Document 916BkZgK86Mr624qmZN1Ea79p

Thorough study of conditions Pointed up in graphic style Heot-cycle studios were based < i actual-operating loijlv 1949. on the theory that If a change were warranter iwS&iil Jhfl leconit major rarloblt In powar coat, waa not, present leads it would be imperative for future needs, tv aflecred by Ihe now power cycle. Bui trie consumption .ran O^milUon kwhr, with a peok dqj .''-liS '^vlMirie engineer. knew Ihet equipment Improve- of 23,000 kw. Together with other forms of manufeajS labor aavlnji poaslble. They loll they owed energy, this gave an average hourly demand of Rtu. Filstlng plant cycle Is shown in upper parrtt Ooif |^liut* below, simplified to combine 26th Street and ma.in.. pi]g^ With this hookup, it took about 393-million Rtu fue] |g per hr to meet demand--a oyclo efficiency of about Over-all steam-generating efficiency averaged 67%, ta ^ ell tbe beeelila new dealgna could deliver. ' ller-room picture eapeclolly ehowed Immediate opT-? Moffiei lor bringing tabor costa down neorer those ob- 'i,Tflwith modern layouts. Maintenance coata were up to ftjko, 1000 lb steam--ogninet tbe uaual 10.02 in up-lo. ^'rjlmllanla Attendance personnel alio ran high compared million Rtu per hr were available for manufacturing 0^iNearly two-thirds of this went directly to manufacture U'(t form of process and space heating, direct otcam uses. Tt^'i malnlng third, 160-million Btu per hr, supplied 32-niflijj Btu per hr equivalent of electric energy. Almost alt the'* mainder of 128-million Btu per hr was lost to the condn cooling water. - '""ikwnirelent nolle employing nutomolk control. Chert '^SWahowa personnel letup before end oiler modernlaotion. nffSti'dies ol firing melboda singled out pulverised cool as /'Seciotae |,r economical results with automatic control, y'irnjli'i more, it promised eaay cbnveralon to gal or liquid __ uklwh gllAuft tiipilipp MAnamici as ^v'tuel'prlces change. This selection, plus shutting down 26th <$'e'l^oiqhi, meant lower labor costs--chart, story below: Complete cost and output comparisons must form part ol any presentation to management. So the key years of 1926 end 1949, basis for comparisons in other portf of the in vestigation, were used for charting key. factors. For compari son, estimated totals for 1954 were added. This is the first yt&t all new equipment will be running, ell old gone. Improved cycle efficiency promises s reduction in steam input of 19%. This, together with higher steam-generating efficiency, brings fuel consumption down by 39%. Allowing one cent per million Btu saving in coal purchase price be cause of wider selection possible with new equipment, thia means total coal-bill savings of $432,000 annually. -With maintenance and operating costs reduced by tome $195,000. annual saving in variable operating cost amounts to $627,000. From ihk must be deducted fixed oharges on the $5,017,000 of new capital investment So net annual operating savings become $432,000. Unit cost per million Bta of manufacturing energy shows a 41% reduction. V. f Saji Showed how modernization pays Revised heat cycle (lower part of akelch) reduces oas.tn the elements most affecting power cost--fuel, (lore, the a*JJJ, manufacturing energy needs of 133-mllHon Btu per hr supplied by 238-mi)!ion Btu per hr of fuel. Cycle effieieo# of 56% nearly doubles the original 34%. Bar charts between old and new cycle diagrams show lie*; generating losses cut by about 65% and looses charged^ electrical generation just about halved. A tie-in with the local utility would look good economical) if it were possible to feed back excess energy when awilabft This (he local utility would not consider. ^teipmew selection and Installation promised to llme ,nd maintenance cost. Further, the problem personnel to handle dirty .and dull jobs connected y ;!77jj,Jd-style fuel and ash handling largely disappeared. New TVtf.1!?**1 P<rmiUed better operating routine with fewer MVr kP lllMCIe<* personnel of higher caliber. `VV*, .*. ** bottom of chart above shows over-all reduction possible with the new layout and how it affects 4>*elii "* 4n^ mfl'ni*nsnce forces, classified respectively as direct. Maintenance shows a somewhat greater ::#??? 161,1 Auction of about 38%. Basis for original study was a production level equivalent to 23,000-kw maiimum demand and 45% load factor. At last report, demand was 26,000 kw with 48% load factor. This higher demand increases annual savings possible with the new equipment. Actual experience at higher demand levels' indicates that annual savings after fixed charges come to $510,000, against the estimated $432,000. Over and above thfa are some stable savings resulting from speeding new-plant construction. Cutting schedule from 5 to 2% yr brings Immediate eaving In contractors' overhead plus $904,000 return from realising operating savings earlier. ENOINEERINO ANP MANAGEMENT SECTION 19-33 "ZitidL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT SECTION