Document 8VO3aYOZjrmXEm9b0yj38p61Z

FILE NAME Brakes BRK DATE 1958 Feb DOC BRK189 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Journal Article - Asbestos VOLUME 19 NUMBER 1 February 1958 AMERICAN Industrial Hygiene CIA O C T II ATO IO N N Journal PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & BALTIMORE 2 MARYLAND WILKINS COMPANY we. EEE of Rad Supplement uclear Science and ndards Handbook Washington D. C. ODGE H Pharma- t logy of | Uranium Hill Book Co., 149 E TOLERANCE even though brief uld be avoided IAZARDOUS TO 4 le tained in siliceous ed diatomite diaal earth kieselgubr 3 content varies with aaterial Synthetic 3 size particles are 4 wing trade names tsil Hisil Ludox id Syloid 10 ) tices dustrial uses are flatteners polish- 3 : , and high tem EXPOSURES as silica dust may electrostatic pre impinger method hol and water as , and dust counts rd light field tech- thods for evaluatg from the sub- not been devised upon weight or icrography seem sor ve C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PROCEDURES To prevent exposure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust process ventilation and enclosure are the best means of control For some operations a dust respirator approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines may be satisfactory IV Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID None B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES 1 Preplacement Clinical and chest radiographic examinations should be made on all persons prior to job assignment 2 Periodic Since there is only lim- ited information about the harmful effects of amorphous silica in industry exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical examinations including chest ray Pulmonary function testing may be useful 3 Treatment No satisfactory treat- ment other than removal from ex- posure and therapy for any complicating infection 432 V. Literature References 1. COOPER W. C. et al Industrial Hygiene Foundation Transaction Bulletin No. 30 182-194 2. DRINKER P. AND HATCH T Industrial Dust MeGraw Co. Inc. New York 1954 3. FRASER D. AMA Arch of Ind Hyg and Occ Med 8 412 1953 4. LAMBIE J. S Ind Med 7 470 1938 5. PALICARD A. AND COLLET A AMA Arch of Ind Hyg and Occ Med 9 389 1954 6. SCHEPERS G. W. H. et al AMA Arch of Ind Health 16 125 1957 ibid 16 203 1957 ibid 18 280 1957 ibid 16 363 1957 ibid 16 499 1957 7. 7. SMART R. AND ANDERSON W. M Ind Med and Surg 21 509 1952 8. TEBBENS D. AND BEARD R. AMA Arch Ind Health 16 55 1957 9. U. S. Public Health Service California Department of Public Health Nevada State Health Department Oregon State Board of Health Progress Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis Hazards in the Diatomite Processing Industry 1955 Asbestos ; 1. Hygienic Standards A. RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM AT- MOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION 8 hours 5 million particles per cubic foot of air MPPCF . 1 Basis for Recommendation Experi- ence in *fi * industry and ani- Y mal experiments B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS 1 Health Long continued inhalation of asbestos dust results in a form of pneumoconiosis known as asbestosis The primary effect of inhalation is an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and sputum Based on roentgenological examinations asbestosis can be elassified as minimal moderate and advanced It is a serious disease in some instances but more frequently it remains nondisabling for many years even without appreciable symptoms as long as some other serious disease does not supervene to cause death Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variable cough dyspnea substernal chest pains decreased chest expansion weakness emaciation clubbed finger tips and curved fingernails Any appreciable decrease in the amount of asbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will cause a decrease in the incidence and severity of asbestosis Individual suceptibility varies There have been reports of an increased incidence of lung cancer in persons with asbestosis 2 Fire None C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE Not applicable II Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occurs in various combinations as white greyish or greenish masses either compact or of long silky fibers like and readily separated About 95 of commerical asbestos is chrysotile which is derived from serpentine and is a hydrous magnesium III silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystallization Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION The spinning and weaving of asbestos in combination with other textiles for fire proof and heat resistant cloth results in dust exposure It may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings gaskets boiler lagging and pipe covering protective clothing shielding materials and as automotive brake linings In the building industry it is used in the manufacture of asbestos cement products heat insulating and fire- proofing materials B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES As- bestos dust may be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water as the collecting Q medium and dust counts made by the standard light field technique The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration of 5 MPPCF is based upon the impinger sampling procedure C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO- CEDURES Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing ex- posure to concentrations of dust suffi- ciently high to produce the characteris- tic reaction Enclosure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control U. S. Bureau of Mines ap- proved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations IV Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID None B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES 1 Preplacement Clinical and radio- graphic ehest examinations prior to job assignment 2 Periodic Exposed personnel should FAP OMYD AY, have periodic clinical examination for signs and symptoms of asbes tosis These should include exami nation of the sputum for asbestosi bodies and chest rays of goo quality 3 Treatment No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure and therapy for any com plicating infection V. Literature References 1. American Conference of Governmenta Industrial Hygienists AMA Arch c Ind Health 16 261 1957 2. CARTIER PAUL AMA Arch of In Health 11 204 1955 3. DOLL R Brit J. Ind Med 12 { 1955 4. DREESEN W. et al Public Healt Bulletin No. 241 Supt of Doc Wast ington D. C. 1938 5. DRINKER P. AND HATCH T Industri Dust McGraw Book Co. Inc. New York 1954 6. FAIRHALL LAWRENCE T Industri Toxicology The Williams & Wilkin Co. Baltimore Md 1957 7. KING E. et al Thorox I p 18 1946 8. LYNCH K. M AMA Arch of In Health 11 185 1955 9. MCPHEETERS S. B J. Ind Hyg Tox 18 229 1936 10. PAGE R. AND BLOOMFIELD J. J Pub Health Repts 52 1713 1937 11. PATTY FRANK A Industrial Hygie and Toxicology Vol 1. Interscien Publishers Inc. New York 1948 12. SMITH K. W. AMA Arch of In Health 12 198 1955 13. Vorward A. J. et al AMA Arch In Hyg and Occup Med 3 1 1951 Because of space limitations it is impossible toto list all methods of exposure evaluation The selections have been made on the basis of current usage reliability and applicability to the usual industrial type of exposure Any specificspecific evaluation and control problem will involve professional judgment This can bestbest be done by professional industrial hygiene personnel Respiratory protective devices are commercially available Their use however should be confined to emergency or intermittent exposures and not relied of hazard control upon as primary means A relative scale is used for rating the severity of hazards nil low moderate high and extra hasardous clinical examinations symptoms of asbes ould include examiputum for asbestosis est rays of good " satisfactory treat- u removal from exrapy for any com- on ce of Governmental ts AMA Arch oj 31 1957 MA Arch of Ind 955 Ind Med 12 8 t al Public Health apt of Doc Wash- ATCH T Industrial 1 Book Co. Inc. ICE T Industrial illiams & Wilkins , 1957 Thorox I p 188 MA Arch of Ind 155 3 J. Ind Hyg & , LOOMFIELD J. .; 52 1713 1937 Industrial Hygiene ol 1. Interscience York 1948 1A Arch of Ind 56 : AMA Arch Ind fed 3 1 1951 re evaluation ' applicability utrol problem Industrial hy- vever should imary means ite high and HYGIENIC GUIDES COMMITTEE WILLIAM E. MCCORMICK Chairman HERVEY B. ELKINS Ph.D. DAVID W. FASSETT M.D. CLYDE M. BERRY Ph.D. H. W. SPEICHER WILLIAM B. HARRIS MELVIN W. FIRST SC.D. H. E. STOKINGER Ph.D. PAUL D. HALLEY EDWARD V. HENSON M.D. AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION 14125 Prevost Detroit 27 Michigan Please send the following number of copies of hygienic Guides at .25 each _Acetaldehyde Acetic Acid an Acetone Acrylonitrile Amyl Acetate Anhydrous Ammonia _ Aniline Arsine Asbestos Asbestos BenBz enzenee Bn enze ene BeryBlerylllium iBeruyllmium _Butyl Alcohol __ Cadmium _Carbon Disulfide aw Carbon Monoxide -Carbon Tetrachlo ride Chromic Acid 1,2 Dichloroethane Dimethylformamide _Ethyl _Ethyl Alcohol Nitrogen Dioxide EthylEthyl Benzene _ Ozone Ethylene Dibromide Pentachlorophenol and " Ethylene Glycol Mono- Sodium Pentachloro- methyl Ether phenate Fluoride Bearing Dusts and Fumes a _Phenol _Phenol Phosphoric Acid Fluorine aPyridine aw Formaldehyde Silica Amorphous Hydrogen Cyanide Silica Free Silica Sili- Hydrogen Fluoride con Dioxide __Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrazine Sulfur Dioxide woe Sulfuric Acid Toluene Lead and its Inorganic Toluene 2,4 Diisocya- Compounds nate Mercury Methyl Alcohol www Trichlorethylen TrichloroethTyriclhloreoetnhyleene -1,1,1 -Trichloroethane Methyl Bromide Uranium Natural Methyl Methyl Ethyl Ketone Vanadium Pentoxide Methylene Dichloride Xylene Nickel Carbonyl Zinc Oxide Please send _loose leaf binder for the Hygienic Guides at 1.25 each Name Address City Zone State Remittance must accompany orders for less than 2.00 Discount of 20 on orders of five or more Guides % discount on orders of 100 or more Guides