Document 99K3GY6aoOrJ2dj4QdYjNo8zV

FILE NAME: Marley (MAR) DATE: 0000 DOC#: MAR028 DOCUM ENT DESCRIPTION: Report-Physical Properties of Asbestos Fibers-Nicolet PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOS FIBERS C hrysotilo A m ositc A nthophyllitc C rocidolito Trem oiito Acti Specific heat B .t.u ./lb ./* F _ 0 .2 6 6 Average tensile strength f-- 3 5 0 ,0 0 0 (ib ./s q . in.) 0 .1 9 3 0 .2 1 0 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 . 4 ,0 0 0 & less 0 .2 0 1 500 ,0 0 0 0 .2 1 2 5,0 0 0 1.00C Tem p, at m ax. ignition lo ss, *F _ _ - 1 .8 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 to 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 Filtration p rop erties _ _ S lo w Fast M edium Fast M edium . . Me E lec tr ic c h a r g e _____ _ _ P o s. N eg. Neg. _ - N eg. N eg.. F F u sio n p o in t, * F __I _ _ 2 ,7 7 0 2 ,5 5 0 ; ,2 ,6 7 5 2 ,1 8 0 # 2 ,4 0 0 2, S p in n a b ility _ Very good Fair Poor . - Fair Poor F R esistan ce to acids & alkalies _ M a g n e tite c o n t e n t _____ Poor 0 -5 .2 Good 0 Very good 0 Good '3 .0 -5 .9 Good . 0 V ' 1 * M in era l im p u r itie s p r e s e n t ____ - I r o n , c h r o m e , nickel, lim e Iron Iron r . Iron L im e Lim Flexibility A _ _____ ___- H igh Good Poor Good Poor F R esistan ce to heat _ ...... - G o o d . B r ittle G o o d . B rittle a t high tem p. at high tem p. Very good Poor, fu se s Fair to good lo n iz a b le s a lt s , m ic r o m h o s ____ 1 (R elative elec, con d uctan ce) 1 .8 2 1 .3 4 0 .5 8 0 .8 4 ' -- : - <* Y ellowish- C o lo r. _ _____ ___ Y ellowish- brown, som e B lu e W hite Gr< to w hite brown tim es alm ost . ' .w hite * .. P e r Cent Loss in W eight, Room Tem perature 26C. for 5 2 8 Hours t . -v * 2 5 % A cid o r C a u stic ~ HCI C H 3COOH h 3p o , H 2S O 4 A ctinolite ___ _ 2 2 .5 5 1 2 .1 4 2 0 .1 0 ' . : 2 0 . 60 A m o s ite _____ ___ -- 1 2 .0 0 3 . 0 8 ' .11 8 3 ' 11 .7 1 A nthophyllite __ 2 .1 3 1 . 04 3 .2 9 ' 2 . 90 C h r y s o t ila __ C r o c i d o l i t e _____ ________ __ _ . - 56.00 * 3 . 14 ' 2 4 . 04 1.0 2 56.45 . 3.91 56*. 00 .MARDEP000454 3 .4 8 PROPERTIES OF ASBESTOS FIBRES * STRUCTURE M IIIE R A U A SSO C IA T IO N O R IG IN V E IN IMG E S S E N T IA L CO M PO SITIO N T H EO R ET IC A L FORMULA CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CRYSTAL SYSTEM COLOR LUSTRE A C T IIIO LIT E RE TIC U L A TED LOQ P * l | . M A T I C C R Y S T A L S ANO r i brcs AM O SITE fFERRO AH TH O PH YU.ITE) L A M E L L A . C O A R S E TO FINE MBfiOUS A S O E J T 1f ORU AND A H TKO PH YLLITE La m el la r , fibro us A S O f S T 1r O R M 1N U H S T O U | A N D I N C B YS Ta 1 1 I K E S C H I S T ) IH C O Y J TA L LIN C ETC. SCHISTS IN C RYSTALLIN E A ND C N C 1S S E S sch ist s Re s u l t s of c o n ta c t ME T AM OR PH I S M UETAMORPHIC Me t a m o r p h ic . FROM O LIV IN E usually CH RYSO TILE C R O C ID O U T E TrtEM OUTc IN VCIN5 or S C R P E K T i n r , F I B R O U S I N 1R O W S TOME S ETC. in a l t er e d PERIOOTITC AOJACCHT TO S E R P E N T I N E a IIMCSTCNC HEAR CONTACT n IT H O A R i r ip.r<rps rof.XS A L T E R A T I O N tt U E T A I r t O R T M I S M OF B A S I C I G H E 0 U 3 C O C K S I ROW R I C H S I L I C I OUS Ana I l l 1te IN QUART* rose s c h is t s REGIONAL METa MORPHISU lo n e , P r i s m a t i c ano F I B R O U S ACOfl C O A T E S iu Mg L iit;st 6a n a i "a l Vi * A T 1ON r n o o . OF H I G H L Y M A C n t s IAN r o c k s , METAMORPHIC ANP IG NEOUS POCr?;. W-ITAMORPH 1c S l i p or m a s s n i n e Co. Ms. F. SILICATE U A H * UP TO 5 % C nojs F i.n t S f i i c a Y l "*"o f Y c "a n d ' M g " H IG H E R IRON THAN AWTHO P H Y L L 1Tt SLIP. ENTEO M A S S F I B R E U N O R 1 AHO IN T ER L A C IN G Mg S IL IC A T E WITH IRON C (K ,F ) j I s i O j I ^ Hz O (Pe.M 3l5i03 1-5% HjO ( M s . F e > 7S i 80 2 2 ( 0 H ) 2 Lows THIN TO r i O R O U S COLUMNAR P r i s m a t i c , l a m e l l a r to r 1BAOUS P r i s m a t i c , l a m e l l a r to FIBROUS M O N O C L I N 1C ;I: O r t h o r h o m b i c Or t h o r h o m b i c C r o s s aho s l tr F i n n s H T D R 0 U 3 S I L I C A T E S OF M A C N C S 1A 3MgO. 2 S i 0 2 2H 2 0 FlflilOUS AKO A S B C S T IF O A M MONOCLINIC ( P s e u d o . ORTMORHoi-rs i c ? ) C ross rionr S I L I C A T E OF N o A N O FtWith some mated No Fe H,0 {SiO ,),FeSiO , X 0 C J Fionous M O N O CLIN Ic S l i p or m a ss f i b r e C a ft M g 5 1 L I C A T E S OWE W A T E R WITH C 8 2M3 s S i 8 2 2 I C H , 2 L O N G ft T H I N to rio n o u s C O L UMf * A fi MONOCLINIC Gut CHIIH SILKY AS H CRAY , G R E E N I S H . OR onooN VITREOUS, PEARL* SOMEWHAT Gray ish CRAY OR w h it e, GRECH brown v i m t o u s to rC A ia / WHITE, CRAY, YELLOWISH GREEN, SILKY Lavender. ish Blu e, Gr e e n , S I L K Y TO OULL G n A Y . W / H 1 TC . C C ( N I S M , YELLOWISH. BLUISH SILKY HARDNESS it 5 . 5 - 6,0 5 .5 -6 .0 2 .S -4 .0 A 5.5 S P E C IF IC G R A V IT Y J . 0 -- 3.1 3.1-- 3.25 CLEAVAGE O P T IC A L PRO PERTIES 1!0 P e rfe c t B ia x ia l h eg a tivc EXTINCTION INCLINED 110 P c r t c Y B I A X I A L a P O S I T I VC EXTINCTION PARALLEL R E F R A C T IV E INDEX F U SIO tL IT Y 1,63 t wtAKCY YLtOCMflOIC F u s i b l e at a F L E X IB IL IT Y S C U T T L E A N D HOW F L E X ! R L E LENGTH <L ' " ^TEXTURE n m o t e n s il e -O . .................... st ren g t h . & A C ID R ESIST A N CE S P IK IIA B 1L IT Y Sho * t to lonc Ha r s h V l. Y CK R lL A T IV IL Y IN HCl INSOLU.Lt POOR 1 ,64 F U S U l l C AT 6. L O S E S WATER AT MODERATE TCMjC*ATUnE* GOOO. L E S S CR V30 T LE THAN 2 " TO I I " VAR IE 5 C o a r s e but PLIABLE somcvhat F a ir , less CHRY30T H E than F a i r l y r e s i s t a n t to ACIDS Fair 2.05-3. 1 2.0 -- 2.6 I 10 PC RFEC T B ia xia l po sitive E xtin ctio n pa rallel 010 P t n c c T BIAXIAL POSITIVE e xtin c tio n parallel 1, 6 I I N F U S I B L E OR D I F F I C U L T . LY FU SIBLE VERY BRITTLE* FLEXIOLE NON. S hort 1.50 - 1.55 F u s is l e at 6 VERY FLEXIBLE S hort to long Harsh S oft A lso to h a r s h . silk y YERT WEAK F a i r l y r e s is t a n t to AC 1O S POOR Vtnv cooo S O L U B L E UP TO appro xim ately 57% BEST 3 . 2 - 3.3 110 PERFECT D 1 A X A L> t EXTINCTION IN C U N EO 1.7 PL OCMROIC 2 . 9 - 3 .2 110 PERFECT B ia x ia l mccative EXT I H C T I ON I H C L 1N E 0 I .6 1 F u s i o n Y 3 F U S 1BL E AT 4 F a i r to cooo S hort to long Ge n er ally S o m etim es b r it t l e . t lexio le S hort to long S o ft to h a rsh Very co oo , h ig h est OF A L L V A R I E T I E S F a i r l y c s is t a n t to ac ids Fa ir Gen erally S o m etim es harsh. soft CIA* F a i k l y r c s i s t a n t to AC 1OS Ge n e r a l l y p o o r . are SPINHA9LE S ome Recent studies dtitn that the crvslaf structure is monoclmic. lix u v jju A j - j i i j - ' v - j a .iv v KIHOLET AVENUE FLORHAM PARK, NEW JERSEY Specific heat B .t.u./!b./"F........ Tensile strength, Ib./sq. in........ Temp, at max. ignition loss. r ...................................... Filtration properties................... Electric charge........................ Fusion point. F.......................... Spinr.abilily................................ Resistance to acids & alkalies Mineral impurities present....... Resistance to heat...................... Ionizable salts, micro-mhos. . . . (Relative elec, conductance) Colour.......................................... * Physical Properties of Asbestos C hrysotile 0.266 80.000 100,000 l.SOO Slow Pos. 2.770 Very good Poor 0-5.2 Iron, chrome. nickel, lime High Good. Brittle at high temp. 1.82 Green, grey to whi te Amosite 0.193 16,000 90,000 1.600 to 1,800 Fast Meg. 2.550 Fair Good 0 Iron Good Good. Brittle a t high temp. 1.34 Yellowishbrown AXTIIOPHYLLITE Crocidolite 0.210 4,000 & less 0.201 100,000 300,000 1.800 Medium Meg. 2,675 Poor Very good 0 Iron 1.200 Fast Meg. 2,130 Fair Good 3.0-5.9 Iron Poor Very good Good Poor, fuses 0.58 0.84 Yellowish- Blue brown. Sometimes almost. white % T remoliti' 0.212 J-.000 8,000 1,800 Medium Meg. 2.100 Poor Good r. Lime ` Poor Fair to good White . Actinolite 0.217 1,000 & less -- Medium Meg. 2.540 Poor Fair __ _ Lime, iron Poor Greenish . .. -* Comparison of Approximate Fibre Diameters T ype ok F ibre | F ibre Diameter in Inches ! F ibrils in One Linear Inch Human hair..................... i-rie r? , > o o l . `..V.A .H f r ... C otton............................. Ravons. ........................... X y lo n ................................ Glass........... ..................... Rock w eel.................... Asbestes iC H ry so tik rt.. ' . 0.C0158 : 0.0CCS85 0.CC08 to 0.0011 1. 0.C004 0.0003 0.0003 0.CC025 0.000142 to 0.0002S4 O.C0CCO07C6 to 0.00000118 630 1,015 900 to 1,250 2.5C0 3.300 3,300 . ; 3,840 3,520 to 7,040 850,000 to 1,400,000 Comparison, of Tensile Strengths of Various Materials ! T ype of Material T ensile Strength (L'o./Sq. In.) I Ingot iron................. ; i Wroughtiron............ ! 45.000 43.000 Carbon steel..............i 155.000 Ni-Cr steel................ j i Piano steel w ire.. 243.000 300.000 Cotton fibre.__ 73,000 to 89,000 R o c k w o o l........... 00,000 Glass fibre.................: 100.000 to200.000 Chrysotile asbestos oO.COOto 100,000 Comparison of Surface Area o f Various Fibres Crocidolite asbestos.: 100,000 to 300,000 Effect of Temperature on Loss in Weight of Asbestos Fibres T ra s ok Fihr 3 S ;:r :-'ack A r e a by X - Adsoriuion iSq. Cm./Gram) Nylon......................... : A ccstcrsyo.'i........... i C o t to n ........................ .3,100 3.800 7.200 ! Wool...........................j 9.600 Viscose ravon............ J' 9.EC0 Asbestos (Chrysotile) >130,000 to 220,000 I T ump. F. 400 600 7(i0 800 900 1.000 una wm 1.300 T me 2 hr Amosite . % 0.23 0.57 0.80 0.98 1.07 1.16 1.36 1.39 1.43 1.52 1.53 ` Iron changing jn weight due to oxidation. Loss in Weight NTHOPI1YLLITE 0.05 0.24 0.30 0.38 0.11 0.44 0.52 0.54 0.54 0.64 1.12 1.73 2.39 C hrysotile % 0.30 0.85 1.73 2.17 2.83 3.99 10.2 12.75 13.43 13.62 13.77 MARDEP000456 C roc. pppO For the caustic solubility tests, solid pellets of sodium hydroxide w ere dissolved in distilled w ater to obtain a 25 per cent solution, by weight. Each- fibre sample, consisting of 10 gram s, was accurately weighed nnd placed in a flask containing 300 c.c. of the 25 per cent acid or caus tic solution. Tw o sets of tests were conducted, one at room tem perature (20C .) for indefinite periods, the other at boiling tem perature in a reflux con denser for two hours. A t the end of each test, the fibres were removed from the solutions, washed free from acids or caustic, dried, and weighed. Table I I I shows the solubilities of these particular asbestos fibres in the fpur acids used and in caus tic soda. T he action of boiling acids on asbestos fibres is severe, with chrysotilc the most soluble. Acetic acid was not so effective as the m ineral acids in dissolving chrysntile, and caustic had even less action on this mineral. . A fter chrysotilc fibres had lost 55 per cent of their weight, exam ination showed the fibre structure to be almost all silica, brittle, and very fragile. The high solubility values for actinolite are, it is believed, due to the presence of soluble m inerals as im purities in the commercial product used by industry. A nthophvllite seemed to resist acid action better than any other variety with . crocidolite second best, tremolite third, and amosite fourth. A ll these solubilities would vary depending upon the source of the fibre and w hether the sam ples rep resented pieces of `crudes', o r m illed fibres as purchased on the m arket. T he action of acids and caustic T able III.--SoLU m un of Asbestos Per Cent Loss in Weight, Re-fluxing Two Hours 25% Acid or Caustic HC1 Cl I:,COOII H:,PO, HjSOi Actinolite.................... Amosite....................... A n th o p h y llite ............. Chrysotile................... Crocidolite.................. Tremolite..................... 20.31 12.84 2.66 55.69 4.38 4.77 12.28 2.63 0.60 23.42 0.91 1.99 20.19 11.67 3.16 55.18 4.37 4.99 20.38 11.35 2.73 55.75 3.69 4.58 NnOH 9.25 6.97 1.22 0.99 1.35 1.80 Per Cent Loss in Weight, Room Temperature 26C. for 528 Hours . 25% Acid or Caustic HC1 Actinolite. .................. Amosite....................... A n th o p h y lite ............ Chrysotile................... Crocidolite : ................ T re m o lite .................... 22.55 12.00 2.13 56.00 3.14 4.22 CH3COOH 12.14 3.08 1.04 24.04 1.02 1.41 HjPCb H 3SO< 20.10 " 11.83 3.29 56.45 3.91 4.89 20.60 11.71 2.90 56.00 3.48 4.74 NaOH 9.43 6.82 1.77 ' 1.03 1.20 1.65 a t room tem perature is slower than at boiling tem peratures but if the fibres arc kept immersed in the solv ent for a sufficient length of time, the solubilities finally reach the values obtained at boiling tempera tures. T he tests at room tem perature were conducted for periods of 21 hours, 192 hours, 360 hours, and 528 hours. A fter each time period, the fibres were removed, washed, and weighed, and the solubility cal culated. T he fibres were then re placed in fresh solutions of acid or caustic to begin the next cycle. For convenience, only the solubil ity d ata fo r 528 hours are given in T able I I I since at this point most of the fibres apparently reached their maximum solubility, and this was approxim ately equal to the sol ubility after a two-hour treatm ent in boiling acids or caustic. Such inform ation is invaluable to a m anufacturer desiring to produce an asbestos product which will be exposed to conditions sim ilar to those in the tests. The most resist a n t fibre, if available in commercial quantities, naturally will be select ed for the product. E fff.ct of H eat on Asbestos Since asbestos fibres frequently are exposed to elevated tem pera tures, it is necessary to determine which fibre most satisfactorily meets the demands. W ith this in mind, the same fibres as used in the solubility tests were subjected to two hours' exposure at tem peratures varying from 400F. to 1,800F., and the w eight loss measured. The samples, after dry in g to elim inate su rface m oisture, were Weighed, placed in a muffle T able IV.-- E ffect of Temperature on Loss in Weight of Asbestos F ibres T emp. F. 400 600 700 800 900 1.000 1.100 1,200 1,400 1,500 1,600 1.700 1,800 T ime 2 hr. ** * Amosite % 0.23 0.57 0.80 0.98 ' 1.07 1.16 1.36 1.39 1.43 1.52 1.53 ^Tron changing in weight due to oxidation. Loss in Weight Anthophyllite % Chrysotile % 0.05 0.24 0.30 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.52 0.54 0.54 0.64 .1.12 1.73 2.39 0.30 0.85 1.78 2.17 2.83 3.99 10.38 12.75 13.43 13.62 13.77 Crocidolite % T remolite % 0.08 0.25 0.49 0.73 0.83 0.86 LOO 1.04 1.03 0.93* 0.77* 0.04 0.08 0.13 0.22 0.26 0.29 0.37 0.37 0.47 0.56 . 0.67 1.40 m RDEP0llfcl%7