Document 8VK0kGK84ZBJ7jvLw7xkZKpOm
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rfTc. 67-1
"CONFIDENTIAL DO PONT TECHNICAL INFORMATION"
CG; J. W. NESTOR, WILM., F&F CC: C. W. STAHL, TOLEDO
F. H. BEADLES, WILM., F&F
F. S. BAKER, TUCKER
0. F. KALB:, WILM., F&F
G. I. MULHGLLAND, FLINT DEV.LAB*
E. T.BREUER, WILM., F&F
0. H. BULLITT, JR., MAR; LAB.
O. W. THEOBALD, WILM** F&F
R. W>. LAURRELL^ MAR. LAB.
R. B. DAVIS, WILM., F&F
R. E. PIKE, MARSHALL LAB.
P. J. GRAHAM, EXP. STA. WILM. C. N. SWINEHART, JR., MAR. LAB.
R. A. DE WALL, CHICAGO
J. W. BASTIAN, MAR. LAB.
P. 0. PEASLEY, EVERETT
W. H. EDWARDS, PHILA. PLANT
H. R. STINE, FLINT
R. H. 7INING, PHILA. PLANT
C. H. THOMPSON, FORT MADISON
R. L. BUCHANAN, E.S.D.LOUVTERS
R. J . XNAKE, PARLIN
J, I. RALPH, E.S.D. LOUVIERS
N. I. DRESS, PHILA. PLANT
W. B. CALLAHAN, PHILA. PLANT
F. E. WALTER, SO. SAN FRAN.
M. E. MRTM, PHILA. PLANT
. i. Y%; ' ? ; < i \ :
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Marshallu.aboi'atory May 15, 1967
E. I. Du PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY BKEr7*-"r**FABRICS AND FINISHES DEPARTMENT
_PAL.. PftQfflllll' mu
DISPERSION STABILIZATION CONCEPT 330-LINE COMPUTERIZED REFORMULATION PROGRAM
DIVISIONAL________
PREPARED BY: DATE ISSUED: PROJECT:
PREVIOUS REPORTS:
M. H. SCHAFFER
MAY 15, 1967 P-63, DISPERSION STABILIZATION
CONCEPT
D.S.C. #66-5
ABSTRACT:
330-Line Computerized Reformulation Program (33Q-CRP)
developed and successfully applied to commercialize 2,500 formulas.
Objectives of economy, speed and accuracy in *en masse" revisions, not feasible up to now with manual formula conversion, are achieved by this program. Program capability to accept the formula tab card
deck as input and produce the revised formula tab card deck as out put represents a major technological breakthrough. Use of the 330-v
CRP instead of manual revision yielded a $0.50 per formula savings on the 2,500 formula revision . This savings is expected to increase to $6.00 per formula on the next 330-Line ,fen masse" revision through further program refinement and dissipation of development costs. Built-in flexibility is allowing application of this program to many different reformulation and formulation objectives.
330-LINE COMPUTERIZED REFORMULATION' IpROGRAM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
I. ABSTRACT------------ -------------------------------------- ---------------
1
II. ; REASON FQR REPORT ----------------------
-------- --
in. o bj ec t iv es ------ -------------------------------------- :--*
2
2
IV. COORDINATION----------------------------------------------- ------------- -
2
V. CAPABILITIES --------------------------------------------_----------
3
VI. FUTURE ACTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
----------- --
3
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS----------------------------------------------------
4
VIII. DISCUSSION--------------------- ----- ------ ------------------------ --
4
A. Background ----------------------------- ------------- ------
4
B. Input -------- --------<-- ---------~--
--5
C. Output-------------->--.<------ -------5
D. Processing ---6
E. Performance -----------------g
F. Speed --------- --.--- --.---9
G. Application ----------- ----- ------ --9
H. Economics --------------------------
10
IX. EXHIBIT I - OPERATIONS FLOW DIAGRAM------------------- -
11
X. EXHIBIT II - COMPUTER PRINTOUTS - --------------- ----------
14
XI. EXHIBIT III - FORMULA - INPUT AND OUTPUT-------- --- 16
XII. EXHIBIT IV - OPERATION AND COST ANALYSIS ------- --
XIII. EXHIBIT V - OPERATIONS - COST - EQUIPMENT MANPOWER-------~-----
17 1$
DUP030001660
REASON FOE REPORT;
This report is being written to:
(X) Review program capabilities.
(2) Delineate recommendations for increasing ' program potential.
(3) Provide information on a program which may have application to the objectives of other groups in order to maximize benefits to F. & F.
(4.) Provide the basis for future planning by describing the overall coordination found to be necessary for a successful large-scale reformulation effort.
(5) Summarize economic benefits.
OBJECTIVE:
The'objective of this work is to develop an automated method for refemulating large numbers of formulas with:
(1) Speed.
<2) Economy.
(3) Accuracy. (4) Versatility to handle numerous product
qualities.
(5) Compatibility with present divisional
COORDINATION:
Our experience indicates that during a mass revision it is essential that all formulas scheduled for reformulation remain under the control of the group handling the reformulation. This control will prohibit other locations from revising any of these formulas while they are already in the process of being computer reformulated. If steps are not taken to maintain this control, reformulation of obsolete formulas takes place. Actually, mass formula revisions involve many different operating groups and therefore require maximum cooperation, effective communication and close overall coordination in order to be successful. This was especially true in the recent 2,500 formula 330-Line conversion, since it was the initial application of the high speed, largevolume processing, 330-CRP. Exhibits I, I-A and I-B show the flow of materials and paper during this recent "en-masse" revision and indicate the sequential actions required of the various Groups involved.
DUP030001661
CAPABILITIES;
-3 ~
DSC #67-1
The present capabilities of the program includes
as output.
(1) Use of Formula Tab Card Deck as Input. (2) Production of revised Formula Tab Card Deck
(3) Mathematical Conversion from 4-2-Line to 330-Line. {4} Gallon Weight Adjustments.
(5) Changes to Title Cards as programmed.
(6) Standardizing Orders of Addition.
(7) Standardizing mixing cycles and manufacturing directions.
(#) Inserting footnote^ and filtering, filling, labelling and cleaning instructions.
cards
9) Producing Divisional Ingredients Index Up-date (10) Calculating raw material replacement cost changes.
(11) Generating C.O.S. data.
FUTURE ACTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS;
Several steps are now underway, or planned, to generalize, and expand the versatility of the 330-CRP. All of these items are being built into the program before our next 330-Line "en masse" reformulation (#,000 formulas) scheduled for late 1967 They are as followss
(1) "S" Code classification capabilities.
(2) Increased recognition and insertion of special formula instructions and/or footnotes based on specific ingredients, combinations of ingredients and product types, e.g., bleeding notations, zinc reactivity cautions, etc.
(3) Expansion of gallon weight calculations as well as all other formula physical constants, e.g,, weight solids, volume solids, pigment volume, etc.
(4) Handling alternate composition type formulas.
(5) Improved method for-inserting gloss notations on formulas requiring same.
(6) Use of magnetic tape, containing the formula composition, as input to the UNIVAC 110# instead of the Tab Cards themselves.
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DSC #67-1
(7) Modifications to the output processing operation to increase formula issuance capacity.
In order to attain its full potential as a tool for both formulation and reformulation, additional work in the following
areas should be undertaken:
(1) Expansion of standardization of orders of addition, mixing cycles and manufacturing directions to systems other than alkyd and nitrogen alkyd, i.e., "incited" Acrylic, T.A.E., Acrylic Lacquer, etc.
(2) Formulating capabilities from mill base compo sition through programming of Formulating Tables*
(3) Color Classification Data Form Generation, (4) Label Analysis. (5) Flash Point Classification.
(6) Other programs or routines as required by in dividual Plants, Laboratories or personnel for special formulation or reformulation projects, e.g., "Rule 66" Breakdown, Resin Compo sition Breakdown, etc.
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION:
The information contained herein is strictly Company Confidential. Details on specific sections of the 330-CRP bam been kept to a minimum in accordance with the confidential nature of the material and the security procedures now in effect.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
J. I. Ralph, E.S.D., and M. E. Barton, Divisional Plants
Chemical Groups, who did the programming. G. C. Fox who formulated much of the initial logic. W. S. Armstrong, C.O.S* Group, for pro gramming much of the C.O.S. section of this program. C. A. Carpenter Whose ideas and cooperation in data processing and preparation of
cost calculations for manual formula revisions were so important to the success of the program. H, A. Wray for providing information on conventional formula format and guidelines. W. B. Callahan who co ordinates 330-Line objectives. W. B, Schaner for diligently carrying out the experimental work and proofreading computer output.
: PREPARED BY
(da
M. W. SCH.
APPROVED BY:
W. B. CALLAHAN
MHS:jp
APPROVED BY:
C.N. SWINEHART, JR., SUPERVISOR, DIVISIONAL PLANTS CHEMICAL GROUP
DUP030001663
5 DSC #67-1 DISCUSSION g
Backgrounds
The immediate objective of the DSC Program, P-63, 1$ to replace 42, 732 and 743-Line dispersions with 330-Line counterparts. When setting up this objective, it was recognized that several thousand formulas would eventually have to be revised to complete the program,, Normal manual procedures for handling revisions are impractical since; {1) speed in mass reformulation is necessary to orderly changeover. (2) the cost to manually handle 10,000 revisions is prohibitive, (3) standardization requirements and technical con siderations of the revision require exhaustive training of personnel, and (4) accuracy in conversion is difficult to control.
Accordingly, objectives were set up to develop a computer ized reformulation program. Engineering Services Department was con tracted to write a computer program specifically designed to handle the conversion of formulas containing 42, 732 and 743-Line dispersions to a 330-Line basis. Midway through this program it was decided to develop it not only specifically for the 330-Line conversion, but also to build it in a manner which would permit application to many other formulation and reformulation programs. The evolved program possesses this flexibility and is already being adapted to handle Toledo's objective to convert 1,400 15-Line formulas to 16-Line quality.
Input;
The present formula issuance and distribution procedures in F. & F. are compatible with data processing systems and equipment. All divisional formulas have tabulating card decks. These tab card decks contain all the information found on the. formula and are used to make thb^r&itedl hard copy formula card and', at many locations, the production batch card.
The input to the UNIVAC 110$ is the tab card deck of the formula being revised. This may be the actual cards themselves, as was the case for the 2,500 formula revision, or it may be magnetic tape on which the tab card data have been recorded.
The logistics of tab card handling make the latter type input more desirable and tape will therefore be used on future mass revisions. Tab card decks will be read on to discs at Philadelphia via the IBM 1401, This recorded data will then be transferred from the disc to tape, and the tape used for input to the 110$ This operation of tab card to disc to tape has already been programmed and validated by M. E. Barton (Statistical ..Engineer, Divisional Plants Chemical Group) and is now operable.
Outputs
There are ithree types of output from the UNIVAC J.10$s
(1) Comment .Print-Out Sheet - This is,a computer print-out detailing the entire revision and is used to proof-read the revision since it also shows*
DU P030001664
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DSC #67-1
(a) Line skipping sequence to conform to formula format.
(b) Gallon weight reallocation figures.
(c) Raw material replacement cost changes.
(d) C.O.S. data.
(e) Any pertinent information such as missing cards in the original formula, wrong
totals, etc.
Exhibit II shows the printout sheet of a formula processed through the 110$.
(2) Tab Card Deck - The revised tab card deck for the formula being processed is produced by the 1106. This new tab card deck is used, as is, to print the revised formula and/or batch card as required.
(3) Tape - Tape output contains COS datav-
.
It should be noted that tab card output is somewhat cumber
some on the 110$ and on future revisions it is planned to record the formula output on tape. The tape output will then be used to punch the tab card decks on hardware more efficient than the 110$ in this
operation. This change from tab card to magnetic tape output on the 110$ will lead to faster processing, easier handling and unlimited processing lot size.
Processing:
The UNIVAC 110$ accepts the formula tab card input, goes
through the manipulations listed below to convert it to a 330-Line basis, and produces the revised formula in tab card form. Exhibit III shows a typical input formula and Exhibit III-A the output from the 110$. These Exhibits illustrate many of the items enumerated below.
(1) Title Card Changes - These include cards 101 through 307, 529, 230 and 231=
(a) !t)l and 529 Cards - These cards are changed to show the date the formula is processed.
(b) 203 Card - "Perm" or "Temp" is inserted in
the middle block of the 203 card, determined by the formula being permanent or temporary.
(c) 205 Card - The "Reviser" on the 205 card is changed to show UNIVAC. The Plant or Laboratory raSpnsible for the revision is inserted in the Plant responsibility block.
DUP030001665
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DSC #67-1
(d) 206 Card - The date on the 101 card of the
input is transferred to the previous formula date block on the 206 cardo The approval block is changed as required.
(e) 307 Card - The reason for issue is in serted here as desired.
(f) 230 Card - COS is inserted in the Patent
Marking block.
:r
(g) 231 Card - The gallon weight of the revised product is inserted in the gallon weight block.
(2) Mathematical Conversion - The.computer identifies
any ingredients which must be converted and uses a replacement table, similar to a formulating table* to effect the change.
(3) Order of Addition - The computer identifies all
ingredients in the formula and sorts them into pre-established groupings. These groups of materials are then placed in a stan dardized order according to the type product* alkyd or nitrogenalkyd* which is being processed.
(4) Standard Manufacturing Directions and Mixing Cycles - Manufacturing and mixing cycles are inserted based on the quality of the product formula* alkyd or nitrogen-alkyd.
(5) Special Instructions and Footnotes - The com puter is programmed to insert special instructions upon recognition of single ingredients* series of ingredients* product lines* or combinations thereof. These instructions includes
(a) Labelling Instructions.
(b) Special Manufacturing Directions.
(c) Filtering Instructions.
(d) Equipment Cleaning Instructions.
(e) Filling Inst ruction s.
(f) Some Bleeding Notations.
(g) Special Loading Instructions.
(h) Doping Instructions.
All instructions and footnotes are in accordance with FP-OB* Divisional Formula Writing Guide.
(6) Gallon Weight Adjustment Calculation - The gallons of material removed from the formula vs. the gallons of material added to the formula are determined. Small differences in the gallon weight between the old and new formula are compensated for by increasing or decreasing the amount of thinning solvent to give a 100 gallon formula.
DUP030001666
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DSC #67-1
(7) Raw Material Replacement Cost Calculation * The difference in the raw material cost of the new and the old formulas is calculated and printed on the comment sheet. A
negative amount indicates a cost decrease.
(8) Divisional Ingredient Index tfp^D&te Cards'These cards are punched to indicate any deletions or additions to the ingredient composition of the new vs. the old formula. The
cards are used directly by Division Planning to up-date the Divisional Ingredient Index.
(9) C.O.S. Data - C.O.S. data is generated for all formulas which have the required characterization data.
(10) Formula Format - The computer is programmed to place all data on the tab cards in the proper spaces and to skip lines or blocks of lines, as necessary, so that the output is in the exact conventional formula format currently in use.
Performance.
The performance of the 3.30-CRP is rated on the number of formulas processed which require no manual changes vs. the number of formulas processed which do require some key punching effort to either correct or augment information. Although it is feasible to reduce keypunching to zero through extended programming, the effort required to reach this goal is impractical in both time and cost. A particular piece of logic was included only where the amount of time required to do the actual programming was substantially less , than the time which would be required to manually revise the formulas directly involved with the note. For example, a note which would eliminate the requirement of key punching for 100 formulas would be programmed, whereas one involving only three formulas would not.
The actual performance of the 330-C1P on the 2,500 formula revision in terms of keypunching requirements was as
follows;
Perfect Formulas
(a) Required No Keypunching
Imperfect Formulas
(a) Keypunching of 3 tab
cards per formula or
less
- 9.8#
89.4#
(b) Keypunching of more
than 3 tab cards per
formula
- 0.8#
10.6#
DUP030001667
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DSC #67-1
The total keypunch time which was required for the entire revision is estimated at 16 hours.
Speed;
Average volumes on the 330-line revision recently com pleted were 200 formulas per computer run. This volume gave a median processing average of 3i seconds per formula or approxi mately 12 minutes for 200 formulas. Per formula processing time through the computer is dependent on volume. The larger the volume the less the per formula processing time. Runs were kept
at 200 formulas on the 2,500 formula revision because of handling time restrictions imposed by use of tab cards as input. With the planned replacement of tab card input with tape, the formula volume per run will be greatly increased and a corresponding de crease in processing time to two seconds per formula is expected.
Application;
The first application of the computer program was in the 2,500 formula, 42-Line to 330-Line conversion. M. E. Barton is currently up-dating the 330-CRP to handle Toledo's objective of converting 15-Line Mixing Machine Enamel formulas to a 16-Line
basis. Immediate planning also includes work to add additional notes, expand capabilities and further refine the 330-CRP in prep aration for the revision of approximately 6,000 formulas in the next 330-Line commercialization scheduled for late 1967. Other reformulation and formulation objectives currently being con sidered for application include:
(1) "Rule 66"' conversions.
(2) Sulfate to Chloride processed TiO^ conversions.
(3) Formulating Table capabilities.
M. E. Barton will be handling the programming require ments for all future application of the 330-CRP.
In addition to these applications, the C.O.S. portion of the reformulation program can be used independently of the main body of the program to generate C.O.S. data. The C.O.S. section of the 330-CRP was developed by W. S. Armstrong (C.O.S. Group, Philadelphia.
DUP030001668
10 Economics;
Use of the 330-CRP in=lieu of manual revision resulted in a savings of $1,450 or about $0-50 per formula, on the recent 2,500 formula revision. This savings is expected to increase to $43,000 or $6.00 per formula on the anticipated 3,000 formula 330-Line revision. This increase in savings will be accomplished through further program refinement and dissipation of program development costs.
A direct comparison of the cost between manual and computerized reformulation is presented in Exhibit XV. These costs are not official and are intended to reflect the relative cost difference between only those operations common to the 330-CRP and manual revision procedures. Cost of formula issuance and distri bution are not included in the comparisons since the costs of these operations are currently equivalent for both revision procedures. Cost data for most of the manual revision operations were provided by Division Planning and for COS data generation by the COS Group.
Exhibit V details the operations involved with formula revision up to and including generation of the revised formula tab card deck and delineates per=qpe ration costs, equipment and manpower requirements.
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COMPUTER PRINTOUT .SHEET .
DUP030001673
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