Document 8V1z4a44Xe0K0EX5kx61JpQaa

CERAMIC ABSTRACTS Compiled by The; American Ceramic Society Volume 24,1945 Rom C. Puxsy. Editor Maxy J. Cas Emily C. Van Saottt Zxlla Williams ) > Assistant: J Committee on Publication: R. L. Stohx, Chairman; H. W. Thzymxozc, W. A. Wilson, S. C. Lyok, R. C. Puxsy, ex officio F. C. Amsee A. A. Ayxn Martin Baker L. R. Barrett W. R. Beck j A. C. Bevan' A. J. Biddulph R.G. Capell ABSTRACTERS L. C. Chadwick M. V. Condoide W. D. Foster V. D. Frichette R. A. Grejory P. Grodzmsld Max Hartiraheim E. A. Hauser F. G.Heck R. A. Heindl J. F. Hernor M. Hoseh E. E. Howe F. J. Huribut G. hi. Hurt G. A. Rirkesdale B. B. lane E. D. Maher R. W. McAllister E. P. Murphy, Jr. D. G. Pierce E. C Pierce Alexis Pincus M. E. Poor Editorial Office: 2525 North Hijb Street, Columbus 2, Ohio Publication Office: 20th and Northampton Streets, Easton, Pa. H. K. Richardson Marcaret Roach B. C. Rnprecht A. B. Searle . L. Shattuck Haas Thumauer C. Wentworth Samuel Zerfo i * 1 1 Co. 2 armed This con ed by s tad third These then e pren this its oi 1300*. i-si-o ! into formielded s paid aatioa Amtr. 1936)) n sad erwia. .925)). 1950* s, tad rterite t case, ill US 1200% nilariy at the re prorielded ben it :gbt to 3-Mgifter 3 3* sad is con- >f 10% (Mg> oduced O-SiO. ith reof enipared. iogram ited st coutitpproxi- The v-Mg:.Ho. Born 1. Dec. lEINXN 2367.3*202). i.scxvu = (April .* F. B. *`5. Jan. .--The r which -sin the litharge oxidk<ali sad ;g in sa product -.on. 'ost ss Jan. 9. . 1945 General 47 General Cerssiies today. Akox. Chan. Age [London], 50 [1302 ] 550 (1944). Ceramics tre bring used by manu facturers a place of plasties, steel, nickel, copper, alumi num. zinc, sad rubber. Present-day industrial white- ware has characteristics that stake it highly suitable for many industrial uses. Its resistance to abrasion is high. .Almost the only materials that outwear whiteware are xubber-tire-tread nock and manganese steel; for some gT;acting uses, such as nozzles for sandblast equipment, the best ceramic nozzles will outlast manganese steel, and for lining coke chutes, hard vitreous tile is still in good condi tion when both neel and rubber linings are wens out. The compressive strength of ceramics ranges from 25.000 to 80.000 Ib./sq. m. This compares with 9000 to 47,000 for aluminum alloys. 16,500 to 45,000 for thermosetting plastics. 7000 to 20.000 for zinc alloys, and 55,000 to 400.000 for ferrous alloys. Ceramics are low in tensile strength (1500 to 10,000 Ib./sq. m.). This deficiency can often be made up by mmeasing the thickness or other di mensions of the ceramic unit. Resistance to chsnicals is high. Ceramic wart will withstand almost any compound except hydrofluoric add. In hardness, it exceeds most plastics and nonferrous metals; it is equal to glass and softer alloy steels and chilled east iron. Obstacles to the nse of ceramic parts as substitutes for metal in complicated assemblies are the shrinkage and oceasiooal warping that take place during firing, but dimensional tolerances sufficiently fine have been obtained by-several newer molding methods. One method molds a part in the traditional manner but somewhat oversize. A preliminary firing shrinks the part to a certain extent but leaves it still oversize.' The first firing is stopped while the material is still soft enough to machine with standard tools. The machining is done to allow an exact margin for the addi tional shrinkage that occurs during the second and final firing. In another method, exact parts are obtained by machining rods of fused mica and glass up to I in. thick. Mi.-* and glass ire not fired during the forming process because, unlike true ceramics, they soften at high teapera- turn, but the mica-glass material can be used like por celain; it has the advantage of machinehility and ean bo pressure molded like plastics. In a third method, care fully blended and moistened clays are molded under such heavy pressure that warpage is practically absent, and the result is a dense high-strength product. The fired product can be held to an accuracy of Vm in. per inch of dimension, and further exactness can be obtained by grinding the finished article accurately to size. A-B.S. Classification of natural organic binders. Edwa*d P. McNaxajla and Jay E. CousfOftO. Jour. Amtr. Ceram. Joe.. 28 (1 ] 25-31 (1945).--14 references. 7 figures. Congress displays industry's war effort Anon. Amtr. Foundrrman, 6 (0 ) 2--3 (1944).--The 48th conven tion of the American Foundry-men's Asm. is disenwd. MAS. Findings from Foundation surveys of war plants. F. R. Holden and W. C. L. Henson. Presented at meeting of Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Pittsburgh. Pa., Nov., 1944; abstracted Safety Eng.,U [6J63-66 (1944).--'The report discusses among other things the conversion of forms of quartz into tridymite and cristobalite, which are more destructive of animal tissue than quartz. Where the day-pot process is used in giassnaking, the reclaiming of the discarded pots produces a serious health hazard. Like wise. in the glass industry, furnace and tuille stones con tain about 15% cristobalite. and the principal silicosis hazard arises in departments where the clays and furnace and tuille stones are manufactured and handled. A survey of industrial hygiene in a portion of the ceramic industry is under way, and a report is expected in 1945 in which con clusions win differ somewhat from prevalent ideas. The report gives some consideration to dust control for masons in glass and similar plants and in particular to a portable exhaust unit for a brick-cutting saw in common use. Minimizing dust around clay and Sint storage bins, etc., is touched upon. Investigations have also been made in a sand-washing plant to determine what additional meas ures for dust control might be necessary. MJL Have you any idea wfaat prospects want to know about your product? E. L. Spajuu. Ind. Marketing, 29 [12] 51-52, 55 (1944).--S. discusses results of a survey made among engineering and industrial readers as to possible points to be emphasized in advertising construction equip ment and building znaterials. One of those submitting answers condemns the use of hammered or frosted t) in factory windows. He asks. "Why don't g> manu facturers advise owners or engineers to install a line of clear glass at eye level where the bulk of the windows are ham mered or frost glass:" Another wanted physical data pertaining to glass block. S. found the men interviewed to be practical, common-sense folk and felt that their sug gestions to manufacturers and advertisers should be heeded. M.R. Mist and dost collection. C. E. Urns. Beating, Piping end Air Conditioning, 16 [7] 410-14; [8] 464-66; [10] 578-81 (1944).--L. reviews the purposes of mist and dust collecting and summarizes the characteristics of dust. The main reasons for industrial dust collection are (1) nuisance elimination, (2) improvement of product quality, (3) reduction of equipment maintenance. (4) of safety and health hazards, and (5) recovery or collection of powdered products. To properly design industrial con trol equipment it is necessary to recognize and understand the fundamental properties and characteristics of gas dis- persoids. These include particle size (cement dust is one of the largest of common dusts), particle classification, ex plosion hazards, and health hazards. L. then iiiwuiw the methods of measurement and the character of atmos pheric pollution. . Dust fall, use of Ringelmann charts, snptngen, precipitators, filters, and atmospheric pollution data are included. Finally, he covers the sampling of process and ventilation gases to determine the performance of dust-collecting equipment, to evaluate the need for in stalling a system, or to obtain information for design. 43.references. 4 illustrations. M.R. Noted engineer stresses research at meeting. H. F. Utlxy. Pit end Quarry, 37 [C176.78 (1944).--At a meet ing hell in Los Angeles, Nov. 9,1944, Stanton Walker dis cussed the research activities of the Nations Sand and Gravel' Assn, and the National Ready Mixed Concrete Assn. He devoted much time to the simplification of sizes for coarse aggregates as well as to the research develop ments in fine aggregates. It was decided to form com mittees of producers from the northern and southern parts of California to work jointly with committees of Govern ment engineers to facilitate reducing the large number of sizes of aggregates now being produced. 1 photograph. ILR. Organization of research. A. Pa*exa. Jour. hut. Fuel, 17 [96] 154-5S (June. 1944); abstracted m BulL Brit. Son-Ferrous Metals Research Assn., No. 182, p. 220 (Aug., 1944).--P. characterizes organization of research in universities and colleges, special research institutes, in dividual industrial undertakings, cooperative industrial undertakings, and cooperative industrial research. The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Fuel Research Station are described, and the selection of a research staff is discussed. Prevention of pneumoconiosis. Anon. Chan. Age [London], SI [1322] 18(^81 (1944).--Pneumoconiosis is a group name for all lung diseases caused by dust particles; two forms of it are silicosis and asbestosis. The best methods of prevention are (1) replacement of the substance producing the obnoxious dust by a harmless one. e.g., alumina in place of ffint for "dusting" and bedding in pot tery manufacture and artificial abrasive materials for sand stone in grinding; (2) preventica of the escape of dust into the workshop atmosphere, usually by means of hoods and air suction; (3) the use of respirators by all workers likely to be affected; and (4) copious general ventilation. In the British Isles, the Factories* Act. 1937. requires that pro* vision shall be made for rendering harmless as far as prac- 48 Ceramic Abstracts VoL 24, No. 2 tk&ble aE dust. etc.. that may b injurious to health; that means shalT be taken for preventing the inhalation of dust;, and that pqaona shall be excluded from workrooms in which siliceous dust is produced during the intervals allowed for meals or rest, la addition, various regulations hare been made for the control of special industries or processes; sandblasting may bfe done only in an enclosed chamber in which no other work is ordinarily performed and in which e&eient means are provided to prevent the escape of dust outside the chamber. Another set of regula tions applies to processes carried out in quarries in which the stone contains at least 80% silica. Machines used for the crushing and grinding ofstone must be entirely enclosed or provided with efficient arrangenents to prevent the escape of dust. In deciding the harmfulness of dost, it is necessary to know its chemical and mineralofical nature, its concentration, and other-physical characteristics, in cluding the mass concentration, Le., the weight of dust in unit volume of the dust eloud. the number of particles per unit volume, and the size distribution of the particles. Information about the size of the dust particles is necessary because it is unlikely that many particles larger than about 10 microns reach the deeper part of the lungs. The smaller dust particles are regarded as the more dangerous. Vari ous instruments have been devised for sampling air-borne dusts. They entrap the dust particles from a known volume of air on a glass surface or in liquid. The particles are then counted under the microscope; in some cases the particle diameters are also measured, and the particle- size distribution is thus ascertained. The available in struments differ considerably in their sampling efficiencies, so that for the same dust cloud different instruments may give substantially different results. The thermal precipi tator sampling instrument is highly efficient. The dust is deposited on two microscope cover slips which are subse quently mounted on slides. The dust particles are counted and measured under a high-power microscope. A.B.S. Enos A. Stewart, founder and owner of the Stark Briek Company- Axon. Bull. Amer. Ceram, See.. 24 (11 1-2 '* (1*45).--I photo. 11 Symposium on the Organization, Direction, and Support of Research: Advancement of learning in the United ' States is. the postwar world. J. B. Conant. Proe. Amer. PM. See.. 97 {4] 291-98 (Jan. 29, 1944). Or ganization, direction, and support of research in the - physical sciences. H. S. Taylou. Ibid^ pp. 299-306. Discovery and interpretation of biological phenomena. D. W. BfcOKT. Ibid., pp. 307-12. Critique of medical research. A. Gxsec. Ibid., pp. 313-20. Political econ omy is the modern state. H. A. Ik\*is. Ibid., pp. 323-41. War and research is social science. R. F. KzatoLLS. Ibid., pp. 361-64; abstracted in Bull. Bril. Non.Ferrous Uriah Research Assn., No. 185. p. 307 (Nov,, 1944). UPAXATX FtTBUCATlOMS Industry and Research. Anon. Federation of British Industries Brochure, 24 pp. (Oct.. 1943); abstracted in Bull. Bril. Non-Ferrous Sletah Research Assn., No. 174. ~ p. 370 (Dec., 1943).--The importance and achievements of industrial research, its present position and organization, and suggestions for development are presented. Consider able reference is made to research associations and to the need for their inoeased support. Scientific Research and the Universities in Postwar Britain. Anon. Parliamentary and Scientific Committee Brochure, 18 pp. (Oct., 1943); abstracted in Bull. Brit. Non-Ferrous ilelah Research Assn., No. 174. p. 370 (Dec.. ' 1943).--After a concise demonstration of the case for a great inmease in indusmial and all other types of scientific research in this country, the supply and training of re search personnel are considered. A two- or three-fold expansion of university and other facilities for the earning of scientists, with correspondingly inmeased Government support, is demanded. Fifteen "proposals*' are formally stated. TECHNICAL BOOKS REPUBLISHED The following technical volumes have been republished in the United States under licenses issued by the Alien Property Custodian and are available to the industry at the prices indicated from publisher, Edwards Brothers. Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. Eitel, Wilhelm (editor) Glastechnische Tabellen: Pbysikalische und chemische Konstanten der Glaser. Unter Mitwirkung von H. Alterthum ... u. a.... heransgegeben von Wilhelm Eitel, Marcello Pirani, und Karl Scheel. Berlin, Springer, 1932. si 4 714 pp. Price S24.00. Eitel, Wilhelm Fbyrikalisebe Cbemie der SQikate. 2, vfiHig neubearb. Aufi. Leipzig, Barth, 1941. vii 4- S26 pp. Ulus. Price 821.00 Koeppet, Claus Feuerfeste Baustoffe sflikatischer und sOikathaltiger Massen. Leipzig, Hirzel. 193S. rri 4 296 pp. Ulus. (Cbemie und Technik der Gegenwart. 18). Price $6.00. Scloang, Hermann Die pbystka&chea und cbemischen Gnmdlagen der Keramik. Berlin, Springer. 1933. viii 4- 229 pp. Price $5.75.- Schfflid, Erich Krista^plastizitat. Berlin, Springer. 1935. 373 pp. Price $9.65. Smits, Andreas Die Tbeorie der Komplexitat und der AUotropie. Berlin. Veriag Cbemie. 193S. xii 4- 372 pp. Price $S-50. Strum, Hugo (editor) Mineralogischc Tabellen. im Auftrage der Deutschen mineralogischen Gesellschafi berausgegeben. Leipzig. Akadcmische Verlagsgesellschaft. 1941. 2S7 pp. Price $7.35. Stuekert, Ludwig Die Emailfabrikation. ein Lehr- und Handbuch fur die Emailindustrie. Berlin. Springer. 1941. vi 4 SOU. (2j pp. Price $9.00. Volmer, Max Kinetik der Phasenbildung. Dresden. SteinkopfT. 1939. xii 4 220 pp. Price $4.73. * .*} f I 1O ^g Sy cn z> go >w >3 cn 5 O 11) ir r x rr o 2 r > > mc C"3 es C9 CD !? CD o : cd o p o>o> CD. l&Siimiinmi an--Wi*j . .fell..... ijiBifT m !? hlVA - 1 = l Si The America Ceramic Society February 15,1993 I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume 24,1945, are true and accurate copies, which maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. 1 cannot verify the accuracy of copies from Chemical Age, Volume 51,1944. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614 890*4700 TWX-. 7101109409