Document 8V1LYqwNRdKn9KMmJep1ZzJwe

Volume 9 . r_=-- HI SEPTEMBER, 1939 |L . `*'^0 Number 5 -Plumbers' workshop on a U. S. H. A. project in Buffalo, another example of lead plumbing used at no increased cost. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue New York U. S. H. A. Projects in Buffalo Demonstrate Economy of Highest Quality Plumbing Emphasizing Leadwork UILT under the United States Grimm was the plumbing contractor B Housing Authority program, the and Samuel Fleisher the general con Lakeview and Willert Park Housingtractor, both of Buffalo, also. In all. and the workmanship are of highest quality. As stated above, the reason is in the method of installation. With Projects in Buffalo. N. Y.. are two con 182 extra heavy 4-in. lead bends were lead, whole frames of wastes and vents crete examples that high quality in used, and each unit used 4i/2 ft. of 2-in. are wiped together on a workbench. plumbing installations need not be and 6 ft. of ll/2-in. D (XL) weight lead The unit is then picked up and set in sacrificed in low cost housing. All soil waste pipe stamped with the Lead In place. With well-planned work it is and waste pipes were cast iron and dustries Seal of Approval. The roof not necessary to wipe even one joint lead, and all service pipe, closet bends, flashings were all hand made from 6- after the unit is in place. The result drum traps, roof flashings and vent lb. sheet lead and all drum traps were is faster, more organized, and better connections were of lead. 4 x 9 in. made of 8-lb. lead. The main work with the decrease in cost and the An argument with which the build sewer pipe was 18-in. extra heavy cast increase iirquality going to the owner, ing industry has in many cases been iron with 8-in. branches to each build who, in the case of such projects as confronted is that low-cost housing is ing. All joints in cast-iron sewer and these, is tire taxpayer. Moreover, the so necessary and desirable that it is soil pipe were calked with lead, with a extra durability of lead means free worthwhile to sacrifice quality to some total of 20 tons of calking lead used. dom from maintenance expense. extent in order to attain supposed For the installation a work shop was The plumbing installation for the economy. That this argument is er set up in one of the cellars and nine even larger Lakeview Project was done roneous has now been proved by the journeymen, under Harvey Strumm, in a similar manner. Henry R. Dechert Buffalo projects. In the recent bulle the supervisor of the job, were at work was the plumbing contractor, and tin Release No. 312 of the United continuously on lead work, wiping up J. W. Cowper. and Green and James, States Housing Authority the rent frames of wastes and vents, making general contractor and architects, re schedules for the first five projects to roof flashings, and other lead work. spectively, all of Buffalo. There are be opened have been announced, those In this method of working is found 72 units housing 668 families. Ap in Austin, Texas; Jacksonville, Flor the basic reason why lead plumbing proximately 20 tons of lead pipe were ida; Buffalo, New York (2), and New can be used without increasing cost. used with almost 10.000 wiped joints, York City. Explanation was made that In the natural characteristics of lead all of which were made up on the the unusually low figure for Austin is found the basic reason why lead benches in the workshop. Lead calked was due to very low material, labor, plumbing should be used. To render joints were used exclusively for the and maintenance costs. Regarding the adequate health protection, the pipe 16.000 ft. of extra heavy cast-iron others, "`The average monthly shelter material used in plumbing systems sewer pipe ranging from 6 to 15 in. rents per family announced for the must have certain essential qualities. in diameter, and using 40 tons of calk Jacksonville project are $10.58; for It must be flexible, absorbing building ing lead. Noteworthy is the fact that the two projects in Buffalo the average movement and settlement; it must be the contractor's bid was $8,300 less for is $13.25; for the Red Hook project unaffected by the action of waste mat the cast-iron sewer than for a substi in Brooklyn it is about $17.00." ter, which is highly corrosive due to tute material. There was a total of 334 Here is true low cost housing. But, such substances as hydrogen sulphide vent pipe flashings all hand made from represented by these figures is a point and ammonia; it must be free from 8-lb. sheet lead. 2 ft. square at the base of great importance to architects. In sharp bends and changes of direction and 16 in. high. Also, as on the Yt i 1 - the Jacksonville project as well as in which retard flow or clog. It should lert Park Project, all service pipe was Buffalo, lead work was the keynote of have bonded joints that cannot leak. oflead. the plumbing installation. Moreover, All of these fundamental requisites are By the use of lead services for these the average rents announced for these found in lead, and in lead only. No projects, the authorities have taken a projects are lower than that of the Red other material combines them. further judicious step toward assuring Hook project in New York where The only other factor entering into low' maintenance cost, necessary if low screw pipe was used. Certainly, this is the matter is the question of cost. For Tent schedules are to be maintained tangible proof that the quality of the many years the theory has been that ever a period of years, one more rea plumbing does not have to be sacri it increases costs to increase the qual son why durable lead is more satisfac ficed to achieve low rents in housing ity of materials or workmanship. In tory and economical. projects regardless of size. plumbing this theory' issrroneous, be - Furthermore, in keeping with the The Willert Park Housing Project cause, as these housing projects show, - Jiigh quality of the installation, all consists of 10 units housing 176 fam a more durable and efficient lead in lead pipe, traps, bends and calking ilies and was designed by Frederick C. stallation need cost no more than any lead was stamped with the Seal of Backus, architect, of Buffalo. Carl E. other type, and both the material used - Approval. [2] .LIA25539 [3] LIA2554Q Corrosive Gases Afford a Flashing Problem Easily Solved by Use of Sheet Lead I I tr*. HEET lead, due to its combination However, since the acoustical blocks S of advantageous characteristics, were porous they had to be protected recently solved an unusual flashingagainst the weather by flashings. These problem for the Engine Test Building covered the tower partitions, extend of the Sacramento Air Depot, Sacra ing down inside the lowers about 2 in., mento. California. and the coping around the outside of In order to test motors, air intake the buildings. and exhaust ducts were desired. To In designing this work the Construc provide these ducts, eight towers 20 tion Department of the United States ft. square and 18 ft. high were built Army, and the McKune Metal Prod of acoustical block, set above the roof ucts Company, the sheet metal contrac line. The towers are connected in tors. realized the necessity of selecting pairs, and, by the operation of the pro a material combining several qualifi pellers of the test motors, air is first cations. It should be unaffected by drawn in through the intake towers, atmospheric corrosion, and, even more and discharged out the exhaust towers. important, by the fumes and acids Also, each tower is of special "ho'nev- generated by the operation of the mo comb" design to eliminate the tremen tors. Naturally, it should be weather dous amount of noise generated by the proof to protect the porous blocks, motors during testing operations. and il should be flexible to absorb the vibration caused by the motors. The flashing material had to be easily worked to allow economical fabrica tion for cutting, forming and fitting to the tops of the "honey-comb" towers. Also initial low-cost was desired. Fortunately, sheet lead possessed all these requisites to the highest extent. Approximately 20,000 lb. of 4-Ib. soft sheet lead were used, the material be ing furnished to exact specifications, cut to size at the mill and packed in paper wrapping to insure perfect de livery to the job. The entire method of installation was carefully planned and carried out with completely satisfactory results. Walter Fagent. general superintendent of tfr McK;nc Metal Products Com pany. supervised this installation. Artistic Sheet Lead Statue at New York Worlds Fair N interesting application of orna- statue is receiving a final burnishing Ak mental lead work is found in with steel wool to bring out the rich the heroic size statue of Norwayh'sighlights in the lead coating. great King, Olav Trygvason, now For centuries lead has been widely shown at the Norwegian Pavilion at employed for ornamental and artistic the New York World's Fair. The work. Whether cast, hand beaten or statue is the work of Wilhelm Ras finished by other ornamental processes mussen, Professor of Sculpture in the its ease of working, durability, and Academy of Arts at the University of attractive color have made lead a fa Oslo. The figure is 12 ft. high, weigh vorite material for ornamental arti ing three tons, and is made of a wood sans. The statue of King Olav is an core covered with plaster and overlaid excellent modern adaptation of lead's w ith sheet lead. In the photograph the age-old tradition. [4] LIA25541 mmwwH A New Simplified White Lead Painting Guide FFERED free of charge to ar picted drawings demonstrate the nu O chitects. engineers, contractors merous points that make up proper and others. "What to Expect froampplication, and how a good painter White Lead Paint" is both a valuabwleill perform them. reference book and a simplified analy Featured in this booklet are numer sis of painting and its problems. In ous charts and tabular material to as this booklet, whose cover is repro sist in preparing specifications, esti duced at the right, an attempt has been mating and purchasing materials, and made to take the mystery out of paint other problems. The table for figuring ing and to show clearly and simply, material quantities, reproduced full with a minimum of technical lan size below, and the center spread on guage. the functions of paint and the the next two pages, which gives com qualities a paint must possess to serve plete formulas for mixing white lead its purpose best. for every surface, are typical exam The booklet tells exactly what pure ples of the wealth of useful and infor white lead paint is, and what service mative material in this booklet. may be expected from it. The impor Interior painting as well as exterior tance of proper paint application and receives thorough attention and the selecting a good painting contractor reader is shown how white lead is are clearly shown, and cleverly de tinted to anv desired shade or color. "What to Expect from White Lead Paint" is a simplified paint ing explanation and guide of fered free of charge to architects, engineers, contractors, builders, and others. Write for a free copy. !! I! QUANTITY OF MATERIALS For painting 1000 sq. ft. of surface REPAINTING (Figures are totals for two coats) GALLONS KIND OF SURFACE PAINT Exterior Wood 3 Wood Shingles 3y4 Interior Wood, Piaster end Weilboerd 2'/j Exterior Stucco, Con crete, Stone end Brick 5 WHITE LEAD 451b. 55 lb. 401b. 70 lb. LINSEED OIL l'/l 9L 1% gal. 3 qt. LEAD MIXING OR REDUCING OIL TURPENTINE 3pt. Vi gal. i'A gL 2 gal. LIQUID DRIER % pt- t pt. NEW WORK (Figures are totals for three coats) XIND OF SURFACE GALLONS PAINT WHITE LEAD LINSEED OIL LEAD MIXING OR REDUCING OIL TURPENTINE LIQUID DRIER Exterior Wood 4% 621b. l7/ gl- 3qt. 11/4 pt. Wood Shingles 8% 1051b. 3% gal. 1 Vt gal. 2 '/a pt- I Interior Wood 4 56 lb. 2 qt. Interior Plester I'/agal- 3 Pt. !A pt. end Weilboerd 3% 57 lb. 2 gat. Exterior Stucco, Con* crete end Stone 10 135 lb. 2!4 gal. 3'/j gal. I Exterior Briek 10 120 lb. 3V2 gal. 2 gal. y gal- 11/4 pt. I L1A 2 55* 2 INSIDE WOOD, PLASTER L1A 2554 3 rTiwix :UcT| Is Al*- COMMON s u r f ac es id:tj0lu j^jfjetoreri' direction! where available.) "Double Lifetime" Lead Plumbing an Economical Reality Entire Lead Plumbing System Justifies Stamford Home Title O TRUER title could be given '^ffre life of the building. Once in N the small New England home, stalled, lead plumbing is in to stay, whose sheet lead flashings and whaitned without maintenance or repair lead painting were described in the expense. Nevertheless, despite its rec May and July issues of LEAD, than ognized superiority, such a plumbing the "Double Lifetime" home. So out system need not cost a premium. standing was the construction that the Of unusual interest is the use of a American Builder Magazine, well 3-in. lead stack. Several advantages known building journal, in its detailed were obtained thereby. In the first description of the methods and ma place, since lead does not clog or lose terials employed in this house, decided diameter by corrosion, the 3-in. diam on "Double Lifetime" as best describ eter will be ample for the discharge ing its merits. from the small number of fixtures at Moreover, just as this title aptly tached. Secondly, by using lead, a describes durable sheet lead work and 4-in. stud partition could be used, thus pure white lead and oil paint, so is it saving space and material. Also, lead applicable to the plumbing installa has excellent sound-deadening proper tion in this home. From the house ties and it was felt that this method of drain right through the roof, every installation would be quieter, a dis soil, waste, and vent pipe was of lead, tinct advantage in a small, compact specified to be stamped with the Lead home. Industries Seal of Approval. No In relation to the structural parts of higher quality installation could pos the building, the plumbing installa sibly be used. Lead plumbing is cor tion is exemplary. Where runs of pipe rosion resistant, flexible, free from passed across joists or studs, they were clogging and sharp bends which re run through holes in these members. tard flow. It retains its desirable com Joists and studs were not notched. bination of characteristics throughout Consequently, the strength of the /he completed lead toughing will Iasi almost forever, is sleek in appearance with the maximum in efficient per formation. structural parts was conserved, pre venting sagging floors, creaking boards or cracked tile and plaster. The availability of such a plumbing system in a small low-cost home was made possible by the careful planning of the installation and the time-saving LIA25545 factor of doing the majority of the work on the work bench. Provoost and Everett, of Stamford. Conn., were the architects. Joseph LiVolsi was the general contractor and George C. O'Neill plumbing contrac tor. both of the same city. Copies of the American Builder's complete analysis of the plywood, lead, and Certigrade red cedar shingle features of this home may be had upon request. Reprints are also avail able of the sheet lead work as de scribed by the Sheet Metal Worker magazine. The had roof flash ing, wiped to the lead slat/:, will muhe this joint permanentl\ water-tight and tci'l never produce un sightly staining. Excellent Service Pipe Practice in Jersey City, N. J. ERVICE pipe practice in Jersey emphasis that water works engineers S City. N. J., as in many other im place on two service pipe factors, portant cities, is based largely on theflexibility and wall thickness. Con use of lead. Under the Jersey City cerning the first point, service pipes Water Department regulations all ser wherever installed are subject to vice pipes 2-in. and under, must be ground movement, either from natural AA (XS) or AAA (XXS) lead, gal sources or, where laid under streets vanized lead-lined or extra heavv brass and highways, from the vibration seamless pipe with a lead gooseneck. caused by traffic, railroads, or even In the installation of service pipes, heavy machinery. Consequently, to a licensed plumber after obtaining a absorb this ever present movement permit opens the street and the Water the service pipe must be flexible and Department then installs the tap. At have permanent "give-and-take." In the completion of the service instal Jersey City this flexibility is provided, lation the Bureau of Water installs the of course, by the entire length of the meter. Also, in accordance with good lead service and the integral goose practice, the Water Department regu neck, or, where rigid pipe is used, by lates the method of installation from the lead gooseneck at the main. the length of the gooseneck, as formed Secondly, it should be noted that either integrally with the lead service only thick-walled services are allowed or separately with rigid services, to the in Jersey City. Where service pipes minimum depth of the trench and are subject to corrosive attack, the other installation factors. ultimate life of the pipe is governed This selection of material and in by the pipes resistance to corrosion, stallation practice demonstrates the and how long it will continue resist ance. With lead, for example, which is naturally resistant to ordinary cor rosive influences, the extra thickness of the walls is double assurance of permanent corrosion resistance and trouble-free service. Moreover, lead does not clog or corrode inside the pipe to reduce the diameter and retard the flow. Lead pipe is non-staining as well, an important advantage, since staining and discoloration of fixtures or laundry is often a source of trouble and complaint for water works. Actually lead is the only service pipe material that combines not only flexibility and wall thickness, but also the other necessary characteristics of durable metal, non-clogging and non staining. It is estimated that there are ap proximately 25,000 lead services in Jersey City. Harold M. Ohland, is the Chief Engineer of the W ater Department, Jersey City, N. J. Famous Journal Square and a part oj the huge railway terminal section of Jersey City, a metropolis oj more than 300,000 people. [9] LU25546 Lead Products Aid in Pierce Foundation Experimental Home Low Cost House Styled with White Lead and Flashed with Sheet Lead e g a r d l e s s of the style, size, or R cost of any home or structure, pure white lead and oil paint and sheet lead flashing are two quality products that meet any building budget. This is true even in the lowest cost house, and is thoroughly demonstrated by construction methods of an experi mental house at Lebanon, N. J., erected by the John 13. Pierce Foundation. This unusual home cost approximately 82,000 but can, it is estimated, be built for 81,750, or less, in quantity, and is designed for large families with weekly incomes of about 820. There are five rooms, with single wall par titions. All sections were cut to size in a workshop set up on the job and the actual shell of the bouse assembled by four men in one eight-hour day. Also, almost all of ihe furniture was built in. For the sleeping quarters, accom modating eight, there are two chil dren's bedrooms, each with two builtin hunks, a master bedroom with a double bed built in, and a studio couch in the living room. In addition, there is a modern bathroom and a spacious kitchen. The entire exterior was of %-ir,. phenol plywood and the interior wall sections and the roof sheathing were of Yo-in. and %-in. plywood, respec tively. A specially constructed asbes tos-cement chimney was used. Hard sheet lead was deemed most satisfac tory for the flashing since its pliability Painted with pure white lead and ail and adur styled, this small lu/me is designed to be built for as little as t IJSO. allowed it to he dressed snugly against the somewhat rough sides of the chim ney. Moreover, speed is a major fac tor in houses of this type and the ease of cutting, shaping and fitting sheet lead is a distinct advantage, and the material cost is also low. All exterior walls and interior walls and ceilings received two coats of pure white lead and oil, mixed on the job and tinted to the desired shades and colors. It was felt that two coats would be sufficient since the phenol treat ment of the plywood panels, applied in the shop, would act as a sealer and priming coat. In painting the interior and exte rior, careful attention was given to the selection of colors and color combina tions to "color-style" the home to its best advantage. This treatment of the decorative factor of a low-cost home is one of the basic principles in the Pierce Foundation theory. The mere fact that a house can be built for $1,750 to $2,000 does not, in their opinion, fully solve the low-cost hous ing problem. Such homes may take ill-housed people from slum dwell ings, but this is only one phase of slum clearance housing. The social and morale standpoint is fully as impor tant. People living in the squalor of slums have come to regard their mis erable dwelling in the purely material sense of a place in which to sleep. Just giving them another place to sleep does not alter their mode of living. The new abode must be attractive to create a feeling of pride and a realiza tion of what home really is. To a large extent, painting and styl ing with paint are the solution to this problem, even more so as styling does not add to the cost. Moreover, paint serves a dual purpose, providing pro- " i'wsaejW Phenol plywood was used lor interior and exterior walls and roof sheathing. Hard sheet lead formed the chim ney flashing. [10] LIA25547 I I lection for the structure as well as decoration. By using paint, the ap pearance of the small home may be changed with an apparent effect of in creased height or length. The selection of interior colors is important to ob tain the best dispersion of light, or. as with many dining alcoves, to produce a combination of colors, the effect of two separate rooms where, in actual ity. only one exists. In the Lebanon experimental home, these principles of styling have been skillfully utilized. In the exterior, there are three horizontal panels run ning completely around the building. The bottom and top panels are sepa rated from the middle one which en closes the windows, by horizontal structural members. The effect desired by painting was to increase the appar ent size of the home. The exterior panels, therefore, were painted by us ing two shades of one dominant color. The bottom and the top panels were painted in a medium tan. By using a lighter shade of the same color for the middle panel, the apparent height of the home was increased. Next, by painting the trim and horizontal mem bers a still lighter shade, the house was apparently increased in length. For the interiors, the same general principles were applied, using a wide variety of colors and shades, selected with careful thought as to the expo sure, size and purpose of the rooms. With all these factors and advan tages in mind, there is still one more important point, and that is the matter of cost. Although it is very necessary to obtain these protective and decora tive advantages of paint, its use must not increase the cost of production be yond a certain point or the homes may no longer be in the low cost group. In this respect, the solution is in the use of pure white lead and oil paint. While lead not only possesses the nec essary qualities of excellent paint pro tection, but is the most economical and facile medium for paint styling. Where while lead is employed, there is no limit to the number and range of shades and colors easily obtained bytinting. No material is wasted since the white lead is tinted only to the quantity needed for each color. More over, as far as the material itself is concerned, pure white lead and oil costs less than any other painting ma terial approaching its combination of advantageous qualities. By building much of the furniture against the walls, space was saved in the bedrooms and additional insulation afforded at the floor level. Various decorative shades and colors were used to paint the walls and ceilings with a wholly modern 1 and artistic effect. I I [H] *-1425548 A good painter is always a good investment. For example, pointing up open joints and cracks on wood trim -- filling them properly with white lead putty so they will stay water tight--is one of the dozens of things that a real painter knows how to do. -.. .agwim * i.-W|t||jM^iwnaaiwvwwi. is mining lead but that tells me a lot about PAINT n y b o d y who's ever worked with Ak lead knows it's a grand metal. If you could cover a house with lead, it would just about last forever. And it's not far wrong to say that the next best thing to a metal coat ing when it comes to protection, is white lead. Fact is, white lead is made from lead. You can't use any other metal for making paint and get the same result. What I mean is, white lead paint gives a tough, elastic coat -- a coat that never brittles up or flakes away. Don't take my say-so. Ask any painter who's been at his job long enough to time the life of white lead. Ask him what he'd paint his own house with. Any way you look at it, you're money ahead when you paint with white lead. You'll leant a lot of helpful facts about paint if you read, What to expect from 'White Lead Paint " Write for your copy today. Le a d In d u s t r ie s As s o c ia t io n 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. taint LIA25549