Document 97DRwe17RNLapQBzExE5d7Dq

\ THE PCB-POLLUTION PROBLEM January 21 and 22, 1970 St. Louis Meeting With General Electric Co. GENERAL ELECTRIC REPRESENTATIVES: Mr. Edward L. Raab, GE Pittsfield, Mass., representing all GE locations Mr. H. Gerade, GE toxicological consultant Dr. K. Murphy, GE Schenectady, New York, Environmental Pollution Control J MONSANTO REPRESENTATIVES: H. S. Bergen, D. A. Olson, E. P. Wheeler, Dr. W. R. Richard, Dr. R. H. Munch, Dr. R. Keller, Dr. S. Tucker, W. B. Papageorge, J. G. Bryant, P. G. Benignus A. Presentation and Discussion of Published Articles About Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbon insecticides, (DDT etc.) and PCBs~ ' Mr. Wheeler presented to Mr. Raab a booklet containing most of the pertinent publications, to date, and indicated that additional articles will appear shortly. - He mentioned that manufacturers of DDT and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon insecticides will tend to emphasize the finding and interference of PCBs as the Government hearings limiting or banning use of the insecticides are held. This lead GE to seek understanding of the scope, reproducibility, reliability and validity of the analytical procedures used by various investigators who reported finding PCB in concentrations as low as parts per billion. B. The Analytical Procedures Drs. Keller and Tucker presented details of Monsanto's GLC - Mass Spectrometric analytical capability and apparatus, as portrayed in Table 1. The sophistication of our analytical capability was emphasized to assure that our approach is the ultimate and is not surpassed. On this basis our views of the validity of results given in various publications are indicated in the attachments to Table 1. . General Electric were impressed and completely satisfied with the scope of our analytical capability and work. DSW 347900 STLCOPCB4085149 C. Blodegradeablllty of PCBs Mr. Wheeler related that while Aroclor 1254 and 1260 are being found, especially in aquatic environment, the lower chlorinated biphenyls are not being observed. It is anticipated that the lower chlorinated members may be largely biodegradeable. Drs. Richard, Keller and Tucker discussed biodegradeability studies by Monsanto at Ruabon and elsewhere. These studies appear preliminary and not conclusive. Much more needs to be done In this area/to allow GE to draw conclusions. Since the literature indicates that trichlorobenzene and tritetrachlorobenzene are not susceptible to biodegradation, GE are Intrigued with the absence of reports about finding these materials in the environment. The obvious implication is that since these materials are used with the higher chlorinated PCBs found -- the source of the latter is not from dielectric fluids. However, it was reasoned that chlorobenzenes may not remain due to their relatively higher vapor pressure or may not be found to date because they have not yet been zeroed in to the analytical spectrum. D. Status of Aroclor Studies At Industrial Bio-Test. Table 2. In essence results reported by Mr. Wheeler on chronic animal toxicity tests and animal reproducibility studies underway are not as favorable as we had hoped or anticipated. Particularly alarming is evidence of effect on hatchability and production of thin egg shells regards white leghorn chickens. The studies Involved Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260. Some of the studies will be repeated to arrive at better conclusions. - E. The Location of Askarel Transformers. Table 3 Messrs. Raab and Benignus formulated Table 3 to portray the use and locations of askarel transformers throughout industry and our commercial and residential areas. On discussing these askarel transformer applications Mr. Raab was * most impelling and forceful about the non-replaceability of transformer askarel fluid and the critical or essential use and ^ need for askarel transformers, which have safety from fire as ' their outstanding virtue. Without dwelling on details and instead carried to the ultimate, the concensus is that without availability of askarel transformers large cities like New York would be shut down with no power. Certain industries that rely mainly on askarel transformers wo&ld go down with no power. Without Aroclor capacitors most of the lights across our country would go put and motors In air conditioners and many industrial applications would not run. DSW 347901 STLCOPCB4085150 -3- Frankly, no one could think of a suitable replacement for transformer askarel fluid. Fortunately, Aroclor 1242 with promise about biodegradeability is used in most all of the Aroclor type capacitors. Moreover, possible favorable isomer rearrangements are foreseen in the case of Aroclor 1242. Need to control, accumulate and properly dispose of scrap askarels is unquestionable in light of the PCB pollution problem, and essential toward maintaining the use of askarel dielectrics. At GE alone apparatus in which askarel fluid is used represents 100 million dollars annually. About 60# is in the capacitor area and 40$ represents transformers. GE requested and we were pleased to give Dr. Murphy their Environmental Control man, a list of all GE and other locations receiving Pyranol shipments in 1969. This amounts to about 16 million pounds of askarel fluids with economic worth of near 2.5 million dollars. This listing included 244 different locations of which 115 were GE plants and service shops scattered throughout our country. Of course in addition to dielectric use in hermetically sealed capacitors and transformers major amounts of PCBs are used as Plasticizers, Industrial Hydraulic Fluids and Heat-Transfer media. F. Environmental Sources of PCBs From Dielectric Applications 1. Spills ' 2. Disposal of waste 3. Ultimate disposal of product -- for failed apparatus 4. Ventilation of operation for employe protection 5. Waste from containers 6. Field on service failures 7. Repair and return apparatus "service shops" G. Considerations of Degradation Disposals 1. PCBs up to and including 3 chlorine atoms appear biodegradeable in preliminary laboratory work. 2. Thus far there is n>o evidence that higher chlorinated biphenyls will biodegrade. DSVV 347902 STLCOPCB4085151 -4- 3. According to the literature TCB and TTCB biodegrade at a very slow rate. 4. Chemical, catalytic breakdown would probably require high temperatures. 5. Incineration will require 800C. and 5 second sojourn time. - HC1 scrubbing would be required. H. Estimated Annual Amounts of Contaminated and Scrap PCBs Prom The Erectrlcal Industry ' 1. Prom The Transformer Industry: a) In plant and field spills are small and controllable with adsorbents, which should be incinerated. b) Near 2 million pounds a year of transformer askarels are sold to service and repair shops. These people do not manufacture new transformers, although on occasion they may fill new transformers sent into the field without fluid. As these service shops are devoted primarily to repairing faulty transformers, we can assume that as much as 1.0 million pounds annually of "scrap" is generated. Most of this has been dumped or disposed of in streams. c) We estimate that probably 150,000 pounds of this is arced beyond reworking and needs to be incinerated. The remainder may be reworkable by distillation. 2. From The Capacitor Industry: . a) Collectable waste from normal capacitor impregnation operations amounts to about 850,000 pounds annually. Most of this should be reworkable via simple take-over distillation. b) Scrap, badly contaminated with polypropylene, epoxides, solvents, oil, grease and "junk" is generated at not over 50,000 pounds a year. This material should be incinerated, along with the 150,000 pounds of scrap from transformers. c) Power capacitors are designed to last over 30 years. Modern motor runs may last 10 years and the small lighting ballast usually last not over 10 years. Eventually andvpumulatively there is a large potential of field-failedt capacitors. Fortunately Aroclor 1242 has been used almost exclusively since about 1950. DSW 347903 STLCOPCB4085152 - 5. - The failed units are disposed of in industrial dumps. In case of ballasts the Aroclor capacitor along with the transformer imbedded in asphalt or encapsulated in epoxy resin, all encased in a metal box are discarded as a unit. This is emphasized to indicate that incineration of such apparatus is not applicable. 3. From Containers: Most askarel moves in bulk, tank cars or tank wagons, which do not present a problem. y It is questionable that drum shipments may present a problem. The drums can be used for returning scrap. I. Monsanto's Program To Handle Scrap 1. GE asked what is Monsanto's plan about reclamation of scrap ' PCB from GE plants, service shops, utilities, industrial users, commercial users, etc.? 2. What is our view about a "Buy-Back" arrangement? 3. What arrangements will Monsanto make for incineration? Disposal in suitable land-fills? Reclamation by distillation at Monsanto? ; 4. To date Monsanto's posture is: a) We have taken "good quality" scrap from GE's capacitor plant at Hudson Falls and had it reworked by simple filtration at Findett. This Findett arrangement is not practical nor economical. We paid GE 1 $(/lb. for this "quite good" Aroclor, plus 1.9 $/lb. freight. Findett charged 2.1 ^ to filter this material, making our cost 5 ?5/lb. . b) 130,000 pounds of somewhat lower quality scrap from Westinghouse capacitor plant has accumulated at Findett for lack of distillation equipment. c) Scrap from GE's Ft. Edward plant appears to need reprocessing by distillation. d) About \ million pounds of "bad scrap" from GE Hudson Falls, has been disposed to a land-fill in New Jersey. Monsanto paid half of the freight cost. e) A car load of s6rap transformer askarel from Westinghouse, South Boston, Virginia is being sent to W. G. Krummrich for reprocessing. DSW 347904 STLCOPCB4085153 -6- f) We advised Westinghouse, Sharon to incinerate 12,000 gallons of oil contaminated askarel. g) We talked with Sangamo, Picken, S. C. and strongly urged them to discontinue present disposal. 5. The above "take-back" arrangements have been made on an individual and experimental basis. We have no fixed "buy back" arrangement, regards answering GE's question. 6. We have no established process for reclaiming either capacitor or transformer scrap. 7. We have no incinerator for disposal of totally unreclaimable material. 8. To date and for the foreseeable future our only effective disposal is to a land-fill. While this is not desireable, it is better than indiscriminate dumping. J. Transformer Askarel Blends Discussed With GE. Table 4. Table 4 lists the transformer askarel blends reviewed with GE. 1. GE Rome has discontinued use of Blend A due to combustibility of arc formed gas. For this same reason, as dictated by their legal people they will not use Blend B. 2. Today both GE, Pittsfield, Mass, and Rome, Ga. use Blend C (Pyranol A13B3B), which they mix themselves. 3. Blend D optimizes the Aroclor concentration in conformance with GE's requirements for non-combustibility of the arc formed gas and with the pour point requirements. The price is in direct conformance with our previous . quotation for Aroclor 1242, when GE was using this at a concentration of Q0% by weight. y DSW 347905 STLCOPCB4085154 -7- Accordingly Blend D meets GE's requirements, although containing 71.6$ of the higher chlorinated Aroclor it does not conform with Monsanto's concern with the PCB pollution problem. 4. For all practical purposes Blend E (inerteen 70-30) is identical properties with Blend D, which latter GE, Rome, Ga. proposes to use. In the interest of standardization, we seek to have GE, at Pittsfield and Rome, Ga. use Blend E, which is used by Westinghouse for low temperature applications and is used by many other askarel transformer manufacturers for generaVapplication. 5. Although Westinghouse USA uses Blend F (100$ Aroclor 1242) for all applications, except for low-temperature application, GE does not accept this use of 100$ Aroclor 1242 in transformers. GE'wlll not accept Aroclor 1242 or any other blend with less than a 1 to 1 ratio of chlorine to Hydrogen atoms. A ratio significantly lower than 1 to 1 tends to yield combustible arc-formed gasses. GE feels strongly that this does not conform with the original definition of an askarel. Accordingly their legal people stress that this presents potential liability in case of an accident for which various precedents have already been set in court actions. Mr. Raab points out that this precedent for liability regards combustibility is already set, in contrast with the PCB - pollution situation which thus far is void of legal actions. He reiterated that the pollution problem thus far is a source of technical publications and warnings and emphasized that in the ca^e of electrical applications which involve* -only hermetically sealed apparatus, adequate control should be possible. ' K. Facts As Agreed By Those In Attendance 1. CI5 - C6-8 Biphenyls -- found in aquatic eco system in populated and Industrial areas. 2. DDT + Cl hydrocarbon insecticides have effect on fish-eating birds (reproduction) leading to possible extinction of some species. 3. PCBs (some) are definitely suspected along with polychlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. 4. Research data being,developed seems to confirm incrimination of PCBs subject to^rechecking. 5. Public, political and government pressures stopping some uses of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (PCHI). DSW 347906 STLCOPCB4085155 -8- 6. PCBs have been brought into hearings proposing restrictions or elimination of DDT, PCHI. 7. As manufacturer of PCHI's fight for their life, attention will be directed to PCBs. 8. To our knowledge PCBs. are not being found in terrestrial birds or animals, but DDT and PCHI's are found. 9. PCBs are not being found in the eco system without the presence of DDT or PCHI's. / 10. PCHI's residue are found without PCBs. 11. We have no evidence that anyone has found lower PCBs except that Dutch researchers found PCBs in roaches. 12. There is no evidence of natural sources of PCBs nor any source other than industrially produced and used. 13. PCBs in a single dose have a low order of acute toxicity and are no significant problem to rats, dogs, chickens, fish and humans. 14. Based on six months of chronic studies in rats and dogs some PCBs are "moderately" toxic and more so than DDT, but less toxic than some of the other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. 15. Some PCBs affect rat reproduction, (10 ppm. apparent no effect levels). 16. Some PCBs affect leghorn chicken reproduction (100 ppm.). PCBs have no affect level for chickens, estimated 10 ppm. 17. Some environmentalists are claiming that, the PCBs pose a threat to humans, are so "philosophizing" in publications. 18. One published page indicates that PCBs are as bad (or worse) than DDT in microsomal enzyme effect. What is significant? Since many chemical compounds react similarly.' 19. Human experience in production of PCBs and their use has been favorable. Less than 20 instances of illness known to Monsanto Company since 1940-45. Proper precautions were not always followed. 20. GE Company's use of PCBs as dielectric fluids, has been extremely favorable without illness throughout 40 years. 21. Monsanto Company is* convinced that analytical techniques and data from some laboratories investigating PCBs are reliable and that conclusions being formulated are valid. DSW 347907 STLCOPCB4085156 -9- 22. Monsanto Company has not run duplicate analysis on samples reported in the literature. L. What GE Desires 1. GE seeks that Monsanto take no precipitous reaction to the PCB problem that would result in withdrawing supply of Aroclor 1254 or 1260 to GE. 2. The consensus is that no Suitable replacement for transformer askarel fluid is foreseen1. 3. In event of development of a suitable fire-resistant fluid replacement for askarel, Mr. Raab emphasized that a minimum of 2 years testing work would be required before commercial use could be adopted. 4. In reply to Monsanto's legal question whether with continued use of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 GE would assume sole and complete liability -- Mr. Raab answered. No.' To substantiate his reply, Mr. Raab cited case examples involving GE where damages were sought and collected, even though GE was only the third party. He further stated that any arrangement seeking to delegate and confine liability to GE relative to the PCB problem would be worthless. 5. GE seeks to know the magnitude and time of Aroclor price increase that would result if Monsanto discontinues sale of Aroclor for non-electrical uses, or if pollution control expenses warrant a price increase (as anticipated). . * *c 6. GE seeks to send a letter to their plants and service shops and major users of transformer askarel, such as the utilities giving notice of the PCB problem and guidance about the most suitable controls, 7. In the case of GE service shops scattered throughout our country it is unrealistic that these people would assume any expense to return scrap to Monsanto. The minimum we can expect is that Monsanto pay the freight charges, and reimburse for a suitable container to avoid additional and excessive contamination. This emphasizes need for Monsanto to have an effective reclaiming process. Otherwise, the best we can expect from service shops and many other users is to continue to dump in a land-fill andystop discarding into the sewers. DSW 347908 STLCOPCB4085157 10 - II 8. GE realizes that Monsanto is caught between the explosiveness of arc-formed gasses problem and on the other hand the PCB pollution problem. Realizing possible unfavorable outcome of the arc-formed gas problem, GE desires to withhold the PCB problem from involvement at NEMA, ASTM, IEEE, EEI and ASIA at this time, (making it an industry-wide problem) pending better in-depth understanding of the PCB problem. 9. GE strongly seeks to continue manufacture of askarel type transformers, because in many applications this apparatus cannot be replaced with mineral oil nor open dry, nor seal gas dry type units. S . Mineral oil burns. Open dry accumulates dust, lint, moisture and can then fall with explosion and burning. Sealed gas dry types are very expensive, space consuming and very difficult to maintain sealed. Transformer design and application is governed by National Electric Code, by local building codes. Fire Underwriters, NEMA, IEEE, ASTM, IEC, ASA, Insurance companies and others. Because of the diversity of organizations involved a directive to discontinue askarel transformer manufacture would assume highly complex proportions. P. G. Benignus January 26, 1970 DSW 347909 STLCOPCB4085158 Q UI OC. O>- o Q- UO_ UJ cCO <o2c: <oc S3 I--I <PQ U_ E-* Ul o UI ac ooc UI ZJZ c_> co co >- _1 <c a: <y STLCOPCB4085159 STLCOPCB4085160 mUJ o LU CC LLUU LU CC LU DC Z2 I-- = CC LU COO Q. \ INFORMATION SOURCE TYPE & LEVEL PCB REPORTED ANALYTICAL TECH . NIQUES REPORTED MATRIX-OF SPECIES ANAL. & LOCATION . O rganochlorine R esi dues, O.E.C.D. . P re lim in a ry Study 1966-1967, Sweden, G. W idm ark, U n iv . o f Stockholm . R( Ce ported l4 -C 18 ) as PCB ppm ch ro m a to g ra m s s im ila r to A roclors 1254-1260. EC/GC on QF-1 & SF-96 ' Sea E a g le , Salmon columns chem ical con & P ike . Sweden. firm a tio n ; N itra tio n (m ild) & S u lfu ric a c id . e x t r a c t io n . Some GC/Mass c o n fir m a tio n . (ju v .) C hlorinated Hydro carbons in B ritis h W ild life Nature 216, 227 (1 0 /2 1 /6 7 ), D.C. Holmes, J .H . Simmons, & J . 0 1G. T a tto n . R e p o rte d as PCB re s in s . Eludes to h ig h ly ch lo rin a te d bl iigphh et lnyy lsc halnodr in ated terphenyls PPb. EC/GC on S E-52, Apiezon S parrow haw ks, k e s t r e ls , L, & XE-60. Some T .L .C . g iu lle m o ts . A ls o Sample c le a n up DMF/HEX d e te c te d s m a ll amounts p a r t i t i o n fo llo w e d by in human & anim al f a t s . L.C.C. (A lum ina). U .K . |i O rganochlorine P e s ti cides in Seals & P orpoises, Nature 216, 1274 (1 2 /3 0 /6 7 ), A.V. H olden & K. M arsdea. R e p o rte d as a p p a r e n t PCB. No le v e l s ta te d ; chrom ato grams s im ila r to A roclors 1254 1260. EC/GC on X E -6 0 , DC- 2 0 0 , & QF-1 . Samp!e ct ilteiaonn up DMF/HEX p a r sa p o n ifica tio n . - Seal & P orpoise F a t. B ri-tish coastal . w aters. 1 v j C h lo rin a te d Biphenyls in F ish , M ussels, & B ird s from the. Rhine & the N etherlands Coastal Area. Nature .221, 1126 ( 3 /2 2 /6 9 ) , J .H . Koeman, M C. 1 TenN oluer DeBrauw, & R.H. DeVos. I. I i . R e p o rte d as PCB EC/GC on DC-200. Samp . . (to A ro c lo r 1260, P h e n c h lo r DP6 & Chlophen A60, ppfa- plea rctliet iaonn up DMF/HEX fo llo w e d by L C.C F Iu o ris i1). ppm. A lso r e ported the pres (C o n firm e d by GC/Mass CH4). ence o f te tr a - & p e n ta -c h l orobenzen.e & of tric h lo ro - biphenyl in a ' roach & e id e r . sam ple, m ostly c l4 ,5 -c l8* . Roach, g ro u n d lin g , m ussel, sand e e l, sandwich te rn , e id e r. r- . c- VALIDITY P o sitive P o sitive ' Page 2 >- c-' a: r e' (/> uj z: MO O l--I UJ I-- a. *=C CO o o c o 4-> OZ E Id a. 03 -E CO tz o -fj e <o CL 3 o3 oh-; <_j <H s <c 03 +> to e <u 4-> id <D . i-- O CEL <I0 O o A id- O . N.U on -i- _J en 4- LU >> O OO a: o CO E JO O Q. O UJ Sv 3 LU uj |-- CM 0.-0 cc I-- cc I tO 03 I S= O 10 2 ^UJ o LU 10 r--N _J CL Q Or-- 0<Ur- o orLU C UJ r> |-- ri i-- ri CC SC 0.1-- CO se o co 0300 o o UJ CO 4- E CD E cc >- UJ o e o Ur- O CD _j ro CD id E 3 CD a 3 h- < o --------- O i-- E *-- <c z: i C_) i-- "i-- Ll O BfU. cc <: uj a +>--- UJ CO ------ UJ I oo E +3 CO vl- to CM cr> CO CL E >>CM o CL.Cd C I I--* I----- Cl. id -- =J" =3 E JO I Q LO o I- CO UJ UI--J LU cc CO E CM <d t- to to o CO id CO CM -o O I-- --I o -o CO T3 CD CL a. CD CO E JO CD t- e 03 UJ 4-> CD o o +J 4 co O O cc 5- CL .-- o S- `i-- -a i-- co LU o OI O +j E O CM CL CO SO-P> O 4J CL E 3 O I-- >- CD CL 03 E E CD CD CD O E CC CD C o| DC T3 SO.cC od > > CO * C CO CD > >. llO+J C-EE 0 D1 JJ +J<D 4-> cd CO cn >!-- GOTO OOCDCDt-coECO >Ei-- di et- E-Pdi-- cn qj a> CD toe i-- E p D) jo cn > ECDOacdDiidT-i-- -r- cn_c cd E +J oSCDtO idSJ a E cd E DC O CD CD i-- K 3 CD -o +> JO Cn co E ca oSCQi-- E US +- I-- to E*-- Cd TO CO CO 4-> E cn cni-- 3 E (D-r TJ. o3 J: 3 D) DC --r 0JidT-CDEQ>O>3E3CD "D-O CD DC >, DIDIDIW C 3 E E CD U_ i-- CD <D`U_ cd <0 +-> CO i-- 3 CD i-- -r- CD Cn O <d Oid i cd +J i-- eDEeden r, r..r^<dEcDEE cn E o lu E i-- E j:cq cnoico vi hjd cle eccdEco--- ,-- M E -P 3 V- (D to CD cn cn+J COCO+J-OCDE o - to cd i-- cn 3 e cn 3 jo E cn cn i EOco<D4->cdeo ecd 4- r~>. CD cn E CO Cn CD 13 i-- Ll >, CD CD CD CD CDEco+JE -r- 3 osE/w cn co e E cd CD jo pa je S ai cd >ioe CD Cn+J co CD - <D enp E O P P !- O Dl 02 M P UJ CO >- EcDdToa- -- e so. o+JtoOEEjeo. cnEE - a in p i-- S3. -r- LU E E O CD cn JO id idSO CD id O "EEOOE Eo3 .-- E cd <D E 4-- CL Cn EE O I CO CD cd E O 03 DC CD CD > E T-- CD I CDEOO <D -r- JC C31+J -r- (d 'CD <D OE>(OEi-- PJC >, 3EEc-- COI-- Eejento lO-i-- co -- E>id+JcdCncD<D'coEjcEOEEidcncncDidCDEtoid cn (D 3 I-- CD E CncDTOCD-i-cocd EOO CD Cned E'-- O cd JC Cn . q.t-3 00 so.o ajK3a<uco o u p oj cdCc6o3U_oclcd I---- DC 1 - I E *r* U- CD O co 4- . : aE3Pv O EE "to O CD O O -r E a o E +> to cm P id co S .-- CD CD . -. . ' O I E E OS (3 Ll o +j O'r-- E ES3I-0 o o o ' id -i- - CO O CJ +J E O l CD -i- tO CD CD LU E E E t- ' ' ., MW a (DPP CD !- JO -I- Id LU 03 E. o E O ' - ' __________________ , ____________ C E o . r-- C t) U'r . DO E E O E O O id E "O SO. CL i-- "O <C CD CL OE El to O id O JO id EPd'r a < co (DP a -a + e CD 4- CO Cd CD <D P O id P E i-- E CO O O CD "O . CM - SO. Cl CD -P> CD P> CD . >, to O CM E CC +J 3 E i-- cd - - ' . ' ' , - CD o je cd o 4J E E I CO i-- CM * rd CM S 0) ' 3 i- CD i -a sz c CD o +J cc 3 ZD 4- I JO 3 O E +J E CD rd co E-M O > .r- Zl 03 (d CD p CD o3 p o (u o; u - <u ca r- c Q) CD > CD 3 `r- 5- 4-> +J CC r~ E 3 CD -a 4-> ---- cc cn r- CD i-- SO. tSI +j CD E CO DC 3 O E OE Id 4- O> je O Id CD 0 3--1 SO. E o CD CD Id CX) DC px:zidcl IB P M r-- oZ c id. cr> CD CD 4- C O *r-- l--l _J I CO CC CO +J O C s: ti c so. CO ro E r- e E !- r, Vj- r. r-- z; E >-- je id CD \ CTiDC z-Z 4- c cr co O CD CD +- cn C CD o P CM 3 id U. O (d cnxj E cdto CD CO o u S-- *r- i-- co tO i-- O CD <V o * _E I-- >>----------- CL E oc cc >,-r- aj e . " 3 E t/i S- jc: u >,co jo ` id o TO -C -C CD O O JJ *a -p cu -p >, E CO CD E --> tmo Enu <i. 3 o co O to r .-- QJ C >'r i-- a) o cn co ca E 4-> rrt -r-- O -C O O !- QJ I DSW 347912 STLCOPCB4085161 ' CO 0) cmjt CL. ocUr>J 2 UJ cc k UJ UUJ- DC * UJ DC *c=cc UJ COQ CL. TYPE & LEVEL NFORMATION SOURCE " PCB REPORTED ANALYTICAL TECHL NIOUES REPORTED '. * ' . >* JZ ' * (D i/) C *r- r- T) CM CO CD S- QJ OJ fC ^ s: <s> <u ^ o U <T* C E 3 CO R e p o rte d as PCB (C l5-C lft). low ppb to n ig h ppm. EC/GC (2 colum n) chem ical tre a tm e n t;, sa p o n ifica tio n & e x tra c tio n w ith s u lfu ric acid. . Some GC/M ass. r-- iA C CD ' MATRIX -OF SPECIES ANAL. & LOCATION . ' (C o n tin u e d) - . VALIDITY A n cie n t M u rre le t, Rh'i- .. : noce dove r o( s N. a D u ) k , l e t, Ba M rn ornin owl.. g I '' e c ggs rap , p i Me e, aBd ol uw ela grki,l, l . W h it e I sPanama 1a - s 1a Pacheca P achequilla in & G u lf o f Panama. - . C a lifo rn ia - Puget Sound, San D iego Bay, San F ra n c is c o Bay, _ B aja. " ' . iu b s e l, h e rrin g , p la ic e , picked d o g -fis h , cod, salm on, g re y 's e a l, common s e a l, rin g e d s e a l, g u ille m o t, w hite ta ile d eagle. P o sitive mizzle-o' O CL. t/1 -- o3 Id E -r- QC r-i" Oc -- > /) 03 <A i-- Cl/li-- J- '-- <u -- S- <u to o a) +j c +-> (d'J' QJ 4-> rvt t--> : o . . f' ., ' .` .' DSW 347913 . . STLCOPCB4085162 i I i! > \1 _ ` 1 ", * i ` . ; : j TABLE 2 January 15, 1970 STATUS OF AROCLOR STUDIES AT INDUSTRIAL BIO-TEST Aroclor 1242* 2 * * * * * * * 10 2 year rat at 1, 10 and 10Q ppm: At 90 days--possible liver enlargement. Males at 100 ppm. Histology O.K. Others O.K. Blood, urine. 2 year dog at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: At 6 months--0.K. body weight, food consumption, reactions, mortality, hematology, blood chemistry and urine. 3 generation rat reproduction at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: 100 ppm--effect on survival-difficult to obtain pups for maturing and mating, egg production. Chickens--egg production, hatchability, survival, etc.at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: 10 and 100 ppm levels effect hatchability. 1 ppm O.K. Aroclor 1254 2 year rat at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: At 90 days possible liver enlargement in males at 100 ppm. Histology O.K. Other levels O.K. 2 year dog at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: I At six months body weight effected at 100 ppm. Possibly less food consumption? Other levels O.K. Same parameters as 1242. V DSW 347914 STLCOPCB4085163 -2- Aroclor 1254 (Continued) 3 generation rat study at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: 100 ppm--effect on survival same as 1242. Chlcken--egg production, hatchabllity, survival, etc, at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: . 10 ppm O.K. but 100 effects hatchability. Aroclor 1260 J 2 year rat at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: At 90 days--possible liver enlargement in males and females at 100 ppm. Other levels O.K. 2 year dogs at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: At six months, body weight effect at 100 ppm, possibly at 10 ppm. One male and one female died--refused to eat. No other obvious reason for fatalities by gross examination. 3 generation rat study at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: No adverse effects. Chicken--egg production, hatchability, survival, etc, at 1, 10 and 100 ppm: . No effect. y 5^ 347915 STLCOPCB4085164 2-year rat chronic At 1, 10, 100 ppm Statua 90 days 2-year dog chronic Status--6 months 3 generation rat reproduction Chicken--Egg Production, Hatchability, Survival, etc. 1242 12^4 1260 100 ppm Liver enl. Males 10 ppm ' O.K. " 100 ppm Liver enl. Males 10 ppm O.K. 100 ppm Liver enl. M&F 10 ppm O.K. 100 ppm O.K. 100 ppm affects survival 10 ppm O.K. 10 ppm affects hatch. 1 ppm O.K. 100 ppm Body wt. dec. 10 ppm O.K. 100 ppm affects survival 10 ppm O.K. 100 ppm affects hatch. 10 ppm O.K. 100 ppm 1M-1F died refused food- no other gross atm. 10 ppm Possible body wt. effect 100 ppm O.K. 100 ppm O.K. y STLCOPCB4085165 TABLE 3 LOCATION OP ASKAREL TRANSFORMERS (ESTIMATES BY E. L. RAAB (GE) AND P. G. BENIGNUS) _. TYPE INSTALLATIONS INSTALLED 1969 ~ PERCENT POUNDS ASKAREL OP TOTAL . CinO 1) Industrial Load centers, mainly indoor, including welding transformers 11,800,000 2) Utility substations 1,200,000 3) Utility Net Works a) Below streets and side-walks, in vaults 2,000,000 6$ 10f b) Basements of buildings . 600,000 3$ *0 Shopping centers, schools, hospitals, office buildings, ship docks, warehouses, airports, high-rise, pad mounts 2,000,000 10f 5) Atomic power, space centers, radar power supplies, etc. 800,000 kf 6) Subway systems 7) Railroad Transformers 8) Electric Furnace Transformers 9) Instrument and measuring Transformers 10) Rectifier Transformers 200,000 200,000 200,000 '200,000 400,000 1io '& 1$ 1$ 2f ll) Mine, under and above ground units 200,000 If 12) Precipitation transformers 400,000 20,000,000 . 1 '--0 O 2f General BreakDown Indus trial Applications = `fr8f Utility and Commercial = 32$ . DSW 347917 STLCOPCB4085166 TABLE 4 30 0 CO vo pq cm o P rH ^ *1 coo HVO-=t c,, CM 'G *& 0<"-> -CP OI OO roH-=CVt1 &,| O rH O CM C H rH W' C < I-I CO rH I c o VO S3 in CO E CO o -St1 CO * rl to $ & C-=t _ inaq cu o oo 1 W rH Eh *8 c-odl G O 53 o rH VO i--4 rH CO $ co- m IAO <H CVJ OJ E~I O rH i--I EH +5 ,CbC^KEo-&t^-Cov&oo0^O}&- P-i CO CO c rH o oo O O CO CM o CO o rHVO CM I 53 rl rH 53 C O PQ rH rH O OPQ O Eh cco O O EH o|C 0pqOC<vCoM\R in |>31--t rH LT\ o\ inCH lf> -=t c rl o - CO I 53 H I--I A in vo PQ CM CM o in t- CM* o I CO rH 53 in I COO (oMll CM CO I E o CO cu VO in CM o 53 oO w Cj -P GH O tj B X An U GO 1 o u X <c X CO O > P JI--DI I--I GO CH O DSW 347918 STLCOPCB4085167