Document 9JLEZNKYb2ndOjZ694Ya4MpmL

AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING COMPANY Department of Environmental Sciences Salt Lake City, Utah Plant: EL PASO Field Work: John B. Richardson Survey Date: January 16-19, 1974 Report Date: March 11, 1974 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY REPORT I. OPERATING CONDITIONS: Number 2 Blast Furnace was not in operation. Conditions were otherwise normal, including the usual curtailment of the Sinter Plant during the day shift to avoid violations of State SO2 standards. II. SAMPLING: A. A.I.S.I. tape samplers were used in four areas to collect one-hour sequential samples of airborne dust and fume: 1) Cadmium Plant - Godfrey roaster 2) Cadmium Plant - Storage shed 3) Sinter Plant - Fire floor, feeder end 4) Blast Furnace - Between No. 1 and No. 2 Blast Furnaces Samples collected in both the Sinter Plant and the Blast Furnace Department were analyzed for lead only. All Cadmi um Plant samples were analyzed for both lead and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. B. Individual dust and fume samples were collected concurrently with Dr. Delmar D. Krehbiel, an Occupational Safety and Health Administration enforcement officer from the Lubbock, Texas district office. M.S.A. personal monitors equipped with Millipore filters were used: plastic casing intact and inlet plug removed. A respirable dust and fume sample was collected using a M.S.A. personal monitor equipped with a cyclone device and a Milli pore filter. HER 0004001 C. Asbestos samples were taken in the general warehouse, in a small storage shed, in the carpenter shop, and in the Blast Furnace area. A M.S.A. personal monitor and open-face Millipore filters were used. III. SAMPLING RESULTS: A. A.I.S.I. Tape Samplers: Airborne lead and cadmium concentrations are listed as fol lows : Department Location Anal- Concentration (mg/m3) ysis Mean Max. Min. No of Hourly Samples Figure No. Cadmium Godfrey Roaster Cd 0.01 0.04 0.002 23 1 Pb 0.05 0.15 0.001 2 Storage Shed Cd 0.13 0.87 0.004 23 3 Pb 0.13 0.70 0.004 4 Lead D & L Fire Floor Pb 0.43* 1.13 0. 07 25 5 Blast Furnace Pb 0.14 0.39 0.07 22 6 * Mean value exceeds OSHA 8-hour time-weighted average OSHA Limits: Pb -- 0.20 mg/m3 Cd fume -- 0.1 mg/m^ Cd dust -- 0.2 mg/m3 B. Personal Monitors: The M.S.A. personal monitor results for dust and fume of lead, cadmium and zinc are tabulated below: Department Employee No. Job or Operation Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) Anal Conc'n. ysis (mq/m3) Lead-Dross #60 #5 Kettleman 1/16 325 Pb 0.30 * Lead-Blast #168 920 Operator 1/16 327 Pb 0.20 Lead-D & L #1035 DL Fireman 1/16 315 Pb 0.47 * Lead-D L #1106 DL Fireman 1/16 318 Pb 0.45 * HER 0004002 B. Personal Monitors (Con't.):* Department Employee & No. Job or Operation Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) LeadBaghouse Lead-Dross #1092 Baghouse Helper ... 1/16 310 #2366 Dross Craneman 1/16 281 Lead-Blast #20 -- 1/17 265 Lead-D & L #1432 Feederman 1/17 265 Lead-D & L #1106 D&L Fireman 1/17 266 Lead-Dross #2227 Reverb Fceman 1/17 244 Anal Cone'n. ysis (mg/m3) Pb 0.41 * Pb 0.27 * Pb 1.70 * Pb 0.71 * Pb 0.25 Pb 0.48 * Mill #2302 Feederman 1/17 254 Pb 0.25 it Cd Plant #18 Fireman 1/17 256 Pb 0.28 it Cd 0.14 ? Cd Plant #82 Craneman 1/17 280 Pb 0.36 it Cd 0.26 it (Respirable Sample) (Respirable Sample) Pb 0.09 Cd 0.04 Pb Respirable Fraction = 25% Cd Respirable Fraction = 15% Zinc Kilns Lead-D & L Cd vPlant #1218 Loading Surge Bin #2316 Beltman Fireman 1/18 245 Pb 1.42 it Zn 6.50 1/18 168 Pb 3.60 * 1/18 167 Pb .Cd 1.10 1.42 *+ * Exceeds OSHA 8-hour time-weighted average + Exceeds OSHA acceptable ceiling concentration for cadmium dust ? May exceed OSHA limit depending upon type of exposure, e.g., dust and/or fume PRESENT OSHA STANDARDS: Material 8-hour timeweighted average Acceptable Ceiling Conc'n. (Not to be exceeded at any time during an 8-hour shift) Cadmium dust Cadmium fume Lead dust & fume ZnO fume 0.2 mg Cd/m3 0.1 mg Cd/m3 0.2 mg Pb/m3 5.0 mg ZnO/m3 0.6 mg Cd/m3 0.3 mg Cd/m3 None None HER 0004003 4 C. Asbestos sampling; Asbestos sampling resulted in the following values: Department Employee & No. Job or Operation Sampling 1974 Time Date (min.) Conc'n based on S-hour sampling time time No. fibers >5/U weighted in length/cm-3 air cor.c' n Warehouse #5650 Cutting 1/18 asbestos board 2 2.3 0.01 #5650 Cutting 1/18 asbestos cloth 2 2.3 0.01 Brickmason Crew #1522 Mixing Insulag 1/18 inside shed 4 4.7 0.04 Carpenter Shop *Iasonry #5483 Cutting asbes 1/19 13 tos roll with % ; band saw #861 Caulking Blast Fee. 1/21 102 22.2 + 0.60 r^- *a3 0.085 Carpenter Shop R. Carey -------- Sawing transite 1/23 5 46.3 + 0.48 OSHA 8-hour, time-weighted standard = 5 fibers } 5/U in length/cm^ of air. + Exceeds OSHA ceiling concentration of 10 fibers > 5jj- in lenyth/cn^ of air, not to be exceeded at any time during an 8-hour shift. IV. COMMENTS: A. Cadmium Plant: Although tape sampler results show low airborne lead and cad mium levels in this department, personal monitor values in dicate otherwise. All three employees sampled showed excessive exposure to lead and cadmium. Although the craneman's overall lead and cadmium exposure appears less than that of the other two cadmium workers sampled, he may actually experience much higher excursions during the time he loads the hopper. Personnel in this department appeared to be firmly committed to respirator wearing. HER 0004004 5 B. Zinc Plant: The only employee sampled was in the kiln area. Both lead and zinc oxide fume exposures were in excess of the OSHA 8-hour standards. Respirator-wearing appeared to be generally good. C. Lead Plant: With one exception all personal monitor results in this de partment exceeded the OSHA lead standard. The results of the sampler located in the Sinter Plant confirm this conclusion. The tape sampler located in the Blast Furnace area showed generally low levels of airborne lead, whereas the personal monitor results for the same area indicated that individual exposures are much greater. Respirator-wearing appeared to be faithfully adhered to in the Lead Plant, except for occasional laxness in the Blast Furnace area. D. Asbestos Sampling Results: Of the six samples taken, two were in excess of the OSHA max imum allowable standard (Carpenter Shop). Eight-hour, timeweighted average concentrations for all samples were below the OSHA limit. In the cases of the Insulag mixing and asbestos roll cutting, respirators were worn during sampling. Based on the OSHA 8-hour standard and the.infrequency of the operation, asbestos sheet and cloth cutting in the warehouse constitutes a negligible health hazard. Insulag mixing and Blast Furnace caulking, also intermittent operations, would fall into a low-hazard category. Mixing would become even less of an exposure problem if the task were performed in the open air and not in a small enclosure. Management has already given verbal assurance that the prac tice of cutting asbestos rolls with band saws and all similar operations which generate heavy dust concentrations will be promptly discontinued. Transite sawing, if continued, requires engineering controls, such as local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems, to attain compliance with the OSHA ceiling concentration standard. Compliance is not achieved by the use of respira tors only. A copy of the OSHA asbestos standard is enclosed with this report. HER 0004005 6 V. RECOMMENDATIONS; A. The Lead Department continues to be the principal industrial hygiene problem area at El Paso. Personal monitor results obtained by both OSHA and ASARCO substantiate the findings of past surveys. As recommended in earlier reports, engi neering controls should be investigated and applied at the earliest opportunity. B. Personal exposures to both lead and zinc oxide fume continue to be high in the zinc kiln area. The reasons for these per sistently high levels should be reviewed and remedial actions taken. A materials handling study should be conducted to determine major exposure sources. Following such determina tions, engineering controls may be installed or work practices may be altered as needed. C. Ways of providing relief for the Cadmium Department crane operator from heavy exposures to lead and cadmium should be investigated. One possibility might be an air line respirator,. Another is the installation of a closed-cab air conditioner equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Means of reducing the personal exposures of the Cadmium Plant firemen should likewise receive immediate attention. D. Where the policy of respirator-wearing has succumbed to iso lated cases of indifference, such as in the Blast Furnace area, a program of renewed emphasis should be mounted. The OSHA inspector praised ASARCO's respirator program as well as its almost universal acceptance among the employees. From the point of view of a future OSHA industrial hygiene inspec tion, one-hundred percent compliance with respirator use would weigh heavily in El Paso's favor. But as a matter of every-day practice, El Paso should continually demonstrate its total commitment to the program. E. Employees who routinely use asbestos or asbestos products, such as Insulag and transite, should be apprised of the poten tial hazard. Wherever practicable, wet handling of asbestos rope, sheets or cloth should be encouraged. Cutting sheets or rolls with high-speed saws should be banned, especially in confined areas, where exposure may recur as traffic stirs up settled fibers. Good housekeeping practices should include prompt clean-up of any asbestos products littering the work area. Vacuuming is the clean-up method of preference. Copper department masons who use asbestos cloth to form skirts around the converter hoods and the masons who caulk blast furnaces should be encouraged to wear their respirators. HER 0004006 7 If transite sawing is continued, a properly designed local exhaust ventilation system should be installed in the carpen ter shop to control airborne fiber concentrations below OSHA limits during cutting. Posting of caution signs is mandatory whenever concentrations of asbestos fibers may exceed either the 8-hour time-weighted average or the ceiling concentration standard. In addition, caution labels should be attached to any asbestos product, waste, scrap or fixture except where asbestos fibers have been modified by a coating, binder or other agent, and the release of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits is not foreseeable during handling or use. JBR/nrh Enel. cc: WRKelly LCTravis KDLoughridge DHSoutar KWNelson AJGillespie,Jr./JPStetson REBeckstead EHHaug Dr.CHHine v -MOVarner John B. Richardson v" Environmental Specialist HER 0004007 A .ii b o rn e Lead ( llll,/n r ) A ir b o r n e Cadm ium 12 N 1/16/74 12M Time of Day 6 1/17/74 1 OtJ HER 0004008 0.4 0.3 c v 0. o S u H 0.1 4- Figure 4 - CADMIUM STOR-_ AGE SHED Location: South End of -- -- Storage (ore) Area ZZ Breathing Zone -- On: 4:30 p.m. 1/17/74 -- NOTE: Craneman works two~ E hours on day shift to ~ fill hoppers for roas- ;-- ter. Average Lead Conc'n.: 0.13 mg/m^ " ~ x_ -i-OSHA -S-l} -Jeab--i-------- ANDARD- 0.7 0.51 o.4i m :le5i 1/18/74 her 0004009 o a c S-J o .3 S-i H < 12 N 6 1/18/74 12M Time of Dny 6 l/ii/74 HER 0004010 nono Table 0-2 SlAtrrtal S-bour ttce Ti elsbteil arenge Acceptable ceUInp concentration Acceptable mmbnm peet 6bora the acceptable ceiUaz conceatn* tloo (or aa S-bour siUt. "-- Concentration Jiaxiatca duration i-ir.,;.,; . ____ 10p.pja.-~m=. 23 p.pja-- r.c. " iVry'jluJi codpouail 2./ii'..----------6.ftl:----------- 50 p.p.ta________ 10 salnatee; SSvzJit1--------- 30 amalo. u:\0:t Cis: ,,r;}Oa tc: zi- rzr.5-ioTM--------it 1237.5-IS7C}....... r> ; 237.3-1&6S)........ :L;u.itle (237.17-1567). 0.1 ja;./M--------- 3=sJ3I*------- = 0.2 djiMi____ 0.6 cjg./i:>--- 20 p.pja________30 P-PJJ---------10 p.pja_______ 25 P-P-ta--------- 100 p.pja_______ 200 p.p.n_______ 6 slaatee la any 4 horns; d-.I.r.-.ctiJe (Z37AI-1970)-----F.tbj-teae Jt-.blaridc (Z37.21-1969)-..- 29 p.pja..--___ 30 p.pja. 60 p.pja--t.TM SO p.pja_______ 100p.p.a_________ 200 p.pja---------- 6 Ednatee. 6mimitala soy 3 boors: To---a.\);>-t? !737. 1P57)----------------------- 3 p.pja_________6 p.pja. 10 p.pja------------ 30 mineto. T-rdreien iriand? fZ37.2S-1960)__________ Tl-Jirljesi 'J.tit (Z".2S-1=69)........................ L?j'! aac ill i_o.~aatc coiapouadi (Z37.ll- 2A 0.2 rsihi* "I i ----............ Mttuyi cMorvae (Z37.15-19a9)...-.------ ICO p.pja_____ 200 p.pja. _____ 300 p.pja. 6 mlnnto in any 3 boas: t-r'.iai Ctds: ie (23775-1068). SCO p.pja...e~ 1,000 p.pja----------- 2,000 p.pja-------- 5 minutes la any 2 boas; 0-1=0 (I'A-b ne.--J-T (237X0-1660)--------- 0.01 zzgjll K z. , (7737.16-1969)______________________ 100 p.pja... 0.04 =j/SU200 p.pja..--____ 6C0p.pJa________ 6 Eilnato ta any 3 hours; T.-jbtocoetbrleae (Z37.19-1657).~--.-- ____ do____ _______ 300 p.pja Tet.-wrioroethrisa* (237X3-1967)-------------------- do-------- ____ daiii* | _. . ............ fi&incus In any 2 boon, ficinntee in an 3 boon; Taliec* iZ3V.:-!C5n~,,,,~.--------------------- 200 p.pja. 300 p.pja_________ 600 p.pja... 20 p.pja60 ppa._ lOmnotsa. 10 mInn tee once OClf If BO otbrnajar* able exposure ' ocean. KerrarT (237.5-1371'-------------C'.ironic acid a=d c'lronaiw (( ______ _________________iBlgJlOU*____ 1371).._____________________ do*------------ Tasls C-3--MsrsuL.DTCn .. ........- . Mppel* . AcrodfB&siic diAOftter Percent passing (ttsi: dsaalry sphere)............. "srisetop - Quir;i (rcipira'uU)_______ 230 1 lOr-g'M* " rcS10r+ %SICM-2" 3522.."55.0....................................................................................................... .... ... . 90j gQ 10 - 0 Cnroiir?: rs*J^tae tw1* irom tie rr ior c,-jr :z. TT\v* y: rie rain* Iros the lor- A^rT-.:-iLs. i.v..ucirs Bsaral C- aCru!i " The cesuremeEits csder this note refer to the nee of fl-S:OH-2 an AEC uutronect. II the respirable fracGoa of coal dust is determined with a M R E the b^sre cormoondinjc to that ol 2.4 Mi/AP in the UhU lor coal dost is 4-5Xrs^ii^ 1910.93a Asbestos. (a) Definitions. For the purpose of this section, (1) "Asbestos" includes 20 E3=s,'jI1 chrysotlle, amosite, crocidollte, tremo- T-S*0: lite, anthophyUite, and actinollte. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos crys- fibers longer than 5 micrometers. ^ 1 I'.-................__ A .... 1 r-'tOs-itonz)..- Ts c iL*S9 si bestow CO 20 20> T;.'tc. ; - C-rr.-f-na C-: i rstc, febroofl) ............ ....... uue Iractloa CO 15 ____ Ter :h*_ 57f S:0:______ --rt C.imSr^2 or 1 I-;-" ' ' `-A - - D=s:: TrSiOH-t 15 S=g!M> 60 15=g,'M> (b) Permissible esrposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--U) Standard effective July 7, 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 mierrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. (2) Standard effective July 1. 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers Not-: C;..:.r.-n (Actors-- --' V "m particles p-r cubic meter to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than " *5 P7*r c.c. _5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of ; - r * ' !>- cubic foot of air. bteed ou by t_nc-/iei<l technics. air. as decemined by the method pre /- <: si'.La m tae formula scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. .- tr.~ - : :- -r:r.;nAd from air-bore* sample, ps' * ;.i wfcicb other met'aodi ti*e beeu (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployes shall be e.xposed at any time to . ~ "* >/ f!*> m-mbraae filter metboU at airborne cencentrations of asbestos f c " l'r- ;k ' ....... ' >'. .v:.U p-*rcea: qr..\rtr. far tr. applit*> (rod tbo frjciiou '*v-*p. :!it* ijll'ivan:; ch.xra-.tcTistu^: < ` 1 qua;::;> 1\': quarts, Lia quarts fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed m paragraph (e) of this section. (c) Methods of compliance--(1) En~^ gineering methods, (i) Engineering con-2 trols. Engineering controls, such as, butUf not limited to, isolation, enclosure. ex~i haust ventilation, and dust collection.'^ shall be used to meet the exposure limits-^ prescribed in paragraph (b) of this-3 section. -5 (li) Loccl exhaust ventilation. (ch=i Local exhaust ventilation and dust col--a lection systems shall be designed, con--=6 structed. installed, and maintained in4 accordance with the American National-a Standard Fundamentals Governing the-J Design and Operation of Local Exhaust 4 Systems, ANSI Z9-2-1971. which is in--) corporated by reference herein. -'73 (b) See 3 1910.6 concerning the avail--a ability of ANSL..2922-1971, and then} maintenance of a historic file in connec-5>i| tion therewith. The address of the Amer-3ji lean National. Standards Institute iasi given in S 1910.100. (iii) Particular tools. All hand-op-v} erated and power-operated tools which/#, may produce or release asbestos fibers.-)# in excess of the exposure limits pre--^ scribed in paragraph (b) of this section.'.^ such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, - abrasive wheels-,- and drills, shall be pro--i vided with local.exhaust ventilation sys--a terns in accordance with subdivision (il> - i of this subparagraph:;;;.' .........../ (2) ' Work practices--(i) Wet methods, r Insofar as practicable;-asbestos shall be-r handled, mixed, applied., removed, cut..3 scored, or otherwise worked in a wet.-d state sufficient to prevent the emission . e of airborne-fibers--in-excess of the ex- 4 posure limits prescribed in paragraph ^ (b) of this section, unless Ahe. usefulness 3 of the product- would--be diminished ;i thereby. . 'll.;. . . -j (ii) Particular-products and opera- -3 tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat- -4| ing, grout, plaster, or similar material jj containing asbestos shall be removed ll| from bags, cartons.-or.other containers lii in which they are-shipped, without being 41 either wetted, or . enclosed, or ventilated i so as to prevent effectively the release of ; airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the i limits prescribed- in paragraph Cb) of ^ this section. - ~ (iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal, j Employees engaged in the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of .: pipes, structures.- or equipment covered .or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in- > sulation or coverings shall be provided T with respiratory equipment in accordance with paragraph (d)(2) (iii) of this- : section and with special clothing in ac- J cordance with paragraph <d) (3) of this section. (d) Personal protective equipment-- (1) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees, except: (i) During the time period necessary to install the engineering controls and to institute the work practices required by paragraph (c) of this section: (ii) In work situations in which the methods prescribed in paragraph tc) of FShiCAL R = G;S7E3, VOL. 37, NO. 702--WEDNESDAY, 0CT035* 16, 107; HER 0004011 RULES AND REGULATIONS 221-J:) '--..this section are either technically not -- feasible or feasible to an extent insuffi' cleat to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits - - prescribed by paragraph (b) of this - section: or (in) In emergencies. (;v) Where both respirators and peryw-sonnsl rotation are allowed by subdiri. .iwsions (i), (ii). or (iii) of this subparaic-graph, and both are practicable, person,, In nel rotation shall be preferred and used. * (2) Where a respirator is permitted by subparagraph (I) of this paragraph, it -tH-.shall be selected from among those ap. proved by the Bureau of Hines, Departf S. men: of the Interior, or the National In; stttut-e for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Eaucar.cn. and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CrR Part 11 (37 F.R. 6244, Mar. 25, -V 1372), and shall be used in accordance v--- with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) > . of this subparagraph, i (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusa- I- hie or single use air purifying respirator, cr a respirator described in subdivision '. (ii) cr (iii) cf this subparagraph, shall . be used to reduce the concentrations of -> ' airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator ^ below the exposure limits prescribed in -- paragraph (b) -of this section, when the r- ceiling or the S-hour time-weighted aver ts' age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed i.~ no more than 10 times those limits. (ii) Petered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, . :;t- shall be used to Teduce the concentrai*,y-nans of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre- -Vv scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, ; 3^-when the ceiling cr the 8-hour time- 'Vr- weighted average concentrations of ^^asbestos fibers are reasonably expected :> to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times. '.b (hi) Type "C" suppUed-air respirators, -h-- ccr.~~~j.ous riots or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow cr pres- fi-- -sure-demaad, supplied-air respirator -a---shall be used to reduce the concentra- i<~:icns cf airborne asbestos fibers in the -^-respirator below the exposure limits pre- -yh-- scr.bed in paragraph (b) of this section, wnsn the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weignted average airborne concentra- yw* tions cf asbestos fibers are reasonably m-r. expected t-o exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of c respirator pro- p*-- gram, (c) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with rrr tne requirements of the American Ni- t.onal Standards Practices for Respira- Protection, ANSI ZS3.2-1959, which is incorporated by reference herein. " -e 5 1910.6 concerning the avail- v - ability cf ANSI ZE8.2-1969 and the main- "* tenance of an Historic file in connection til. ice address of the American d Standards Institute is given in 03. (c) No '^s.-:s rep: tlcyee shall be assigned to g the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examination, an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by his use of a respirator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity, status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such a different position is available. (3) Special clothing: The employer shall provide, and require the use of, spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer shall proride change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes.. . (iii) Laundering: (a) Laundering of asbestos contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any employer who gives asbestos- contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in (a) of this subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. End labeled in accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations cf airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 X (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (1) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi cation of this section, every employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits pre scribed in paragraph Co > of this sec tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em ployer shall immediately undertake a compliance program ir. accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Personal monitoring--(i) Sam ples shall be collected from within the breathing cone of the employees, on membrane filters cf 0.8 micrometer po rosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken tor the determination of the 8-hour tirr.eweighted average airborne concentra tions and of the ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shah the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(i) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shah -be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter bolder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceding con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels cf exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have a-ccess to the .records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs, (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers. (ii) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by subdivision (i) cf this subparagraph shall conform to the re quirements of 20" x H" vertical format signs specified m ( 1910.H5(c > (4.1. and to this subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following leger.c m the lower panel, with, letter sizes and styles of a visibility at ies;st equal to that specified in this subd.viiion. Z7,FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. NO, ICE--V/EDNESt o HER 0004012 22144 Legend Asbestos----------------- ~ Notation paragraph, which indicates the em 1" Sans Serif. ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. Gothic or (3) Employee notification. Any em Dust Hazard------------------- d Breathing Dust-- V. ear Assigned Protective Equipment. Do No: Remain In Area Unless Vo.tr Worn Re quires It. Breathing Asbestos Dust May Ee Hazardous To Your Health. Bloch. 5',' Sans Serif, Gothic or Bloch. i/t" Gothic. 54" Gothic. 54" Gothic. 14 pom- Gothic. ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral. The employer shall provide or make available at his-cost, medical examina Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels-- (i) Labeling. Cau- tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that tions relative to exposure to asbestos re quired by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment in an occupation exposed to airborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre no label is required where asbestos fibers hensive medical examination, which shall have been modified by a bonding agent, include, as a minimum, a chest roentcoating, binder, or other material so that .genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 during any reasonably foreseeable' use, inches), a history to elicit symptom handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed in letters or sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Causa Serious Bodily Harm (h) Housekeeping--Cl) Cleaning. All atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests- to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second- (FEVLo). (3) Annual examinations. On or be fore January 31, 1973, and at least an nually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced external surfaces in any place of employ expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVi.o), ment shall be maintained free of accu (4) Termination of employment. The mulations o: asbestos fibers if, with their employer shall provide, or make avail dispersion, there would be an excessive able, within 30 calendar days before or concentration. after the termination of employment of (2) '.Vasts disposal. Asbestos waste, strap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing, consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, processing, dis posal, or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure Units prescribed in paragraph Co ' of section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVi.o). or other closed, impermeable containers. (5) Recent examinations. No medical (1) Recordkeeping--(1) Exposure rec ords. Even* employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 2 years and shall be made avail examination is required of any em ployee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--(i) Mainte able upon request to the Assistant Secre nance. Employers of employees examined tary of Labor for Occupational Safety pursuant to this paragraph shall cause and Health, the Director of the National to be maintained complete and accurate Institute for Occupational Safety and records of all such medical examina Health, ar.d to authorized representa tions. Records shall be retained by tives of either. employers for at least 20 years. (2) Employee access. Every employee (ii) Access. The contents of the rec - '1 former employee shall have reason- ords of the medical examinations i access to any record required to be required by this paragraph shall be made maintained by subparagraph (1) of tins available, for inspectioa and copying. to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physi cians and medical consultants of either of them, and, upon the request of an em ployee or former employee, to his physi cian. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the infor mation specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical in formation related to occupational ex posure to asbestos fibers. t 51910.94 Ventilation. (a) Abrasive blasting--(1) Defini tions applicable to this paragraph.--(i) f Abrasive. A solid substance used in an J abrasive blasting operation. A (ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A s continuous flow air-line respirator con Jt structed so that it will cover the wearer's 4 head, neck, and shoulders to protect bim from rebounding abrasive. (iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose vari ous surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray. (iv) Blast cleaning room. A complete enclosure in which, blasting operations I are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material. (v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting norale through an opening or openings in the enclosure. (vi) Clean air. Air of such purity that It will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time. (vii) Dust collector. A device or com bination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system. (viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A system for removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more of the foilowdng elements..(c) enclosure or hood, (b) duct work, (c) dust collect ing equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack. (ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An air purifying respirator, commonly re ferred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dust or fume from the air passing through the device. (x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in sizes capable of passing through the up per respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages. (xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays. (xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pres sure, or centrifugal force. (2) Dust hazards from abrasive blast ing. (i) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting Ot tc P' ti ir. h: d. ti o` It b S' c s f V. 0 ti r V t 1 t ( I t : s v : FEDEtAL KiCIITil, VOi 37, NO. 202--WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1972 HER 0004013 I A.I.S.I. Tape sampler monitoring airborne lead near Blast Furnace No. 1. Fugitive emissions in the area of Blast Furnace No.l. HER 0004014 I Uncontrolled emissions from slag tapping the zinc fuming furnace (picture reversed) Opening plugged tuyeres on Blast Furnace No. 1. HER 0004015 Hooding for No. 3 Blast Furnace (foreground) controls metal fumes from slag and lead kettle. Movable hood controls fumes during matte tapping from copper reverb. HER 0004016