Document 8VjnyOaVRmnVQywq27oZw7b7m

Industrial Hygiene Digest accidents and prevention I June, 1965 60 Applying Measurement Concepts to the Appraisal of Safety Performance. W.E. Tarrants. Am 3oc. Safety Eng. 10, 15.22 (May. 1965). " Attempts to control accident* and their comequences can, at ben, be described at trial-and-error chiefly because adequate measures of the effectiveness of this control do not exist. New measuring instruments such at the Critical Incident Technique and behavior sampling hold much promise at improved methods of measuring safety effectiveness. Because of the role of chance, the consequences of accidents need not be fatal, they need not be injun. our, they need not even be property damaging. But the potential for producing lost it always present. As long at there is such potential, the primary concern lies with environmental conditions that are not right, regardless of whether or not they evidence any statistical correlation with injury involvement within any fixed time period. Studying injury accidents, therefore, is lest profitable than studying work conditions and worker behavior in a broad sense, fortunately, most of these conditions, human and environmental, are modifiable or compensable. Correct or adjust these conditions and accident losses will inevitably be reduced. In the evaluation of safety program* at well as in research generally, injury frequency rates, injury severity rates and other presently used measures of loss-type accioer.'.s are not sufficiently sensitive, stable,, or representative to serve as criteria of safety effectiveness What is needed are measures of safety performance that do not depend upon injury involvement There is good reason to anticipate a steadily increasing empnasis on measurement m the field of safe ty engineering The lack of understanding and proficiency tne us* of these new techniques will serve as a major deterrent to the future progress of professional safety work. Anyone who is earnest in his desire to improve his ability to predict and control accident losses must also be earnest in improving his ability and expanding his knowledge in the field of measurement. Cond. from author's conclusion 610 Human Factors in 'Cause Undetermined" Accidents E C Lent*. Aerospace Med. 214-222 (March, 1965). U. S. Air Force aircraft accidents over a 4-vear period that remain categorized as cause undetermined indicate that the man-machine complex tends to fail during the stressful phases of flight. Loss of control and high speed impact are factors common to many of this series. Man's limitations and specifically his ability to maintain orientation -- i.. , dis orientation--are major problems in the operation of mgr. oerformance aircraft.Aircraft oeriorm u- : has advanced to the place where exploration of the ooerational perimeters of the craft it resev. n for the test oilot. Experienced combat pilots mav se novices with respect to the vagarie* of the aircraft he flies. Safety of flight is enhance: r. division of duties with a oualifiee co-pilot - Modified from Author s aos*. MISCELLANEOUS :.. Atlanta s River Water Supply Contaminated bv Kerosene P weir Taste and Odor Control J. 30, 1.7 (Oct. 1964). The reaction of the Atlanta Water Department to a oC.CCO.gal. kerosene spill into river water supply of the city is reported. During tr.e critical 3-weeit period, the river water contained about 140 mg. /liter of kerosene. Treatment ov tne Water Department included a::.. - of bleaching ciav and activated carbon at the rate of 3 3 mg . liter and 7 2 mg./liter, respect, to tne water at the river intake. Camphor gum actmtv in treatea water samples and the ocor neated samples were used to determine the aosence or oresence of kerosene. Onlv 50 bor.- complaints on water qualitv were received. Puoiic Health Eng. Ass'- :26. 01 132 263