Document 93qLOQyqoBYeg5M2B9Xva8myp

June 21, 1972 Mr. James R. Gervan State Supervisor of Art & Music Education Department of Public Instruction Dover, Delaware 19901 Dear Jixnt Please find enclosed the sampling results of a survey of the atmosphere adjacent to a kiln during the firing of ceramic ware. The survey included a series of 4 samples taken over one firing cycle. The samples were analysed for lead and cadmium. The levels of lead and cadmium are approxi mately the same as is found normally in a suburban atmosphere. Annual mean concentrations reported for Kew York City is if68 by T.J. Knelp, M. Eiaenbud, C.D. Strehlow, and P.G. Freudenthal, in a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, June 22-26, 1969, were approximately 3 ug/nr for lead and 0.01S ug/nr for cadmium. I have much confidence in these results being accurate since I used my own equipment and the analyses were done at Kettering Laboratory. However, these results are representative only of the conditions at the kiln described at the time when the sampling was conducted, for the kiln operational procedure described, and the kiln contents as described. Other kilns, other procedures, other contents, etc., could affect the airborne aoncentratlons, and these negative findings should not be applied universally to all kilns and all conditions. Skis is the only survey that I have conducted since my visit with you in Wilmington. I hope that the Information will eventually be developed, so that it can be determined whether the firing represents any hazardous exposure* However, I believe that any attempt to reach this conclusion in the present ^ of our factual information would be premature. i_ , If I can provide any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me. I would appreciate receiving the information on the contents of the kilns which X sampled In Delaware. If you have developed any additional information on the subject of atmospheric levels, X would appreciate hearing about it.' Seat wishes. Sincerely, D. R. Lynam, Assistant Director Environmental Health DELjlg enc. cc: J. F. Smith, J. F. Cole Lizv- 76933 N J031 SURVEY OF CERAMIC KILN Facility: Small ceramic shop which sells ceramic supplies, identified as ABW, located in New York area. Date of Sampling: June 1, 1972 Type of Kiln: Hexagonal Vertical Stacking (3 stacks). Shutt Electrical Kiln, Model 231, Shutt and Sons, Portland, Oregon, Maximum Temperature 2300 F, Cone 8. Kiln Operation: This kiln was not equipped with a pyrometer. The firing was for Cone 06, with the kiln automatically shutting off when temperature reached 1860F. The firing procedure was to leave the top open approximately 1%" until a temperature of 1000 F was reached as determined by visual observation. The top was closed and kiln shut off automatically when reach ing temperature of 1860 F. Kiln Contents: (Types of Glazes) EZE Buttercup Yellow 600 EZE Orange 632 EZE Christmas Red 637 Duncan Bronze 645 Maco Clear 105 Maco White Opaque 638 Sampler Location: Suspended 1% feet directly above top of kiln for all samples. Sampler Type: Gelman Hurricane Hi-Volume, Membrane Filter - 1.2 micron pore size. Survey By: Donald R. Lynam Analysis of Filters by: Kettering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. SAMPLING RESULTS Sample No. 1 2 3 4 Concentration ug Pb/m^ ug Cd/m3 2.59 0.018 Time 10:10 - 11:00 A.M. 2.88 TTD. 0.029 0.015 11:01 - 12:28 .. i: 30 T792 070T7------ ' 1:31"- 2:30 Kiln Operation Kiln on at 10:10 and top opened approximately 1%" for initial drying. Kiln top closed at 11:00 at approximate temp of 1000F Kiln reached temp of T860F at 1:00 pm & shut off auto matically Kiln cooling down. LIA-76934 N 1031.01