Document 99BGzN1xe2ZNwrpwZ16DN9BLp

"Jg" I 3-l|ltf,iiiWjlllMpJI' ClA2?4?5 'J 's ii mp .e .j u i y.wwr> Ss.s 111 L1&22*26 PORCELAIN ENAMELS FOR ALUMINUM 5 ~After more (tun 15 >*ara in rtvinA. <loiiym(i<. mS commercial evaluation. porcelain enameled ahum* nun t\ fMinf t%ci mcrrMng im% in ardiitMurt, Mph and a bod of newer applicnamv" ^ *th Ihoe Mr. B. Hhder ol DuPont rcwwh mmnurimi che rapiJIt gnminp ourkdv for porcrUm numctnl ^tuminum I he a*mm*n den*mmator n (has prmtW equation t\ (hr unnpir comhnalKW <4 pr>pc'tK*> otlftcd hv porcelain enameled aluminum - the dor* aHc cidor oi porcelain ciumd and the itfhino* c4 aluminum - a combination uhtch h hard to heat WHAT ARE THE ENAMELS? Aluminum pirctUm numch dMitwlK ditlcf h i lao a<it from owvrniavul pMivlam ctumrl^ lor ttrd> liilfftciko ahull make ( pHvNr to Mjrcndulh itxtl alummum* 1 f inn* tcmpeialurcv arc 5fi to Mat h** ,* v:u 1-0 1020 1 I. and. 2 ( A-Okidil id Ihmul ctpamum t\ cumdiiaNv hijrticf 14 to in % |t * m. n C'.i * I aiK a!iimpr% to applv porcelain enamel to aluminum u k x I (hi* MffMrumn uMnv *l Wad to lorm km mdimf plaN'O huk.vo*Jul nuimp rtf tthamnl. Kit then p*x*r ihcmkal rontaikr utlrtnl little KHRftKrOat UtllltV fa.'*.i4 W ' . 1v>*i i. * . f i 5 h (** aiKa*a i l*na| n M Oh m U--|*.M--. it 100 AM n * **** ikawnHi tw ha *- ** - *** is H >0% ykti - * m* *r * kiCawt, 0*a* 0 a>mi h j i imq; >fHIWUHT1ipW>yWPWW It* linmil law o y * N 1954.01 jh.VaAW V LIA2EA27 * ; X 3 i ! - -1 A i; 3 > * *> - 2 * The first compinitions of red (immacul vjtur m Jadoped ami introduced K Duhni over 10 vran a^. Since this firtl introducin'*. tV (M of (VXCtUm oumcki) lummum Hai frown mi llui kwLit unlaNc lead hearing f arc wpplicil h all if IV ma^w In ptinhicin. IV cwntul cumpimoNt of they ounyk ate lead male, tfica. and Ik alkali proufi Ik/), Na-O, li.-Ol. particular!} hthiura oxide. Wohn thh t>ym. alt increase tf the ratio of lead to tdya and alkali * ill increase IHe flott ami flow of tV enamel. Kit at wune kht of acid rtWawe. TV alkali proup k c w miH Cic tV Ncnlnl hifh iocffnitm of expansion. At in all ceramic %} stems IhtHiph. it n tV pwper ImlMce" of lead, silica, and alkali which a ^4pSly m l4 % laa* Irw 0mmj a dbai i *i | MK 57 (* S.g*- ttm m krta-w< W tip* a--flam p--wW alp**pa > tf a ImIi a m a Qa ytwl a Utf n|ia< wN Pliwi pd Iwll fcpt a --aaH ffcaf * krtfiy yfP>l apart? apa*** f*ai Ac ya*e C s* on Indvitriol hwldinft tlw w*al tka N 41m IMn i C>mh M| tN'M fra a Op ct? at aUwnfck. t*M * m ** NOJMO fti at p--f (ala C. ,-vi. m m * Ca r- 'f f u i 's u r w 'px i i . n i i w ^ ! i i w ii n o n ip p u i o 'i achicscs h* firmp temperature. hiph fimv. Hipli thermal c\puns*n. rth rudknl chcmcil xlahdit). I'siutlv. vane **t the silica will V replaced In titania. Smelted ei the frit. t^jnu ik>o M inerc*'* acid re* vMirut a\ m.pht he expected, hut a added to nerny apinp sfahilris m water suspensams Trtanta mill addiluah. howexer. wifi increase ad tendance treler to hpure .1). S>*me NSwr midifteatayn ol the haste frit that kne become ncvnvin are: I Antimom pefthude K added m small percent* apes to icduce the tendency of the cftamch to darken where there are tracesorganic matter. M, as k the usual practice, lor iipacification 2. Ho n Oxide n added h i wnaH pmmlapcs to reduce icarmp and ciawlmp t. In practise. opacit) rs obtained by titania mitt additmns Irtama in tV Irit will produce wane <VAiti Kn hiph iparii cannot V oKamed in this wa>. a These enamel* are stable wHh all cohuinp nx* ales except the cadmium sulphmc^cmdr red and otanpe pipments I ipht jnreent cadmium oxide it'dOl in the hit wi'l Mikk/r (ley pipmentv however. . r vr o IW> i uprw. -ww1 majupjt nu.uai4i!i%>agp.1^1; '4!ypjJv>ty o11 I r $ o WiAfl 1L|JUI_U11#. LI A224*28 UaMkHNaadb 1 WHERE ARE THEY BEING USED? Participatmp Hi the mormoth prowth of the curiam finishes lot parts and houunp in industrial and con ad awcqM in rdutalurt. porcelain numdcJ sumer machinery and appliances. ForccUw enamel, aluminum * r\pccl( its major nuild M hr archi of ciHtrr, rs ideal lit such applications. Unlike or* tectural mJ|. \umemih rumples n( tlticv huiU- panic fetishes. pseedam cnamd is cotorfavl and nil mpv tnanufaeturinp pUmv and schs*uk. to lumr hut pise years if service, hemp biphly resislaM to had. a Ira. can hr cited - a fra are shown on these papev abrvsrse near, deterpent s. mid alkalies and acids. But mans other lupn heuks flat panch are aval* able. Fabricated forms such n extruded trim, ex* So far. porcdrii cnamd has been applied only to panded metal and louxTed dupes are addtnp ctdorful permanent osold castmpx. But the process is applicable tuphhphls hi many m huiUmp. fcsen preyed nail to any casiinp nith a consistently dene physical slnv l4r that can hr applied ripht mtr otd ceramic lAr K ture that ntU withstand frinp temperatures nnbou axatUMc. deforminp or surface Mistering. Bmsev recesses and special shapes can he coaled uniformly nitbout ddb* A so far unupfoJ pKcMul H the do-atyoursdf cults. No design limitatasRs are msdsed here. Him* market. Because porcelain enameled alummum can ever. c t is \ sccta'm t*ouU hr fairly uniform so that he *awcvL sheared and drilled with simple loots. an> they nil! heat uniformly when the frit h fired. The IsW nsfto can do hn own mafl paneflmp The hard, thin pyccUiA cnamd coating has a h.hn of recreating durable, colors of porcHain cnamded alummum arc the underty mg surfcx texture. Sif a Hiph ploss fcusli deal he pta> f\smv trafheLed hafk. palm a7K and is drsued. the cast surfaces a im he pisen a rough pre- a hsi it other mes around the home. Foretlam fbhh. enaroded aluminum lammated m lurdboard suitable i5 lit the lo>i-\oursrlf market is alreads available from Shipboard Om Being highly resistant to salt tpiay at lrad me producer. and sah water corrosion, aluminum porcelain enamels have a preat future market on the scav thousand* of Cadingt 1^51. cast aluminum parts wch a square led have alreads hem installed in the Car* fHtrcdatn cAamded finish hase Keen in production. nets I .S.S. SaiaUspa at*d I orrestat as partitions in net Already available rs a Ime H essjLwaft. pineetamircd spaces. On the other side of the tonrupc displacement on the external surfaces. and cdurtul adttrays 'these wak. crunv small pleasure craft owners have installed uses presape a preat new area he porcelain cnamd - pircdin vtiamcled hardware on their Hsats. o \ oefrudod tortfUi Mm Cay ' J .1 ufj.'WW" wi.sJlUWM. J L  u- wfmacafiarm&im^ UMPjPWHF" LIA22429 J~- 'Tir'itrirmiiiiirV' -i - inhnlrruifc 1: $ :i J fi>>' > >*Mk* (mW4** >mi aC a>A>-iA* tf* W* U* Nwr aC m 4 A0fM* ^ m fN p#wNl pWillM MT Uw. *Art* A* twMfi m --d WHY DSC PORCELAIN ENAMELED ALUMINUM? The Mj^Mapn <4 porcelain numd Aniohn d% oihfl' t>pe\o( Mbho irt dl Lwmn. In Iact. a more durable. scratch rrstNlaitf, cokvfa^ AnMi camct be found anywhere- Other finishes hake (real value ill arum pUcc\ Nit. hm a finish that kni ana aad odorful after years of service h wanted. ptveeUaa cnamd h specified, Finishing algminun with porccbic mamd fnti a lunMo>(eat pnduct For aiwwHni atself K lightweight. hat high cntnhioR retkanct, and can hr fabricated into Uteri, formed Uiapev extruded section* and casting*, all of which can he porcelain enameled. This peedah enameled coating k extremely adherent presenting progressive spalling from any accidentally damaged areas. In fact, certain fabrication operations like cutting. saw ing. shearing. and drilling, can he per* formed after mamdtng w rthout damage to the coating: esen a slight amount of deformation can he accumpltshed. this means that standard sheets can he on and fitted on the ioh. Because of the corrosion resist' after of aluminum, there is nr danger of rusting or streaking on damaged or cut areas. Since only one coat k required for porcelain enameled aluminum, and it can he applied thinner (2 to -4 mils I. owts *ill it, comparable to 2 and % out processes rang levs expensive frits. O V fc o "-'' ' '"' " " ' '/" l u z ^30 ' : .'' PROPERTIES OF PORCELAIN ENAMELED ALUMINUM aM*> I H3 FonnabOxty: Porcelain enameled aluminum h*s the ability to endure cutting or drilling, or otn a little forming after enameling. Thn important property t% due to lo faciorv Firit, the porcelain enameled coal ing it tight!) adherent. so that progressive spalling from a damaged or cut location does not occur. Second, due to the high opacity of lcad*hcaring porce lain enamels. singW coat with a ihicLnm only one-Haif to one-fifth of that required f.e tied h wfficient for aluminum. A considerably more KoiNc coating a the mult. Torviott Hwidgacc Illustrating the Keauhiliiy of pmttain enameled aluminum, a torsion resistance r.-ling of 2t* plus for ) mil thiclRM of porcelain enamel h given according lo the led described by the Porcelain Fiumd Institute. Thn lest employs right angle shaped specimens. IF long, and having a 3 in* radius at the right angle Send. The specimen h t*rdcd uttl coating failure occurs at the radius of the h-nd. Abrasion Resista&c*: Abrasion resistance is high about III limes that of organic finishes. Abrasion re* stsunce will vary from .Vl to residua! specular gloss, according to the standard lest specified hy the Porcelain Enamel Institute. The labor abrasion resist* anee test goes a value of for the best types, using th.tMMi cycles with a f.IKH) gram load aid a CSI7I wheel. Chemical Redstone*: Chemical resistance will vary, of course, wnh frit fonmilatinn and can van ith firing condrtionv The best types have high chemical durability - being cxdorfavf and shotting no Iota of gloss after years of exposure to the weather. High re sistance to weathering h normal!) associated with high acid resistance. The better formulations with PEI citric acid spot lest tatmg from S to A and AA can he expected to have nerftent weather resistance. Figures I and 2 give citric acid and tedium pyrophosphate solubility curves fur a commercial frit of class A rating. High alkali resistance is not considered as hw* poflaft! a measure of weather durability as high acid resistance, hut it indicates that the porcelain enamel wn not stain, streak, or Hit coka when cleaned with strong detergents - an important point for appliances and machinery parts. ReOcctAc*: Reflectance for w hitc light ranges up to #*'< with total reflectance as high as RtC . Thermal Stability: Porcelain enameled aluminum can be healed to within 3W F of the firing tempera* lure wshout damage to the coaling. Dry cold and freezing temperatures do me affect it. nor does alter* natc free/mg and thaw mg in the presence of moisture. Thermal Shock Rasbtanca: Porcelain enameled aluminum panels heated to l.ttfiO F have hem plunged mio cold water without cracking or flaking of the enamel craning. Dielectric Straogth: The porcelain enamd as writ able fra insulating and shielding purposes, has a voltage breakdown ratatg of 5<tu volts per m3 thick ness at room temperature. t ? 1. La_. ,, >>, _ - v. : ; . .v ' 7- 111 - v ' WJy jBjptni.ygfUJ ' uU2z01 o # ~ '< - n fti* tir li Hf.ttArik-.ni'.iri^ h - PORCELAIN ENAMELED ALUMINUM thermal liability chemical resistance torsion resistance abrasion resistance thermal shock resistance dielectric strength reflectance withstand 600 F without domog* clots B to AA -- P.E.I. citric ocid spot lost 200 plus -- 3 mil cooling, P.EJ. torsion tost 65% rcsiduot speculor gloss -- P.EJ. abrasion test 1000 F into cold water -- no domog* 500 volts m3 88% for whit* light X* f* |d cW W M*tv< K ** Wv Fmp *^**, Pm. k.f* tPm m,, --MU r<d **<**i ** ** * *< > *< t * f*xh Wtlltld W0h t* Cfrpepl* JM MX v**d I s* " tp<* h**w * * pnh'*UtF pi, min,a Hfpp* od dx Orrffpi it & o _c K - lj t jil.-H.iaj|g,ii.U|PlniiiiH. l .11-. t' !' MPWW'WWWW'WIMI WU.'-t-JU O LriCWk. "8PP" ilUffli d ri Viii n m ttt. j k r .-iir