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INVESTIGATION OF APPARENT INCREASED PREVALENCE OF BRAIN TUMORS IN A U.S. CHEMICAL PLANT
Victor Alexander,M.D..M.S.P.H..Sanford S. LeffIngwel1,M.D., j. William Lloyd,Sc.0..Richard J. Waxweiler.Ph.D..and Richard L. Miller,M.A.
presentation to WORKSHOP ON BRAIN TUMORS IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OCTOBER 27, 1980
UCC 048614
Table I a
WORK HISTORY DATA FOR 18 PRIMARY BRAIN CANCER CASES IN A TEXAS PETROCHEMICAL PLANT
Date of
Case
Hire
1
1 12/16/40 2 05/18/41 3 07/29/41 4 11/30/41 5 07/09/44 6 09/18/44 7 09/18/46 8 09/26/46 9 09/21/48 10 03/02/49 11 01/25/50 12 10/19/50 13 10/23/50 14 09/19/51 15 04/27/53 16 08/17/53 17 08/21/53 18 10/30/53
Date of Death
05/15/64 02/19/66 05/18/76 12/13/65 10/28/79 05/21/74 03/07/79 03/22/73 07/02/75 06/05/71 01/13/68 05/14/74 02/18/80 01/08/74 10/03/56 04/05/62 05/05/71 12/21/78
Length of
Age at
Employment
Death (years-months)
51 3-6 56 24-8 66 31-8
55 20-4 59 35-0 55 0-1 55 32-3 63 26-6
49 2-1 61 22-3 66 16-7 59 17-1 57 28-10 52 22-3 33 0-1 30 8-7 44 17-3 49 24-8
Job Title
Department
>
Operator Operator Foreman
Operator Boilermaker Operator Laborer/Oiler Operator
Pipefitter
Operator Equip. Operator Operator
Operator Machinist Machinist Heighmaster Operator Neighmaster
Production Production
Maintenance Production Structural Shop Production
Maintenance Production
Maintenance Production
Maintenance Energy Systems Production
Machine Shop
Maintenance Shipping Production Shipping
Table II
CURRENT PLANT WORKFORCE BY COUNTY OF RESIDENCE
County of Residence
Galveston Harris Brazorla Other Total
Type of Employee Hourly --si'TarTed
1,389 44 41 7
1,481
609 110
15 4 738
Source: Data provided by company.
Total
1,998 154 56 11
2,219
Percent
90.0 6.9 2.5 0.5
100.0
UCC 048616
Table III
Case Sex
1 UM 2 WM 3 UM 4 UM 5 UM 6 UM 7 BM 8 UM 9 UM 10 UM 11 UM 12 UM 13 UM 14 UM 15 UM 16 UM 17 UM 18 HM
DEATH CERTIFICATE AND HEDICAL RECORDS DATA FOR 18 PRIMARY BRAIN CANCER CASES IN A TEXAS PETROCHEMICAL PLANT
Residence Place of Birth
Galveston Galveston Harris Galveston Galveston
Galveston Galveston
Galveston Harris Galveston Galveston Galveston Galveston
Galveston Harris Galveston Galveston Galveston
Texas Missouri Texas Texas
Louisiana Texas
Texas Texas Texas Texas New Mexico Norway Texas
Texas Texas Louisiana Texas Texas
Cause of Death
Death Certificate
Medical Records
Carctnona of Brain Malignant Brain Tunor Brain Tunor Brain Tumor-Meningioma Glloblastona
Brain Tumor-Glial IVt Glloblastona
G1ioblastoma Astrocytona Malignant Gltona Glloblastona Glioblastoma G1 ioblastoma Glloblastona Glloblastona Brain Tunor Malignant Glioma
Brain Tunor
Glloblastona (MR)* Meningioma (A)
Glloblastona (A) Meningioma (MR)
Glloblastona (SP) No Records Available
Glloblastona (MR)
Glloblastona (SP) Astrocytona-Grade I (SP) Glloblastona MR) Glloblastona A) Glloblastona SP) Astrocytona-Grade IV
Glloblastona (A)
No Records Available Glloblastona A)
Glloblastona SP) Glloblastona (A)
Source: MR-Medical Records; A-Autopsy; SP-Surgical Pathology. tAstrocytona Grade IV and Glial IV are equivalent terns for Glloblastona nultlforne.
Table IV.
BRAIN AND OTHER CNS CANCER MORTALITY, 1950-1969: AVERAGE ANNUAL AGE ADJUSTED RATES PER 100,000
Location
White Male
' White Female
Black Male
United States
4.4
2.9
2.3
Texas
4.3 2.9 1.9
Galveston County
4.5
2.9
2.5
Harris: County
4.5
3.6
2.0
Brazoria County
3.1
3.9
1.2*
8 Lack _Femalj
1.5 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.5
*8ased on one case. The range of U.S. rates for white males for states with >10 deaths from 1950-1969 was 3.1-5.4. The range of Texas rates for white males for counties with >10 deaths from 1950-1969 was 2.3-10.8.
Source: U.S. Cancer Mortality by County, 1950-1969, National Cancer Institute, DHEW Pub. No. (NIH) 74-615, Bethesda, Maryland, 1974.
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Table V.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN CARCINOGENS
2- Acetylamlnofluorene Acrylonitrile 1-Aryl-3,3-DIalkyltrlazenes Azoethane* Azoxyethane* Azoxymethane Butylnltrosourea Cycasln 1,2-Diethylhydrazine Dlethylnitrosamlne* Diethyl Sulfate* Dimethyl benzanthracene* Dimethyl Sulfate*
Transplacental carcinogenesis.
ooc
Elalomycln Ethyl Methanesulphonate Ethylnltrosobiuret* Ethylnitrosourea* 1-Methyl-2-Benzyl-Hydrazine* Methyl Methanesulphonate Methylnltrosourea* Hethylnitrosourethane (Intraplacental) Procarbazine* Propane Sultone Propylene Imlne PyrrolIzidine Alkaloids Vinyl Chloride
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Table VI.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES: CLUES TO HUMAN BRAIN CANCER ETIOLOGY
Aluminum Workers Asbestos Insulation Workers Anti-Convulsant Use Farm/Rural Residents Geographic Clustering
Kentucky, Rhone Valley Halomethanes In Drinking Water Lead Smelter Workers
Machinists Oil Refinery Workers Pattern Makers Petrochemical Workers Rubber Workers Toxoplasmosis Vinyl Chloride Workers
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