. >r^Read before Fourth Conference of McIntyre Research Foundation on ,, ^Silicosis, 3 pp. (Jan. 1952). - - The author presents notes on dust hazards in underground work ings, crushing rooms, cyanide and flotation mills, asbestos mills, and assay offices, based on 500 dust samples, many taken under experimental conditions. The results emphasize the importance of ventilation and show __^that wet methods are generally effective. In crushing rooms water sprays ^yjare not completely effective, and dust collecting equipment should be used. r 67-d^=Pulmonary Talcosis with Involvement of the Stomach and Heart. Report ^<0Pf a Case. W. E. Jaques and K. Benirschke. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. sS, 451-463 (May 1952). A case of talc pneumoconiosis is presented in which unique patho logic findings were demonstrated. There were extensive pulmonary fibrosis ^ja.nd granulomatosis in which talc crystals were positively identified. Cardiac ~<7jand gastric lesions were present and were interpreted to represent a direct reaction to talc or an altered capacity to react on the part of the host. A - Preview of the available literature is presented. -- Author's Summary 674_ ^Asbestosi -. A. J. Lau^-a. Read before Fourth Conference of McIntyre ;2;'C&esearch Foundation on Silicosis. 2 pp (Jan. 1952). The action of n sbestosis on the body is briefly reviewed. It is jj^^ointed out that asbestosis is regarded much more seriously in Great - Britain than in Canada or the United States; the British believe it is worse L' Shan silicosis and often leads to cancer, while in America cancer resulting from asbestosis is practically non-existent. 03119338 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 June, 1952 PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT ,-|675 Changes in the Masticatory Apparatus of Caisson Workers. - F. de Michelis. Rass. med, ind. 20, 151-158 {Mar.-June 1951) Italian. Men who had worked in caissons from 1 to 5 years in pressures up to 4 atmospheres developed various troubles with teeth and gums, including tenderness of the gums, which were in some cases congested and in others pale, and necrosis of the dental pulp. It is, therefore, important that the masticatory apparatus of caisson workers be periodi cally examined, and the findings recorded. -- Cond. from Bull. Hyg. Evaluating Effects of Industrial Noise on Man. H. O. Parrack. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. S, 415-429 (May, 1952) Certain of the physiological response mechanisms of man are reviewed, and it is shown how their response is related to frequency. It is also shown how materials used for noise control vary in their effective ness as a function of frequency. It is shown that the over-all noise-level reading cannot be correlated with the response of the human ear to the noise. On the basis of the data presented the conclusion is reached that in measuring industrial noise one must take the frequency function into account by measuring the noise levels in frequency bands not greater in width than one octave. Certain criteria for evaluating noise, when measured in octave bands, in respect to the probable response .of man to this noise are stated. The use of these criteria in evaluating the effectiveness of our attempts at noise control is illustrated. -- Author's Summary Audiometric Data Following Exposure to Low-Frequency-Centered Noise. E. J. Showalter. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 430-435 (May, 1952). Exposure to noises that have over-all levels between 90 and 101 decibels apparently does not cause significant hearing loss, provided the energy concentration of the noise i3 150 cycles per second or lower. We believe that these data emphasize the need of additional studies throughout industry, correlating job (noise) exposure with audiometric findings. - - Author's Summary 03119339 O HHBB-U01 ^533 industrial Hygiene Digest - 28 June, 1952 678 An Objective Method of Classifying Industrial Noise Environments. R. M. McGrath. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 436-444 (May 1952). The author suggests a method for reducing the three variables in assessing industrial noise, intensity, frequency, and duration to a homo geneous base line called "the equivalent acoustical impairment level." Classification of noise environments on the basis of this single base level gives better accuracy of prediction with reference to acoustical impair ments than does a classification by sones or equal loudness units. The author presents extensive data in support of the validity of his method, and predicts that the time is not far distant when the data will permit setting a limit of safety that is valid because it reduces the variables to the one base line, the "equivalent acoustical impairment level." He further states that any published limit which does not do so is not a valid standard. 67<^Revi sion of Procedure for Evaluating Percentage Loss of Hearing. `^-Progress Report of Committee to Consider Revision of Prevailing Stand- pf^ard Procedure for Evaluating Percentage Loss of Hearing in Medicolegal - ^Cases. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 445-446 (May, 1952). 'J This report outlines several problems that are recognized by the Committee and presents recommendations for progress toward the formulation of a universally accepted method for calculating hearing losses. They include: (1) revision of the present A.M.A. method or its replace- rp^ment by a more accurate and simpler method; (2) critical review of the --bjSTetcher 0.8 method; (3) providing means of determining percentage loss each ear and also combined hearing loss; (4) use of a minimum amount ~T~<bf calculation; and (5) basing the method on the hearing-loss data as ^^tecorded by the pure tone audiometer. RADIOACTIVITY AND X-RADIATION 680 ,, Recommendations of International Commission on Radiological Protection [PfjSlnd of International Commission on. Radiological Units 1950. National .^Bureau of Standards, Handbook No. 47. 29 pp. (June, 1951). Obtainable P^om Supt. of Documents, Washington 25, D, C. 15 cents. The section on radiological protection includes data on exposure external or to internal radiation, suggestions as to working conditions, ray and radium precautions, film storage precautions, and data on 03119340 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 29 June, 1952 maximum permissible amounts of various radioactive isotopes. The section on radiological units includes dosage data for x-ray or gamma ray treatment, suggested instruments, and rules of the International Commis sion on Radiological Units. ^681 Monitoring of a Diagnostic X-Ray Department. Lillian E. Jacobson, ' - J. J. Schwartzman, and S. Heiser. Radiol. 58, 568-581 (Apr., 1952}. The need for monitoring a diagnostic x-ray department is dis cussed. A system of monitoring is outlined, and the results of the various measurements are given in schematic diagrams. The need for calibration of the instruments and badges in the x-ray region in which they are used is discussed. The order of magnitude of the accuracy obtainable by these measurements is presented. Variations up to 40% are found. Despite such variations, the measurement of stray radiation in the protection of personnel is urged. ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS Determination of Carbon Monoxide in the Blood. Normal and Pathological Contents. R. Fabre, R. Truhaut, and F, Berrod. Ann. pharm. franc. 9, 625-638 (1951). The method, with use of palladium chloride, is described. The quantity of carbon monoxide in the blood of cigarette smokers was 0.35 to 0.55 cc. per 100 cc. , whereas normally only 0.25 to 0. 35 cc. was found. In persons with occupational exposure the values increased to 1 cc. per 100 cc. of blood with evidence of clinical symptoms. Working details of the method are given in Chemical Abstrats 46, 4043 {May 10, 1952). 6.-"i3 3 A Spot Test for Estimating Concentrations of Boron Hydride Vapors in Air. T. L. Etherington and L. V. McCarty. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 447-450 (May, 1952). C=3 The method described depends upon the reaction of silver nitrate (in amyl amine solution) with boron hydride to produce a yellow-to-brown color on filter paper. Essentially the apparatus consists of a glass tube through which air containing the boron hydride is blown or drawn, and a rather thick filter paper wet with a drop of 5% silver nitrate solution placed in the tube so that the air impinges upon it. The color develops 03113341 A Industrial Hygiene Digest - 30 June, 1952 HHHB-001Vj 35 after removal from the tube, reaching a maximum in approximately 10 minutes, The sensitivity of the test varies with the hydride being tested, decreasing in the order diborane, pentaborane, decaborane. The limit of identification was 1 microgram of decaborane. Color intensity reaches a maximum at 10 micrograms of diborane. The air sample should be limited to 1 to 4 liters of air and the time to one minute to avoid drying, A device for monitoring various locations in a central location is illustrated. 684=:] The Determination of Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfur Trioxide in Flue Gases, ^P. F. Corbett. J. Inst. Fuel 24, 247-251 (Nov. 1951). The author reviews the underlying principles of an analytical method for the estimation of small traces of sulfur trioxide in the presence =z]of a considerable excess of sulfur dioxide. Initial attempts to reveal a ^^correlation between the sulfur trioxide concentration and dew-point temperature of flue gases have been encouraging. -- Battelle Tech, Rev, 6&g^rPolarographic Determination of Lead in Blood with Multiple Electrodes. " "M. Valentinuzzi and L. G. Gonzalez Danuza. Annales soc. cient. ' argentina 151, 215-224 (1951). Spanish. A procedure is described for polarographic estimation of lead in j^blood, using 2 to 5 dropping mercury electrodes and one anode. Working lAidetails are given in Chemical Abstracts 46, 4041 (May 10, 1952), 686^ADetermination of Nickel in the Air. M. Bykhovskaya. Gigiena i Sanit. <~No. 11, 28-33 (1951). Russian. For the colorimetric, dimethylglyoxime method of determining -'^nickel in air samples it is recommended that absorbent cotton, glass wool, - or filter paper be used for collection of samples. The presence of iron, -<Qtopper, and cobalt in quantities greater than 20 micrograms per 10 ml. gives too high results, but the solubility of the nickel dimethylglyoxime in - chloroform permits ready separation from much iron and copper; cobalt is f=-=^ot separated and may interfere. The color is more stable in aqueous _--Solutions than in aqueous nitric acid solutions. In potassium or sodium .'2'^ydroxide solutions color takes 20 to 25 minutes to develop, but then is - more stable than that secured in ammonia solutions, when the above bases _were used to neutralize the original 20% nitric acid. Oxidation can be Effected with 3% ammonium persulfate or 1% iodine in alcohol containing aochelle salt. - - Chem. Absts. 03119342 Indus trial Hygiene Digest - 31 June, 1952 HWBU-U01Vj 36 687 Toxicology of Carbon Tetrachloride: I. Development of a Method Applicable to Air and Biological Material. REabre , R. Truhaut, and S. Laham, Ann. pharm. franc, 9, 251-266 (1951), The authors have perfected a method based on the color developed by carbon tetrachloride on heating with pyridine in alkaline solution. The sensitivity is 2 micrograms per ml. When the carbon tetrachloride in air is to be determined, it is collected by adsorption on dried silica gel chilled to 0 C. and is eluted by acetone. In the case of complex biological material, the carbon tetrachloride is first liberated by a stream of hot air. '3 -- Chem. Absts. Quantitative Analysis of Nitrobenzene in Blood. M. Fukue, M. Umezu, aniH..Ishikawa. Hukuoka Acta Med. 42, 80-84 (1951). Japanese with English or German summary. Blood is deproteinized with sodium tungstate, the pH adjusted to 10.0-10,5 with half-molar sodium carbonate, and a polarogram taken . By referring to a standard st^p-height vs. concentration curve made on sodium carbonate buffer containing known quantities of nitrobenzene, he blood concentration is obtained. The method is sensitive to 1.5 x 10 M nitrobenzene, which is 1% of the lethal dose. -- Chem. Absts. ~^690 Determination of Low Concentrations of Tetraethyl Silicate in Air. S. S. Gurvits and T, I. Sergeeva. Gigiena i Sanit. No. 9, 39-41 (1951) Russian. The determination is done colorimetrically with the blue reduced complex of silicomolybdic acid. The air is sampled into alcohol absorbers or in wet filter papers moistened with 10% sulfuric acid, after which usual digestion with sulfuric acid, calcining the evaporated residue with sodium carbonate, and solution in hot water precede the conventional silica determination. Satisfactory determinations can be made on 1 to 5 mg. , - - Chem. Absts. 3^-91 Si Sampling of Dust-Laden Gases. C. J. Stairmand. Trans. Instn. Chem. Engrs. 29, 15-44 (1951). Sampling principles are described, including selection of suitable location, use of mixing baffles to correct maldistribution of gas and dust flow, and the need for isokinetic sampling. Data are given on forms of mixing baffle, sampling nozzles and ejectors for sample extraction. Vari ous types of samplers are described in detail, including sampling cyclones 03119343 9 HHBB-001^537 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 32 June, 1952 in five sizes, glass-wool and similar filters, volatile and soluble filters, soxhlet thimbles, miniature electrostatic samplers, and impingement samplers, and a portable sampling apparatus equipped with a heated sampling tube for collecting dry dust. A self-compensating electrostatic sampler which permits isokinetic sampling is also described. Flow measurement presents problems when the gas is at a high temperature, contains moisture , or has a different composition than that used in cali bration. These problems are considered and a series of comprehensive correction formulas are presented. ! ^ I 692? Dust Sampling: Errors and Limitations of the P.R.U. Hand-Pump Outfit. H. H. Watson. Coll. Guard. 184, 543-548 {May 8, 1952). The P.R. U. (Pneumoconiosis Research Unit) hand pump is used extensively in British coal mines to provide rapid assessment of dustiness. -> By this method a definite quantity of air is drawn'through a filter paper and the depth of stain is measured by a densitometer. The instrument is calibrated by comparing the readings with particle counts obtained by a standard method. Similar hand-pump methods have been used in the United States and Canada. The author shows that the conversion from P.R. U. apparatus to thermal precipitator counts cannot be done accurately. Investigations of a pre-filter designed to eliminate the larger nonrespirable particles showed that, with the hand pump in its present design, the method was unsatisfactory. Therefore the hand pump has been found to be unsuitable for accurate measurements of dust concentrations in the __n respirable size range. It is suggested, however, '.that a paper stain instru ment could be designed in such a way that the densitometer readings could be related to the dust hazard. ._< . = &93^ Mobile Sampler Made by Modifying Electrostatic Precipitator. ^'JH. K. Smithson. Occ. Health (USPHS) 12. 79 {May, 1952). An electrostatic precipitator may be used as a mobile sampler :<cOjby making modifications described and illustrated in the paper. With -these modifications the precipitator can be operated on the 6-volt power o csupply of an automobile. The vacuum line serves for drawing the air ij--ijthrough the precipitator. 03119344 NWBG-lHm538 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 33 June, 1952 694 Generation and Tyndallometric Measurement of Dust Clouds. W. Li. Chen, R. J. Foresti, Jr. , and H. B. Charmbury. Ind. Eng. Chem. 44, 1171-1174 {May, 1952). A dust generator, capable of producing uniform clouds with particles in the size range of 1 to 30 microns, has been described. The dust is placed in dispersion by sonic vibration and then carried from the generator by air current. The concentrations of dust may be changed by varying the current input to the generator, the vibration frequency, the ;t!__H air flow rate, and the weight of charge placed into the generator. Dust clouds with particles in the above size range may be evaluated by measur ing the light scattered at 90 to the incident beam. The light scattering is ^1 a function of the surface area until multiple scattering occurs. -- Authors' Conclusions Reduction of Dust in Steel Foundry Operations. W. A. Bloor. Foundry Trade J. 9L 31-40, 46 (July 12, 1951) 0) The author reports research work carried out by the British Iron and Steel Research Association, in developing a rapid method for measuring and recording dust concentrations. Series of standard photo micrographs were prepared, in which the dust count varied by steps, using different average particle sizes in different series. The samples were compared visually with the standard photomicrographs. The Owens jet sampler was used in all the experiments. The question of the best method of selecting squares for counting is discussed. The results obtained in 24 foundries, with dust counts ranging from 2 00 to 6400 particles per cc. , showed sufficient agreement between the comparison method and actual counts. It is not feasible at present to set up an allowable limit for foundry dust, but some suggestions leading to the adoption of a limit are presented. The chemical method of determination of free silica is also idscussed, with suggestions for application and improvement of the method. Jet Impactors for Determining the Particle-Size Distribution of Aerosols. W. E. Ranz and J. B. Wong, Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med, 5, 464-477 (May, 1952). ~ This paper is a condensation of an earlier report to the Atomic Energy Commission. (See IHF Abst. 235, February, 1952). 03119345 HUBB-ni)m39 Iadustrial Hygiene Digest - 34 June, 1952 697 Concentrations of Particulates Found in Air. M. W, First and Philip Drinker. Arch, Lnd, Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 387-388 (April, 1952). The authors present a chart oT ranges of p^gticle concentrations c- in air, on a logarithmic scale, from lu down to 10 grams per cubic meter. At the higher end are the comcentrations found in low-pressure pneumatic conveying; others range through a number of significant ranges, such as explosive dust concentrations, rain, stack effluents, fog and mist, ^ mine air, city, suburban and rural air, effluents from filters and electrical precipitators, odor thresholds, to threshold limits for radioactive sub stances. PREVENTIVE ENGINEERING - -- ----------- - 0 fc98^Practical Aspects of Industrial Exhaust Ventilation. A. C. Mann. . Instn. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. 19, 169-189 (July, 1951). The collection and disposal of fumes, dusts, and other harmful materials are discussed with stress placed on correct design and manu facture of hoods. Average velocities for successful conveying of various --.^materials are given. The need for making and recording test figures is c.^mphasized. Various types of collectors are described. 99^Bacterial Filt ration Efficiency of Electrostatic Air Cleaner. M. Lidwell. J. Instn. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. j_9, 139-143(June 1951) .r'A The author reports a series of measurements of the effectiveness the electrostatic air cleaner in removing airborne bacteria. Dust ---borne organisms, sprayed cultures, and prepared spore suspensions were -reused in the test and it was found to be relatively easy to remove over 99% ~''S>f the bacteria-carrying particles from the air while maintaining a reason- ,, able rate of air flow through the cleaner. : czii ^OQ^.j^ust Prevention and Suppression in Coal Mines. A. Winstanley. .^Abstract) Coll. Guard. 184,487-492, 537-541 (April 24, May 1,1952). The author reviews recent progress in dust prevention in coal ^ rjiines. Infusion, wet cutting, wet drilling, dust extractors and filters, - and cyclone separators are discussed, Tablee showing the effect of wet 03119345 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 35 June, 1952 cutting are presented. The influence of ventilation is discussed briefly. In conclusion the author pleads for more expeditious general application of the knowledge, experience, and appliances which have been found effective. . 1 701 Foundries Join in Developing Cupola Emission Control Unit. T. L. Harsell, Jr. Am. Foundryman 2, 42-44 {Aug.., 1951). C.31) Tests for emissions of particulate matter were conducted in three representative cupolas in the Los Angeles area. Various types of dust collection equipment were tested on a pilot plant scale. A full scale wet washer was installed, and the system was later redesigned to include a second washer, a water cooling tower, and a baghouse. The dust loss was within the allowable limit. vS>702 0 Industrial Applications of Sonic Energy. C. R. Soderberg, Jr. Iron it Steel Engr. 29, 87-95 (Feb., 1952). An application of sonic energy is agglomeration of fumes and mists so that they can be more readily collected in a secondary collector. Two main types of sound generators are discussed, the radial type and axial type. The agglomeration vessel must be designed so that it contains a sonic field of maximized intensity. If the concentration of particles is not large enough, or if they are of such nature that they do not adhere when they strike others, it is advantageous to add water mist to the aerosol. Typical applications are collection of carbon black, sulfuric acid manu facture, and cleaning of open-hearth gases. Sonic energy can also be used in liquid-phase work, applications in this case being emulsification, demul- sification, and agitation of liquor in pickling tanks. -- Chem- Absts. COMMUNITY AIR HYGIENE wO Air Pollution Abatement Manual. Manufacturing Chemists' Association 246 Woodward Bldg. , 15th and H Sts. ,N. W. , Washington 5, D. C. Two additional chapters of this Manual have been published (see IHF Absts. 583, May, 1952). Manual Sheet P-7 (Chapter 6), Sampling Procedures and Measur ing Equipment. P.L. Magill. 39 pp. (April, 1952 ) 75 cents.-- In the first section, the purpose and general principles of sampling are consid ered, including statistical treatments, conditions affecting sampling, size of sample, frequency of collection, general methods for sampling gases 03119347 H H B B -O O m 'tl Industrial Hygiene Digest - 36 June, 1952 and particulate-matter, and gas damage to crops. The second section ^deals with equipment for sampling of gases and particulate matter, " ^including settling, visual and photometric methods, impingers, filters, dT^cyclone samplers, and thermal and electrostatic precipitators. A table ^L^gi-ves a comparative summary of sampling devices. Illustrations, diagrams T~^and a bibliography are included, _Manual Sheet P-13 (Chapter 12), Bibliography. G. F. Jenkins. ' '57 pp. (March 1952). 50 cents, -- This bibliography represents as comc plete as possible a compilation of the literature up to December, 1951. ^jj-The papers are listed under six headings: biological, legislative, techniy^ical, standards, education, and miscellaneous. Supplementary compilations _^will be issued semi-annually and will be available from the publishers. '04>^Atmospheric Sanitation in Los Angeles County. F. H. Viets. Heat. & Vent. 49, 86-89 (Feb. 1952). The author describes improvements made by various industries ^in the Los Angeles region in order to comply with atmospheric pollution Regulation. Some gray-iron foundries have substituted reverberator or Jm~lectric furnaces for cupola melting, while others are installing bag colRjectors preceded by gas coolers. Wet scrubbers and centrifugal collectors have not been found satisfactory. The nonferrous foundry industry is adopting bag collectors, and steel plants electric precipitators. The coffeeroasting and fish-processing industries have controlled odors by improve ments in the processes. Sulfur dioxide from the processing of crude oils been reduced to one-fifth of its former value by the installation of --"absorption equipment, A million backyard incinerators still contribute ^ome 90 tons daily of aerosols and a like quantity of aldehydes, oxides of .--nitrogen, and organic acids, which are factors in smog formation. --Cond. from Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. '05-j^hvestigation on Injury to Plants from Air Pollution-in the Los Angeles 2-IArea. A. J. Haagen-Smit, E. F. Darley, M. Zatlin, H. Hull, and -JIT. Noble. Plant Physiol. 27, 18-34 (1952) ' The authors report the results of an extensive study of the effect _p_of a number of air pollutants and their mixtures on five typical farm and (ljf3jarden products. This survey was a continuation of the part of the work p~hreviously reported by Haagen-Smit (IHF Abst. 1303, Dec, 1951) relating CJlp damage to vegetation. The most noteworthy result was a confirmation " di the earlier results, that the most extensive damage was caused by oxi- n--dation products of hydrocarbons. Those with 5 to 9 carbons caused the /^greatest damage. A number of other compounds were found to produce p--sjmog injury, but usually only to alfalfa. -- Cond. from Chem. Absts. 03119348 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 37 June, 1952 706 Stacks for Pollution Control. R. S. Steinbock. Chem. Eng. 59, 202-203 {Feb.* 144-147 (March* 154-155 (April 1952). ~ Graphs are presented showing the maximum ground concentration of pollutants dispersed in the atmosphere from stacks of varying heights and the ground concentration at any distance from a stack for varying stack heights and wind velocity. The effect of plume height is considered in the second installment also with a number of graphs. In the third paper, directions are given for calculating particle dispersion and deposition from stack height, distance, and other factors. 707 The Influence of Carbon Smokes on the Dew-Point and Sulfur Trioxide Content of Flame Gases. C. Whittingham. J. Appl. Cham. 1, 382-388 (Sept. 1951). Q 3 -ji It has been known that carbon in a flame decreases the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide. The author has investigated the subject further by introducing known amounts of sulfur dioxide and of smoke into a gas flame, and collecting condensed samples on a glass disk with contolled cooling. To the disk were attached two thermocouples, with an applied potential between them. The dew-point was indicated by a rapid increase in conductivity. The sulfur trioxide was determined by a method described earlier by Flint (J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 67^ 2-5, Jan, 1948), by which the trioxide was collected with negligible oxidation of sulfur dioxide. The addition of 0.54 mg. per 1. of carbon as smoke to flame containing 0.06% sulfur dioxide reduced the fraction of total sulfur as sulfur trioxide from 8.2% to 0.08%. Intermediate percentages of sulfur trioxide were obtained by using smaller amounts of carbon. For smoke contents above 0. 14 mg. per liter it was difficult to determine the dew-point by the method used. The collection of carbon on the acid film also decreased its sulfur trioxide content at temperatures as low as 140C. Carbon would appear to influence the sulfur trioxide content in three main direc tions; (1) by inhibiting its formation in the flame; (2) by direct reaction with the sulfur trioxide once formed; and (3) by physical adsorption. The extent of the last process was not determined. C=3 The Corrosion of a Steel Surface by Condensed Films of Sulfuric Acid. D. Flint and R. W. Hear. J. Appl. Chem. _1_, 388-393 (Sept. 1951). An experimental technique is described which has been used to study the corrosion of a steel surface at elevated temperatures by con densed films of sulfuric acid. (The method is similar to that described in the preceding abstract). The results show that (1) the rate of corrosion of steel increases with increasing sulfuric acid dew-point, and (2) irrespective of the dew-point temperature, the rate of corrosion reaches X 03119349 H H B B -O im S U Industrial Hygiene Digest - 38 June, 1952 a maximum at a surface temperature of the steel lying between 20 and 45 below that of the dew-point, - - Editor's Summary '<9^ The Influence of Carbon Smokes on the Corrosion of Metal Surfaces Exposed to Flue Gases Containing Sulfur Trioxide. R. W. Kear. J J. Appl. Chem. U 393-399 (Sept, 1951). Further work confirmed the results given in the preceding papeT, 'Ci3) and also indicated that the presence of carbon smokes can profoundly affect the extent of corrosion. As the smoke concentration is increased from zero there is an initial increase in corrosion but eventually the dewpoint of the gases and their corrosive properties are substantially reduced. "Comparison of the behavior of filtered and unfiltered smoke-laden gases '5) would indicate that carbon reduces the sulfur trioxide content of flue gases by a process of physical adsorption. "ID__ .Atmospheric Pollution. Recovery of Fumes and Gases from Aluminum ^^Alloy Processing. L. C. McCabe. Ind, & Eng. Chem. 44, 121A-122A " "(May 1952) . Foundry practice in processing aluminum alloys is described, with special reference to the fumes produced. Sodium and aluminum "-^.constitute about 10% of the particulate matter formed, and magnesium and ^silicon another 10%. Many other elements are present in concentrations L^cOfrom 0.01 to 1.0%, The fumes are to a considerable extent soluble in r^yvater and suggest the use of wet scrubbers for their removal. Tests on dynamic wet scrubber on the Venturi principle have indicated high '^-efficiency for fume resulting from the treatment of dross with salt-cryolite C.^Eflux. One company has also made thorough pilot plant tests of an electro- --..static precipitator, operated wet, as a scrubber-precipitator. In all tests '2'^pf practical significance, the exit gases were well below the acceptable - threshold limits and particulate matter was reduced to a very low con;<5ntentration. ''11- -Medical Research and Control in Air Pollution. G. P, Larson. J. Pub. Health 42, 549-556 (May 1952, Parti). j It is fr equently assumed by complainants about air pollution that .--health hazards are involved, and usually no definite assurance can be n___given that they are not. If the answer is to be found entirely in a program research to determine the effects of contaminants, as many assume, s Sjt will require many years and much expense to answer the question. One L difficulty is that the injurious effects of combinations of pollutants may be 03119350 N H U fj-o rm w t Industrial Hygiene Digest - 39 June, 1952 greater than the sum of their effects taken singly. Therefore, the prob lem must be attacked by determining what potentially harmful substances are present and then to remove them as well as is practicable by engineer ing methods. Methods of detection are described briefly. The results that have been obtained in Los Angeles in identifying the cause of eye irritation and vegetation damage are reviewed. The results accomplished by engineering methods and enforcement of regulations in Los Angeles are presented. The improvement so far obtained is very noticeable, both by measurement methods and by public recognition. Industrial smoke has been reduced by at least 60%; however, public rubbish burning is a large contributor and has not as yet been regulated. Medical research cannot be neglected, but it should be on a national scale. MANAGEMENT ASPECTS 712 Reaching Out in Management. W. B. Given, Jr. Harvard Business Rev. 30, 33-45 (March-April 1952). Reprints available at 3 for $1.50 and 50 cents each for additional copy, from Harvard Business Review, Soldiers Field P. O., Boston 63, Mass. o3 In the book ''Bottom-Up Management" (IHF Abst. 848, Aug. 1949) the author has advocated development of management opportunities among employees in the lower ranks. In this paper he carries his ideas a step further. He points out that the development of opportunities is not enough, people must be prodded to reach out and take them. Subordinates should be encouraged to develop their own ideas and to offer suggestions, not only to their immediate superiors but also to other departments. The author tells how the plan has worked in American Brake Shoe Co. , and cites a number of specific cases. Although there are dangers of mistakes and antagonism in the plan, its general success has greatly outweighed them. Executives are rated on their cooperation in receiving suggestions, as fully as employees in giving suggestions and in carrying them out. Quoting General Ridgeway, "Loyalty that comes from the top down is just as vital as the loyalty that comes from the bottom up, " the author thinks that it is even more vital. Reaching out also includes acquiring wider know ledge of business news and principles, as well as interest in the company's activities. 03119351 o Industrial Hygiene Digest - 40 June, 1952 HMBB-H014545 713 Prophylactic Aspects of the Mental Health of the Physically Disabled. Preparatory Commission of the World Federation of Health. Arch'. Ind. ? jHyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 389-394 (April 1952). Two broad approaches to the mental-health program for the physically handicapped. First, emphasis needs to be placed on guiding ___ ^communities to accept and treat the handiqapped as equals rather than as - -special members of society. Integration into society rather than segre0 gation should be the general rule. The second approach is directed toward `--.the individual. The individual should be made aware of the realistic CL'aspect of his problems, of the limitations his disability may put on his /^adjustment to his surroundings, and of the attitudes other people may have ~-^;toward his handicap. The goal for each individual should be greater selfyTPsecurity, freedom from frustration, and use of his ego strength to fullest '--^advantage. 714v^Industry1 s Manpower Resources. H. Viscardi, Jr. Loss Control .^(Am. Mutual Liability Ins. Co.) 29, 1-4 (Aug. 1951) r-----1 The two major untapped sources of manpower during the present </^-shortage lie in the 11 million persons beyond the age. of 65 and the 20 odd million handicapped persons in our country. Most of these 20 million are the less severely disabled, who do not present too great placement prob lems, and more than 90% of them are now employed. The great untapped source of manpower, then, is the estimated 1.5 to 2 million persons with "^severe static disabilities who could become employable with modern * ^^rehabilitation training and adjustment of their abilities to jobs. In adidition <jzuthere are millions of chronically ill who are potentially productive if ^==~given training and employment opportunities. Industrially we are all ^^fmisfits; only 1% of the population are fit for all types of work. Fitness, "-L/then, is a matter of degree. The prejudices and misunderstandings which o,^5have deprived us of able employees are luxuries we can no longer afford. ----The necessity of protection from the ever-increasing burden of support --s /*"*\ - 2"pf the aged and the disabled, together with our democratic ideals of - ^opportunity for all, demand that every effort lie made to rehabilitate and ^SfjT'employ handicapped workers to the fullest possible extent. 71^-TiTfhe Older Working Man. E. L. Bortz. Am. Acad. Occ. Med., ----- jProc. 3rd Ann. Mtg. 39-44 (1951). - The diseases to which older persons are especially liable and r,___ their care are discussed. The continued employment of older workers is /purged. The restrictions placed upon older workers by minimum wage r 'daws and company pension plans are criticized. Labor has an unexcelled u `opportunity to re-examine its stated policy concerning those measures. "The best life insurance for our older citizens may be found in their ability to carry on. " 03119052 MMBB-OOU546 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 41 June, 1952 716 The Statistical Side of Our Aging Population, S. L, Wolfbein Am. Acad. Occ. Med., Proc. 3rd Ann. Mtg. 31-39 (1951). The author discusses the relation of life expectancy to work expectancy and calls attention to various phases of the problem of the increasing percentage of older persons in the population. He calls attention to the facts that only 5% of the men and women entitled to old age benefits between 1940 and 1950 left their jobs of their own accord; that less than a third of those aged 65 and over who could have drawn old age insurance benefits by retiring took advantage of the opportunity; and that 35% retired for health reasons. It is obvious from these statistics that the so-called problem of the older worker can be alleviated best by ^=3 doing everything possible to place older people in employment and keeping them in employment. ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION 717 Fire and Explosion Hazards of Thermal Insecticidal Fogging.. Research Report No. 9, National Board of Fire Underwriters, 85 John St, , New York 38, N. Y, 45 pp. (1952) . = [=3 Thermal aerosol fogs are claimed to be mere efficient than atomized sprays in dispersing insecticidal solutions. There are five general methods of producing fogs by this method. The one most generally used is the separately-fired combustion chamber type. The methods are described in this pamphlet. They all involve contact of the spray of insecticidal solution, which may be flammable, with a hot surface or hot gases, but when properly operated, the contact is too brief to cause an explosion. However, explosions have occurred when the apparatus was defective or improperly handled. A more frequent source of danger is contact with a flame or spark in the building being sprayed. Precautions against this possibility, and against health hazards, are described. Briefly they include: operation only by experienced personnel and exclusion of others from the building; giving full information to the local fire marshal or fire chief; use of only listed equipment and insecticide formulations; limiting the amount of material to yield a safe concentration of fog; avoid ing all sources of ignition, which includes shutting off power and telephones; thorough ventilation of the building after spraying; warning placards; cleanliness of equipment; and several minor precautions. 03119353 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 42 June, 1952 718 Dust Flames and Dust Explosions. P. Schlapfer. Schweiz. Ver.. Gas Wasserfach Monatsbull. 3_1_, 69-82 (1951). German. In a study of dust explosions the method of producing the dust 7^, cloud is important, as stirring up a weighed amount of dust with air gives o- unreliable results. A new method produces a steady dust flow. Lower explosive limits of aluminum powder were 92 mg. per 1. ; lignin powder, 48 mg. per 1, ; and phenolic resin powders, 45 and 36 mg. per 1. The ^_-flow rate was 400 cc. per second: ignition was by a 0,2-mm. aluminum ^^wire, 7 mm. long, with 110 volts. The presence of 5% ammonia in the ^ air lowered the limit. A photographic method was used to determine the --Ojrate of propagation of dust flames in tubes; for aluminum dust this is of ^the order of the maximum flame velocity of hydrogen-air mixtures, 267 cm. ^.per second and higher. For lignin the rate is around 190 cm. per second. >1: -- Chem. Absts. 71 9>^Unloading Flammable Materials from Tank Cars- Manual Sheet TC-4. ^Manufacturing Chemists' Assn. Inc. , 246 Woodward Bldg. , 15th & H Sts. , -^7yWashington 5, D. C. 11 pp. (1952) 20 cents. This manual specifies the precautions to be taken in unloading tank cars containing flammable material. Many states have stringent regulations for handling flammable materials including unloading. Some _^states prohibit unloading from bottom outlets; others prohibit syphoning; ^^,and others require official approval for installations. The specifications -Conclude placement of the cars, protection of property and workmen, dome ^>5^ittings, sampling, various methods of unloading, piping to storage tanks, - preparation and return of empty cars, and dealing with defective cars. '^Consignees should familiarize themselves with state and local regulations, ^Tas well as the procedures outlined in the manual. 17^571 T2Q ^pisinfective Action of Methyl Bromide, Methanol, and Hydrogen Bromide Anthrax Spores' R. W. Kolb, R. Schneiter, E. P. Floyd, and - D. H. Byers. Arch. Ind. Hyg. & Occ. Med. 5, 354-364 (April 1952). The results of studies of the efficacy of methyl bromide, hydro bromic acid, and methyl alcohol for the destruction of anthrax-contaminated ' materials are presented. It was demonstrated that in the presence of moisture 3.4 to 3.9 g. of gaseous methyl bromide peT liter was capable 03119354 lndustrial Hygiene Digest - 43 June, 1952 of disinfecting commercial - sized rolls of hair and bristles after 18 hours' exposure at room temperature without causing any apparent damage to the materials. The presence of moisture is essential. Hydrogen bromide was shown to be effective at concentrations considerably greater than those which might be produced by normal hydrolysis of methyl bromide. Methanol had no effect. Therefore the efficacy of methyl bromide is not due to hydrolysis. Methyl bromide is believed to offer potentialities as a gen eral nondeleterious disinfecting agent for contaminated industrial materials. -- Cond. from Authors' Summary Control of Respiratory Infection by Radiant Disinfection- of Air. W, F.Wells. Am. Acad. Occ. Med., Proc. 3rd Ann. Mtg. 15-23 (1951). The author discusses the value and the limitations of radiant disinfection of air. It has been successfully used in hospital rooms and operating rooms, but its effect is confined to the areas in which it is used, In experiments with radiant disinfection in schopls, exposure outside the schools greatly limits its effects. The same limitations would apply to industrial'workrooms. The problem of the dynamic control of respiratory infection is no longer how but where to disinfect air. In simplest terms, the control of respiratory infection requires protection, both of adults in places of work and of children in school. However, to be effective it should also include all gathering places for recreation, religious service, and business. Such a program calls for cooperation between a number of organizations and industry is in the best position to take the initiative in developing a program. The cost of adequate radiant disinfection is less than that of artificial illumination to prevailing standards. 722 The Use of Aerosols in Air Sterilization. F. W. Gilcreas. i^3 Am. Acad. Occ. Med., Proc. 3rd Ann, Mtg. 24-30 (1951). Tests conducted in schoolrooms over a period of two years show that aerosols provide a significant reduction in the total numbers of bacteria in the room, and therefore they can be considered effective under the con ditions of the study. The results with aerosols are similar to the results c c secured with the use of ultraviolet radiation. No data were obtained on the incidence of diseases because the period of the test up to the time of report ing was too short and because the prevalence of diseases during the period was low. f i- * 3U9355 industrial Hygiene Digest - 44 June, 1952 INDEX Absenteeism <r3>951 first half AiT^pollution __ injury to plants ' medical research and control Ak pollution abatement manual Ayr^pollution and smoke jj^evention association proceedings ATrJjsterilization vjjjr aerosols radiation Alcoholics and industrial "physician Ammonium dichromate (Safety data sheet A&tferax ~"^iiethyl bromide -u as disinfectant Asbestosis Asthma in industry Atmospheric sanitation in ~15os Angeles County Bal^stocardiography ~Cjj2hlue and limitations Bejj^llium granulomatosis ^chses <C! n Bbrbtn hydrides 7-4^tection in air Qadjiiiium ^bhalth hazards Gafsffon workers . <tipbth defects Cartoon monoxide ;d&ta sheet If^^termination in blood --health hazards C^frqon tetrachloride -"determination P poisoning with nephrosis C&f^fiac patients z effect of work Chloroplatinic acid effect .1 168 705 711 703 613 722 721 627 642 720 674 625 704 619 640 68 3 641 675 635 682 636 687 650 620 647 Chrome ulcers and patch testing 632 effect of BAD 643 Compensation and certification in Quebec 671 Constructive medicine 615 Corrosions of steel by condensed sulfuric acid 708 effect of carbon 709 Cyanide poisoning therapy 637 Cyclohexanone toxicity 648 Dermatitis from brass 633 from shower water 631 therapeutic 630 management 629 Dinitrophenol action on organism 653 Dust-laden gas sampling Dust 691 colloidal properties 666 clouds generation and measurement 694 collectors test 701 control in mines 672 counting technique 695 flames and explosions 718 prevention in coal mines 700 sampling hand pump method 692 Eczema of the hands 634 Electrostatic precipitator bacterial removal mobile 699 693 Engineering in public health (book review) 612 Exhaust ventilation practical aspects 698 Eye injuries treatment 624 F atigue effect of heat and nutrition 622 03119356 C9 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 45 June, 1952 First aid guide Flammable materials unloading Fume removal in aluminum processing Hearing loss evaluation progress report Industrial hygiene West Virginia rules Industrial medicine code of ethics Jo) Industrial noise classification Influenza vaccination Insecticide spraying >5 explosion hazards Insecticide vaporizers hazards Jet impactors for particle-size distribution Lead fumes exposure of riveters poisoning in Naples C^l polarographic determination in blood Mental health of physically disabled Methoxychlor toxicity Motor-insulating materials iphrj hazards " 1 Nickel -JS- L j determination in the air Nitrobenzene j^=^j determination in blood Nitroglycerin exposure 'zmfl Noise effects on man low frequency effect _--J Occupational disease history 617 719 710 679 606 616 678 623 717 659 696 645 644 685 713 654 656 686 689 649 676 677 628 Occupational history ' correlation with clinical findings 614 Older worker problems 715,716 Osmium poisoning 646 Particle concentrations in air 697 Personality appraisal of the injured 626 Phenol skin absorption 652 Phosphorus sesquisulfide poisoning 638 Polymer-fume fever 651 Poisoning diagnosis and treatment 611 Poisonous gases from aluminum processing 655 Pulmonary function studies 670 Radiological protection recommendation 680 Reaching out in management 712 Rehabilitation and manpower 714 Renal failure from poison and trauma 658 Resuscitation after electric shock 621 Rubber and plastic industries toxic materials 657 Silica dust soluble layer 667,668 leucoencephalitis from inhalation 665 Silicosis androgens in 664 angiocardio-pneumography in 662 examination procedures 669 in automobile workers 660 Silicotic lung angiopneumographic study 663 Silicotic s circulation time and venous pressure in 661 Sonic energy applications 702 03119357 HHBB-IWIVJSI Industrial Hygiene Digest - 46 June, 1952 Stacks for pollution controlSulfur oxides J ^determination in flue gases fjujfur trioxide flame gases effect of smoke 706 Sulfuric aid mist toxicity 684 Talcosis pulmonary Tetraethyl silicate 707 determination in air X-ray monitoring 639 673 690 681 0311335s ft* i --n 0c