Document 91DL967vnZJYwYRbBdxaQyqyq

American Chemical Society DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS 1155 SIXTEENTH STREET. N.W. WASHINGTON. D.C. 2003G Phone (202) 872-4600 April 15, 1974 120-227-74 MEMORANDUM - -- - TO: Mr. H. H. Fawcett FROM: S. T. Quigley ^ SUBJ: OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride 1 have enclosed a copy of the published emergency temporary standard for exposure to vinyl chloride previously described in my memoranda of March 29, 1974 (120-02LA-74) and April 1, 1974 (120-03LA-74). Since the petitions for an emergency standard requested that the standard be based on the recommendations of the Standards Advisory Committee on Carcinogens, I have enclosed a copy of those recommendations as published in the Federal Register. You will note that a rulemaking proceeding will soon be initiated' to develop a "permanent" standard. A proposed rule is expected to be published by April 19, 1974. It is based on the emergency standard and is more complete than the emergency standard in that it addresses the fire hazards of vinyl chloride as well as its toxicological properties. Once the proposed "permanent" rule for exposure to vinyl chloride is published, I shall forward a copy. A period of 60 days from the date of publication is generally provided for submission of comments to the Depart ment of Labor. Thus, assuming publication of the proposed rule by April 19, 1974 as expected, a tentative date of May 20, 1974 would be convenient for receiving the recommended comments of the Committee on Chemical Safety to allow coordination with any recommendations of the Committee on Environmental Improvement prior to transmitting a draft statement to the ACS Board of Directors for approval. If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact this office. Enclosures (2) cc: Dr. V. C. Brum Dr. R. W. Cairns Dr. R. L. Kenyon Dr. T. E. Larson Mr. H. A. Merrell CEI subcommittee to Dr. D. G. Crosby, Dr. E. V. Kleber Dr. D. MacDougall Dr. T. F. Yen 8EMC 009506 KOUAl IIGISU*. VOL J. NO. *7--filOAY, AMU J. W* pp. 12342 - 12344 k Title 29--Labor 50 ppm. In order to assess In a more rary standard. In a telegram to the As HAPTER xvn--occupational safety AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DE PARTMENT OF LABOR PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS definitive way whether that level ot ex posure produces tumors in animals. Data reported by Torkclson, Oycn nnd Rowe (American Industrial Hygiene Associa tion J 22:354-301 (1961)) ludicatc that exposure to VC at concentrations of 50 sistant Secretary of Labor, received on or about March 34, 1974. the President of the Unhid Rubber Workers Interna tional Union urged the establishment of nn emergency temporary standard for VC. During the hearing of February 35r i-jEmergency Temporary Standard for ppm failed to induce tumors In rau, 1674. the Industrial Union Department,' Exposuio to Vinyl Chloride hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. AJ-'L-CJO. and the United Rubber Work-- 1. Background. Vinyl chloride (chlo^o- clhcnc), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 76015, Is a synthetic chemi cal made by oxychlorlnntion of cthylettc or by liydrochlormation of acetylene, it Is the parent compound of a scries of thermoplastic resnt polymers nnd co polymers which arc widely used for con tainers. wrapping tissues, electrical In sulation. pipe, conduit and a variety of other products. Vinyl chloride has been made commercially In this country since 1939 and present production Is In excess of seven billion pounds per year. Vinyl chloride (VC) Is a efts at am bient temperature ard pressure and Is ft chlorinntcd hydrocarbon which has mod erate liver toxicity. The present standard sets a cclline value of 600 parts per million (ppm) (29 CFR 1910.93). On Jahuary 22. 1974, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration was Informed by tire National Institute for. Occupational Safety ftd Health (NIOSII) that the B. F. Goodrich Chem-. leal jCompany reported that deaths of several of Us employees from a rare form of Uver cancer may have been occupa tionally related. As a result of (his notiflBallon, and after consultation with ^iOSH 'and a Joint inspection of the plant by OS11A, NIOSH, and the Ken tucky Department of Labor, a fact-find ing hearing on possible hazards involved with the manufacture and use of both VC and polyvinyl cldorlde was an nounced on jnnuary 30. 1971 (39 FR 3874), and-held on February 16. 1974. The employees of the H, F. Goodrich Chemical Company who died from an giosarcoma of the Uver had an average exposure of approximately ID years to vinyl chloride, nt -unknown concentra tions. nnd variable exposures to other volatile chemicals. (TR 93). Some em ployees Of Union Carbide Company and Goodyear Company arc also reported in a post-hearing comment from NIOSH dated March 11, 1974. to have had ex posure to vinyl chloride nnd to have died from angiosarcoma of the liver. Finally, autopsies of four deceased employees re vealed that liver angiosarcoma tumors were histologically Indistinguishable from the angiosarcoma tumors observed In Professor Mallonl's experimental anl-. tnals. It is concluded therefore, that vinyl chloride Is carcinogenic lor hu mans, We therefore conclude that the present standard for VC should be lowered from a celling of 500 ppm to a ceiling of 50 ppm for the following reasons: (a) In light of the evidence referred to above including the Maltoni experi ments demonstrating that VC Is carcino genic In animals at 250 ppm. we conclude that VC must be considered carcino genic In man at the same level: (b) Although Professor Maltoni did not Induce tumors In his experimental animals at nn exposure concentration of .50 ppm, these data do not support the concept that occupational exposure of employees to concentrations of 50 ppm throughout their working lifetime would bo without detrimental health effects; ers International Union made a Joint petition for an emergency temporary standard for VC (TR 141-14B). which was also Joined by the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union (TR 37). At the same hearing, several participants urged, on the other hand, a regular rulemaking proceeding as the most suitable for the orderly develop ment of relevant Information (TR 112," 180'. The petitions for an emergency tem porary standard specified In detail the contents of llie standnre. requested. In substance, the request Is to Issue a com prehensive fully-developed standard based on the recommendations of the Standards Advisory Committee on Car cinogens submitted lo the Assistant Sec retary of Labor on or about August 27. 1973. The recommendations arc farranging. and cover special categories of operations, signs and Labels, medical sur veillance. reporting, etc.. Including a per mit system for the use of a carrlnogi-n. We agree that an emergency tempo rary standard Is necessary; we cannot say on the basis of the information developed so far llmt a comprehensive standard, such as the one requested. Is either neces sary or even desirable. It has been de cided to promulgate a standard contain ing only those essential provisions which arc deemed necessary to provide protec tion to employees from grave danger until a regular rulemaking proceeding In accordance with sections 8 (b) an.: (c) of the Act can be concluded. The rea sons for a decision to establish a celling 2. Carcinogenicity of VC. Information (c) The question wheihcr safe levels value of 50 ppm have elrcndy been produced at the hearing demonstrated of exposure to carcinogens exist for hu stated. A decision on other possible, ap that exposure of laboratory animals (mostly Spraguc-Dawlcy rats) (o VC by mans nnd, if so, what such levels would be. Is the subject of continuing scientific propriate provisions Is best made after consideration of nil relevant dnLn nnd Inhalation at and below (he current deliberation. In the cuse of VC, Profes- views that Interested persons may sub OSHA standard of 500 ppm Induced snr Maltoni did not observe tumors in mit during the proceeding soon to bo tumors. Including angiosarcomas of the his ftnlmals at exposure concentrations initiated. liver. Professor.Cesarc Maltoni, of the Institute dl Oncologia, Bologna. Italy, re of 50 ppm. In addition. Torkclson. Oycn. and Rowe found that exposure to con With respect to arguments In opposi tion to Issuance of an emergency tem ported on a series of experiments on the centrations of 50 ppm of VC failed to In- - porary standard, the concern nnd efforts effect of - exposure of rats, mice, and ducc tumors In rats, hamsters, rabbits, of several companies participating nt the hamsters to VC at concentrations of 10,- and dogs. Accordingly, there Is Insuf bearing for the protection of their em 000; C.000: 2.500; 500; 250; and 50 ppm ficient evidence at this time to conclude ployees arc recognized. It may nlso bo for varying periods of time (TR 43-G3), Uiat VC at concentrations of 50 ppm or that some employers In some plnnts linve Gome of the experiments have been con below poses a grave danger to humans. fully complied with the interim controls cluded. and other:; arc still ongoing. The experimental results so lar repotted are that tumors have been observed In groups of animals exposed to VC at con `d) The emergency temporary stand ard adopted represents a substantial re duction In the permissible level of expo sure and. In our practical Judgment, Is reeomnieiulctl to- NTOSH on January 30. 1974. There is. however, reason to believe that employees arc currently being ex posed to VC at concentrations ivoli above centrations as low as 250 ppin. No tumors tl-.e lowest level that can be compiled 50 ppm. This was asserted several tlmca have been observed In the group of ani with Immediately; and at the bearing, nnd not seriously ques- mals cxixised to VC at a concentration of 50 ppm. 31 also appears so far that the total number of lum-irs. as well us the numbers of angiosarcomas of the Uver, decrease as llie concentraiions of (e) This standard will be In effect for a period of no longer than six months, during which time the whole question of possible safe exposure ot humans lo VC will be reron.Mdcrrd more fully and hi tlimed. Moreover, a report, dated Mnrch 1974, of a survey by llie stafT of the Oifleo v of Standards Development. OrillA. of several facilities manufacturing VC and ' polyvinyl chloride revealed coneentra- VC arc reduced lo 250 ppm. Fm.tlly, Llie light of inoie informal Ion. Iiuludiiig Hons for siime Job classifications ns high another experiment by Professor Mal experiments wlurh arc under way at this as 229 ppm. Therefore, a regulation lx toni Is underway Involving the exposure time <TR 47.49.71-74). considered necessary to provide. lmnicdJ- , of 300 animals to VC at concentrations of 3. Petition} for an emergency tempo ately, adequate protection to workers ex-- 6ENC 009509 ` posed to VC.' Also, the eight-hour. time- Secretary of Labor's Order No. 11-71 (36 (4) F.mplovct obrernoffon ot monitorweighted octrece standard sur-:ested by FK 8754>. 29 C171 Part 1910 Is amended ing. Employees working la an area or eert-rnl participants at the hearing (seo. by adding therelo a new I 1910.93q to operation whose ambient air Is moni for Instance, Tit 1781. has been rejected. read as set forih below, in addition, pur tored. or their representatives, shall be The Mnrch 1974 report of the survey re suant to section 4ib>(2) of the Act (84 given a reasonable opportunity to observe vested Unit several kinds of work or op- Slat. 1592; <29 U.S.C. 653)), tho stand tho personnel monitoring required by cratlons arc of *!u>rt duration. Loading ard In the new { 1910.93Q Is determined this section, '* or unloading of a tank car may require to be more effective than tho corre (5) Rccord!:eeping. The results of all approximately 15 minutes. Tbo cleaning sponding standards now In Subpart U of monitoring tliall be recorded In writing. of n reactor may require approximately Part 1910. In Parts 1915, 191G. 1917, 1918, The recoitls shall be retained tor at least half tin hour. An eight-hour, time- and 192G of title 29. Code of Fcderni Reg 5 years and shall be made available for .n-clghled average standard would permit ulations, and In Part 50-204 of Title 41 of Inspection and copying by representa exposure to "VC at concentrations of 400 the Code of Federal Regulations. There tives of the Assistant Secretary of Labor ppm for one hour. Such upward excur fore. these corresponding standards are for Occupational Safely and-Health sions, several times the 50 ppm level, can superseded by the new standard In and the Director of the Nalionn! Insti not be permitted to occur, la 4. The standard. The standard set out f 1510.93q. 1. In 29 CFR Part 1910. } 1910.93 Is tute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). .below contains only the requirements amended by deleting from Table G-l the (6) Employer access. F.acli employee deemed necessary to provide protection line:.......... C Vinyl chloride 00 and former employee shall hnvc access to before the conclusion of the rulemaking ' * * 1300". 6uch records of the results of monitoring "proceeding to be commenced shortly. 2. Part 1910 of Title 29 of the Code required by this section as will indicate , Because exposure to VC* Is hazardous, of Federal Regulations is amended by his own exposure to airborne concentra and because such exposure can occur In adding thereto a new (I910.93q to read tions of vinyl chloride. :, the processes of synthesizing or polym erizing of VC or In the handling, of VC polymers or copolymers which contain absorbed VC, this standard applies to all uch processes and to the handling, re acting, manufacturing, processing, re leasing, repackaging, or stornge of any of : these materials. The monitoring requirc.meats serve two purposes, to trigger into operation a compliance program and to check the effectiveness of the program. .Also, engineering controls arc favored for compliance, and respirators arc intended "io provide protection until such controls can be installed or in cases where such ponlrols arc not feasible, _ Accordingly, by reason of the foregoing and on the basis of the record of the hearing of Fcbimary 15, 1974, with ex hibits, the written submissions received before the hearing pursuant to the notice of the hearing, the post-hearing written submissions by the participants at the hearing, the March 1974 report of a factfinding survey recommendations received from NIOSH, and the other data lcfcrrrd to herein, It is found (1) that VC at con centrations In excess of 50 ppm is physi cally harmful and carcinogenic; (2) that exposure to VC at concentrations in ex cess of a concentration of 50 ppm poseS a grave danger to employers; (3) that em ployees arc presently exposed to VC at concentrations In excess of 50 ppm; and 44) that the emergency temporary stand ard set out below Is necessary to provide Immediate protection to employees from such danger, ' Pursuant to section 6 (el of the Occu pational Safety and Health Act of 1970, a proceeding will commence shortly In accordance wiLh section P(b) of the Act, In which the emergency temporary' standard will serve as a proposed rule, together with other subsidiary rules. As soon as possible a draft environmental Impact statement will be filed with the President's Council on Environmental ;Quality, and copies will bo provided to . other appropriate Federal agencies Tor their comments. Pursuant to sections G(c) anil 0(c) (3) of tho V.'Ullam.--f?lelerr OccupniImuil as follows: J91Q.93if Vinyl tldori.lr, (a) Scope and application. (1) Tills section applies to any area or operation In which vinyl chloride (ehlorocUicnc), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 75015, is manufactured, reacted, handled, processed, released, repacked, or stored. 12) Tills section docs not apply to Hie handling, storage, or other use of vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers hi the form of fabricated products. <b) Permissible exposure. The occupa tional environment shall be controlled so that no employee 1s exposed to vinyl cldorldo at a concentration In excess of 50 parts per million .(ppm) (127.0 mg/cum). (c> Monitoring--(1) Initial monitoring. As soon as possible but not later lhan April 22, 1974. every employer of an em ployee working In an area or operation in which vinyl chloride is manufactured, re acted. handled, processed, released, re packed. or stored shall begin monitoring the ambient air of the area to dctrrmlne whether it contains vinyl rhloride in con centrations In excess of 50 ppm. <2> Frequency, Monitoring of a sufiirient number of employees so that a representative sample of exposures to vinyl chloride may be determined shall be accomplished not less frequently than weekly until all results for three consecu tive weeks are at or below 50 ppm. There after, monitoring shall be conducted not less frequently Ilian monthly so long ns the concentrations of vinyl chloride do not exceed 50 ppm. If a monitoring sam ple reveals vmyl chloride in concentra tions in excess of 50 ppm. weekly moni toring shall be resumed until nil results for three consecutive weeks are at or be low 50 ppm. (3) .Method ot monitoring. Personnel monitoring shall be accomplished by col lecting samples by suitable devices worn by the employee. The samples shnli he analyzed by gas chromatographs' or by any other method which Is of cquiialcnt sensiUiity. The analytical procedure shall he sensitive to 5 ppni of vinyl chlo (7) Employee notification. Each em ployer shall promptly notify any em ployee who has been or Is being exposed to vinyl chloride in concentrations in ex cess of 5b ppm, and slmll inform him of the corrective action being taken. : (d* Comiihnnce. <l> Whenever any monitoring sample reveals vinyl chloride at a concentration In excess of 50 ppm. or whenever any ace.ident, such ns rup ture of equipment or spillage, Indicates the likelihood of n greater than usual release of vinyl chloride into the ambient air. all employees exposed to such con centrations shall be withdrawn to a safe area and shall not be permitted to re enter the work area unless they wear cither Type C continuous flow or pres sure demand air supplied respirators or self-contained breathing apparatus. (2) Work which may reasonably bo expected to release vinyl clUoride In con centrations In excess of 60 ppm. such as repair, maintenance or cleaning of re actors or other equipment containing vinyl chloride, .shall be nrcomphslvd only by employers wearing Type C continuous flow or pressure demand air supplied res pirators or self-contained breathing ap paratus. (3> In any ease covered by para graphs (d)(1) or (di (2) of Llils srciion. in addition to providing the required respirators, the employer shall examine and analyze the source of the excessive concentrations of vinyl chloride m order to determine feasible engineering or op erational controls appropriate to reduce the airborne concentrations to Hie per-' missable level. Such controls shall be implemented as quickly as possible. (4) Periodic tests shall be conducted for CQiiipmrnt leaks and for emissions of vinyl chloride winch may result from work practices, 3. In 29 CFR Part 1910, { 1910.19 Is revised to read as follows: 1910.1') Spcriul pros ijuihia fur air rsmlAiiiinunt*, (a' Asbestos rlust. Section 1910.D3A .'.hall apply lo the exposure of cvny em ployee to asbestos dust in every employ ment mid place of employment covered ' Safety and Health Act of 1970 (B4 Slat. ride 111 air with an accuracy of 20 per by 5 1910.12. 5 1910.13. V 1910.14, 1590, 1599; (29 U.3.C. G55, G57)), and cent for a ten minute air sample. 5 1910.15, or 5 1910.1G, In lieu of any dif- GENC 009510 3 ferent standard on exposure to asbestos dust which would otherwise be appli cable by virtue of any of those sections. (b) Vinvl chloride. Section 1910.93q shall apply to the exposure of every em'ployce to vinyl chloride In every employ ment and place of employment covered by i 1910.12. S 1910.13. t 1910.14. I 1910.15, or 1 1910.10, In lieu of any dlf ferent standard on exposure to vinyl chloride which w-ould otherwise be ap plicable by virtue of any of those sec tions. Effective date. These amendments shall become effective on April 5, 1914. (Secs. 4. 0. and 8, 84 Suit. 1503. 1600, 1600 (00 U.S.C. 053. 065. 057): Secretary of Labor'* Order No, 13-71, 36 TR 8754.) Signed at Washington. DC., this 2d day of April 1914. John Spender, Assistant Secretary of Labor. i' "f frn Doe.74-7800 mod 4-4-74:8:45 ami No, i7D--rt, 1---- 7 FTOtlAl StCIJUt, VOL 3, NO. 173--.c2!DaY, SLnLMUIl 7, 1973 .......... y.'qr </v 7 if PROPOS'D RULES . .. ppARTUENT OF LABOR Occupational Sefely and Health . AdminiitiJl/on [ 29 CTR Part 1910 ) _standards advisory committee on carcinogens Notice of Receipt ot Recommendations of the Committee and of their Availability for Tublic Inspection (b) ..Vcope ard application.--This sec' tion applies to any workplace in which a carcrnc-ycti ls manulacluiud. proc essed, used, icpnc'knr.cd, r.leased han dled or .stemd. but. shall not apply to any workplace imolving only shipment of . carcinogens in appropriate, sealed containers. (c) Terminology.--For tho purpose of this standard; (1) "carinogen" in cludes .one oc mere of the fourteen sub stances listed below. Notice Is hereby fiictt that the Stand ards Advi.-ory Committee on Carcino gens, established under rection T of the Willlams-Steigcr Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. 1592), - submitted to the A-tsislant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, on August 27. 1013, its rccotn- mendations lor a standard for certain carcinogens. The full text of the recom mended standard Is set forth in an ap- __pcruitx to this notice. The number appearing in parentheses In. the lower right corner of each recom mendation records tlic voting of Die Committee' members. The first number indicates the alhrmatlve voter., the sec ond number Indicates the negative votes, and any tided number indicates absten- lions. Copies of the recommended standard will aLso bo made available for inspec tion, and copying, upon request. at the . As. Department of Labor, .Odice of ^^Htuidardx, Railway Labor Building, 5lW, 400 First Street ICtV, Wash- inrtoa D.C. 20210. and at the following -j reidonol ofiiecs: | John Y. Kennedy Federal Building. 1 Government Center. Hoorn No. K303, i Boston, Mass. 02:.J3; 1515 Broadway, i New York, -N.Y. 10G3G: Penn Square Budding, Room 023. 1317 Filbert Street, i Philadelphia. Pa. 19107: 1275 Peachtree Street NE,, Suite 5S7. Atlanta. Ca. 30309; 1300 South Wnckcr Drive. Room 1201, ; Chicago. LI. COOCO: Seventh floor. Texi aco Building, 1512 Commerce Street, Dalles, Tex. 75201; 823 Walnut Struct. . WaUo-.vcr Building, Room 300. Kansas i City, Mo. CdJ01; Federal Building. Room 115010. Poet Office Box 35S3. 1901 Slant .Street. Denver. Colo. 30202; 9170 Federal ; Building, 450 Golden Cate Avenue. Box . 3C017, San Francisco. Calif. 94102; 5C6 Second Avenue. 1302 Smith Tower Build1 Inc. Seattle. Wash. 93104. j Signed at Washington, D.C. this 29th j day of August 1973. j JonN II. Sttxider, ti Assistant Secretary ol Labor. j Appexdec |7ROrOSSD STANDARD FOtt CHP.TATN CAfiriN'Oj CLNS AS r.tlCOSlMrNDCD DY THE STAND ARDS ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CAr.CINO CEUS ACCOST 71, 1573 i 1910.9 3c Carcinoqctis. ^_(n) Purpose.--The purpose of this ^^wulard Ls to prevent any worker con^Ipt or expo.Mirc to any of the listed car- .clnosens as detected by the most sensi tive. feasible sampling and analytical Iiiithi.-'., ii\ ........ ... pCoNouomn.d* Cbemlnli * CFbtc<>K.mnno'r-J.i3Je-1/;t1 3741.... ..._.......__......_........ 715.................................... 1)l3.__ 13.... . 4>ia3U!442l.tlir,'*j-':fN*3sAha-Anti'iiM'ai('hit.crt,lv.'ivNiMrr>sd>'ttit,Nl)i*fh'Jb.'Iai,tCf7riayiaj1nl*IjufNHfaci..tt.fl('!JtpoilmCjihM^firoth.y&).ioli*otIr.vsiv*Av.!yrnoiuIvutml.svtt:.^"*u;.lorit!'.vnMt*i.>b.n..'1f.*ftu--.er_r).,.ii_.ts(i.&*n.--sr.od..-w;.________.l___.u_. ...*_ * 0VsLrU*-SaU73ii 1C3)O3U777 VeS7r*.A'3v:3ji 1011 H 14........ J5WI' (2) "Regulated area" ls nn area in . wld,ch there b potential exposure to u carcinogen and where entry -rud exit shall be restricted 'and controlled by the employer. (31 "Decontamination" Is the safe rc- . moral from the work environment or Inactivation of a carcinogen so eliminate residual carcinogen as ceieciible by the most sensitive, feasible sampling. and analytical method; available. (4) "Disposal" is the safe removal or Inactivation of a carcinogen to prevent introduction of the carcinogen into reg ulated areas, nonrcgulated nreact, or the external environment. (5) ``Feasible" is capable of being ac complished successfully within the best practicable technology as it exists or may develop. (G) "Closed system" is an operation In volving a carcinogen where the con tainment prevents the release of the carcinogen, as detected by the moat sen sitive, feasible, continuous sampling and analytical methods available, into reg ulated areas, nou-rcgulatcd areas, or the external environment. (7) "Isolated system" Js a fully en closed strurtuic. which Is impervious to the passage of a carcinogen.' other than the vessel of containment of the car- . cinogcn, and -winch would prevent tho entry of the carcinogen into rcgu'atcd areas, non-iegul.ucd areas, or the exter nal environment, should leakage or spillage from the vessel of containment occur. (8) "Laboratory type hood" Is a device enclosed on three side.; and ihe top and bottom, dc.iii'.iied and maintained so as to draw air inward at an average linear face velocity of JB0 feet per minute with a minimum of 123 feel per minute; de signed. roust meted, and m..!iitsm.'d in such a way that an opoi.ition involving a carcinogen uitiim the heoj doer, not re nin i e the ne rrl i.-n ,<i r,\ i. ,, |,i ,.f ,,tiv employees' body other than his hands and amis. c.f. the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists "In dustrial Ventilation. A manu.il of Rec ommended Practice" rection on labora tory hoods details and operation when handling and using highly toxic sub stances, and the section ` Jiood Design Data." (9)"Orcn vessel system" is an opera tion involving a carcinogen in an open vessel, not in an isolated system, not in a 1abora to ry-type hood, nor in other sys tems iifloriiing equivalent protection, which may allow the entry of a ca remo ter! into 7c:.i'.lr.tc:l r.teas. non-ivyulatotf areas, or the external environment. (10) ``Nonicp.dated area" is any area under the control of the employe.' which is not subject to the provisions of this section because there ls no potential for exposure to a carcinogen. (U). "External environment" Is any environment external to tlio regulated and noil-regulated areas. (12) "Redundant protection" is a backup system for operations involving carcinogens which ls capable of provid ing immediate protection should the pri. mary system fall. (13) "Protective work clolliing" Is clothing designed to protect the worker against contact with or exposure to car cinogens in, the regulated ureas. (14) "Emergency" ls an unforcceen circumstance or set of circumstances re sulting in the release of a carcinogen ' which may result in the cXjV.y.u-e or con tact with the carcinogen as evidenced by its detection either by the most- sensitive, feasible samp';::;: and analytical methods .available .or by oilier obvious, evidence such as physical detection or an indica tion of equipment failure or impending failure, v.TJch emergency calls for im mediate actioii. (d) Requirements for areas containing carcinogens.--A regulated area shall be established by the employer where a car- cinogcn is manufactured, processed. used, repackaged, rcieaicd, handled or stored. All such areas shah be regulated in ac cordance with the requirement:; for the following categories of operations in volved; 1 (1) Isolated Syslar..--Where a carcin ogen is contained within an isolated sys tem, sucli as a "glove box", employees and other authoiivcd individuals working with such a system shall be required to wash their hands and arms upon comple tion of the assigned task and before en caging in other unrelated activities. (2) Closed si,sicm operation.--Where a carcinogen Is stored In scaled containers, or contained in a closed system, such as fully enclosed process or tran-dor equip ment, Including pipes; sample ports or openings, if prr.-cnt, ate n-B In u:.c while a carcinogen is contained within: (i) Arcvss to the i cqulaicd area sliail be rcstrieied to only employees who woik . in that area and other authorized in dividuals. (il) licfoic entering the regulated nrca each workday all employees and other uiithorired Individuals shnil be provided with and be required to wear now or de contaminate.! appropriate protective v m 1: rl.,1 lull" GENC 009512 r- ,,* (Hi) Dunn't tJic workday, surli em ployees : jul ol'ri'T ftlilhori.'i-d Individuals r.hr.Il b; requited Ip remove mid It ave Ui.it clothing at list- roan of exit upon each i. from the iLgul.itcrt cic.".. Iv) suti' emplevecs and other r.uthor- \ individuals .-.hR)l be how red to v.r.xh lutiul.' r.nd ir.t-e tir'd) each c."h from Die regulated r.:iT.. dene to me point of exit. (v) Sucl) i mployccs find outer auuior- J7.cd Jiu*ivitir-ol' .`hall be requm'd to re move ancl pines till proto-live voile clolhinf ii; cut r ppr.iprir.te re.ntz.Sv.er (lor pm-p'ses decoiunmmztiou or dis posal) after Just exit ol Hie day ftym tho regulated r.rr.'i. (vi) Such employees and other r.ulhor- lzcd indnidur.ls shall bo required to shower after lost doily exit from the reg ulated r-.:ia, date to the point of exit. (3) TrunsJ.r )'':i r. r'o'-rd. r.tcfiV:, charging or discharging point opera- 1 (ions, or elhrrvi=n opening n dosed sys tem. In operation!-. involving "i ibo.-atory type hood:.", or in location.; "here u carcinogen is contained in an otherwise : -closed system", but is liv. listened, , charged, or discharged into otlier nor mally clo.ed conia:neri: ` : CD Access to the regulated area shall ' be restricted to only employ >'cs "ho '.fork in that aixa and other authorized in dividuals. ; (11) Continuous local exhaust vontllnj tlon followed Ly appropriate dicontanU nation and dispv.al shall he maintained to prevent the tit' genuon of ihc enrerno' pen to r.-fnlaud areas, non-re: ulz ted ' areas, eir tho external tnviroicntnt. ' (iil) lie-lore ei.ieririi: the temulated area ^^.ach a oil: day. all employees and other ^^^uthorie.ecl individuals s.h.di be pi cviri.vd ^ilh anti be icquired to v.i-.ir new or de- ^^outamiiu led. appropriidc ' ptotecftvc i V.or): clothing. such as smocks. coveralls : or lonc-ski ved shirts'and lo v. pants. : Itv) Such employees and ether nutuor' Jaed Individuals shall be required to rc1 move and leave that duelling ut the point ' of exit upon each exit from the regulated area. <v) Employees and other authorized ' Individuals in the regulated area in volved in r.aicipngen liandlin;: e-peratiens 'Shall be prcnidrtl with and be required to vror and use appronriato personal proleelivc equipment adequate to pret Vent exposure lo a carcinogen. i| (vi) Such employees and other au thorized individuals shall be required to .vr.sh hands uu.d lace upon each exit from the regulated area, close lo the point of exit. (vii) Such employees and other au. Uiorlzcd individuals shall to required to .shover after last exit ol the day from ' the regulated area, close lo the pomI ol ! exit. i ' (viil) Employees nnd oilier authorized '. Individual"- in the regulated area shall I be requir'd to remove and place nil pio: tcctivc equipment In an appropriate con tniwr nl tlie b.ood site or chairing. dis chargin'/ t.r transfer point after woik at that site or point. (4) Opeii irs.'vl system*.-- 0) Open vessel syxli-m operation.', as defined above in paragraph ctb). shall be prohib^lLcd. (5) jilaiiilrnanrc and Deronta initiation ^P^tclirifin'.-- lu deeiiptamiii'.:'.ion of enr- cino'Mtf.x), (ithcr as a p.ut of cleau-up of leaks or nlk, maintenance or repair where direct contact wllh a cnrcmcc.cn could result/each employee or other au thorized individual entciLn; that area shall: (i) Be provided with, nnd be required to wear, n decontaminated, full, impervi ous, pressurized, i-.ii-siipplied suit upon vniermn tl'.at urea and while encaged in such operations; . (ii) lie decontaminated before leaving that area`mid before removing the suit; ' and ' , (iii) Ee required to shower after re moving such suit. (C) "Out-o/-doors svs/rins--No dis tinction iliall he made between out-of- door rcsrulelcel areas ar.d indee-r regul.'.lcd areas. '(e) Ccircral rcpKlctcd areas regrircvicvts.--In ndddjo.-i to the rcpulated tiT'Cs of systems listed in paragraph id) ol this section tlie following rtquirc. meins apply to all regulated areas: (1) Each employer shall establish and maintain a list of employees enuring a regulated area. Thy list shall be mnde available on request to outhortzed rep resentatives of the Secretary of Labor ' rsid the Secretary of Health. Education, end Welfare. (2) The employer shall provide Rll .work clothing, protective cioihiiig. equip ment, and wash nnd shower supplies In cluding towels, required by tills section. 13) Any required shover rooms shall be provided in accordance with f 1910.141. Shower supplies may be Introduced into a shower room only through a noDcont.'.'mk'.ated area. (4) No food, beverage, drug, or cos metic sliall be permitted within a regu lated area. (5) No smoking or smoking materials, tobacco products, or chewing materials shall be permitted within a regulated area. (C) Appropriate Instructions and signs - shall be posted at the entrance to. and exit from, regulated areas to Inform em ployees of the procedures that must bo followed in entering. and leaving a regulated area, (7) Any equipment, material, or any other Ueins that are lo be taken Into or removed from a regulated area by any employees or other authorized In dividuals shall be taken in or removed from such area in such a manner which docs not contaminate outside U>0 regu lated area. (8) When only removal of outer cloth ing or personal protective equipment is required under paragTubh <d> of Uits section, nt point of exit from a regulated area, an employee must be able. ui>on exit from the regulated area, to enter the change room, remove outer work gar ments and equipment and leave them in that room Jn an appropriate container. (9) When change nnd shower facili ties are icquirod under paragraph (d) of this section nt point of exit from a regu lated area, they shall be arranged so that upon exit, an employee must be able to enter a separate duly change room where lie ran umliess compl*`te'.y and leave every iictn of clothing and equip ment in approved containers. All cloth ing shall be decontaminated before laimdenng, JJe must then "be able to shower in an adjacent room winch he can enter through an entrance designed to pi event (he e- rape of enrarnpem. horn the dirtv eham e loom to the : hewer enter a clean change room where bis street rloliit; sre in lux locker. <JO) When work area garments or protective clothing and equipment r.re required under pxtai.raph <d) of this section to be worn in n regulated area, a Jean change uo:n must be provided so that before enuring the regulated area, the employee or other authorwed individuals can change m:o clean \.nrk area garments or protective clothing and equipment in p.n area not containing con taminated or used work clothing or equipment nnd without paxsing iliiough such a contaminated area to enter the regulated area. Tiic clean change room . shall have individual storage facilities ! for storage of street clothes and clean protective clothing ar.d equipment. (11) CoMf.itiouj g-r.ir.d mechanical eihaaxt ventilation sliall be provided In regulated turns, or oilier positive means provided, so that contaminated air fro.-n tho regulated, area dees not flow to nonreguiated r.reas, l/vtal exhaust vcntila- . tlon may satisfy this requirement. Clean makeup air shall replace air removed. (12) In emergencies, immediate meas ures shall be initiated, including all of the following; (I) Evacuation from potentially af fected area as soon as the emergency has been determined.' (II) The release shall be contained and stopped as expeditiously as possible by duly-trained, authorized, nnd continually available emergency team operating under tire conditions described in <d) (5). The makeup of the team sluill be determined by need. . (ill) Medical surveillance shall be In stituted for any individuals present in the potentially affected area. (Iv) Normal operations in the area are to be resumed only after ciTectivc de contamination. (r) Safe escape In case of an emer gency shatl be readily possible by satis factory means of egress. (vi) Specific emergency procedures thall be prescribed, the terms of such procedures shall bo posted, and the em ployees shall be familiarized with their terms and rehearsed in their application. (vli) The emergency first gid proce dures that shall be u.,ed shall be specifi cally appropriate to Die hazard for eachcarcinogen nnd these procedures shall be generally recognized ns effective. (1) Signs ar.d labels.--Cl) Entrances to regulated areas shall bo prominently pasted with legible signs bearing the legend: CANCER HAZARD AREA AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY For Isolated environment o;>erat!ons. tho sign shall be posted on or near the struc ture containing tho Isolated system, (2) Equipment, material, and clothing Contaminated with u carcinogen shall not be removed from n regulated area, unle.xs It Is cither decontaminated or sc..led In Impervious contamerj bearing Die legend: DANGER ' Cofttxr.ilnnlx-d wttti CANCER HAZARD AGENT (3) Entrances to every regulated area for operations described In paragraph (d)(S> of tills ,`ecilon shall be piomtnentjy px.slcd wilh legible signs bearuig Die legnid: GENIC 009513 ' c/u;ck: JIAZAI'.D IN THIS AF-EA fpu. iMj'i tvious imi r.',vni/7:n Aintuir: .'::u M'rr lu.ibmuu AT AU. TV.lf.S the results of that examination shall be forwarded to the comp-iny-dei-.'mated physician and the-e records shall be aotiiop.iz l.d rcu3C:;:.rL only k> Vveoninminahon.--DecontamlnaP moatsit, /.hall bo ctubhihed end plemcnlcd to remote carcinogens from dcso.'il.gi.'J.'tuic'.i rr l :J: 1 j'. Hut nrt known to be coutiuunstcd with .1 carcinogen. <h) h'a.ile dishornl--V/r--te disposal treated in a confidential manner. tii) Only physicians ai.,1 medical con sultants of tiie Department of Labor, physicians dcucnatcd by t'..: comj-.uny, and phy: icia;is rte.-ignntcd and author ised by the employee shall k.v.c acccw to' the mcdhal records, v.licre comideniiality of ihcsc decumcnls shall he preicr. exL methods mid p.-cawr. shall be estab (iii) Medical records shall be main lished arid i.-pp.'oircuicd r,h.'ch do not penult carcinogens to be- Introduced i:itn tained for the duration of ike employee's employment: a copy of thc.e records regulated mas, non-re/uhiiedareas, 'or shall he maintained by the company- the cMrnvi! cniirintiKni. ; (J) l`crj\jrmar.cc St endaid.-- (1) Y/lien- cvcr t: carcinogen is pre.-ent, no measurable exposure or contact shall be per- - milled by aaiy route, oral, rcspimoiy, or .designated physician: and in addition, at the termination of employment, the records shall be forwarded hv rc-vistcrcd ir.ajl to the Director ot the National In stitute for OccusiaLonr.l Safety ar.d shin. |i. (2) For the purple of this paragraph "present" shall int.ia manufactured, piO'.-e'.-ad, P/cd, pat hared. releasee;, han dled' stored, or otherwise present. (3) for the purpura of tins paragraph "measurable" shall nii-an detectable, by (t) the most srn-btne, feas::ile. ap proved reliable methods of environmen tal and jierucn.M nic./utormg, and 01) the most sensitive approved tests for detecting a carc.nogen or Its metab olites In biological fluids. <J) Monitoring.--To provide Informa Health. (iv) In the event that an employer ceases buMners without a sucecssor. med ical records shall be feu warded by regis tered mail to the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (l) Labeling.--AH container/ of carcin ogens for use other than process equip ment shall be labeled prominently with the words: Cured--Hacaso ! i pAired---avoid am. contact and rxrosvxt 1 tion enablin'- the employer to comply For opening And use by Authorised per with the requirements of this regulation, personal and environmental sampling proccditiea and monitors appropriate to each carcinogen or combination of car cinogens m:d capable of detecting by the most smskl.e, feasible methods avail- bo used by employers to detect provide a record of tr.c presence of cvej of-enretnegen in regulated areas and lion-regulated areas, and to monitor the discharge of carcinogen into the ex ternal environment. sonnel. Tlie chemical And common name shall be clearly ldeniLlcd. (m) Training and indoctrination,-- (I) AU employees v.i.o '.rv.y per'.'x'.'.r.r.l'y or routinely enter a regulated area, in cluding maintenance and supervisory personnel, where ar.y emvinocen Is man ufactured. processed, used, repackaged, released, handled or stcuvd, shall be pro vided with an Indoctrination program which shall include definitive iiiformai tlon concerning: Nors.--It should bo *0 urgent concern of the 1>; part meat of Lntjnr In conjunction v.Tih tho National Instltuto for Occupational ' tl) The nature of the hazards, includ ing local and systemic toxicity, of any of the carcinogens or other potentially Snfrty nail L'cv.'.Ui and the Environmental hazardous chemicals present in the reg I'roU'Cil.jn Agency to undertake and/or con tract for tl o development of monitors which shall have a ;>'fi5lUvi:y of e.'. least, one part of carcinogen per billion pvts of air (v/v), in dividual e n xlyiiciil results to be 'produced by such mot her at Inlervr.'j no ervater than tiro hours throughout tho nothin; day. Of equally urr-til conccru should 1> the devel- ulated at.-,-., (II) The specific nature of the opera tion .or procedure, such as manufactur ing. processing, use, repackaging, releas ing. handling or storing, v.lueh could re siilt In exposure to employees to any of the carcinogens. opiucrit or backup detection methods cap able of producing a a-arnln; or signal at In tervals no greater than ten minutes, witu sensitivity of at least ICO parts per billion. Methods of e--v.-'.v_:cnt detection shill be developed for water and other wastes. These achievements shall be viewed as milestones on tho pathway to c.-liiwc the objccthe of (jii) The purpose tor and application 1 ot a medical surveillance program, tlv) The purpose for and application ot an air monitoring program, and basic understanding of tho significance of the various moiutoriuc values. tv) The purpose for and apjilication of no exposure raUicr than as hlttniato target.-.. decontamination practices and proce (k) Medical.--(1) Surveillance.-- it) dures. The employer, at his cost shall provide (vl) The purpose for and significance and make available to all employees by a of emergency practices and procedures company designated physician, or by Including bimonthly ..emergency drill another duly-qualified physician of their procedures. choice, a comprehensive hi uory and phy sical examination consisting of diagnos tic tests a:ul penodmitv specific to 1 tie carcinogen mid In no less tiel.nl than truhlclifcs ret forth' Ly the Secretary of (vil) The employee's specific role In emergency jiroceriurcs.- tvm) Specific information to aid tlio employee in the leeojmtiou and cialua*. the Depai luient 01 I.i.bor after ran'.ult.i- tlou of conditions and .situations which tlon v.-Hh the Secretary ot Health, Edu may result m Hie release Of a carcinogen cation. and Welfare. Into a rcn'lalcd area, non-rcguiaicd > Jlccotds.--<|> The physician (it) ged tii'h the iinpicmcmntioii of the leal pro tram siiull maintain Hie a;>- propii.ite meii:.:i| recoiil;. If the mjiii- ' " 1 I I- I*. >:i a area, or the external enviioiinient. (lx) The purpose lor and applications of rpcctfic first aid prorcduics and prac tices. lx) A presentation o[ the Stnndcrd or. . . . ... ... . ,1 , ... 1. ... - first Indoctrination program and annu ally UitrcaUcr. (>:!) A-'.ruir.ncc by the employer that Hie employee has a firm undei.'landing or the puipx.-.e and applications of the basic ink'rm.vtion required .above. (xli) Epeci.'io trauiing maieilal for workers and supervisors shall Le made available ll 1 tough the Ofucc of tiH;'As sistant Sccittary of Labor for Occupa tional Safety ruid Health or the Director of L'10 national lnMitute for Occupa tional safety and Health. (xlll) 'The employer shall maintain u record of the w'.imnhtcied indoctrina tion program. in) Hrpcrfinp.--Every employer sub ject to tiiia section shall report hi writ ing to the Occupational Safe:-/ and Health AtuulntsliHtion. O.Ta e o! Stand ards. Die following information: (1) The address of each of his regu lated areas; (2) The name and other identifying information r.s to the particular car cinogens present In each of Lis regu lated areas; (3) .The approxbnate number of em ployees entering each of his regulated. areas during a representative week of normal operations in Uie regulated .areas: and (4) The manner In which the car cinogens are pr-sent In each of Ids regulated areas, c.g., whether a car cinogen Is manufactured, processed, used, repackaged, released, or otherwise handled. (o) Permit for the Use ot Carcin- oyiyis.--A ue permit system shall be initiated as nn integral part of the permanent standard 10 piovld" for ef fective regulation of conditions and practices concerning carcinogens to enhance Die implementation of the standard. JFRIXie.lS-lSese Filed 0-5-73:8:45 Am] ,DCPA/lnil 9/10/73 604C 0095k A 71