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Water
Contents
2. Perceptions of Risk
5 Asbestos and A/C Pipe
7 Asbestos Exposures from Field Operations 9 A/C Pipe and Waterborne Asbestos
12. Asbestos inWater... The Risks
16. A Commitment to Quality
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Perceptions of Risk
Safe v; Zero Risk
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gens, nave been identified m 'inking water alone This tact has prompted a close exomi
mater:c;S, since all contain potentially toxic substances
:n: homes
it's simply a
matte: :-r probabilities
Cancer and Carcinogens --
parhomed and tTightening ns
roes no:
a.ter the
* *JE SPOnSE
/
/
/ /
1/
Dose-Response and ThreshoId---The cicica. g-.op tion with asbestos as with any toxic mate:ict : m 'a* wha:
mines this cy a pnr.cip.e
known as ccseoe^ponse The
principle is *a:he: s'raight-
torwcrd For ever/ cose
mere is a proportionate biolog
ical response New let's add
another wrinme
'here is a
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no: ' would be aitlicul: to :ec
Asbestos-The Unique Fiber -- Asbestos .= lour'd throughout the world. 470 mil lion veers cco. he: subterra nean water a.sseivec, rock layers contain.:;C iron, nice-
"veins" at .tguta nunerals As ne ecrtln ccoied. these miner als crystallized .nto the ore known today as asbestos -
Phcrochs ana an.cier.t kings used tnis unique orccuct oi
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Asbestos and A/C Pipe
cauc:s use ::
Asbestos-cement pipe con tains a D.ena ot asbestos li bers Chrysotj/e is used for : e i n: o r c o m. e: t \. croc: c c: c tacibtctes me pipe rnanuicctnr.na process, as web as st re name n i ncj me center.', matrix
Free vs. Bound Asbestos -- .Asbestos comprises less mem. 20 percent ot A C pipe Con trery to some perceptions AC
asbestos is irreuiacecb:
oertomicnce
mem
ke asbestos-center.' A C
Crete 'her ere bound
e:
The distinction between tree and bonne asbestos ns ex-
Dose end Routes ot Entry
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G!
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Asbestos Exposures from
Field Operations
OSHA Occupational Star.acra
CS^A
"oos,;r? S'jrcMrJs
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(-O <&
-.
.
>
-`-hMsive Disc Ci.Iti.-iq
s'c s !:do: :s j :::o: :1 diik 0! r
.-.i'.o:: :o.c:c:. jl',I
*- -- ^
: to:.1 o' -
vc:::
" ' c r:::
'lie r.:s-
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A/C Pipe and Waterborne
Asbestos
Source Waters--The preva lence of csbestos in sou re sults ::s presence oi most lake, river and weii waters, and in many distribution sys tems regcrdless at the piping aiGterial utilized
Tapping A C Pipe--Tapping AC pipe to provide house connections aiso can contribute asbestos to drinking water. The industry recommends when tepp.mg A C pipe white under pressure, .'hat equip ment with s positive purge be used This ejects 99 percent of the asbestos-cement chips, and downstream flushing takes care ct the test Another
Surveys by me United States
Agency snowed mat nature! and treated waters m Montane. Washington. Pennsv.vcr.ia. California, Massaaiuseits and Georgia had .eveis in 'he range o: millions of fibers per liter ' There is asbestos m ail surface waters :: ail habited areas or On crio. ' and many parts of
phngs supplied directly from
Aggressive Waters--Now the critical question , . . does A C pipe contribute asbestos to
mote so man metr:..ic pipe
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iteie the xctei ajs ncrdest
-.ve .varers
'.he potential
. s5 ;! ,.:e punctuates the
Aggressive Water Guide lines--The A C pipe industry i.- net the lust to spotugn! the
j.on./rca;:' :elease oi osoestos
rmm A C p.pe
Caltforr.ta
an analysis
3: water ::::n a distribution
system -.vyh nearly 1,000 miles
s! AC pipe
Conclusion
Aggressive VVrjter Guidelines
Asbestos m A C Pipe vstcms ::
Now Mo-:.co
an analysis
ot asbestos ::be: concentra
tions :r. water systems con*
ammo :-48 tones ot AC pipe
Cocojcn .Vo ev:dence
Texas. Onto ana Connec *icnt . :i?A steales ot A C mpe svstems . Conclusion f'lbe; levels "not statistically
?v measure a>
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Asbestos inWater... The Risks
teiecsed tram A C tctoe. Th.s
Ingested Asbestos and Cancer-- In 1578, University ot Cciirornic researchers :eportea a statist.cci association between ceitatn ccncers ar.d water supplies high in net jrcily occurring asbestos. While the stuay;- stirred up a stoirr. ot questions, it did r.o; pinpoint a "cause cud eltec:' relationship between mgestea asnesios and cancer As the
smoking, atcortoi consump-
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'jcd'iic ion mobility and the * h. o d: 1 n k: n a water w e re :: o r
Mmnecpolis-St. Paul, with none. A co:::pc;;so;i snowed rto statistics! difference ir. the
cancer
dealt!: Services took t ? pos.2 he UC doctora. nesis
-.eaura:
m 3cy Area drinking 'water
ten Protection Agency
on an FPA-t armed study m Wasrangton State directly corn ucoicts the University ot Cali:o::v.a Undines Resea:ciiers m 'n.e Paget Sound region, where
tnv.trer.cra , ine Highest per capita use ot A C pipe m 'Vestorn hhurooe From i'95i more *har. 20 '.'ears after A C pipe was introduced. *o :976. the death rate iron: Gl cancer dropped a memhean: 22 oe:-
Canadc
A study ot 22
municipalities with high con
centrations ot r.cturcdy
occurring asbestos in tine
water supplies r'a.'.ed to re
veal any excess cancer
s a:: o,
:r `he n
Air. ire
necn.aea _^ Dement
.i i
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Mecsur:r.c the- H:sk>
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:: j r. n :oni v.-cbd' acse ol inrosced asbestos ::om AC pipe
concerned
.ve nave nc
data demonstrating hazard.'-
"NCI scientists
have
fauna nc anas..::: cancer
me Amenccn vVatei Warns As-
maestion of asbestos fibers proccnmg sera
a. .:. :e \v; :'.e -' Perceptions ol Risk -- Ir. spae
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A Commitment to Quality
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Appendix A
Ceiling Concentrations of Airborne Asbestos Fiber from A C Pipe Field Operations
M''r' 'i **' * -- t u p
Pswe: I.u'he Pc-.ve: Larne Power Hc'.e C,,"'.t'.G P-: we: Hcie C ;:v.r.c iP;":::c vv Chrse: & Peso Urrrrrrg w Cruse. ;* Rasp Jr.-'iir. 'vc? Cur'or
r . 'VO: C..ee:
Pressure 12 1?
5ewe:
4:
Pressure So we:
P p. C; Q - p
Sower
6-6 6-3
i. 5.2
Pressure : C : :
Sewer
i -6
Pressu re Sewer
23 2-3
''
03 0 :5
3 33 ' CS
u 44
1 63 ss
Q 20
0 85 2 CG ^ "0
2 22 C 13
0 56 1 09
2 23 0 39
: so
C 25
0 87 e 06
5 3 :2
~r 64 OC
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Bibliography
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cm
' H k:r. ? v
:: A H A
.e.re-o'os r.'fiocsc-.:
e-ms Ce:r.e:0 Pipe
Wale: ' /o o:on.
on;: Wcre; 'V~:-:-s.A-
fen'; jc:'v 197c
,-ononoca:. oo.s
on Mo:: L Z 'A:*
Moiecscopo S:o:A:
::m FAr-c-: Concenoo
M..m; ox:.
P'i
Mexico Trie Role o:
Volume 103, No 4. April, 197 a Rp.dem io logmc 1 com
S:c::s!ics Repor* VcA:n>- ,r Nc 6 Weird HecPr. C:p
r A;:/rl declr:: S:a'.s:;::r A: r. ^ aVo; u m e i V: c. Sc. s *.. cr.cj Causes z: Deem V:r. : Realm. Orqao.maoc:'. Ger.evc CM
Worn D T "Ca:mm Moo, m .o. Re.a*.or. m Asbesrcs . Monic.pa. \Vc:o: S-
Ccnce' Accro a.no Frcmm-o mu
'I ::
r: M
n.: . e: s . . Score:
o:o:::n,eo: m rde Ne a Re eo se ;; 'A S-:-;:m::me:
A ;;
: :n. Decern be; .9 ; 'Co Co ?cch::i 'So.mo:: 1 1 Prmme .m
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Regular Members Asbestos ae Mexico, S A Oalnepantic. Mexico Montreal Quebec Canada icons Manv.iie Canada, Lie Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
C ompeny
iohn.s-Manvilie Corporation
Mox.co C.'v Mexico Associate Members
The AC Pipe Producers Association functions as a non-profit, non-partisan world-wide trade association on behalf of the AC Pipe industry Inquiries lor information on specific products, their individual attributes and differences, should be directed to m.embe companies
The statements contained m
Associct.or. c: Asbestos-Cement Pipe Producers ana are net :n-
'.'vet: Switzer.ar.a
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A/C Pipe Producers Association
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