Document 8VpK6KpX5gjOGk7XN5aEaXjLa

To Return to Agenda No. Author's Name Product Classified Assignment C 10 F.Wockner V 34 Vtr 15 PRE-CATALYZED FURNITURE FINISHES The Sherwin-Williams Co. PV&L 2nd Annual Symposium November 1956 Cleveland,Ohio r ec eiv ed NOV 7 1956 t h e ^uoVJN-WlU/Ar-j U\3 WRU Abstract This is a summary of the development of V 94 VO 15, Water White Precatalyzed Furniture Finish. The formula la baaed on Urea Formaldehyde Resin, modified with oxidizing and non drying alkyds. The most outstanding properties of thla varnish are Ita light colour, lta realstanoe to many household actda and alkali, end Its fast cure. Confidential for S-W Technical Personnel Only. 0007-SWP-043967 N23319 -1- Introduction The purpose of this program was the development of a Furniture VSrntsh which could truly be celled a Water White Vbrntah. This meant that the varnish must have a colour of 1 on the Gardner Holdt scale. Furthermore It was felt that in order to really be an outstanding furniture finish the following properties would be requiredt High gloss and good build, high degree of cold check, chemical and mar resistance, good rubbing and polishing qualities and fast drying or curing properties. After reviewing the available raw materials which could be used to develop aucta a finish. It waa decided that only a formula baaed on Urea Formaldehyde Resin would meet b 11 these requirements. This actually meant a compromise as there are other raw materials which would yield films with better mar and chemical resistance, but only UP Resina would enable ua to formulate to e colour of 1, and It waa felt that a light colour would be a better selling point than for example outstanding chemical resistance. Details 1) Evaluation of Urea Formaldehyde Resina The first atep was to find the beat suitable UP Resin. For this reason, six UP Reams were evaluated for speed of cure, hardness, viscosity, water resistance, stability and formaldehyde release on curing. The resins were reduced to 4l% aoltda with Xylol (323)/ aod catalyzed with 10j< - expressed on solids - of (24 G 6), American Cyanamld Catalyst 296-9. This catalyBt was found to give the optimum can stability, as compared to for example lnorganlo acids such as Hydrochloric, Sulfuric or Phosphoric Acids. The results are recorded below on Chart No. I. Name Code Visc osity Pord _ii_ Hard- Hard Drag ness ness Free o'nlte 1 hr. Time* AD ** 140P Water Resistance of Baked Film Immersed for 12 Hra. Ufor. F240N Beck. P354 Ufor. F240 Ufor. FH10 (48 0 4) (43 0 9) (43 .0 _5_)_. 21" 27" 43" 59" 10' -6 6 Turned milky.came off glass V 6-? 9-12 T6 ? 8* -6 6 H H ft II HI II W It It HI n HII VI il Ufor. P158 Plaatopal BT 46" 9' 6 9 3L. 12* -1-.6 .. 9 -- CHART NO. I II n it 1 It It tt it I 11 * Dragfrees Flngar passed across film leaves no mark. ** Relative measure of hardness as determined by the lacquer Scratch Tester. 0007-SWP-043968 0007-SWP-000127318 -2- Hetcbhold`s Beckamine F354, (48 0 9) was found to yield the hardest film. Rohm d Haas Uformlte F240, (48 0 4) gave the least odor on curing. These two resin formulations were then baked for three hours to ensure complete cure, and the hardness of the film was recorded after each hour of bake. Por results see Chart No. II. CHART NO, II 5. 1i_ --Z, i1 ... rrr~i 1 ** : .1 1i/1/ r :-_-(l_ 1 rrIii Hr. g 1-40?P t 1 --'* f ) ' / / !i- - ---- _ 148 2.JUH {48 0_9)_ 1 / 7*/" Y 1 / A tj i & -- - - - r t ... i . .. t 0 2 4 6 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 29 30 32 Units of Hardness Indications ware that a) A varnish formulated with Uformlte F240 (49 0 4), would have the least odour on curing, but some sacrifice would have to be made on the ultimate film hardness. b) Uformlte P210 would likely give a varnish with the desired viscosity and build but the film would he too soft. c) Relcbhold'a Beckamine P354 (48 0 9)t would have the desirable qualities of rapid cure and film bardneas. The advantages of this partlculsr resin would probably outnumber Its deficiencies, such as low viscosity. 2) Investigating the Influence of Various Solvents on Can Stability Since the solvents used in a precatalyzed UP Resin formulation determine the stability to a large extent, Beckamine P354 (49 0 9) was reduced with eight different solvents to 4l$t solids. These blends were tested for stability at a constant temperature of l40P. The results are recorded In Chart No. III. 0007-SWP-043969 0007-SWP-000127319 -3CHART HO. Ill 1. (4l6)Dlacetone Alc.3. (125)VMfiP Naph. 5. (323)Xylol 7.(4G2l)Ipa/Mlbo $0/40 2. (l45)Mln.Splr. 4.. (1 0 i4)Rubber 6. (317)Toluol S.(4<324)CCS 1000 Alcohol Solvent a) In general aliphatic hydrocarbons 6ucb aa (125), (1^5) and (1 0 14) give Increased viscosity but diminished pot life. b) The lower type alcohols such aa (4 0 24) and (4 0 21) give solutions of low viscosity but greatly Increased pot life. c) Aromatic hydrocarbons such aa (317) (323) give reaults which lie some where between the two extremes of aliphatic and alcoholic solvents. d) Ketones give solutions of low viscosity but the catalytic effect of the; ketonlc group C = O diminishes the pot life of the varnish to almost zero. 3) Attempts to Improve the Build Improved build could be obtained by Increasing the viscosity of tbe varnish. The only means - besides using thickening agents - would be to use solvents with a low solvency power. It was hoped - end realized - that a compromise could be made between the advents effecting the highest viscosities end the ones giving tbe best stability. The main film forming ingredtenta were reduced to 41# solids with the same 8 aolventa that were previously used tn tb# stability tests. The materials and the viscosities obtained are recorded in Chart No. IV. 0007-SWP-043970 0007-SWP-000127320 -4- W n Code (31.71 (323) (1 0 14) (1251 1145) (4024) 14021). (4l6). d.'-- Polyester (40 O 53) . 19 ,, 22 Incomp. Ihcarap. Incomp. 19 21 26 Uformlte F240N (48 0 4) Pelargonlc Alkyd (40 G 51) 20 41 21 31 33 59 20 67 Incomp. Incomp.Incomp. 20 23 37 25 ___21. CHART NO. IV 4) Evaluation of Short Oil Alkyda Against Medium Oil Alkyda Replacement of (39 G 74) 30% D.C.O. Alkyd with A1247 5058 D.C.O. Alkyd and purchased alkyda of similar oil lengths led to three discoveries. 1. A considerable Increase In gloss was noticed. 2. The longer oil alkyda Increased the rubbing and polishing qualities. 3. Against these Improvements stands a marked decrease In resistance properties. Some films could not be sanded with Mineral Spirits because of excesstve softening, whilst In other cases intercoat adhealon was adversely affected. Also noteworthy la the fact that with some of the shorter oil alkyds tncompatablllty was present, resulting In the formation^of milky films when observed against a dark background. In conclusion we may say that In no case were suitable properties realized with alkyds of an oil length of 50# or higher. It has been our experience that the oil length of the alkyd must be around 40#. 5) Effectiveness of Driers In order to determine the effectiveness of metallic driers on oxidizing alkyds in oatalyzed urea formaldehyde finishes, the following driers were evaluated in various percentages In formulations containing short and medium oil alkyds> (9 0 3) Lead Naphthenate (9 0 53) Cobalt Naphthenate (9 0 43) Manganese Naphthenate (3 Q 4l) Calcium Octoate (9 G 61) iron Naphthenate 6# 6# 5# 6# The samples were poured on glass against a comparable formulation without driers and tested for hardness after baking for 1 hour at l4oP, , after over night air drying and after 24 hours air drying. Films were also tested for speed of dry and resistance to softening under (145). In no instance could any improvement be noticed with those formulations containing driers. 0007-SWP-043971 0007-SWP-000127321 -5- f*- 6) Evaluation of 0 Resin B This resin was added to a catalyzed UP Resin solution and was found to Improve gloss, rubbing qualities and water resistance provided It was used In relatively large amounts (3QJC on UP solids). The price of 65^ per pound however makes It economically unfeasible to use at the present time. 7) Determination of Minimum Amount of Catalysts (24 a 6) Necessary to Obtain A Satisfactory Degree of Hardness* 1 2 3 4 5 6 We had previously determined that a direct correlation exists between speed of cure and hardness on the one hand and stability on the other. In creased amounts of catalysts will Increase the speed of cure while decreasing the stability. It Is also known that every UP Resin reacts differently to a given catalyst. Therefore an attempt was made to determine the minimum percen tage of catalyst (24 G 6) required to obtain a satisfactory cure. An experi mental formulation, consisting of (39 0 74) DCO Alkyd, (43 0 9) Beekamlne P354, (40 0 53) Polyester and (323) Xylol, was catslyzed with (24 G 6) Cyanamld Catalyst 296-9 In the following proportions* 3-5-9 and 10#, expressed on UP solids. Pour outa on glass were baked at 140P. for 1 hour and after a cooling period of 1 hour tested for hardness. 3ft produced a soft and tacky film; 5# caused a fair degree of hardness (3 units on the Lacquer Scratch Tester); 9# meaaured 6 unlta and 10# 9 units. (9 unlta are equivalent to approximately 75# on the Sward Hardnesa Hooker). These results confirm our previous experimental work that 10-12# catalyst la required to obtain a satisfactory degree of hardness. Conclusions 1. The urea resin giving best results was Beekamlne P354 (43 09). This resin was found to give the fastest cure end relatively good pot life. 2. Oxidizing slkyds must be kept at a minimum in order that maximum cure takes place during the short baking cycle. 3. Alkyds with oil lengths of 40# or more must be kept at s minimum, otherwise Incompatibility might result. A small amount however has been found very helpful In Increasing the gloss and rubbing qualities. 4. Of the various raslns tried, (43 0 53) Polyeater was found to produce the highest gloss. However this material has a tendency to embrittle on ageing. 5. At least 25# of the solvent portion must be aloohols and the formula should not contain any ketones or allphatle hydrocarbons. 6. 'ftie amount of catalyst should be 10-12# on UP resin solids. Summary The result of this Investigation Is V 84 VO 15, Water White Low ttke Furniture Ptnlsh. The formula Is as follows: ^ 0007--SWP-043972 0007-SWP-000127322 J las* 374 1/2 56 3/4 73 3/4 23 3/4 75 125 196 50 22 1/2 1000 - 6- Mima S2S* Beckamtne P354 (48 0 9) Dibutyl Phtbalats (1304) Felargonlo Alkyd (40 a 51) Glyptel 02480 (39 0 9) Polyeater (40 a 53) Laurie Alkyd (40 0 52) Xylol (323) Butyl Alcohol (4 0 21) n-Butyl Acid Phosphate{24 0 6) This varnish possesses the following propertiesf It has a high gloaa, can be rubbed and polished to any desired sheen, is msr resistant (unpolished), does not sorten under Acetone or moat other Lacquey solvents, withstands household acids and alkali, resists 40 cold check cyclea at k oils. Is VW, and has excellent colour retention. V 84 W 15 1* available both pre and poat catalysed. In gloaa and rubbed effeot. Tbs prsostglysed finish cures to a hard flits In 1 hour at l40F., or overnight at 90-100 P.j it alao can he rubbed and polished after overnight air dry. The poat oatalysed version tekea the 2 pal print test after 2 hours air drying and yet has pot life of 48 hours. The stability of V 8* VO 15 t* 3 months or better^ Despite all these outstanding characteristics, however, more work bee to be done to Improve it still furthsr, For example we would like to lncrense the vlecoelty from the present 22 seconds on the ford #4 Cup to spproxlmntsly 35 saoonds so as to obtain better build, and also to lnoreese tbs stability to 1 year. 1 *I Oct, 3, 1956 0007-SWP-043973 0007-SWP-0001273