Document 8Vj679b37kRQBjgepqbb6Bb5K

/*` . Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 J^ifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 24, 1939. NOTE TO MEMBERS: Enclosed is another bulletin in the series prepared by the Preventive Engineering Committee of Air Hygiene Foundation. The new bulletin deals with "Routine Sampling for Control o Atmospheric Impurities" and gives methods for determining some 40 substances more or loss commonly found in industrial atmospheres. Extra copies, in addition to the regular membership allotment, arc available at fifty cents each. i.*K H. B. Moiler Managing Diroctor 004353 ) CHR-319 I Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 23, 1939. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (a) News Items 84 .BOOK RETIE?/' -- DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST MUTILATION. John L. Alden. Published by Industrial Press, 148 Lafayette St., New York, N.Y. 220 pp, $3,00. This book, published recently, includes the articles in Heating and Ventilating and which have been abstracted in this Bulletin. No reprints of the ertides have been available to date. It is well known that the literature on exhaust ventilation has been scanty and the author attempts to dispel the mystery sur rounding the subject and to describe it in straightforward engineering toms. The book covers tho following subjects: flow of fluids; hood forms; air flow through hoods; pipe resistance; piping design; dust separators; lev/ pressure conveyors; centrifugal exhaust fans; structural details and system planning; and field measurements and their interpretation. One purpose of the book is to toll the plant engineer how to design or how to buy an exhaust system that will adequatoly and economically operate. 85 TEE KNUDSIN AY/AED. Iud. Med. 8, 44, (January 1939). The Knudscn Award, open to members of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons, is awarded annually for "tho most outstanding con tribution to industrial medicine". Members desiring to bo considered should notify tho committee by March 1, 1939. Tho award is made on the basis of tho best original contribution to medicine as it applies to industry. 86 FOR MORE LIBERAL COMPENSATION. Labor Standards, U. S. Dopt. Labor, 2, 6, (January 1939). Another attempt will be made in New York State to liberalize the restricted schedulo of compensation for silicosis and to terminate tho restrictions entire ly ct the end of a 5-yoer period. Tho 1936 law provided medical benefits for 90 days only end compensation for total disability not to exceed $500 in the first month after tho bill became effective, the amount increasing $50 a month until a maximum of $3000 was reached. Tho proposed amendment would remove the limitation on medical benofits, would step up the rato of monthly increases and would remove the ultimate maximum of $3000. A similar bill introduced last yoar passed both houses, but wa3 reconsidered and killed in the assembly, 87 LABOR LANS OF THE STATE OF Y.TSCONSIN AND ORDERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison. 222 pp. (1938). In uhis volume are published all the labor laws of tho State. Under "Safety and Sanitation" are listed rules for the control of dust, fumes, vapors and gases, spray coatings, mines and caisson work. Other divisions include in juries and compensation, employment of children, hours and wagos, labor rela tions and special lav/s for women in industry. 004359 ! References to Recent Literature - 2. 88 COMPENSABLE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CASES SETTLED IN WISCONSIN IN 1937. Industrial Comalssion of Wisconsin, Madison. Decenber 3, 1938. A total of 753 claims were settled in the State for 0272,503. Of this total, 707 were for temporary disability, 20 were permanent-partial and 26 were for total disability or death. Twenty-eight typos of disease are listed, the more prominent among them being: dermatitis, 236 cases; plant poisoning, 180; carbon monoxide, 48; lead poisoning, 12; silicosis, 22; heat prostration, 56; freezing, 26; synovitis and teno-synovitis, 55; and tuberculosis, 6. The most noticeable disease on the list is silicosis, which, although it comprised only 3 per cent .of the cases, accounted for 60 per cent of tho indemnity paid. Eightoen of the 22 silicosis cases were for total disability. Next in line aro heat prostration, about 10 per cent of tho total indemnity, rmfl tuberculosis, about 8 por cent. Tho silicosis cases occurred in tho following industries: iron mining, 6; stone cutting and polishing, 3; iron foundries, 9; steel foundries, 1; foundry and mach ine shop products, 2; and agate and cuamol ware, 1. 89 MASSACHUSETTS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE COVERAGE PROPOSALS, Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, j2, 6, (January 1939). Labor Standards Is a monthly publication, . for sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., 10 cents per copy, 75 cenxs per year. - ....... Several plans have been presented to tho special Massachusetts legislative re cess commission studying problems of silicosis and other pulmonary disease cover ages under the workmen' 3 compensation act. One provides for a compulsory pool to toko care of silicosis and dust casos, with provision for assignment of risks rejected by three insurance companies at rates approved by tho commissioner of insurance; provision for apportionment of risks among compensation carriers; and a provision-permitting carriers to pool their excess losses from assigned risks. * Another plan mule set up a State fund, in the custody of the Stato treasurer, for extra hazardous employments. This fund would bo established and maintained by contributions from all insurance carriers, and from it carriers of assigned risks would be repaid tho losses in oxcess of 70 per cent of the premiums of such risks. Still another plan legalizes self-insurance under certain circumstances. A fourth plan separates occupational disease and accident claims, and limits oc cupational disoase claims to total disability. 90 NOMOGRAMS E0R THE COMPUTATION OF DATA OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL HXDUKE. J.M. Dalla Valle. Div. Ind. Hyg., U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. A useful set of nomograms covering (1) dilution of impinger samples, (2) compu tation of dust concentration, (3) conversion of mg. per liter to parts per million, (4) rate of particle fall by Stokos' lav/, (5) computation of relative humidity, (6) friction loss in round pipes, (7) computation of airflow from pitot readings, (3) velocity exterior of an opening under suction, (9) height, age, and weight relationship of adult men and women. 91 REDESIGN OF WORKING BOOTHS TO REDUCE DUST COUNTS. Cer. Ind., 32 , 60, (Jan. 1939), A redesigning of the working booths in the porcelain department of the General Electric Company has produced some surprisingly low dust counts in those booths whore unfired woro is trimmed on lathes. A stroam of air is made to pass down ward in front of the operator, not striking him directly, and then out through openings in two steggorod baffle plates in the roar of the booth. Dust counts in the operators exposure zone v/cro approximately tho sane as tho general plant taoiphoro- 004-360 ' References to Recent Literature - 3. 92 LABOR PROTECTION AS LECTURE MATERIAL FOR TECHNICAL SCHOOL DIRECTORS. St. Folkhard. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 201-3 (1938) (German) .. The author advocates the cstablishnent of courses in the technical schools for instruction in labor laws, applied physiology, labor psychology End labor pro tection. Short courses could be arranged for safety engineers. (E) Papors on Dust, Dust Diseases end General Industrial Hygiene. 93 PHYSEOLOCTFOR ENGINEERS. H. W. Haggard. Mech. Eng., 61, 8-12, (Jan. 1939). Robert Henry Thurston Lecture at Annual Meeting Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs. Dec. 1938. Physiology for engineers is a much more important subject than is apparent on first consideration. Numerous engineering achievements in the past have greatly changed human environment and the resultant offects on human physiology should be known and appreciated. Dr. Haggard does not attempt to give a course in physiology, but merely stresses the importance of this clement in the engineer's problems. The study of the human body i3 a .complicated subject. It is emphasizes - that the body acts as a whole unit and that a disturbance in the operations of ono part will affect to some extent tho whole unit. To illustrate, two examples of engineering progress aro cited: modern artifical lighting and air conditioning. It is possible that, becauso of the lack of proper light and tho attendant eyestrain, a fair proportion of men and women suffer physiological disturbances thai interfere v/ith their work, their digestion or their disposition. Likewise, other abnormal conditions may cause .similar disturbances in a normal operation of the unit.' 'An almost opposite picture is presented in air conditioning. The human _ body responds only to stimulation and in tho perfectly controlled atmospheres .of air conditioned rooms is the possibility that the temperature regulating mech anism of the body may become sluggish and stagnate, to precipitate other func tional disturbances. These numerous physiological factors should be given con sideration by engineers in problems of v/hich nan is a part. 94 DO GOOD TOKSING CONDITIONS PAT? Victor G. Hoiser. National Assoc. Manufacturers, Report of Committee on Healthful Y/orking Conditions. December 1938. . Obtainable from Division of Publications, National Association of Mr.nufacturcrs,'19 W. 44' . Street, New York City, at 5 cents a copy -- free to Association members. This, publication includes a preliminary report of the Committee together with the address of Dr. Heiscr, Chairman, at the Congress of American Industry. Dr. Hciscr points out 3one of the reasons why healthful working conditions are de sirable in a factory and how every manufacturer can compare conditions in his own factory with that in others of similar nature. Emphasis is being placed by the Committee on the smaller conpanios. More support should be given to exist ing industrial,medical and engineering rosearch laboratories for further in vestigation and assistance on the problems that exist. 95 TEE EFFECTS OF OCCUPATION AND OF ITS ACCOMPANYUTG ENVIRONMENT ON MORTALITY. P. Stocks. J. Roy Statistical Soc. 101. 669-96 (1938) (British). Some occupations have given tho statistical impression of being intrinsically unhealthy, whereas thoir unfavorable mortality might arise from their particu lar localization, whereby the workers and thoir families sharo the higher deathrates which predominate in that locality. This fact may bo a factor in certain industries only carried on in larger cities, and, though well distributed over tho country, high mortality may be duo, not entirely to the industry itself, but to the urban conditions. Cases aro cited in England, whore, if these facts are overlooked, certain erroneous conclusions night be drawn. Conclusions drawn from a arrrey of tho gonernl population show that higher death rates can be cor related with higher latitudes, housing facilities and ratio- of unskilled work ers. A ratio* of the standardized mortality of males to that of married women has been used to indicate whether a high mortality among employed men represents a true occupational risk or is one inherent in tho environment. 004361 References to Recent Literature - 4. 96 EIGHTEHITK ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BOARD TO JUNE 30, 1938. K.M. Stationery Office, London, 1938. Obtainable from the British Library of Information, 270 Madison Avc., New York, N.Y. Price Is. Part I of this Report contains a sumary of tho work in the past 20 years. Much of the earlier.studies were devoted to hours of labor, fatigue, efficiency and other general subjects. Part II deals with the v?ork of the past year dur ing which tine tho studies on illumination have been given ouch attention. The toxicity of industrial solvents has been investigated and it is intended later, if possible, to check tho toxic effects of all solvents before they are issued commercially. No extensive discussion is given of dust and pulmonary disease, as the comprehensive- surrey of silicosis in the South V.relos Coalfields is still uncompleted. ... 97 SIXTEENTH AHKUILREPORT OF THE SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH BOARD, 1937. - H.M. Stationery Offico, London, (1933) (British). A large part of the report is devoted to progress reports on the studies of coal dust and firedamp explosions, flameproofing of electrical mining machinery, mine lighting, explosives, safety lamps, and other miscellaneous safety factors. Considerable work is being done on thoso subjects. A group of reports classed . as health researches includes the study of mino temperatures, silicosis, and protection against dust. One set of experiments showed no ill effects of ex posure to an air velocity of 1,000 f.p.n. of dry air at a temperature above that of the body, a temperature which was found in one of the- nines. It was conclud ed, in studies of the excrotion of silica in urine, that this' type of test can not be used as n reliable nothod in the diagnosis of silicosis. Dust inhalation experiments are still being carried out in South Y/cles and it is hoped that guinea-pig lung pictures will be obtained corresponding to: (1) anthracite dust, alone; (2) anthracite dust, stono dust, and varying quantities of nitrous fumes; and (3) stone dust with nitrous fumes. Certain other tests havo shown that the employment of a plant embodying the "Hay" mist projoctor principle reduces dust \ by 90 per cent. 98 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. D. Stewart. Public Health, 51, 165-8, (March 1938) (British). The criticism is made that the public health official does not appear to be aware of the industrial community as an entity or to consider administrative problems in their bearing on industrial workers. The author makes a plea for full cooperation between these public health officials and those concerned now with industrial hygiene matters. The bulk of the present' day services in in dustrial hygiene is done by the more enlightened companies and by full coopera tion those services could be given wider application. 99 THE TREND 0? OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION. H. D, Sayer. Text of address at the National Safety Congress, Chicago, .October, 1938. Reprints obtainable from the Association of Casualty and Surety Executives, 60 John St. New York City Compensation for occupational disease and accidental injury i3 similar basical ly and logically, but their causes and effects are so dissimilar that they re quire almost entirely different treatment. Accidents occur at a specific moment,- in point of timo, but this is not true of most occupational diseases, and it makes difficult the fixing of liability. Another problem is in the terns of coverage as prescribed by lav/. Some states have "all inclusive" statutes which make the coverage indefinite and impossible -to keep within tho bounds original ly intended. No nev; legislation of this typo has boon enacted within the past three years. Tho trend has boon towards specific schedules of compensable dis eases, which limit the liability of the employer, reduce litigation, and make the administration much simpler. A brief description is given of the "graduat ed" method of compensation of silicosis cases which have accrued in the past, but which hava only recently boon made compensable. Liability starts at only a References to Recent Literature - 5 nominal amount (some are $500) end increases monthly to e maximum in two or three years. It is not ideal, but prevents the employer from having to pay, out of current income, for liability accrued during past years. '100 SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM. M. L. Dobbie-Bateman. Ind. Welfare, 20 , 403-8, (Octobor 1938) (British) The author is full-time physician to a large store having about 6000 employees. Attendances at the clinic are os voluntary as possible, but ora obligatory for (1) preliminary examination for appointment, (2) reporting accidents incurred at work, and (3) before return to duty after illness. In over 3000 preliminary examinations in 3 years, 80.5 per cent were classed as fit, 14.5 per cent as partially fit, and 5 per cent as unfit. From sickness records it appears that women take more time off than men and that those engaged in selling have higher sickness rates than others. Sickness is higher in winter months, particularly in latter part of the season. About 45 to 50 per cent of time lost was due to respiratory diseases. Digestive diseases accounted for about 10 per cent. 101 ALUMINUM AND SILICOSIS. R. C. Emmons and Carl Fries. American Mineralogist,23, 654-60, (October 1938). In the study of "protector" dusts, Denny, Robson and Irwin (Abstract No. 39, 1937, this Bulletin) contended that the action of alumina v/as to reduce the amount of silica in solution; that the toxic action of silica depended on the . amount in solution. The authors agree that alumina is a protector dust but dis agree on the explanation of its action. First they state that it is tho par ticulate (undissolved) silica which is held to be the cause of fibrosis and not tho dissolved silica which is easily transported by the blood and excreted. The action of the alumina is to hydrolyze to the insoluble hydroxide which floccu lates the smaller silica particles not yot in solution into masses large enough to be removed by phagocytosis. In beaker experiments where the pH of the water was kept below 5.0 to prevent tho niinHrm frem hydrolysing to tho hydroxide, there was no flocculation or reduction of the amount of particulate silica in suspension. In alkaline solutions, however, largo reductions of suspended silica were noted. Other substances such as carbon black, iron oxide (hematite) and the alkaline earth carbonates produce the same reactions that are well known in. clarification in water treatment. 102 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN THE PNEUMOCONIOSES (PARTICULARLY SILICOSIS) A$ TUBERCULOSIS. E. Gonzalez Ancira. Arch.des malad. profes., jL, 579-88, (NoFenber 1938) (French) .~ The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and the pneumoconioses is not diffi cult if* the follov/ing points ore given consideration; (1) exposure to dust and its composition, (2) complete laboratory examination, and (3/ correct use of tho x-ray. Under (l), the details cannot be too exact. Under (2), certain laboratory tests may bo carried out, which, if done correctly, will help dif ferentiate between the two. Characteristics of x-rays are described, which, if followod through in dotail, will further aid in tho diagnosis. By the use of the combined signs and symptoms covered under these threo main considerations a correct- diagnosis should not be difficult. 103 FIGHT AGAINST SILICOSIS IN THE METAL INDUSTRY. Anon. Oberflackentech., 15, 189-1, (1938). Silicosis develops in men sandblasting or grinding metals more rapidly than in minors. Means for preventing inhalation of the fine dust, edequate equipment and clinical aspects are briefly discussed. Grinding wheels of artificial stone, as carborundum, are more sanitary, as the dust uoos not contain any free silica which is the causo of silicosis. Wherever possible artificial stones should be usod. 004363 . Rt eferences to Recent Literature - 6. 104 SILICOSIS AMONG GRINDERS. J.L.A. Grout. Brit. Jour. Radiol, 11, 366-70, (Juno 1958). Tie `author gives cn interesting report of the work of Sheffield grinders in sharpening knives, forks and. needles and their working conditions during the 1 13th and 19 centuries. The grinding was all done with sandstone wheels, the grinding of knives being done wot and that of forks dry. Fork grinders scldon lived beyond the ago of 32, while the knife grinders-occasionally lived to 50 years. In 1833, out of 2500 grinders, not 35 had lived to be 50; of 80 fork grinders, exclusive of boys, not a single worker of 36 years was alive. Although some attempts wore node to alleviate these conditions, they remained much the sane for generations, until recently. In 1834 a dust control program, much the same as those in effect today, was proposed but was apparently never enforced. During more recent years the-replacenant of the sandstones by artificial ab rasives has almost eliminated silicosis from this industry. 105 jjsnsassssas of acid bisoluble ilatter in tee sputa of silicotics. e. civin, - I. A. Schreier, B. Martello and J.D. Earay. ' I, Ini. Hyg 4c. Toxicol., 21, 1-4, (January 1939). The determination of mineral residue in the sputum of silieotics is a compara tively recent study, end no thorough investigation of the subject has as yet been made. Burke (see Abstract No. 873, Dec. 1938) made a microscopic study of tho sputum of silieotics and ncn-silicotics, but the technic available made it difficult to distinguish particles accurately. In the present study the authors determined the "weight`of the total acid-insoluble solids in IOC cc of sputum. Their method i3 completely described in tho paper. The average free silica con tent of the solid matter, determined with hydrofluoric acid after ignition, was 71 per cent. They found some solid matter, in the lungs of all examined, but noted that the sputum of provod silieotics showed distinctively higher values tear, that of ncn-silicotics. The sputum of 83 non-silicotics contained from 0.2 , to 2.5 mg. residue per 100 cc while 84 per cent of 32 silicotic cases contained over 2.5 mg. per 100 cc, end some values were as high as 20 mg. Many silieotics gave high results even after years of absence from a dusty trade. It is .suggest ed that these determinations may prove to be of value in tho diagnosis of silicas: 106 YAEHUG ANATOMIC HEES7I02 OF THE RIGHT HEART IN 5E7ZRE SILICOSIS. H. Letterer, Verhandl. d. deutsch Gesell. f. Sreislauf. 11th session, up. 400-5, (1938) (German! Of 13 cases of severe simple silicosis the author found that 11 had hypertrophy of the richt heart with a 6-10 mm. thick wall of the ccnus puimonali. s. Of 22 cases with severe silicosis complicated by tcboruulosis there were only S cases with this condition. It seems possible therefore that tuberculosis hinders the development of hypertrophy of the right heart and can perhaps even bring about c diminution of i*# 107 TEE DANGER o!? SILICOSIS AND PRACTICAL SAFETY- MEASURES. Derdack. Zbl.f .Gewerbehr-'g25, 157-70 (1238) (Gorman). The author discusses the dust produced in the .manufacture of fireproof bricks end deals briefly with means for preventing its dissemination. 108 THE HETSBENTAL REPP.0EUCTT0N OF THE SO-CALLED SILICOTIC NODULE. A. Poll card. Bull. Eistol. appl. physiol, path. tech, microscop. 15, C7-76 (1958) (French). Histologic end histo-chemical studies were made of pathologic tissue frem the lungs of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits which had inhaled quartz or chalcedony dust for 6-25 months. The fibrous changes produced in the lungs of these am rx-o <; differed markedly from tho flfcro-hyalin nodules found in human silicosis pat ients. Conclusion: the origin of human silicotic nodules cannot as yes be de finitely-ascribed to silica itself.' ' Note: See abstracts Nos. 15 and 16 in January, 1939, Bulletin. (HIAIRA References to Recent Literature - 7 109 A23EST0SIS. J. V. Sparks. Brit. J. Radiol. 11, 371-7, (June 1933) (British) The paper describes the clinical and radiological signs of asbestosis. The chief complications are (1) purulent bronchitis, (2) broncho-pneumonia, (3) pulmonary tuberculosis, and (4) carcinoma. 110 TH2 ADS02PTI0.N EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DUSTS ON DILUTED "OLDT1TUnIHC.ULIN. S.L. Cummins .and E.M. Y/illians. J. Hyg., 38 , 628-46 (19C8). The adsorption power of various types of finely-divided dusts for the active part of tuberculin was studied by shaking 1 gran samples of such dusts with 10 nl. of a 0.1 per cent solution of tuberculin for 5 ninutos, incubating at 37 for 30 ninutes and koeping then overnight at room temperature. The door liquid was removed, centrifuged, sterilised and testod. It was found that the adserptio:power increased in -che inversed ratio' of particle sizo, that anthracite and fusion dust of comparable particle size havo the same adsorption power, and that sandstone tron caaferent locations and shale .dust, sericite, chalcedony quarts -dust also adsorb the active principle of tuberculin to different extents, j-t is suggested that tko relatively low morbidity, toxicity and mortality from tuberculosis noted in cool minors exposed to siliceous dust aro due to the ad sorption of tuberculous toxin by finely-divided coal dust inhaled with the dust from hard stone. 111 TUB PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF PLEURAL SURFACES TO IIMFLANTED DUSTS. U.P.. Bradley and M.Vsf. First.' J. Lab. and Clin. Jded., 24, 44-52, (1933). Forty rabbits were subjected to intra-plcural implantation of dust and, with 10 additional rabbits as controls, wore autopsied after 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days. Typically inert, absorptive and proliferative reactions were produced by the pleura in response to various dusts. These responses v;ore essentially the seme as those produced in serous cavities elsewhere in the body by other workers. Th3 injection of dusts into the pleural cavities, especially beenuso of its proxi mity to lung tissue, was found to be suitable in both results and economy. 112 RADIOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. J.F. Brailsford Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 393-400 (1933) (British)- The author summarizes Rohcln's study of fluorine intoxication contracted by those handling cryolite. Eighty-four per cent of the workers examined had bone changes -- a diffuse osteosclerosis, which was on the whole proportional to the period of employment. Half of tho workers showed radiograpliic evidences of pul monary fibrosis similar to that scon in silicosis but more innocent in nature, but it was undecided as to whether tho fluorine or tho associated quartz had caused the fibrosis. Against this, nn examination of 49 workers in Scotland ex posed to alumina and cryolite dusts failed to establish the existence of osteo sclerosis or of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of long exposure. Other examples of tho radiograph as a diagnostic tool are cited. - 113 TESTS OF RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY AND THEIR CORRELATION KITH RADIOLOCICAL APPEARANCES IN THE LONGS. E.K. Killick. Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 401-4, (June 1928 (British) Tho tosts of respiratory efficiency used were: (l) vital capacity of the lungs; (2) ventilation equivalent for oxygen (vol. of air breathed per 100 cc, oxygen absorbed); (3) volume of dead space; and (4) exercise toloranco tosts. Seven non whose pulmonary lesions had been diagnosed as silicosis or asbostosis, all show ed vell-definod functional Impairment on the basis of one or more of the above tests. Eleven arc welders viere examined and five of tho number, having signs of early pneumoconiosis, gave, on the whole, poorer performances than the other 'six. It is concluded that tests of respiratory efficiency should help to distinguish between onrly fibrosis ana the deposition of dust in the lungs without marked fibrous tissue reaction. An m *,/-- Roforenccs to Recent Literature - 8. 114 PNEUMONIA IN INDUSTRY. Goorge F. Obrien. Ind. Med., , 39-42, (January 1939). Industry has made great strides in reducing mortality from injuries, but much time is lost and many deaths still occur from respiratory diseases. Industry furnishes many of the predisposing factors in pneumonia and should interest it self in the problem and in spreading the modern concepts of pneumonia end its treatment. The symptoms of pneumonia arise from infection and anoxia; serum therapy is directed against the infection, and oxygen therapy against the anoxia, and control of the two factors will control pneumonia. 115 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF TEE LUNGS IN AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. R'. Fawcitt. Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 378-92, (June 1938) (British). Agricultural workers are liable to infection by organic matter, micro-fungi, bacteria and parasites from vegetable natter and animal excreta. Various types of mycotic infection of -the lungs are described, and the radiological appccrancos illustrated. The author is of the opinion that the coisaon micro-fungi, though usually innocuous, may become pathogenic under certain conditions and that the incidence of harmful infection is more common and widespread than is general ly realized. Certain types of bacterial and parasitic pulmonary disease are also described. 116 SYPHILIS CONTROL IN INDUSTRY. R.R. Sayers. Supp. No. 140, Public Health Reports (1938). More than 1 million years of. life expectancy aro lost every year by syphilitic deaths in this country, and in institutional care the disease costs us between 40 and 50 million dollars annually. As a purely economic problem, industry should be interested in wiping out tho disease, but comparatively few companies have done much on the problem. Tho question .of whether or not industry should hire a syphilitic is discussed. Except as food handlers, barbers, etc., it is stated that they should bo kept at their jobs and given close medical supervision. A doctor of one large company advocates a certain amount of medical care by indus try and at least cooperation with State officials who can supply free anti syphilitic drugs and offer consultation on problems of control. 117 STATE LABOR LAY/S FOR WOKEN. PART 1, SUMMARY. Part 2, ANALYSIS OF HOUR LAY/S FOR TOKEN TOHKERS. F.P. Smith. U.S. Dept. Labor, Women's Bureau. Bull. No. 156, Parts 1 and 2, (1938). Those bulletins summarize tho State laws regarding work hours, meal time, rest poriods, night work, seating, and other items. -All but 4 States have some sort of lav; regulating the hours women may work, 16 States having a maximum of 8 hours a day. It is significant that 17 States prohibit Y;omcn working in mines, and other States prohibit them in coke ovens and quarrios. Only 17 have laws governing home v/ork, 'and only 22 have nin^Tmirt wage lav/3. Part 2 of the bulle tin is devoted entirely to presenting in tabular form the points covered by .. various State laws for women as of March 31, 1938. 118 FORWARDING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN COAL MINING BY USE OF WATERING METHODS. D. Harrington & J.J. Forbes. U.S. Bur. Mines Inf. Circ. No 7041,11 pp. (Dec.1938). It is well known that coal dust, even in absence of gas, is explosive and can initiate or propagate an explosion in a mine. It is also believed by many per sons that all atmospheric dusts nay be harmful if breathed in largo quantities to: long periods of tine. For those reasons the authors stress tho importance of dust control in coal nines. This paper enumerates tho principal sources of dust and describes practical methods of employing water as one of the most effective of the known methods to alloy dust in coal nines. Most dust in mines originates at tho face and the amount of water necessary, if applied efficiently, is not excessive. In some mines the water is supplied by special tanks on mining 0043B6 References to Recent Literature - 9 machines, hut most mines now using water for dust control have installed con plote pipe line systems* Several typical installations ere described in the circular together with pictures which illustrate the methods now in use. 119 ECAHFL3 OF AN I2KTALLATI0K FOR THE CONTROL OF THE HYGIENIC SOPOSUHE ARISING FROM THE APPLICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. S. C. Eothnann. Ind. lied., 8, 8-12, (January 1939). The author describes some of tho problems in connection with the dust end lead hazards in tho glazing department of a "dinnerwarc" pottery plant. The lead hazard is probably the most inportant, although in recent years tho increased use of "fritted" glazes has reduced the hazard because of tho formation of insolublo lead compounds by pre-fusing. Hand dipping of ware is not in itself dangerous; most dust is caused by stirring up of accumulated dried glaze on `floors, boards, tubs and clothing. An automatic spray glazing machine and the necessary exhaust booth in connection with it arc described. 120 ELECTRICAL DOST PRECIPITATION. J, V/uyckcns. Hem. univ. Bruxelles, 95 pp. (1937)(Eelgian). Details are given of a laboratory investigation relating to the electric pre cipitation of dust from a stream of. air. The apparatus consisted in: a device for making regular and uniform the distribution of the dust in the air stream, a small Cottrell typG of precipitator and an oil filter for removing dust from the effluent stream of air. Among the factors studied wore: effect of dust concentration on efficiency; effect of electromotive force employed within the range 7300-12000 volts; effect of tho volocity of the air stream and the rela tion between eloctronotive force and current in the discharge. A high degree of purification is more readily obtained by a reduction of velocity of the stream than by an increase of electromotive force. Tho scale effect controll ing the possibility of applying laboratory results to large-scale plants is discussed. . 121 FRICTION LOSS IN PIPING. E. A. Windham. Heating, Piping, and Aar Cond. 11, 6-8, (January 1939). The author has developed in the course of his work two charts of friction loss in pipes which ere reproduced. Host empirical formulae apply over only a limited range of temperatures and it is frequently necessary, particularly in air duct work, to compute friction losses when the temperature varies consider ably from the standard conditions. The author has made use of tho Fanning equa tion, and has simplified its application for general use. t. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. . ' * * * ._ # 122 HEALTH HAZARDS Ad THEIR CONTROL IN THE ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY. H.G. Dyktor and John Buxell. Bulletin, Dept. Public Welfare, Industrial Hygiene Div., City of St. Louis, Ho., 33 pp. (1938). In a study of the eloctroplating industry in St. Louis, the authors found no health hazard which necessitated drastic action. Host plants were provided with moans of controlling the hazards encouatorcd and present control methods could be perfected with only minor changes or by proper maintenance of present equip ment. In tho casos where deficiencies occurred, they wore due to lack of prop er information or to the use of erroneous information, and this Bulletin is published to fill that lack. It covers the hazards of dusts, acid mists and vapor3, trichlorethylene end carbon tetrachloride, chromium, lacquers, skin . . diseases and othor miscellaneous items of'personal hygiene, sanitation and gen eral safoty. No ono subject is covered completely, but the Bulletin is a valu able guide to those operating electroplating plants. 004367 Roforences to Recent Literature - 10 123 'A SURVEY OF INDUS1RIAL HTCIINZ CONDITIONS IN THE JEr.TLRY INDUSTRY OF' RHODE ISLAND. J, Wuraftic and C.V. Eickey. Div. of Indust. Hyc., State Dept, of Public Health, Providence (1938). * The jewelry industry in Rhode Island comprises 289 plants employing 10,315 workers, about one-half of whom arc women. iloro than half of tho plants em ploy loss than 10 workers. It was found that 8912 or 88 per cent of the number wero not exposed to any hazardous material or process in any manner and the percentage of those exposed to any degree at all was very small (0.28 per cent), A few (436 or 4.8 per cent) wore engaged in electroplating work and the sor- iousnoss of their oxposure is questioned pending furthor investigation. 124 SEVERAL TOUC VOLATILE BOUSTHIAL SOLVENTS. D. Glibert. Bruxelles-iled., 18, 1189 (July 19, 1938) (Belgian). .Because physicians are likely to encounter some of the grov/ing number of toxic industrial solvents, tho author'diecussos a'few of them in this paper and lists others v/hich arc cither not discussod at length or are otherwise generally well known. Attention is espocially called to tho chlorinated hydrocarbon group. He stresses particularly that the solvents as used oro rarely pure and thut this fact should be taken into consideration along with other factors such as the origin of the solvent, its instability, and the particular conditions of its uso in the plants. 125 SOLVENTS AND THEIR DANGERS. Wenzel. Zontr.Geworbehyg.Unfall., 25, 217-24, (193S) (German). Industrial solvents are classified as to their general use, o.g., viscosity changers, plasticizors, azeotropic mixtures, extractants, degreasers, solvents for solids, impregnators, pharmaceuticals, and carriers for other materials. Many examples ere given. Tho flammability, physiological action, origin and in dustrial use of many solvents are discussod. Special attontion is given to spray booth design and exhaust, paints and lacquers, and solvents .used in the rubber and textile industries. The most important phase of worker protection is adequate education as to tho dangor and proper handling of the solvent in question. 126 EVALUATION OF THE ODOR NUISANCE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KRAFT PAPER. J.H. DallaVallo and H.C. Dudley. U.S. Pub. Health Reports, 54 , 35-45, (Jan. 13, 1939). Kraft paper is tho brovm paper used in retail stores for wrapping packages; heavier grades are usod in shipping carton and containers. The authors outline tho method used in evaluating tho odor nuisance generated in tho manufacture of this type of paper by the sodium, sulfide - sodium hydroxide process. Tho odors of hydrogen sulfide, orgnnic sulfur compounds, carbon gnsos and a chemical smoke containing largo quantities of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfide are given off during nearly all processes and pass out through the stacks to be classed as a-nuisance in the neighborhood. The human nose ia remarkably sensitive to minute traces of theso substances in the atmosphere, oven in those concentra tions that are well below tho toxic limit. It is concluded that in the neigh borhood of the piant3 the concentrations of toxic gases are of no consequence. The major contributing factor in the obnoxious conditions is duo to the large amounts of solid chemical materials, mostly sodium sulfate, which are blown out through the stacks and soon settle to the ground. The possibility of electrical precipitation for prevention and economical recovery is strossed. 00-4368 References to Recent Literature - 11 127 TEE DANGERS OF ARC WELDING. II. Pozzi. Arch, das naiad. profe3., 1, 3S9-414, (November 1933) (French). ~" The author reviev/s the naterials entering into the arc as veil as the metals usually velded. Ho considers the dancers as duo to (l) bums, (2) glare, and its effects on tho eyo and (3) fumes. The injur;'' in tho case of glare nay be due to both ultraviolet or infrared rays. The effect of the fumes, if tho ex posure is severe, is to produce an acute broncho-pneumonia of which the prog nosis is unfavorable. If the exposure is moderate but prolonged, symptoms of pnouooconiosis develop: a feeling of constriction of the chest, dyspnea, and persistent cough. Occasionally metnl fume fever occurs but more often a gen eral nolaiso combined with severe headaches and insomnia. No mention is cade of possible nitrous fumes in the gases from the arc. Measures of protection are: welder's goggles, partitioning off of the welding spaces to protect other workers from tho glare, removal' of fumes by local exhausts, and good general ventilation. 123 3TAIIDARDIZATION OF GAS MASKS AND RESPIRATORY APPARATUS.' K. Quaschart. U.D.I. Ztschr., 82, 147-3, (1938) (German). To enable interchange of parts and apparatus of respiratory equipment, regard less of make, manufacturers and officials have cooperated in establishing codes of standardization of such equipment. Ten codes arc planned. It is also pro posed to define uniform names for all apparatus and part3. 129 THE ABSORPTION OF IRRITANT GASES Hi THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. I.D. Gadaskina J. Physiol. (U.S.3.R.) 23, 702-90, (1937) (Russian). Tho inhalation of irritant gases by rabbits and tho analysis of the exhaled gases showed that nearly all was absorbed in the upi-mr respiratory passages. A non-irritating gas, like nitrogen dioxide, is absorbed largely in the lower respiratory tract, none in the upper. 130 THE REACTION OF THE CLOTHED HUMAN BODY TO VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY. C.-E.A. Winslow, L.P. Herrington and A.P- Gagge. An. J. Phvsiol., 124, 692-703, (December 1938). Bolow 25C (77F), the zone of body cooling, relative humidity has no appreci able influence on physiological reactions. Above this temperature the rela tive humidity begins to take offect and with higher temperatures and high humidities the nude body adjusts itself much better than the clothed body. With higher tempcraturo3 and low humidity tho clothed subject can tolerato a slight ly higher operative temperature. Dtcring summer months tho mechanism of sweat secretion is in better working order and consequently the response to higher temperatures is better during those months. 131 THE VENTILATION OF FLUELESS ROOMS. NOTE FROM THE BUILDING RESEARCH STATION. J. Instn. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. (London) 6 , 428-34, (October 1933) (British). Observations were made in on experimental house to determine the ventilation provided by an open ventilator in a room not provided with a flue or chimney. It was found that in on average room over a wide range of temperature differ ences and wind velocities, tho.ventilator provided approximately the same ven tilation as did cm unheated flue of normal type. It was observed that in a hoated flueloss room, vlth an ordinary wall type ventilator, the air-change nay fall as low as 0.3 por hour or less. 004369 References to Recent Literature - 'i 132 2TR3T CHANGES OF THE UNITE ELOOD IK PERSONS EXPOSED TO LEAD. A.H. Muller. Klin. Kchnachr. 17, 1133-6, (1938) (German). Tlio author reports on results of periodic examinations (over a 1 year period) of street car and bus lr.cquorcrs. He notes that with great regularity ho found hiGh lymphocyte counts, without other signs of Iced absorption or lead injury. . It is considered that this lymphocytosis can justify an especially careful nodical supervision in the absence of other siens of load poisoning* 135 LEAD AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. G.W. Gunther. Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 64, 1146-7, (1938) (German). Description is givon of tho illness of a 45-year old linotype setter who died of a cardiac infarct' end coronary thronbosis. For many years he had had high blood pressure, and in recent years was employed only occasionally as a type sotter. Examination of tho organs showed 0.115 per cent lead in the livor and . spleen and 0.58 per cent in the bone. Since thore was no fanilial disposition to prenature high blood pressuro and in view of the long exposure to lead, a causal relationship botwoes industrial load injury and'high blood pressure was assumed. The recent lack of exposure was taken into consideration. 134 NEW SOURCES OP LEAD POISONED. Mornac. Ann. d'hyg. pp. 362-4, (1933) (French). The author describes the use of great quantities of lead arsenic in insecti cides used by farmers end the cocplote carelessness in the handling of it. He found- cases of lead poisoning by users of tho insecticide and recommends the substitution of aluminum. arsenates. 135 LEAD POISONING? L. Schwarts. Sam. v. Vergiftungsf. 9_, 41-6, (1938) (German), A 31-year old cable layer fell ill with ocular motor paralysis. Since the lead hazard to cable layers seemed slight, and no other signs of load poisoning could be proven with certainty, tho referee on the case rejected the possibil- . ity of lead poisoning, suggested observation in a hospital. At tho clinic, snail quantities of lead v/cre found in the blood, urino and foces/'but the quantities were within normal limits. , 135 A METHOD FOR THE qUAJTTTTmVE 3FECTR0-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF BIOLOGIC;!. MATERIALS FOP. SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND LEAD. O.S. Duffendack, E.3. Thonson, W.C. Leo, and O.G, Zoppius. J. Biol. Chen. 126, 1-7, (1938). ' A dotailed description is given for the method used. Lead was determined in urine end by tho method described, it is- possible with extreme caution to measure accurately 0.1 mg. load per liter. .137 DETECTION OF LEAD IN ETHYL LEAD AID OBSERVATIONS ON THE VOLATILITY O'f'TEIEAETHYL LEAD. H. Siobenock. Chem-Ztg., 62, 183-189, (1938) (German). This question was studied in connection with the detection of load in the wusto liquor fron ethylizing apparatus. The uso of dithizonc was shown to be not altogether trustworthy for lead detection, as load-free benzine gave color reactions. The use of a 1 per cent dinorcaptol-thiodiazol solution is re commended. Experiments showed that tetraethyl load is volatilo in normal tenp- " eratures when nixed v/ith hydrocarbons. 138 JUDGING HEART MUSCLE INJURIES AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H. Symanski. Aorztl. Sachverstnndig.-Ztg., 44, 183-204, (1933) (Gorman). The author discusses first, on the basis of tho literature, tho possibility and occurrence of cardiac nusclc injuries in acute and clironic carbon monoxide poisoning. He then presents oight detailed and instructive cases of heart trouble which had cuno beforo hin as a reforoe. The question to be decided was wkothcr tho disease was caused by carbon monoxide or hastened by it. In scrao, thi3 question was affirmed, in somo denied. rt A I *rrr A References to Recent Literature - lu 139 CARBON MONOXIDE AND EPILEPSY. H. Symonski. Sara. v. Vergiftungsf., 9, 23-40, (1938) (Goman). ~ A blacksmith in a gas works was exposed occasionally to carbon monoxide and at the age of 35 he fell ill with epileptiform attacks.. The expert (in a court caso) considered this as Genuine epilepsy, denying any relationship to carbon monoxide inhalation, since the signs were not prosont. 140 LATE EPILEPSY III THE COURSE OP CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. 0. Schiersmann. Ztsch. ges. Neurol, u. Psychiat., 163, 656-69, (October 1938) (German). True epileptic seizures occurred in a war veteran, 60 years old, 14 years after carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust gases of a benzol engine during the war. The seizures, which developed rapidly, were characterized by convulsions, torso- like and athetoid movements, loss of the reaction of pupils to light, and un consciousness. Minor seizures had occurred six months after exposuro and at infrequent intervals following. Mentally, the patient sho?/ed disturbed sleep, apathy, emotional flattening, lack of initiative, weakness of memory, hysteri cal trends and generally demented behavior. 141 TESTIS AND HYPOPHYSIS IN GASSED MALE RATS. C.A. Patterson, E. Smith, and A.D. Pickett. ?roc. Soc. Erp. Biol. Med., 33 , 455-60 (1938) (British). Male rats were exposed for 1 hour daily for 50 or more days to an atmosphere containing 0.34 per cent carbon monoxide. The testis and epididynus weight was rocucod by 50 per cent and their spermatozoa were roduced in number and motil ity. The hypophysis became basophilic, with many vacuolated cells, but the gonadotropic hormone content was increased. 142 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. Howard A. Martin. ' Ohio State Med. J., 34, 1251-3 (1938). The author reviews tho literature on carbon monoxide poisoning. Symptoms of both acute and chronic poisonings arc described and the important ones especial ly noted. He reviews the various items in tho treatment of both types of poisonings and the paper should be of interest to all physicians. 143 THE' HSLOGEHATED HYDROCARBONS OF TEE FATTY SERIES AS SOLVENTS AND THEIR SIGNIFI CANCE TO THE MEDICAL PRACTICE. TT. Guoffroy and I?. Ehrhardt. Zentr. Gewcrbchyg. Unfall., 25, 224-30, (1938) (Gorman). These solvents a3 a class ore toxic, capable of producing acute poisonings and occasionally blood changes. While the lungs are tho chief portal of entry into the body, skin absorption is also possible. The specific properties of some of the compounds ore discussed in detail, and they should all bo regarded as active toxic agents. No specific nodical prophylaxis for chronic poisonings of this class is known. 144 CAEBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING. T.M. Perry. Arch. Path. 26, 923-41 (Nov. 1938). A description is given of hepatic (liver) damage and rel'-'A:? in man based on three casc3 of accidental poisoning studied clinically and at autopsy. Three negroes had ingested a roach poison, a mixture of carbon tetrachlorido end ethy lene dichloride, which they had mistaken for an intoxicant. Two of the men died too early (6*to 11 hours and 65-70 hours) for evidences of regeneration, but the third v/lio died in 150 hours showed definite tondoncios along these lines. There is a complete account of the clinical findings and a good review of the literature. OOA371 References to Recent Literature - i.'j. 150 BENZENE AND BENZINE. L. Teloky. Med. du trav., 10, 125-137 (1953) (French) The author comments on the need for moro sharp differentiation betrocn theso two entirely different substances. Tho characteristic symptons of poisoning by each is described: in benzene poisoning sovere blood changes occur, while neuritis is especially prominent in benzine poisoning. French and Italian com pensation laws aro unsuited to cover theso poisonings adequately. 151 A STUDY", CLINICAL AND HAEMOTOLOGICAL, OF NINE CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL BENZOL ' POISONING. M. Lamy, P. Kiflsol, r>nd L. Pierquin. Bull, et Mam. Soc. lied. Eopit. Paris, pp. 1116-27, (June 27, 1938) (French). Full details arc given of nine cases of benzol poisoning among employees of a shoe factory where benzol was used us a rubber solvent. Four of the cases were fatal. In the sovere casos true medullary ,->plasia was present, and purpura was present in all. Tho most valuable treatment was blood transfusion together with injections of liYer extract, and the results were good except in the most severe cases. 152 TOXICOLOGICAL DETECTION OF THALLIUM. IL Kluge. Z, Unters. Lebemsn 76, 165-9, (1938) (German) The method is based on the solubility of thallium chloride in other and the insolubility of thallium iodide in water and alcohol. Larger amounts are de termined by weighing the iodide, smaller amounts by colorimetric determination of tho iodine liberated therefrom. 153 THE COMPOSITION 0 F HUMAN BONE IN CHRONIC FLUORINE POISONING. W.A. Wolff and . E.G. Kerr. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 493-7, (1958). . A man, 48 years old, had been exposed for 18 years -to finely ground phosphate rock dust containing 3.83 per cent fluorine. The present paper deals only with tho distribution of bone fluorino, as the x-ray, clinical and autopsy findings havo been reported earlier. Normal amounts of ash, calcium, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide wore found in tho bones, but the fluorine content of some bones was 20 times the normal values. Its distribution was uneven, the greatest amounts being found in the vertebra, the least in the long bones. 154 ACUTE METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING. F.R. Menne. Arch. Path., 26, 77-92, (1938). In 22 cases of fatal poisoning from pure methanol the pathological changes con sisted of marked edema, hyperemia, and necrosis of the stomach, intestine, liver, brain and retina. Clinically tho victims showed intenso nerve excita bility, evidenced by abdominal pain, muscle twitchings, rapid pulse and respira tion v.lth final' paralysis and death from respiratory failuro. Although these addicts had taken small quantities of methanol over a long period of time, there were no gross chronic pathological changes present- 155 THE SPECIAL HAZARDS IN THE Y/ORKING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. H. Ruhe. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 195-210, (1938) (German). Magnesium alloys are being used core and more because of thoir low specific gravity and their tonsilo strength. Undor certain conditions, howover, mag nesium has a groat tendency to .unite with oxygen, and in fine particles it can explode. V.'ot magnesium, dust tends toward spontaneous combustion. In the pre sence of heat, magnesium can reduce oxides, portly by explosive mechanisms. Water is disintegrated by fino nagnosium dust with the formation of hydrogen. To guard against these dangers, tho Reich'Minister of Labor has issued codes and safety directions. 004373 References to Rocoat Literature - '16* 156 THE AUTOMATIC ESTIMATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE Ilf INDUSTRIAL GASES. W. Francis, M,C.Morley and E.V/.F. Gillhnn. J. Soc. Chen. Ind., j>7, 419-24, (December 1938) (British). A description is given of a method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sulfur, os sulfur dioxide or trioxide, in washed flue gasos of a powor plant. The gas is scrubbed in a neutral solution of hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes the sulfur gases to sulfuric acid, decreasing the electrical resistance of the solution. The change is measured on a recording rilliamoter and indicates the * total amount of sulfur over a period or at any monant. The method, except for minor differences, is similar to that developed in this country by Thomas (Ind. & Eng.' Chen. 1_, 14-17, Jan. 1929). It is possible, by changes in rate of air .flow, voltage of current, volune of absorbing liquid and othor factors, to measure accurately almost any concentration of sulfur gases in the atmosphere. 157 DANGERS OF GRAIN SILOS. E. Tiege. Zb.f. Gewerbehyg., 25, 170-1, (1933) (German) Two men were killed climbing up a silo that contained 2 tons of corn. Examina tion of the air later showed 3 por cent carbon dioxide and 13.6 per cent oxygen, and at the time of accident tho carbon dioxide was probably still higher. Autopsies showed death was from suffocation. 158 TUMORS AID PRIANCERGU3 LESIONS OF TEE BLADDER DUE TO AMINES OR NITRODERIVAnVZS. (ANILINE DYE TUMORS.) G. di Maio. Arch. ital. d`i. urol., 14, 283-385 (1937) (Italian) This paper contains an analysis of the precancerous and neoplastic changes that 'may occur in tho bladder in aniline dye workers. Among 86 workers examined, 26 had changes that wero considered as precancerous, 7 had benign tumors, and 4 had malignant growths. The changes wore revealed by crystoscopic examination rather than by specific methods. Eviration of employment varied from 2 to 6 years for the procancer Group, 3 to 9 years for the papilloma group, and 6 to 15 years in tho cancer cases. The dyes occurring most frequently were benzi dine, betnnaphthol amine, and aniline. These substances are absorbed through the respiratory tract and the skin, and arc eliminated in tho urin unchanged or with a modified chemical structure. Treatment consists primarily of measures to impede the absorption of tho dyos. . 159 ARSINE POISONING: REPORT OF TV/0 CASES. K.D. Smith and T.E. Rardin. . Ohio State Med. J. 35, 157-9, February 1939. Arsine and arsine poisoning ore discussed and a description is given of the processes where the poisoning may be encountered. Arsenic is an impurity in many metals and arsine, hydrogen arsenide, the most poisonous of the inorganic arsenic compounds, is given off whenever these motals arc acted upon by acids. Tho stripping of galvanizing with hydrochloric acid is a common procedure and it was in this manner that the two cases reported by the authors occurred. Com plete descriptions are given of tho two cases. The authors stress the import ance of occupational histories, in addition to past illnesses and family history, as an aid in the diagnosis of vaguo or unknown cases. 160 A RESPIRATOR! PROTECTIVE REFLEX IN IRRITATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA DURING TEE INHALATION OF ACETONE. PNEUMOGRAPHIC CHANGES III EXPERIMENTAL ACETONE NARCOSIS. L. Pri3co. Folia med., 24, 669-77, (1938) (Italian) Because of the increasing industrial use of acetone, the author studied its action on rabbits. He found in them a nasal reflex which consists of n temp orary cessation of breathing and also a lung reflex in the form of u polypnea when acetone vapor is introduced intratracheally. 004374 References to Recent Literature - '17. 161 DIA20M2THANE POISONING, FIRST CLINIC/L CASE REPORT. F.'iv. Sundetmann, P..Connor and K. Fields, Am. J. Med. Sci.. 195. 469-73, (1938). A chealstry studon undertook to prepare trinethylbarbiturie acid by allowing diosoncthane to react with barbituric acid. He did not work under a hood and while stirring tko mixture, suddenly began to choko, become dyspncic and had a violent cough. A description is given of tho symptanm which persisted for three weeks, whon he was roloasod froa tho hospital. Tho gas appears to have a direct irritant action. 162 THE TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDE. A.O. Cottier end J.O. Baine. An. J. Hed. Sci., 195. 102-98 (1938). The authors give their analytical methods in detail and discuss the hydrogen cyanide content of normal organs end the distribution of it in body tissues after fatal poisonings, both experimental ahd huoan. The sensitivity of the analytical method is 0.005 mg. per 100 ga. tissue and by this test no hydrogen cyanide was found in normal tissues. The minimum lethal dose seems to bo about 1.4 mg. per kilogram of body weight. Treatment with methylene blue seems to prolong lifo for an hour or more; it should be supplemented with stomach lavage artificial respiration, stimulants, and a second injection if necessary. 163 LIFHIIA IN EffiERnffiOTAL CARBON DISULFIDE POISONING. E. Biancki. Mod. del lavoro, 29, 215-20, (1933) (Italian). Acute and chronic carbon disulfide poisonings ware produced in rabbits and tho content of blood in fats and phosphorus was studied. There was found in both typos of poisoning an increase of the phosphate and cholesterin ether. Free caolostorin decreased in acuto poisoning, increased in chronic. 164 PHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES OF EZLIULI. A. R. Behnkc and 0. D. Yarbrough. U.S. Naval Med. Bull., 36, 542-58 (1938). Tho solubility coefficients of helium in water and in olive oil compared with tho coefficients for nitrogen aro in tho ratio 2:5 for wator and 1:4.5 for oil. Tliorofore, tho helium content of tho body should bo about 45 per cent as high as the nitrogen content whon tho same tension of each gas is breathed. The time of elimination of helium from body tissues after absorption is about onohclf that of nitrogen. It is for thoso reasons that helium-oxygon mixtures aro being used in place of tho normal nitrogen-oxygen mixtures in doep soa diving. 004375