Document 8RwrY2eYjgajqrVkj83x7L52B
MINERA YEARBO
19 6 4
Volume I of Four Vo METALS AND MIN
(Except Fuels)
<$ Prepared by staff of the BUREAU OF MIKIFQ
N49789
>62 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1984
Synthetic mullite and other high alumina refractories were tested for reheat and hot load properties in a furnace equipped to test two cricks simultaneously. This assured identical heating times, temper atures, and heating rates. Rapid expansion of the mullite brick, which was caused bv mullite growth at grain boundries did not occur until after the brick became thermoplastic.7
Uncalcined kyanite was one of the principal ingredients in a pat ented castable refractory for alkali-resistant blast furnace linings.8
1 he durability of conventional steel furnace linings was improved by a patented coating material containing 55 percent siilimanite and smaller amounts of magnesia, alumina, and fluorspar.8
Results of a study were published giving information on the minor elements present and the optical properties of a number of kyanites
from various geological settings, mostly in Minas Gerais, Brazil. One comparison sample was from a magnesite deposit in Bahia. There was
no correlation between optical ana chemical data or between optical data and mode of occurrence.10
Revised data were submitted for high pressure-high temperature experiments on andalusitc, siilimanite, kyanite, and 1:1 alumina-silica gel. Pressure-temperature data for kyanite and the gel were nearly identical, but were considerably different from the siilimanite and andalusite data.11
Unho?U
a I Welseostcln, nod W. L. Bablanlc. Simultaneous Hot Load and
vember ?984!"m>842-845 A1Umlntt Refractorlcs- Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., v. 43, N.T 11, No-
Harbison'-Walker Refractories Co. British Tat. 946.00S, Jan. 15, 1004
.^0rtmH5d-Horder fu"c.?uS,lon A. Q. British Pat, 062,205, July 1, 1964.
a2d C- V. Dutra. Geochemistry of Some Kyanites From Brazil Am
mineral., y. 49, Nos, 9 and 10, September-October 1964, pp. 1290-1305.
'
IS]crem Soe8:
llo 5,
230-2$: Ton'>)cr"ture8 and Pressures. J. Am.
Lead
By Donald E. Moulds
&
Contents
Legislation and Government programs
Domestic production--------------Mine production--------------Smelter and refinery pro
duction Consumption and uses-------------
Lead pigments
Stocks Prices
Page
003 665 665
671 675 077 680 ' 681
Foreign tr World rev
North South Euro Asia_ Afric Ocea Technolo
RODUCTION and consumption of le
Pdomestic lead industry continued to rise i consumption of ores and metal declined refined and antimonial lead at both prima secondary plants were reduced. Mine produ increased 13 percent to 286,000 tons, a tota and production of primary refined and antimo
to 458,000 tons. Recovery of lead from sec primary and secondary plants increased 10 pe tons. Consumption of lead as reported incre over 1.2 million tons with gasoline antiknoc the major portion of the increase, while stora declined from the high level of 1963. Gover of lead from the stockpile in August and completed the 50,000 tons authorized under
The price of common lead in New York
cents per pound quoted at the end of 1963 t 1964; three subsequent increases of 1 cent price to 16 cents per pound on December 1 Exchange price ranged from a low of 9.6 cen to a high of 19.2 cents, U.S. equivalent, in D price for the year was 13.6 cents per pound, N
on the London Metal Exchange.
LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMEN
The small mines stabilization program un enacted in October 1961, applied to eligible p the year. Qualifications for participation amended by enactment of Public Law 88-75
i Commodity specialist, Division of Minerals.
664
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19G4
ment of the program rules and regulations. As of December 31, 19G4, those mines certified under tho amended program totaled 01. Payment of $144,902 was made on sales of 0,144 tons of eligible lead during the year to 48 small mining concerns. The New York price
of load exceeded tho 14.5 cents por pound, below which payment is authorized, in October.
The Government did not acquire lead for tho sLockpilo during the year. Disposal of 50,000 tons of lead to meet indicated commercial shortage was authorized under Public Law 88-373 enacted in July. During August approximately 41,000 tons was sold by General Services Administration and the remaining 9,000 tons was sold in November. Sale was restricted to domestic uso and allocated to domestic producers of primary and secondary refined lead, qualified importers of refined lead, and consumers qualifying as small business
concerns. Shipment of lead by the Government as a result of the sale reduced the Government stockpile inventory to 1,338,130 tons
of lead at yearend, all of which has been determined by the Office of Emergency Planning to be surplus to stockpile requirements for conventional war.
Government participation in exploration projects for lead and
zinc, under the program of the Office of Minerals Exploration, was withdrawn at the end of June 1962. Of the four projects for lead and zinc approved prior to this action and active in 1964, one was certified as a discovery and the remaining projects terminated during the year.
Import quotas on lead ores and metal, established October 1, 1958, continued in effect. The quotas subdivided into quarterly quotas for specified countries were essentially filled for lead metal in all of the
quarters, while receipts of lead in ores and bullion were less than the quota limitation in each quarter and represented only 90 percent of that allowable for the year. The President, on March 2, 1964, requested the U.S. Tariff Commission to advise him in determinating whether or not to relax or terminate the import quotas pursuant to the provisions of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. This investigation was still in progress at ycarond.
Legislation was reintroduced in Congress in February to establish flexible quotas on lead and zinc ores and metal and also on specified
manufactured lead and zinc products. This legislation was still pending in Congress at yearend.
The International Lead and Zinc Study Group held its eighth session in Madrid, Spain, from October 26 to October 30. Repre sentatives of 24 of the participating countries attended the sessions. The Group reviewed statistics on free world production and con sumption of lead and zinc, as well as trade with countries with centrally planned economies. The Group concluded that free world consump tion in 1963-64 had exceeded production and resulted in a drastic reduction of producer stocks and increased prices for lead and zinc, and while a significant increase in production was indicated in 1965-67,
the imbalance in supply-demand would be likely to persist in 1965. Discussions of the Group stressed the importance of trade liberaliza tion in load and zinc and the study of intergovernmental agreements dosignod to achiovo groater stability in lead and zinc. Measures Lo continue study in theso two areas and also in medium-rango aspects of supply and demand were approved.
LEAD
TABLE 1.--Salient lead
1065-59 (average)
1000
United States:
Production:
Domestic ores, recoverable lead content....................... short tons.,, Vnluo.......................thousands..
310,400 $86,020
246, 009 $67,722
Frlmary lead (roflnod): From domestic ores and base bullion................. short tons.- 302, 400
228,800
Frdin forolgn ores and base bullion......... ....short tons.. 170,748 163, 637
Antlmonial lead (primary lead contont)......................short tons..
15.302
2, 386
Secondary lead (load contont) short tons.. 470,242 400,003
Imports, general: Lead In ores and matto...........do----- 182,668 145,092
Lead in ba?o bullion........... do___ 131 203
Lead in pigs, bars, and old
short tons.. 300,66G 213,671
Exports of refined pig lead.......... do------
2,007
1,067
Stocks December 31 (lead content):
At primary smelters and rofinories 147,164 250,142
At consumer plants.............. do------ 124,032 07,208
Consumption of metal, primary and
secondary._____________Bhort tons.. 1,127,002 1,021,172
Price: New York, common lead, aver age, cents per pound-----------------------
14.03
11.06
World:
Production:
2,665,000 2,020,000
Smelter_______ _____-........................ 2,416,000 2,650,000
Price: London, common lead, aver
age, cents per pound------------------------
11.35
9,04
1 Revised.
DOMESTIC PRODU
MINE PRODUCT
Domestic mine production was essenti
year. The output of 286,000 tons of r a 13-percont increase in relation to the 1 affected by the strike closure of the south out the first quarter of 1963. The pro stable, ranging from 22,800 tons in the s top of 25,000 tons in December. Miss fead-producing State with an output of in 1957, followed by Idaho, 71,300 to Colorado, 20,600 tons. These four Sta or 88 percent of the U.S. total; the rema the output of 15 States. Of the 19 State the 1964 output increased in 10 of the S other 9 in comparison to that of 1963. T mines contributed 264,300 tons or 92 p output. Production from the 4 largest m of the total and from the 10 leading mine
The continuing demand for lead, es augment diminishing rocoipts and stoc smelting providod an incentive for ex of lead deposits as well as for reopening
production.
788-7179--66----------- 48
666
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
IOO i -----------1--------------------- 1---------------------1
z
wo 50 -
United States percent of world production-
E
UJ
CL
0 --I..i. i i 1 i i i i 1 i i ii l i i ' r 1 r i i i
3g 30
a a ao -
CL Ol a 10
1 "I---------------------1---------------------1--------------------
/*>*. .^NewYork price
"
London price --~
0 -Ill - 1.,. 1 1 1 1 1 !1_____UJ__ L__1__L- 1L_J_____ 1 I' i l -
1940
1945
1950
1955
I960
1965
Fig u r e 1.--Trends in the lead industry in the United States. Consumption includes primary refined, antimonial, and secondary lead and lead in pigments made directly from ore. Imports are factored to include 95 percent of lead content or ores, mattes, and concentrates and 100 percent of pigs, bars, base bullion, and scran
l ead
TABLE 2.--Mine production of recoverable le
(Short toos)
State
1056-59 (average)
Arizona................... ............ .........
California_____ __________ _____ Colorado........... _......................... Idaho_______ Illinois......... 1............................... Kansas................................. ......... Kentucky____________________ Missouri______ _______________ Montana............ ....... .................. Novada......................................... Now Moxlco...... .......................... New York......................... ...........
Oklahoma.................................... Utah.............................................. Virginia____ ______________ ... Washington................................. Wisconsin................ ......... ........... Other States........ -......................
Total................................
11,220 .8
4,277 16,737 03,224 3,105 3,834
315 118,765
13,015 4,232 3,316 1,074
4 7,600 44,292 2,970 10,812 1,605
7
310,400
1900
8,496
440 18,080 42,907 3,000
781 658 111,948 4,879 967 1,990 776 424 036 30,308 2,162 7,726 1,106 23
246,669
Developments of major significance continued in the southeast Missouri le created a new division to operate its n Reynolds County. This project, alon from the Viburnum mine, was expec 100,000 tons of lead annually, and the was being expanded accordingly.
Montana Phosphate Products Co., a Mining & Smelting Co. of Canada, Lt Industries Inc., announced developmen facilities at the Magmont property nea of 50,000 tons of lead annually, and sc 1907 or early 1908.
American Metal Climax, Inc., a
announced plans for joint developme
properties near Buck, Mo., with a ca annually. Shaft sinking, mine develo
wore expected to be completed by la
also announced plans for a smelter-refin
100,000 tons of lead annually to sme
mine and those produced by the COMI
668 Mils ERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
Total
Gross weight
All other sources1
tine ores
1
zinc, andcopper-lead-
i
Copper-lead, copper-
Lead-zincore
TABLE 3.-- Ores yielding lead and zinc in the U nited States in 1964
(Short tons)
aNO s*I5-t0T.
T3
MsspnsNsQaua}coasgBoiostaRH :s r r
*
ir
i:ra-to
3
i__36__ 7,814,117
: 8,689 1,253,404
28,371,685
aNo
IO p-< 2lO3N2N Vo`
6,179
1,050,812
,1577,773
537,141
205,253
1,162 | 142,097
4,965,814
25,036
486,545
5,102,448
566,245
996,250
849,943
2,145,093
0asr-5T s 3! & of ;
1,704
26,927 i
l 69
1
1,704
21,555
166,101
359,247 2,152
443,626 3,001
53,175 224
580 1
8 ttc-oo-rO) 0P0i 0h5- iii
to N1a6-
E0f
a
7,412,754
1
27,924,313 28
Gross Lead weight
atoi S8N I;|ORiiO) I>:l p* :tcso? ;iI!
ii < ai
9,900
78
Zinc Gross Lead 1 weight
15,804 140
10,246 >52,944
,1447,120 1,207
C<hO --1
l<!ir|(s-0D"
1I111i
>> iii
*0o5
5-0 1iICcJOoV0c *5o*
sg ss
11 ICo-4NO*f i!IN-lT
Xds) 2
S50 SeSNI~ t3-
a iicaocs- 3<o2rtSf
is :iinrs-*
s
O-iOioQCNO h CO NO)
of
pc1--.1 Il10C055O C -VnJ i a`3cs
*or1So
s05? aN
SoOo)'
weight
300,938
7,706,123
(>) 26,278 (32,926 11,392 30,754
1
106,043
1,038 7,720
758 28,462
442
2,682 20,251
cho- li1ieinJrda-S'""'Hc>*>o )r-n-r--icoHn
r I Wco"JJ,
18
Li n ss 0or--5of
weight
hi-o-*i i:iiilcj-Csvo>SN^OsonyOs oo--ohct<Oo3f 3--3t"-**si<f 8naVeSosgCSOnao""oo3asf a.e8hf
104 11
!
sC5O0
<o0 a-- 0-5 1
25
!l20,148 1,501
473 104 242 71
16 1
211,036 21,220 1,897
1,999 ; 1.078 2
3,157 479 30 1
1,320
Gross ; weight
;
2oo>n0d5>2H o"
a8tnS<n
sto s lO"
Zinc Gross Lead Zinc Gross
Zincore
Lead ore
IACCdriolalaizfohroooarn.d.ani..o...a....................
T iHnnis _
State
l
si
5
i s
-
NMeovntaadna.a............
NewMexico...__
Oklahoma
Utah..........
Washington... iWsconsin__
NNeewwjYerorske_y.._.
Pennsylvania.___
Virginia Other States..
Total.....
210,125 2,040,319 1,0567 j33,023 36,561,487
286,010
1
W W ithheld to avoid disclosing in d iv id u a l company confidential data. >Lead and zinc recovered from other ores (copper, gold, silver, etc.) and from m ill slags, tailings, and dumps.
* Combined w ith lead-zinc ore to avoid disclosing in d iv id u a l company confidential
data,
LEAD
TABLE 4.--Mine production of recoverable lead
(Short tons)
Month
1903
1904
July......................... ...............
15,476 13,180 14,772 20,786 24,083 22,322 23, 599
24,907 22,799 24,454 24.054 23,647 24.037
23,446
August. Septemb
Novemb Decemb
To
TABLE 5.--Twenty-five leading lead-producing 1964, in order of ou
Rank
Mine
District or region
State
1 Fedoral....___ .... Southeastern
Missouri.
2 Viburnum..--____ ........do..........--
3 Hunker Bill______ Coeur d'Alene.
4 Unitod States and West Mountain
Lark.
(Bingham).
Missouri.......
........ do............ Idaho............ Utah.............
5 Lucky Friday.
0 Indian Creek..
7 Star-Morning unit.
Coeur d'Alene____
Southeastern Missouri.
Coeur d'Alene....
Idaho... Missouri.
Idaho...
8 Idorado.
0 Page...
Upper San
Colorado___
Miguel.
Coeur d'Alene.... Idaho............
10 Unitod Park City.. Uintah and Blue Ledge.
11 Iron King.................. Big Bug................
Utah.... Arizona.
12 Pend Oreille.
Metaline.
Washington.
13 Mayflower Unit___ Blue Ledge.
14 Austlnvllle and
Austlnvllle.
Ivanhoe Mines.
16 Sunnyslde................. Eureka.......
Utah............. Virginia........
Colorado....
10 Eagle...................
17 Butto Hill Zlno Mines.
18 Ophlr Unit........
Red Cliff (Battle ........ do............
Mountain). Summit Valley___ Montana-----
Ophir.
Utah.
19 Keystone.
20 Emperlus_____ 21 Fairvlow-Blue
Diggings. 22 Jublloe..............
23 Slmlisburg.
24 Van Storio.
26 Dyors Hill.
Elk Mountain.
Colorado....
Creedo................--- ____do............ Upper Mississippi Illinois..........
Valley. Resting Springs... California...
Upper Mississippi Wisconsin... valley.
Northport............... Washington.
Western Ken tucky.
Kentucky...
670
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
National Lead Co. and The Bunkov Hill Co. signed an agreement for development of National Load's Higdon property, near Frodoricktown, Mo. Exploration and development was in progress, but construction schedules and production tonnages wore not announced. Ozark Mining Co., a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Corp., was actively exploring its lead ore property in the Blair Creek, Mo., area. Several other companies continued exploration of leased areas in the new lead belt which occupies an area some 30 miles long by 10 miles wide.
Production of lead in Idaho declined from 75,800 tons in 1963 to 71,300 tons in 1964. The Bunker Hill Co. lead smelter was closed for 2 weeks in August for annual overhaul and again closed for
2 weeks in mid-October due to fire damage to the Cottrell plant and baghouse. _ Construction of a new sinter handling and storage system was initiated in September. The company also began han
dling custom milling of ore from small mine operators in the area. The incentive of improved prices for lead and silver resulted in major development programs, and reactivation of lead-silver mines in Idaho by many small operators as well as the larger producing com panies. Day Mines, Inc., reactivated the Dayrock mill north of Wallace to treat ore from the reopened Monitor mine. Federal Resources Corp.'s now 300-ton-por-day mill at Bellevuo started operations in April and will process ores from the company's mines as well as from custom shippers in the area. At yearend, approxi
mately 1,200 feet remains to bo driven to complete the 17,000-foot crosscut to connect the Bunkor Ilill and Crescent mines at an eleva tion 400 feet below sea level.
Utah mine output decreased from 45,000 tons in 1963 to 40,200 tons in 1964. The following mines were significant producers in 1964: United States and Lark (United States Smelting, Refining, and Mining Co. (USSR & M Co.)), United Park City (United Park City Mines Co.), Mayflower (Hecla Mining Co.), and Ophir (USSR & M Co.). New Park Mining Co. conducted exploration work on the 2,400-foot level of the Mammoth mine about 50 miles south of Salt Lake City.
Production of lead in Colorado was essentially the same as that of 1963. The revival of small mining operations continued, assisted in part by the reopening of the Bachelor mill north of the Ouray Badger Flats mill west of Colorado Springs. Nine properties operated by the following companies produced 98 percent of the State total: Idarado Mining Co., New Jersey Zinc Co., Standard Metals Corp., Camp Bird Colorado, Inc., Emperius Mining Co., McFarland and Hulhnger, Humphreys Engineering Co., Wellington Mines Assoc., and Rico Argentine Mining Co.
Washington output increased to 5,700 tons, compared with 5,400
tons in 1963. The Pend Oreille mine, operated by Pend Oreille
Minos and Metals Co., and the Van Stone mine, operated by American
Smelting and Refining Co., were the principal producers. The
Tri-Nite Mining Co. was preparing to reopen the Schumaker mine
in Stevens County and install a concentrating plant. An opon-pit
mining operation by the Triton Mining Co. was underway at the old Castell mine.
LEAD
Arizona output increased to 6,100 tons,
of Shattuck Denn Mfining Corp. the princip
Mining Corp. completed remodeling and e
and produced a copper-lead concentrate fro
near Ruby. E. W. McFarland operated th
Cruz County and was proceeding with the
and January mines which were last opera
and Refining Co. in 1949. Montana production decreased to 4,500
decline in production by The Anaconda C
mine near Saltese was being unwatered by
after being flooded since 1918. Explorati
Cumberland mine near Lennep and at th
County. Spokane National Mines, Inc., op
mine near Dillon.
.
Reopening of the Hanover mine and
1963, along with the Dearney mine product
output to 1,600 tons from the 1,000 tons
reactivated mines include the Lynchburg
and the Princess mine in Grant County.
California output, 1,500 tons, was alm
The Santa Rosa, Defense, Jubilee, and B
County were the principal producers.
Production from the Kansas-Oklahom
district, processed principally at the Con
Eagle-Picher Co., decreased to 4,000 tons
Wisconsin area output also declined to ab
Nevada output declined to 800 tons fro
The Silver King Mines, Inc., operated its
White Pine County, and 300-ton-per-day
Ely to produce both lead and zinc conc
of the Fad shaft at Eureka was comple
underway by the Ruby Hill Mining Co.
Lead production, as a byproduct of pr
New York, North Carolina, and Virgini
Kentucky, was approximately the same
expanded production of Virginia did, ho
registered in the'other States.
SMELTER AND REFINERY P
Tho domestic production of commercial
and as antimonial (hard lead) was der sources: domestic mine production, impor
bullion, and scrap materials of domestic o operated by the following companies--Am fining Co., Tho Bunker Hill Co., St. Joseph Co., International Smelting & Refining Smelting Lead Refinery, Inc.--process o bullion, and small amounts of scrap. Sec process only lead-baso and tin-base scrap
lead predominantly in the form of antimon cation lead-base alloys and refined lead.
>72 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
perating secondary plants and reporting to the Buieau of Mines
vare listed in the Minerals Yearbook, 1963. Secondary plants in !964 produced a record 397,800 tons of refined lead and lead in
ntimonial lead and 121,900 tons of lead in other alloys. Refined lead, Primary and Secondary.--Refined lead produced
; i the United States from all sources--primary and secondary, plus
melt--totaled 598,000 tons, a 13-perccnt incrcaso in relation to io 529,300 tons produced in 1963. Primary plants produced 19,400 tons from primary materials, of which 65 percent was supplied y domestic mines. An additional 8,500 tons of refined lead was .-oduced by primary plants from scrap, in comparison with 3,700
ms in 1963 and the 2,900-ton average for the period 1955-62. econdary plants produced a record 140,700 tons of refined lead
om scrap, approximately 23 percent of the total. Remelt lead ; om all secondary materials amounted to 28,200 tons.
Antimonial lead, Primary and Secondary.--The lead content of
itimonial lead produced in tho United States totaled 279,100 tons unpared with the revised total of 254,100 tons in 1963. Secondary ant output was 257,100 tons, a record amount and 92 percent of m total. Primary plant output was 22,000 tons, of which 20 u'cent represented lead in domestic ore; 19 percent, foreign ore; id 61 percent, lead from scrap materials. Raw Material Source.--Primary lead materials smelted and refined
primary plants provided 449,400 tons of refined lead and 8,600 us of lead in antimonial load. Domestic ores contributed 65 rcent of the total, compared with 60 percent in 1963. Foreign
>d ores and bullion consumed by primary smelters provided 159,300 as, compared with 159,800 tons in 1963. Secondary lead recovered from scrap amounted to 541,600 tons, the gest yearly recovery ever recorded by the Bureau of Mines. Of
is, 149,200 tons was recovered as refined and remelt soft lead, 270,500 ns in antimonial lead, and 121,900 tons in the form of other alloys
'.hiding copper-baso and tin-baso. Scrap consumed to obtain tho id amounted to 705,200 tons, gross weight, and an avorage rocovcr-
BLE 6.--Refined lead produced at primary refineries in the United States, by source material
(Short Ions)
1955-/50
1000
1001
1902
1003
1004
(uvornge)
;incd lead: From primary sourcos: Domestic ores and baso bullion___ Foreign ores and base bullion........
3(12, 4(59 170,748
473,217 2,089
'ulated value of primary refined lead
470,200 $0.136
$128,716
228,800 153,537
382, 436 4,770
387,212 $0,117
$89,490
288,078 161,487
440. 665 1,600
451,134 $0.103
$92,610
245.045 130,418
370,003 1,842
377,905 $0,093
$69,948
239, 000 165,072
304, 732 3, 741
308. 473 $0.108
$85,202
294,254 165,175
440, 420 8, 605
457,934 $0,131
$117,760
KxciudoA vnluo of refined load produced from semp at primary roflncrlos.
LEAD
able load content of slightly less than 74 perce seated 87 percent of the total and storage batt 74 percent of the old scrap. Secondary lead rec
$142 million in comparison with $107 million in
TABLE 7--Antimonial lead produced at primary lead States
Year
Produc / tion
(short
tons)
Antimony content Lead c
Short tons
From Percent domest
ore
1956-60 (necrose)..........................
........................................................... ........................................................... ...........................................................
........................................................... 1084.................................. -..............
67,278
30,230 35.080
33,326 18,818
24,023
2,930 1,676 1,894
2,249 1,890 1,995
6.1 6.2 6.4 0.7
'10.0 8.3
7,30
1.21 12,98 14,83
'4,65 4,62
* llovlsod.
TABLE 8.--Stocks and consumption of new and old States in 1964
(Short tone, gross weight)
Class of consumors and type of scrap
Stocks Jon.1' Receipts
New scrap
Smelters and refiners: Soft lead........ -.................... Hard lead...............-.......... Cable lead.......................... Battery-lead plates.......... Mixed common babbitt.. Solder and tinny lead-- Type metals................... -- Drosses and residues------
Total.
Foundries and other manufacturers: Soft lead............................................. Hard lead.......................................... Cable load---------------- -----------------Battery-lead platos......................... Mixed common babbitt................ . Solder and tinny load................... . Type metals.................................... . Drossos and rosidues..................... .
Total..
All consumors: Soft lend.............................. Hard lead........................... Coblo lead.......................... Battery-load plates.......... Mlxod common babbitt.. Solder and tinny load-- Type metals.-................... Drosses and residues........
Grand total.
Ttovlsod.
2,968 1,132 1,339 36,266
383 402 1,687 22,484
06, 661
69,957 14,416 30.857 468,670
2,022 11,079 26,301 93,143
696, 246
91,3 01,3
130 207
21
13 114 13,939
14
14,132
3, 098 1,399 1,300 36, 2G9
497 402 1,587 22,686
60,297
60,013 14,480 30,905 468, 670 10,881 11,093 26,301 93,146
710,377
674
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
TABLE 9.--Secondary metal recovered1 from lead and tin scrap in the United
States in 1964, by type of products
`
(Short tons, gross weight)
Load
Tin Antimony Other
Total
Refined pig lead................................................. Remelt lead........................................................
Total.......................................................... Refined pig tin................................................... Remelt tin...........................................................
Total.......................................................... i/cad and tin alloys:
Cable load....... ...................... ............
Total.......................................................... Mq content o( chemical products.................
121,028 28,179 149,207
270,622 10,660 07 30,178 29,160 19,740 1,678
370,797
620,004
3,366 379
3,734
307 020 283 6,188 1,710
6 686
10,060
1,086
14,886
10,109 1,767 30 488 3,689 220 40
22,339
22,330
234 79 12 26 12
39
401
401
Most ol the figures herein represent actual reported recovery of metal from scrap.
TABLE 10.--Secondary lead recovered in the United States
(Short ton9)
121,028 28,179
149, 207
3,366 379
3,734
287, 322 22,328 392 30,879 34,401 10,978 2,243
403,003
1,085
657,629
1966-69
1960
1901
1602
1963
1964
(average)
.s motal:
At primary plants.................................... At other plants..........................................
2,989 122,966
4,776 143,443
1,669 139,100
Total.........................................................
t antimonial lead: At primary plants.................................. At other plants..........................................
126,944 . ------------
38.947 186,600
` 1148,219 140,669
20,270
8,220
179,217 197,349
Total......................................................... 226.647 206.487 205,660 i othor alloys.................................................. 118,761 110,107 100,664
Grand total: Quantity.............................................. 470,242 409,903 Value (thousands)............................. $129,298 $100,967
462,792 $93,276
1,842
3,741
110,026 130,788
8,606 140,702
118,468 234.629 149,207 -- ---------------
3,093
7,672
226,699 237,126
229,392 244,707 96,342 114,146 ----
13,421 267,101
270, 622 121,863 ------------
444,202 493,471 641,682 $82,622 $106,600 $141,894
'ABLE 11*--Lead recovered from scrap processed in the United States, by kind of scrap and form of recovery
(Short tons)
Kind of scrap
. 1903
1964
Form of recovery
1964
tv scrap: Lead-base___ Copper-base. Tin-base____
Total.
I scrap: Battery-lead plates. All other lead-base.. Copper-base____ ... Tin-base.....................
69, 677 6,094
611
66,282
272,412 135,844
18,928 6
64,876 6,490
555
71,921
304,523 144,900
20,233 6
As soft lead: At primary plants.. At other plants____
Total.
In antlmonlal lead >... In other load alloys.... In copper-base alloys.. In tin-base alloys.........
Total.............
3, 741 130,788
134,620
244,707 92,203 21,878
04
368,042
8, 606 140,702
149,207
270,622 99,168 22,618
67
392,376
Total.............
427,189 409,001
Qrand total.
403,471 641,682
Grand total..
493,471 641,682"
'_Includes 7,672 tons of load recovered lu antlmonlal lead from secondary sources at primary plants in
LEAD
CONSUMPTION AND
Consumption of lead in the United State successive year and the gain in 1964 was sumption in January was the largest mon smallest. The monthly average for the yea tons. Soft lead consumed amounted to 77 with 740,200 tons in 1963 and represents t crease. The lead in antimonial lead consu tons, slightly below the 314,400 tons in 19 sumed, lead in copper-base scrap, and lead scrap to other fabricated products increase while load used in zinc oxide and other decreased.
The use pattern reflected increased requ essentially unchanged requirements for ha comparison with 1963. Storage battery hard lead, decreased slightly and other en metal and cable covering also declined, wh a gain. Gasoline additives requiring soft l increase, about 16 percent, a record amoun end products of soft lead, such as pigment
also registered gains. Storage battery requirements totaled 42
10,000 tons less than in 1963. The Assoc facturers, Inc., reported shipments of 29.3 m batteries and total battery shipments of 38 exports, compared with shipments of 41.1
Industrial consumption of lead was wi United States. Thirteen States accounted States--New Jersey, Illinois, Indiana, a percent.
Now applications of lead in the ceramics areas, developed by research sponsored by consumers, while not individually of majo tively added to the lead consumption tonn control applications have assumed greater i through availability of thin sheets, 0.5 to which can be continuously cast and reinf compound composed of lead pellets in an rubber has found application. Solder gla percent lead oxide is of importance in sea ceramic industry is using lead compound enamels; a porcelain enamel for aluminum a high-quality product for architectural a ide-silica compound forms a high-temperat 376 tons of lead shot provides the test loa III missile system, and other applications f incorporate the high dimensional weight o
6 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19 64
TABLE 12.--Lead consumption in the United States, by products
(Short tons)
Product
1963
lal products: Ammunition.......... ............ Bearing metals....................
Brass and bronco................
Oablo covering.................... Calking lead........................ Casting metals....................
Collapsible tubes................ Foil........................................ Pipes, traps, and bends...
Sheet lead........ -.................. Boldor...... ............................. Storage batteries:
Battery grids, posts, etc....................... .
Battery oxides............. Terne metal......................... Typo motal..........................
49,894 21,713 21,943 67,707 70,308 7,866 14,832 3,952 20,100 26,495 07,940
222,280 216.796
1,083 20,009
Total..................................
.monta: White lead........................... Red,lead andllthargo...
835,878
8,846 70,049
1964
Product
1963 1964
66.493 22.764 23.328 66,226 73,628 6,901 14,904 3,976 20,480 29,606 71,186
221,694 207,764
1,609 26,374
836,871
1
8,802 74,802
Pigments--Continued Pigment colors................ Other...............................
11,767 7,813
Total...................
99,076
Chemicals: Gasoline antiknock
Miscellaneous chemlcats..
192,811 632
Total...................
193,443
Miscellaneous usos: Qalvnnitlng... ... Wolghts and ballast___
4,847
1,631 220
12,207
Total................... Other, unclassified u s o a .
18.906 10,067
Grand total ........ 1,163,368
11,921 8,111
103,636
223,466 461
223,917
6,090 1,692
179 12,760
20,230 18,484
1,202,138
: Includos lead content of leaded tine oxide and other pigments. 1 Includes lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products.
TABLE 13.--Lead consumption in the United States, by months
(Short tons)
Month
1963
1964
Month
1963
1964
mary.. hruary ; fuch__. pril____
ay.
iye..
100,789 06.023 92, GOO
95,340 98.204 94.024
85,648
107,603 94,425 92,844 98,981 98,786 102,448
91,438
August.......... September. _ October......... Novombcr... December...
Total.
93,833 94,687 111,149 101,723 99,372
1. 163,358
99,076 101,766 105,571 101,986 100,616
1,202,238
VJbfiSa "dpiSdScU?"1 Ioadod *lnc oxldo ond othcr plemcnta and load which wont directly irorn scrap
; ABLE 14.--Lead consumption in the United States in 1964, by class of products and types of material
(Short tons)
Product
iotol products... torage batteries.. fgmenta............. Chemicals____ ... Hscellaneous...' 'ncJawifled..........
Total..
'5SSfS ffiTS
sort
Lead in
antlmonlal lead
Lead In alloys
Load In copper-base
scrap
Total
208,440 216,394 99,713 223,916
10,617 15,787
773,706
88,061 214,604
233 2
8,868 2,257
49,694
17,867
..................... .....................
10 643
313,916
60,247
17,857
363.962 429,898 99,946 223,917
19,386 18,687
11,166,786
fobr,C8tcd product3 and 3'000 *TM o( -d
LEAD
TABLE 15.--Lead consumption in 1
(Short tons)
State
Refined soft lead
Load In antlmonl
lead
Ohio....................................................................... Total...........................................................
74,700 1,661
13,663 123
6,341 33.743 86,274 68,417 8,213
3,134 6,294 6,145 17,042 21,963 6, 048 133,401 36,260 12,607 60,206 1,370
191 2,717 8,204 16,912 1,973
679 3,390
460 2,050 135,167 10,162 6,101
412 123
773,760
26,40 2,20 11,90
4,06 10,8 43,70 42,2 9,09 4,26 16,3 3,69 19,07
4,2 9
19,8 8,8 6,9 30,2
4 7,3 1,1
8 6,3 3,6 1,3 2.9 2,8 8,0 14,6
3,6 8,9
313.9
) Excludes 42,663 tons of load which went directly from scrap to contained in loaded zinc oxide and other nonspecifled pigments.
LEAD PIGMENTS
The lead content of pigments produced b amounted to 300,900 tons, a slight increase tons produced in 1963. Refined pig lead the small amount used in leaded zinc oxi oxides) represented 57 percent of the lead about 31 percent. Production of basic lea and lead silicate, a derivative of litharge, is
Consumption and Uses, White lead.-- both as dry and in oil, declined, althoug turers continued at approximately the sa quirements for paint continued to decli ceramics and other uses, including chem and stabilizers, was significantly higher.
Red Lead.--Production and shipments increase. Requirements of the paint indus were well above the amount required in re lubricants, petroleum, rubber, and miscell creased and remained approximately 50 pe
678
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
Litharge.--Production of litharge increased about 6 percent and slightly exceeded shipments, in contrast to tho large, Btock drawdown in 1963. Ceramics, the largest individual use, required 21 percent of
the total. To avoid disclosing company confidential data, about 65 percent of the litharge shipped is incorporated into tho classification "Other." Production of high lead oxide used by battery manufac turers and known as "black oxide" declined about 3 percent from the 1963loutput.
Prices.--Prices of lead pigments and oxides advanced in accordance with the advance in the price of lead. The quoted price of white lead
in carload lots, freight allowed, advanced from the 17.75 cents per pound established on September 9, 1963, to 19 cents on February 3 and to 20.5 cents on November 2. The average value per ton at plant was $383 dry and $519 in oil. Red lead, quoted at 16.75 cents per pound, f.o.b. works, in less than carload lots, at the beginning of the year, advanced to 17.75 cents on September 7, to 18.75 cents on October 19, and to 19.75 cents on December 28. The average value per ton at plant was $327. Litharge price held at 16.25 cents per pound, f.o.b. works, in less than carload lots, until October 19, when a 1-cent increase became effective followed by additional 1-cent in
creases on October 26 and December 28 and ayearend price of 19.25 cents per pound. The average value per ton at plant was $308.
Total value of shipments of white lead, red lead, and litharge was $46.4 million in comparison with $38.2 million in 1963.
Foreign Trade.--Litharge imports constituted 81 percent of the total lead pigments and compounds, and receipts were about 2,700 tons less than in 1963. Increased tonnages of white lead and red lead were received and the total imports of lead pigments and compounds was about 8 percent less than those received in 1963. Exports amounted to 2,600 tons in the form of pigments and lead arsenate.
The value of imports was $5.2 million; exports were valued at $0.9 million.i * * 4
TABLE 16.--Production and shipments of lead pigments1 and oxides in the United States
1963
1904
Pigment
Produc tion
(short tons)
Shipments
Short tons
Value *
Total
Aver
age per ton '
Produc tion
(short tons)
Shipments
Short tons
Value
Total
Aver
age por ton
White lead: Dry....................... In oil...................
Total................. Red lead.___ _ Litharge...... ............... Black oxide...........
10,239 3.758
13,997 26.780 93,968 182,934
10, 076 $3,688,466 6,327 2,485,387
15,402 6,173,823 26,246 7,391,928 103,834 24,672,270
$366 407
401 282 238
0,298 3,298
12,696 27,812 100,230 178,038
10,432 $3,097,056 6,014 2,600,233
16,440 6.597, 289 28,090 9,172,654 99,393 30,653,873
$383 619
427 327 308
i Except for basic lead sulfate, figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data. > At plant, exclusive of container.
> Corrected figures.
4 Weight oI white lead only, but value of paste.
LEAD
TABLE 17.--Lead content of lead and zinc pigme by domestio manufacturers, b
(Short tons)
1003
Pigment
Lead In pigments produced from--
Ore Domestic Foreign
Pig lead
Total lead In pigments
Leadod zinc oxide... Total.................
1,566 1,656
11,108 11,198 23,370 23,370 87,381 87,381 176,005 176,006 809 2,424
869 296,964 290,378
i Excludes lead la basla load sulfate; figures withheld to avoid d data.
TABLE 18.--Distribution of white lead (dry and i
Industry
1966-69 (average)
1960
1961
Other.............................................. Total .............................
22,486
^ -4 111
14,146 219
3, 678
17,942
12,0 3.9 16,2
i Excludes basic lead sulfate; figures withheld to avoid disclosi * Figures for plasticizers and stabilizers withheld to avoid di
data.
TABLE 19.--Distribution of red lead sh
(Short tons)
Industry
1966-69 (average)
1960
1961
Paints...................--.......... Storago battorics......................... Ceramics............................... ....... Other........................ ......... ...........
Total...................................
14,091
8
li, 637
26,628
12,903 (,)3Z8 9,400
22,631
12,
'L
22,
i Included with "Other."
TABLE 20.--Distribution of litharge sh
(Short tons)
Industry
1965-59 (average)
1960
1961
Ceramics......................... .. Chrome pigments........... ......... Floor covering....______..... Insecticides. Oil refining.. Rubber................... ................--Storage batteries.............. Varnish_____________ Other.....-------- --------------- ------
Total...................................
1 Includod with "Other.
o A 390
((>')) 3,286 1,713 ()
3,990 103,621
117,000
16,763
1,
2,371 1,373 (>) 3,471 76,672
98,640
14,
1
2, 1
77 98
680
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
TABLE 21.--U.S. imports for consumption oflead pigments and compounds
Kind
White lead.................................................................... Red lead.......................................... ...................... Litharge........................................................................ Other lead pigmonts.................................................. Other lead compounds..............................................
Total...................................................................
Souroe: Bureau of the Census.
1003
Short tons
Valuo (thousands)
2,434 1,171 22,440
12 238
20,206
$640 108
3,602 0 62.
.4,400
1004
Short tons
Value (thousands)
2.074 1,013 10,703
6 196
24,250
$748 861
4,001
01
6,174
TABLE 22.--U.S. exports of lead pigments and compounds
Kind
Lead Dlements >................ . .
....
Lead arsenate.................................................
Total..................................................
1 Includes white lead, red load, and litharge. Source; Bureau of tho Consus.
1063 1964
Short tons
Value
Short tons
Value
1,846 401
2,246
$620 136
766
1,680 030
2,610
$008 278
886
STOCKS
The high level of demand for lead and the shortage of foreign and domestic concentrates for smelting resulted in a continued define in stocks at primary plants. Stocks of refined lead amounted to 48,800 Lons at the beginning of the year and decreased to 34,100 tons at ycarond. Lead iti antimonial lead decreased from 7,900 tons to 4,000 tons. Total yearend stocks representing physical inventories at pri mary plants regardless of ownership, but not including material in i'vocess or in transit, were 84,400 tons, a decline of 36,400 tons. The
iost recent comparable low for stocks was in 1955 when yearend Locks totaled 89,400 tons.
Stocks reported by the American Bureau of Metal Statistics indi cate an additional 21,600 tons of lead in base bullion in process or m transit to primary plants and about 30,900 tons of lead in ores and matte in process. Total stocks of lead in metal and primary materials was thus 141,900 tons in comparison to 166,900 tons at tho end of 1963.
Consumer and secondary smelter stocks of lead declined from 119,900 tons to 113,400 tons at yearend. About 61 percent of the stocks was refined lead and 31 percent was antimonial lead, a slightly higher percentage of refined lead than held in recent years.
As of Docombor 31, 1964, tho total lead inventory in all Govern ment stockpiles was 1,338,130 tons, indicating a delivery of 40,270 tons of lead pursuant to the sale in August under Public Law 88-373.
LEAD
TABLE 23.--Stocks of lead at primary smelters States, Bee. 31
(Short tons)
Btocks
1066-69 (average)
1900
Roflnod pig load........................... .................... Lead in antlmonlnl load.................................. Load In boso bullion........................................ Load In ore and matte(....................................
Total.........................................................
82,017 10,816 11,681 42,741
147,164
148,416 10, 483 20,026 66,219
260,142
* Revised.
TABLE 24.--Consumer stocks of lead in the Uni material
(Short tons, lead conten
Year
Refined soft lead
Ant monl
lead
1900 1902
................................................................... ...................................................................
49,726 66,961
61,121
71,658 69,361
39, 33, 34, 40,
36,
PRICES
Tho year opened with the quoted price o per pound at New York. The price adv on January 2, to 13 cents and held until 13 to 14 cents existed until firmed at 14 October 14 an increase to 15 cents was an 10 a range of 15 to 16 cents existed until fi ing day. The price of 16 cents held thro The average New York price for the year
TABLE 25.--Average monthly and yearly quot New York, and Lond
(Cents per pound)
Month
1963 St. Louis New York Londo
December..................................... Avorage.............................
10.12 10. 30 10.30 10.30 10.30 10. 62 10.88 11.16 11.44 11.76 11.96 12.30
10.94
10.32 10.60 10.60 10. 60 10.50 10.72 11.08 11.36 11.64 11.95 12.16 12. 60
11.14
I St. Louis: Metal Statistics, 1965. p. 447. Now York: Meta
Metal and Mineral Markets.
'
j Based on monthly rates of exchange by Federal Resorve Boa
788-779--65---------- <4
682
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
Quotation on the London Metal Exchange gradually climbed from
a low of 70.88 per long ton in January (equivalent to 9.6 cents per pound, U.S. currency, computed on the averago monthly rate of ex
change) to a high of 154 (19.2 cents) on December 15 and closed the year at 122 (15.2 cents). The average for the year was 12.6 cents per pound (U.S. equivalent).
FOREIGN TRADE
Receipts of lead materials as general imports amounted to 341,000 tons, a 12-percent decrease, and continued the decline in imports initiated in 1962. Primary materials for domestic smelting and refin ing totaled 128,100 tons, 16-percent less than had been received in 1963. Imports of metal amounted to 207,800 tons, an 8-porcent decrease; scrap receipts also decreased. Imports for consumption of materials for domestic processing totaled 135,100 tons and imports of metal amounted to 211,140 tons. The primary raw materials entered under the quota amounted to 90 percent of tho allowable limitation for the year, while the quota for lead metal was essentially filled in each quarter. Imports for consumption of scrap decreased as did semifabricated products such as sheet, pipe, and shot.
The major suppliers of ore in descending order of importance were Peru, Republic of South Africa, Canada, Australia, Bolivia, and Mexico. Mexico supplied 34 percent of the metal, followed by Australia, Canada, Yugoslavia, and Peru.
TABLE 20,--U.S. imports 1 of lead, by countries
(Short tons)
Country
1956-69
1900
1961
1962
1903
(average)
Ore, flue dust, and matte Bead content): North America:
Honduras...______ __
.
Other..................................................
Total............................................
South America:
Chile.......................................... Colombia..........................................
Other................................................
Total........................... ............ Europe.........................................................
Asia:
Total.................................................
Africa:
.
Other.....................................................
Total...............................................
Total ore, flue dust, and matte.
28.694 6,260 3,180 2.436 1.128
40, 687
16,049 208 682
52,537 308
68,784 161
1,424 202
1,026
41,369 6
41,204 29,950
182,668
20,473 1.809 4,900 1,249
34,437
9,021 1,283
705 30, 300
103
47,412 222
228 604
732
39, 362 6,238
44. 590 18, 299
146, 692
34,361 9,817 6,612 1,100
60,856
11,370 610 722
28,970
41,672 300
238
238
34, 089
34,089 20,031 147,186
27,728 2,135 4,965 1,180
36,008
8, 242 430
32,999
41, 080 280
57 181 238
33,881
33,881 20,644 138,631
23,034 305
0,809 1,071
31,819
9. 791 6
43,960
63,760
23 241 207
34,273
34,273 27,033 147,742
See footnotes at end of table.
1904
27, 951 5
6, 376 1,069
35,400
6,073
28,243
34,316
68 117 176
34,080
34,080 19,280 123,267
LEAD
TABLE 26.--U.S. Imports 1 of lead, by
(Short tons)
Country
1955-69 (average)
I960
Base bullion (load content): North America................. South America.................. Europe............................... Asia...................................... Oceania................... ............
Total base bullion.
Pigs and bars (lead content): North America: Canada........................ Moxlco..................... ....... Other.............................
Total.
South America: Peru............. Other.......
Total.
Europo: Belglum-Luxembourg.. Denmark_____ ________ Germany, West_______ Spain. United Kingdom. Yugoslavia_______ Other............. .........
Total________ Asia_______________ Africa............. ............ Oceania: Australia..
Total pigs and bars.
Reclaimed, scrap, etc. (lead content): North America: Canada........ ............................... . Mexico................. ........................... Other.......... ........................... ..
Total.
South Araorlca: Peru............... Venezuela.... Other_______
Total.
Europe: Belglum-Luxembourg.. Denmark......................... Germany, West.............. Netherlands___________ Other................... ..........
Total________ Asia.......................... . Oceania: Australia..
Total reclaimed, scrap, etc..
Grand total................. ...........
15 116
(')
254 39
32, 348 96,621
65
129,034
26,088 09,930
0
96.027
32,966 350
26,107 26,197
2,133 2,473 1,646 8,820 2,530 36,808
349
54,818 11
7,633 71,778
290, 600
610
661 4,115
7 30,027
1,388
36,698
1,328 46,783
206,033
4,043 4,327
849
4,059 1,054
160
103 877 36
140 273 104
54 156
725 14
2,002
13,070
402,306
6 6 2,366
7,638
369,666
'Data are general imports; that Is, thoy Include load Imported entering the country under bond.
1 Less than H unit.
Source: Bureau of the Consus.
684
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
TABXE 27.--U.S. imports for consumption *1 of lead, by countries
(Short Urns)
Country
1065-60
1000
1001
1062 1003
1001
(avorago)
Ore, flue dust, and matte (load contont): North America:
Other....................................................
Total.................................................
Booth America;
Chile..................................................... Colombia............................................
Other....................................................
Total............................................ Europe........................................................
Asia:
Other...................................................
. Africa;
Other........... ............ .........................
Total.................................................
Oceania:
Other..................................................
Total................................................
Total ore, flue dust, and matte..
Base bullion (lead content):
South America........................... ..
Europe_______
Oceania__________
..
.
PIg and bars (lead content): North America:
Other.................................................... Total...............................................
South America: Other................................................... Total.................................................
Europe: Belgfum-Luiornbourg...................... Denmark.............................................
United Kingdom..............................
Sec footnotes at end of table.
31,046 6) 162 3,410 2,004 1,003
44.234
16,420 2,114
600 60,410
,294
74,934 30
100 1,604 .. ..
30,120 371
39.600
30,977 32
31,000 101,301 .. .
80
101
32, 337 93,893
62
120, 282
32,956 340
33,304
1,802 1,448 1, 607 8. 240 2, 484
27,044 1,619 4,467 948
34,803
10,681 27
628 33,671
103 44,910 (')
427 014
30, 784 6,238
30,022
20,894
20,804 137,303 ~~ " '
39
203
26,164 73,748
29 99.931
26,107
26,197
1,733 88 064
0,060 133
31.430 6,627 4,803 1,000
42,820
10, 470 401 614
32,318
43,703
380
380 1 "1 20,730
20, 730
20,132
20,132 130,780
< )
236
64, 902 71,289
6 126,197
26,196
26,195
41 911 8,775
16
20, 623
4.691 5,969
1,899
' 30,037 387
li 850
27,973 8 409
42,072 ' 41,80G
34,926
7,479
480 32,327
3
' 220
10,065 95
17 200
8,373 32,314 40,087
111 31 223
80 121
111 264 " -- --------s --
29,760 20,740
29, 700
20, 768
20,027 21,266
22,488
20,027
133,080 '135,446 --
2,078
604
864 3
1,937
2,083
3, 768
128,007
3,094 660
66,807 68,147
124,054
22,103 22,103
22, 224 36
22,269
1,086
014 3,068
4,300
677 7,713 1, 402
30,777 72,078
45
4,376 700
3, 092 847
1,007
LEAD
TABLE 27.--U.S. imports for consumption 1 of le
(Short tons)
Country
1966-50
I960
(average)
Bigs and bars (load content)--Continued Europe--Continued
30,797 997
63,434
Africa:
11
7,408 466
Total
.............................
7.864 71,661
292, 456
Reclolmod, scrap, oto. (load contont): North America:
4,044 4,802
880
Total..................................................
9,732
South America:
140 377
41
Total................................................
667
Europe:
140
273 160 64 100
Total..................................................
817 13
Oceania;
1,660 11
1,671
12,700
Sheets, pipe, and shot: North America:
263 4
2,690
Total..................................................
2,947 1.423 <')
4,370
Grand total..................................................... 600,028
30,169 1,877
40,700
1,243 460
1, 703 45,816 213,347
4,053 1,189
220 6, 402
1 16 16 6
116
116 6,698
213
213 2,641
1 2,856 360,300
r Rovlsod. 1 Excludos imports for manufacture In bond and export, classifi Bureau of the Conaus. * Less than M unit.
Source: Bureau of the Census.
686
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
TABLE 28.--U.S. imports for consumption of lead, by classes
Year
Lead in ore, flue dust or fume, and
mnttos, n.s.p.f. (lead content)
Lead In base bullion (load contont)
Pigs and bars (load contont)
Short Value Short Value Short Value
tons (thou* tons (thou* tons (thou
sands)
sands)
sands)
Reclaimed,
Sheots,
scrap, otc.
pipe,
Not
(load
and other
content)
shot
wise
speci
fied
valuo
Short Valuo Short Valuo (thou
tons (thou tons (thou sands)
sands)
sands)
Total value
(thou sands)
1966-60
(average). 191,301 1000............. 137,303 1001............. 130,780 1002............. 133,080 1903............. '136,446 1904............. 128,067
$46,771
27,810 24,332 21,003 '21,634
21,789
101
203 230 2,083
3,768 7,043
$36 62 6! 710 1,702
2,068
202,460
213,347 247,427 267,860
220,308 211,140
$72,303
46,006 46,881 41, 670 '40,126
46,700
12,700
6,608 8,804 2,078 16,405
1,007
$2,717 1,034
692 200
2,000
360
4,370
2,856 2,846 2, 270
2,429 1,623
$1,076 000 041 474
613
300
$348 $122,339 710 76,383 607 72,304 078 66,004 702 ' 66,706 713 71,069
' Revised. u rEexaculundfethsAImCpAonratnsafor consumption In bond and export, classified as "Imports for consum*ption" bJv tvhuev
Source: Bureau of the Census.
TABLE 28.--U.S. imports for consumption of miscellaneous products containing lead
Year
Babbitt metal, solder, white metal, and other combinations
containing lead
Cross weight
(short tons)
Lead content (short
tons)
Valuo (thou sands)
Type metal and aotlmonlal lead
Cross wolght (short tons)
Load contont
(short
tons)
Valuo (thou
sands)
1066-60 (average).........................
I960................................................ 1061............. ;................................. 1002................................................ 1003................................................. 1004...............................................
6,196 9, 274 7,930
2, 438 2, 636
3,425
2,342
1,612 1,400 1,030 1,240 1,610
$5,067 10,024
14,207
3,443 3, 207
6, 786
8.036 4.600
0, 430 8,676
3, 747 NA
7, 223
3,016
6, 706 7,612 1 3,196
NA
$2,212
070 1,340
1,303 1 621 NA
NA Notavollablo.
Due to changes In classification, offectlvo Sept. 1, 1063. data no longer separately classified. Januarv-
usust data tabnlatAn.
Source: Bureau of tho Census.
LEAD
TABLE 30.--U.S. exports of lead
(Short tons)
Destination
1055-60 (avorago)
Oro, motto, baao bullion (lead content):
North America:
16 843
803
Asia.'................................................. ........... ..................
6 37
Total, ore, matte, base bullion Pigs, bars, anodes:
900 . ..--- - - -- B
Canada___ _______________________________ Othor.............................................. -........................
60
42
14 90
Total..................................................................... Europe..................................... -.....................................
216 171 642
Asia: Philippines............................................................. Other........................................ -...................... ...
607 326
642 203
Total..................................................................... Oceania...---------- ----------------------------------------------
1,707 2
Total pigs, bars, anodes........ ................................
2,697
North America..............................................................
6 ( )
Belglum-Luxembourg........... .............................. Germany, West-------------- -----------------------------
United Kingdom.................................-...............
Total...................................................................
166 333
19 371 491
00
1,406
Other_______________________________________ Total..................................................................... Total scrap.......................................................... Grand total...___ ________________________
162 w
162
1,632
6,235
1 In addition foreign lead was reexported as follows: Ore. matte 1060-04 none. Pigs, bars, anodes, 1056-60 (average) 01 tons; 1000 4,307 tons. Scrap, 1066-69 (average) 2 tons; 1000-64, none.
> Less than H unit.
Source: Bureau of the Census.
688
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
WORLD REVIEW
World mine production of lead in 1964 declined to less than 2.7 million tons: decreases were indicated for South America, Europe, and, especially, Africa. Smelter production increased for all areas ex cept Africa and Australia. Lead consumption, according to the American Bureau of Metal Statistics, continued to increase substan tially with the 1964 free world above 2.3 million tons, a gain of some 374,000 tons or 19 percent since 1959.
Demand for lead metal and, especially, for lead in concentrates con tinued strong throughout the year and the average monthly London Metal Exchange price for lead increased each month to a high of 139.2 in December. New York prico likewise increased from 12.5 cents at the close of 1963 to 16 cents per pound at the close of 1964. World producer stocks, as published by the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, declined from 228,000 tons to 185,000 tons. Of this Europe held 50,000 tons; the United States, 50,000; and other countries, 85,000.
The strong demand and price of lead, along with improvement in market for associated metals, induced a substantial increaso in explora tion, development, and planned expansion of old mines and construc tion of new plants throughout the world. Some additional lead from these projects will be forthcoming in 1965, but the major increases will not become available until after mid-1966. .
TABLE 31,--World mine production of lead (content of ore) recoverable where indicated, by countries 12
(Short tons)
Country
1955-60
I960
(average)
1961
1962
1963
1904 *
North America:
Cuba......................................................... Greenland................................................... Guatemala*..............................................
1 180, 206 73
8,027 8.361 3,042
224, 409 310, 400
* 205, C50
7, 036 0, 432 6,913 210,177 246,609
* 182, 657
10,104 9,468 0,702 199,877 261,921
* 211,321
891 1,067 0,622 213, 074 236, 966
198, 988
826 10,913 209, 426 263,369
Total......................................................... 744,203 085, 470 670,679 609,831 673, 620
South Amortca:
Brail)
...............................
Chile.........................................................
Colombia (U.S. Imports)........................
Eouador.....................................................
30, 764 23, 680
0, 200 3,317
C8L 118
139,651
29, 432 23,010
12, 200 2,004
705 119
145,097
31,300 22, 403 16,400 2, 252
722 122
150,363.
32, 000
20, 601 10,800 1,003
430 137
141,200
28,001 22, 220 10, 200
067 9
170
163, 468
204,610 213,867 222,668 213,379 235, 030
Europo: Bulgaria.................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
6. 001 70,618
6,768 02,341
0. 061
6,856
88,229 104, 068
6, 604 97, 005
< 200, 369
`220 500 187,346 280,010
680, 434
28, 204 10,401 M0, 200 1,230
163 164, 608
232,840
6,727 100, 641
LEAD
TABLE 31.--World mine production of lead (co indicated, by countries13--
(Short tons)
Country
1956-60 (average)
1900
Europe--Conllnuod Chechoslovakia ........................................ Finland..................................................... i_ Franco........................................................... Germany: West........................................................ Greece...........................................................
Norway...,................... .......... ................
U.S.S.R.**.................................................. Yugoslavia..................................................
Total .......................................................
0. 600 1.028 13,289
7, 300 70, 310 8,731
1,808 68,118
1,409 37,010
1,100 13.000 72,327 42, 334 310,000 0.607 00,101
827,300
7,200 1,766 20, 461
7,700 64,619 10,141
1,48 64. 62
2, 78 43, 211
34 13,20 80,36 60, 96 360,000 1,649 100, 66
908,000
Japan.............................................................
South..................... ................................ Philippines.................. ............................... Turkey..........................................................
Total *.......................................................
10,031 49,600
3.800 18.600 36, 290
41.000 963
1,623 3,223 2,216
176,300
19, 07 88,00
4, 99 16,60 43, 67
65,00 1,01 13 2,02 1,83
232,10
Alfiorfa......................................... ................ Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville)........ Morocco................................ -.................. South Africa, Republic of.......................
Tunisia.........................................................
Zambia *..................... .................................
11,602
3. 609 100, 048
309 681 87.983
6,320 25, 306
110
331
16,606
11,52 4, 74 104. 44
22 13 71,64 0.92 19,98
8 10,16
Total.......................................................... 261, 704 235,77 Oceania: Australia................... ....................... 362,208 346,14
World total *........ ......................... ......... 2,666,000 2,620, 00
Estimate. p Preliminary. > Data dorlvod In part from unltod Nations Statistical Yea Metal Statistics, nod annual Issues of tho Statistical Summary
Survoys, London), and Motal Statistics (Metallgesollschaft) G ^ This table Incorporates some revisions. Data do not add
whero estimated figures are Included In the detail. 9 Recoverable. < Data for 1901,1902, 1003. and 1004 not strictly comparablo t
* Avorngo annual production 1906-69. Exports. ' 1903 data. > Smelter production. * Year ended March 21 of year following that staled. Includes lead content oflead-vanadium concentrates.
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19 6 4
CONSUMPTION OF SLAB ZINC, BY GEOGRAPHIC AREAS
,io Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois accounted for 50 percent Ue slab zinc used in galvanizing. The iron and steel industry used
to galvanize steel sheets, wire, tube, pipe, cable, chain, bolts, vay-signal equipment, building and pole-line hardware, and other
onnccticut again ranked first in consuming slab zinc in brass
mg, followed by Illinois and Michigan.
.
ichigan led in the consumption of slab zinc in making zinc-base ys. Other large consuming States were Illinois, Ohio, New York,
Indiana.
ABLE 19.__Reported slab zino consumption In the United States In 1984, by industries and States
(Short toas)
State
Galvantiers I Brass mills * I Die casters * Other*
Total
in... BOS.. into. k Io . 'OtlCUt.. are____
ncky. Inna..
`mud......... chusetls. 'sim.......... 'sota.. Ti^pl.
I lampshlro. Iersoy............ York............ Carolina...
noma..
`ylvonU. 'o Island... t Carolina., bssee.......... .
ila............. lugton___ Virginia... ns In......... . attributed..
Total
35,245 W
28.635 W
3,340 W W W W
45,913 GO, 039
W
W
Ww
w 3,809
W 2,301
W 5,379
W
3,025 5,586
W 91.071
2,916 W
70,004 IV W W
14, 423 W 180 W
11,607 2,004
65,927
453,531
W 1,715
W 43,460
W
18,199 W w W
2,326 14,608
W
I\Vv
0, ono
w w
w
w 45, 928 132,378
10,068
Ww ww
w 76,453 38,683
w
133,172
8,206
w
65, 483 W
75,109 W
23, 040
7,215 95,223 623,162
W W W 697
W 21,403
W W
w
Wwww
08, 070 80,770
30,328 W
W 42,016
W 49, 709
W 2,912
W
Ww
100,968 122,476
1,846 W W
1,606 W
33,719
8,198 154.071
2,301
W 14,803
1,889 W
28.977 78,008
W 170,078
6,727 637
134,000 702 W
2,138 47,340
W 1,120 1,444 12, 170 16, 745 60, 763
1,199,831
Withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data; Included with " Undistributed.'
eludes brass mlUs,.brass Ingot makers, and brass foundries. dudes producers of tino-base alloy for dlecastlngs. stamping dies, and rods. eludes slab tine used In rolled tlno products and in tine oxide. eludes remelt tine.
ZINO
ZINC PIGMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Production. Output of zinc pigments and compo lithopone, increased to the highest level since 1959. crease was accounted for by the highest output of lead since 1955 and a record production of zinc sulfate. Z rose 3 percent, while leaded zinc oxide declined, conti ward trend during the past 17 years.
TABLE 20. Production and shipments of zino pigments and United States
1903
Pigment or compound
Produc tion (short tons)
Shipments
Short tons
Value *
Total
Aver,
age per ton
Produc tion (short
tons)
Sho tons
Zinc oxide*.. . .
157,371 162, 271 $37. 747, 269
Leaded zinc oxide Zinc chloride, 60 B *
16,060 15,473 3,608,621
49,728 60,622
W
Zinc sulfate................ ' " 40,109 40, 111 6, 460,019
$233
227 W
136
163,305 12,237 60, 977
46,314
174,30 13,61 49, 62
46,60
aTold 2lscloslng individual company confidential data.
* VaYue atV!^
8T0ld Closing Individual company con
! Tins.jXl.de.conWni.1l5 5 P6TM?1 W more lead Is classed as leaded line oilde. Includes cine chloride equivalent of zinc ammonium chloride and ohromated zin
Pigments and compounds were made from variou materials, including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and residue
ducing zinc pigments and compounds numbered 16 fo for zinc sulfate, 8 for zinc chloride, and 1 for lithopone.
TABLE 21.
Zino content of zino pigments 1 and compounds prod
manufacturers, by souroet
(Short tons)
1963
Pigment or compound
Zinc In pigments and com pounds produced from--
Ore
Domes For tic eign
Slab tlno
Sec ondary
mate rial
Total zinc In
Zinc in plgmont pounds produc
Pig
ments
and Ore
com pounds
S
Domes For
tic eign
Zinc oxide..................... 05,246 Leaded zinc oxide___ 6.105
Total pigments. 70, 410
Zinc chloride . .
Zinc sulfate.. ....
W
16.260 16,037 4,087
20,337 16,037 W
W
28,020 126,658 9,262
28,020 134,610 11,130 11,130
W 13,372
70,728 4,714
76,442
W
13,487 19 2,780
16,267 19
W
I'wfiR1!6 WJthheldto
^disclosing Individual company confidential data,
dota Ud* t,n08ulflde and Bthopone; figures withheld to avoid disclosing individual
Includes sine cootent of slno ammonium ehJoride and ohromated slno chloride.
1188
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
Lead-free Bine oxide was made by several processes; 66 percent was made from ores and residues by the American process, 19 percent from metal made by the French process, and 15 percent from scrap residues and secondary materials by other processes. Traded Bine oxide was made from ores, zinc chloride was made from slab zinc and secondary /,inc materials, and zinc sulfate was made from ores and secondary
1,1'Four1 grades of leaded zinc oxide, classified according to load con
tent. were produced. The more than 5 to 35 percent grade constituted most of the production. Relatively small quantities of the 5 percent or less, the more than 35 to 50 percent, and over 50 percent grades
V6Litliopone, a coprecipitate of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, was
produced, but figures are withheld to avoid disclosing individual
company confidential data.
.^
Consumption and Uses.--Shipments of lead-free zinc oxide weie 174,
300 tons, 7 percent greater than in 1963. The quantity received by the
rubber, paint, and ceramic industries accounted for 77 percent of the
The paint industry received 96 percent of the 13,600 tons of leaded
` Lithopone was used in paint, varnish and lacquer, coated fabrics
and textiles, rubber, and floor covering.
..
The principal uses of zinc chloride were for battery making, galva
nizing, vulcanizing fiber, preserving wood, and refining oil, as well as for fungicides, solder and timing fluxes.
The chief uses of zinc sulfate were in rayon and agriculture. Other uses were in glue manufacture, flotation reagents, rubber, and
11 Prices^--Prices for lead-free zinc oxides advanced 0.50 cent in May
and 0.75 cent in October. Yearend quotations in cents per pound in carlots. freight allowed, was 14.75 cents for American-process zinc oxide, and quotations for Green-seal and White-seal French-process zinc
TABLE 22.__Distribution of zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxide shipments, by industries
(Short tons)
Industry
1955-69
1960
1961
1662
1963
1964
(average)
.Inc oxide: Rubber..................................... -............. Paints................................................. ...
Coated fabrics and textiles 1............... Floor coverings......................................
Total.....................................................
; .o&dod zinc oxide: Paints....................................................... Rubber.................................................... } Other__*..................................................
Total................................................. -
79,313 33.213
9,763 5. 657 1,429 23,723
152, 998
25,336 653
26,088
76,120 31,610
9,840 1,331 1,316 25, 661
144,77S
17,618 1,662
10,278
71,634 30,405 10,058
1,185 1,174 30,852
145,208
16,633 1,474
18,007
80, 247 31,381 11,092
202 457 31,470
164,849
14,959 735
15, (104
82, 770 34,382
9,381 (*) 35, 732
162,271
14,899 674
15, 473
63,568 31,178
9,447 (*)
438 39,674
174,303
13,124 489
13,613
i Figure, for tine o.lde used for rcyon oro withhold to ovoid disclosing Individual compony-eonddentlol
5ata.
.
* Included with "Other."
zin c
o x k Io wero 16.50 and 16.75 cents, respectively. Load
grade advanced 0.325 and 1.125 ce quotation of 15.75 cents.
Zinc chloride (50 Baume) was quoted at 5.25 cents September when it increased to 5.55 cents, where it r balance of the year. Zinc sulfate (Monohydrate, 36 than carlots was quoted at 9.50 coats per pound throu
foreign Trade. A substantial reduction in imports o ceecied increases for zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, and o resulting in a 25-percent decline for all zinc pigments
TABLE 23. Distribution of zinc sulfate shipments, by i
(Short tons)
Year
Ra yon
Cross U'olghl
Dry basis
Agriculture
Cross wolglit
Dry basis
Other
Grew weight
Dry basis
1965-69 (avorago)....... 1960................ / 1981............................. 1902.................... 1963............................. 1904......................
19,615 16,727 12,284
W w
18,006
17,460 14,097
W W 16,103
8,309 4,320 5,673
7,231 3,848 5,086 7,313
9,407
9,807
4,934 8,146
22,087
17,292
3,99 7,88 9,92
20,36 23,07 11,23
W Figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company coufldeutlal data. In
TABLE 24.--D.S. imports for consumption of zino pigments
Kind
Zinc oxide................ Zinc sulfide...................... LtthODone......... Zinc arsenate_____ Zinc sulfate...... Zinc cyanide.............. Zinc compounds. n.s.D.f.
Total......................
- Revised. 1 Less than unit. Source; Bureau of (he Census.
1063 Short tons Value S
(thousands)
"" " '
............ '' "
(0 036 lie
() 140
-2,964
TABLE 25.--U.S. exports of zino pigments
Kind
Zinc oxide. . . Lithopone.................
Total................ Source; Bureau of (he Census.
1063
Short tons Value Sh (thousands)
'
2,062 830
3,801
8827 136 903
1190
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1964
Canada and Mexico supplied 39 and 38 percent, respectively, of the
zinc oxide imports.
Exports of zinc oxide declined 18 percent, with shipments to 40
countries. Litliopone exports increased by 41 percent, with Viet-Nam
receiving 65 percent of the total.
'
STOCKS
Stocks of slab zinc at producer plants were 47,900 tons at the begin
ning of the year; they declined to a low of 26,000 tons at the end of
July and then increased to 31,200 tons by December 31, the lowest
yearend stocks recorded since 1951.
:
TABLE 26.--Stocks of zino at zinc-redaction plants In the United States, Dec. 31
(8hort tons)
1000 1901 1662 1903 1904
178.206 7,67 3
186,882
143,404 3,303
140,887
142,069 2,087
144, 746
40,374 1,636
47,910
30, 680 498
31,178
Stocks of slab zinc at consumer plants of 97,500 tons at the start of the year were drawn down about 8,000 tons by the end of August, followed by at generally upward trend resulting in yearend stocks of
107,500 tons.
TABLE 27.--Consumer stocks of slab zinc at plants, Dec. 31, by industries
(Short tons)
Dale
Qalvaniters
Brass mills 1
Zinc diocasters 1
Zinc
rolling mills
Oxide plants
Other
Total
Dec. 31,1903........................... Dec. 31,1964...........................
66,898 63,870
' 9,939 11,981
' 23,227 34,802
4,849 3,635
' 234 282
' 3,328 * * 97,476 3,008 107,478
f Revised.
1 Includes brass mills, brass ingot makers, and foundries. * Includes producers of r.lnc-b&se alloy for diocasMngs, stamping dies, and rods. 1 Stocks on Doc. 31,1063, and Dec. 31, 1064, includo 306 and 381 tons, respectively, of romeit spelter.
ZINC
PRICES
The quoted price of Prime Western grade zi ket, advanced one-half cent in April and 1 cen yearend price of 14.50 cents per pound.
About midyear, major producers outside th ushed a producers price in reaction to a con and high prices on the London Metal Exch rd*T-Seiy aFefc Z1?c consumption. During m Li.M.E. and producers' price" were well equivalent.
London1 4
monthly quoted prices of 60-p moa zlno (PrJnpt delivery or s
Mouth
January__ February.. March........ April_____ May............ June............. July............ . August____ September., October____ Novombor.. Docerabcr..
Average for year..
1963
60- percent sine cou-
contratcs in the Jop
lin roplon (por ton)
Motallic sine (cents per pound)
East St. London} * Louis
60 t
c in li (p
$08.00 68.00 68; 00 08.00 68.00 68.00 72.46 78.00 70.00 76.00 70.00 79.68
72.01
11.60 11.60 11.60 11.60 11.60 11.67 12.06 12.60 12.60 12.60 12.60 12.98
12.01
8.46 8.09 8.90 9.27 9.60 9.49 9.29 9.66 9.68 10,02 10.61 11.84
9.60
Metal arid MineralMarkS '
ljOU`a: M8t<u
*%*^b SZ$!* <1UOUtlOM ,0t US' monev b"*d 00 *
' Average of dally mean of hid and asked quotations at morning session
TABLE 29.---Average price received by producers (Cents per pound)
Orade
Special High Orade High Orade. . intermediate........ l trims Spoclnl............
......................... .........................
.....................
TrJino Western... .............................................................
All grades............
...........................
Prime western; spot quotation ot St. Louis i
1
Metal Statistics, 1666, p. 60i.
1960
12.89 12. (M 12. 96
1961
,
J1.42 j
11.62 j 11.00 (
11. 45 | 11-66