Document 8Rn1NkRvKQqzMaokYZzDXn0qa

FILE NAME Packings and Gaskets PAG DATE 1982 Dec DOC PAG011 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Report Prepared for EPA - Analysis of Fiber Release from Certain Asbestos Products e e. 82-53 Saspions Prepared for 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Chemical Control Division Washington D.C. Contract No. 68-01-5960 Sina. Technical Directive No. 15 EPA Project Officer James P. Bulman seri. Pesca ANALYSIS OF FIBER RELEASE FROM CERTAIN ASBESTOS PRODUCTS Draft Final Report December 1982 Prepared by Peter H. Anderson Marc A. Grant Robert G. McInnes William J. Farino : GCA CORPORAT A GCA TECHNOLOGY DIVISION Massachusetts Bedford SECTION 6 GASKETS AND PACKINGS INTRODUCTION and Gaskets and packings are found in virtually every mechanical , thermal piece of process equipment where fluids are involved chemical Gaskets and packings are primarily used to prevent leakage between two bearing surfaces gaskets for static applications and packings for dynamic uses Gaskets are needed to obtain tight nonleaking connections between pipe flanges and other joints such as the covers and openings on all types of industrial and commercial equipment Packing is used as a dynamic seal for revolving or moving parts preventing leakage of the contained fluid along the bearing surface Asbestos fibers have been used successfully in both product types because of their unique combination of qualities In addition to providing heat resistance resilience and strength the mineral fibers are also relatively chemically inert which is an important factor for many of the gasket and packing applications Gaskets containing gaskets are made from either compressed sheet beater paper or millboard Beater paper and millboard gaskets are discussed in Section 7 of this report under Paper Products Gaskets made from compressed sheet are used in pumps compressors valves pipe flanges industrial and marine engines gear and axle housings sheet metal covers shim gaskets industrial transmissions and transformers Because of the strength chemical inertness and heat resistance properties of asbestos fibers the gasket material is used in applications where temperature pressure and fluid environments are extremely destructive Compressed sheet has a higher density and lower polymer than beater paper and millboard hence it is used in more severe environments The compressed sheet used to make gaskets is formed in a sheeting machine by rolling outa mixture of asbestos binder and solvent The calendered sheet is then cut to size and packaged for shipment Sheet manufacturing may bea wet or dry process depending on product requirements Compressed sheet formulations vary with manufacturer and product grade A commercial grade gasket sheet used in applications up to 204 400 contains 75 to 80 percent asbestos normally chrysotile whereas specialty grade gasket sheet used in higher temperature applications may contain as much as 100 percent asbestos including chrysotile and crocidolite fibers 1,4 69 ae a Compressed sheet may be fabricated into gasketast the primary manufacturing plant or more commonly sold to secondary processors or distributors who supply the industrial equipment maintenance market Packings Asbestos packing is a braided product manufactured from untreated asbestos yarn The yarn is purchased from a primary manufacturer and made into the sealant material by a packing fabricator The asbestos content in percent packing varies considerably and may be as high as 100 temperature applications such as sealing furnace doors for high Braiding is performed using a flat belt common shaft electric driven machine or other similar equipment The yarn used is untreated because resin impregnated or similarly coated yarn will not pass freely through the braiding machines 6,7 After the yarn has been braided the newly formed packing material may be packaged as is uncoated or more commonly saturated with a lubricant Dry unlubricated asbestos packings are used to seal furnace doors rotary kilns and temperature refractory equipment Lubricated asbestos packings are employed in a variety of industrial commercial and residential equipment applications as well as in motor vehicles Saturation of the braided material is accomplished by passing the packing through a heated liquid bath that contains the lubricant Some of the more common lubricants used in packing manufacture are petroleum based oils and waxes high grade animal fats and waxes Teflon mineral oil natural rubber Buna rubber vegetable oil glycerine graphite and molybdenum disulfide This treatment process is performed to maintain product pliability while in service to fibers from retard material desiccation scoring machinery shafts and and to prevent the valve stems during abrasive asbestos 7,8 Final processing before packaging for sale involves calendering the packing material into specific sizes and sectional shapes 1,7 Common sectional shapes are round and square Square packings are preferred because they provide a good seal creating no gaps along the packing or valve stem interface SECONDARY PROCESSING FABRICATION FABRICATION Gaskets Secondary processing which involves transforming the compressed sheet into a useable gasket product is performed by an independent fabricator or the maintenance user Fabricators such as gasket cutters generally form 70 gaskets from compressed sheets by cutting while the maintenance user cuts the sheet manually see End Use Activities subsection below Independent fabricators who cut the sheet to customer specifications also supply uncut sheets to the maintenance user who will field fabricate the material to their own specifications One secondary processor contacted B and D Supply Inc. of Yeadon 9 PA estimated that marketing uncut gasket sheet accounted for less than 10 percent of their annual sheet sales Gasket cuttinbgy the secondary processor is normally performed by forcing a metal die through the compressed sheet using automatic or semiautomatic pressing machinery which sometimes requires manual gasket sheet 9-11 feeding The actual cutting process when the die is forced through the gasket sheet lasts only about 1 second compared to up to a minute for product handling time Because of the clean edge cut made and that asbestos fibers are firmly bound by the gasket matrix the potential for fiber release during secondary processing is low This explains in part why engineering dust control devices are not normally employed for the cutting operation and the press equipment is open to the workroom environment 12,13 Operators may wear gloves during material handling which includes sheet feeding product separation picking and packaging Packings Packing distributors 14-16 report that in contrast to gaskets packing is infrequently cut before being supplied to simplicity of the packing procedure the end as well user as to This is due to the the variations of end use application A representative of Janos Industrial Insulation Corporation of Moonachie NJ did indicate however that packingmasy be cut to length by a secondary processor for a specific type of application using automatic machinery equipped with a wet dust suppression system Also some distributors may mold packing which does not involve material abrasion or severing to a customer's specifications using an automatic press For most applications however direct distribution of the standard square or round section material is sufficient to perform job requirements END USE ACTIVITIES Gaskets Compressed sheet gasket end use activities include installation| service use and removal during equipment maintenance or gasket replacement Gasket installation normally involves temporarily securing holding the precut material to one bearing surface while carefully aligning the other surface over the gasket When the gasket is in place between the two rigid surfaces the regular intervals along faces are isolated from joint is sealed by torquing down bolts or clamps at the perimeter of the joint In service the gasket fluids on either side of the joint by the pressure of the bearing surfaces Gasket edges however may be exposed on the internal or external side of the joint For special applications field fabrication may be required to obtain the correct gasket size and shape Gasket shaping can be performed with a sharp knife or scissors 71 After installation the gasket's service life depends on the severity of work conditions and the frequency of equipment maintenance A common cause for gasket replacement results from disassembly of the joint for routine maintenance The gasket may be damaged during disassembly or its sealing capability may be in doubt due to low compression Rather than risk a leak by reinstallation of the used gasket a new one will be installed in most cases.9 In 1978 it was estimated that 15 percent of the asbestos- containing gasket materials produced are used in new installations 25 percent for replacement of gaskets failed within 1 year and 60 percent for maintenance and time replacement During removal portions of a gasket may adhere to the bearing surfaces if high temperatures or penetration of working fluids alters the elastomeric binder in the gasket matrix The adhering material is typically removed manually using a edged scraping tool e.g. putty knife paint scraper or screwdriver or a stiff wire brush In many cases the energy input must be well controlled to avoid damaginthge joint surfaces which must be smooth and level for a proper fit The removal process lasts several minutes whereas the overall maintenance task typically requires a hour or more Penetration of the working fluid into the gasket material is expected to suppress fiber release during removal To facilitate gasket release from bearing surfaces some compressed sheet manufacturers offer materials covered with an stick film Packings Similar to gaskets the end use activities associated with packing applications include installation service use and removal Packing installation varies depending on whether the process equipment to be serviced requires a dynamic or static seal Pump and agitator shafts hydraulic cylinders and valve stems require a dynamic seal and are packed in a somewhat similar manner These devices have a shaft that is in contact with process fluids in the interior of the pump valve or vessel Where the shaft exits the device it must be sealed to prevent or control leakage of process fluids The shaft exits these devices through a cylindrical cavity commonly referred to as a stuffing box The annular space between the shaft and stuffing box is filled with packing material to control leakage The packing is sized to fill this cavity by forming it into rings Rings are formed by wrapping the packing around the shaft and cutting with a knife 8,20,21 8,20,21 Packing rings may be coated with oil or grease before pushing them along the shaft and into the stuffing box Most applications require from 4 to back in the stuffing box 20 When in place against the inner static surface of the stuffing box 10 rings seated the packings bear and the outer dynamic surface of the shaft Packings are held in place in the stuffing box by the gland a metal cylinder with a lip that is tightened against the stuffing box In a pump or agitator the gland is tightened pressing against the Meylan's estimate includes compressed sheet beater paper gaskets The latter two are addressed in Section 7 and millboard 72 packing material in the stuffing box only enough to control leakage of process fluid between the packing and the rotating shaft Some leakage is required to provide lubrication to the packing Packings used in static applications to seal process equipment doors or covers typically include twisted braided and plaited ropes as well as or rectangular composites 21 , These materials are held in place by square pressing them into a performed milled groove or recess in the door or cover plate The packing is usually cut to length using a sharp knife In door or cover static application the packing functions in a manner similar to a gasket in that adjoining surfaces are stationary Door and cover packings are usually unlubricated although a rubber cement or elastomer may be used to help hold the material in place during installation 21 In service dynamic packings may fail for a number of reasons Failures are frequently related to improper size selection thickness or cross- sectional shape or installation cut length worn or misaligned shaft or stuffing box insufficient lubrication or improper gland tightening Packing failure may also result from loss of flexibility chemical attack or lubricant 20,21 20,21 The service life of dynamic packing material been estimated to be less than 1 year for 90 percent of the packing has applications while the rest wear out much more rapidly Failure of process equipment door or cover packings is usually related to alignment or compaction since there is little wear on the material surface no movement and these materials contain a high percentage of asbestos capable of withstanding temperature and chemical extremes When properly installed the service life of static packings generally depends on two being factors 1 material reaction with the fluid or gases packinangd 2 frequency of process equipment maintenance contained by Chemical reactions with process fluids or gases may degrade the packing material the Maintenance causing failure of the seal and leakage whether scheduled or nonscheduled prematurely shortens the service life of the packing by requiring broken replacement of the material that has been damaged when the sealis Removal of worn out packing from a pump valve or hydraulic piston requires equipment disassembly followed by removal of the gland when present and extraction of the material from the stuffing box using tipped or pointed rods 8 20 21 Depending on how well lodged they are in the stuffing box the packing rings may be torn during removal Removal of a static packing from a door or cover is somewhat easier because of better access Under these conditions the material is easily peeled off the door or cover plate or pried out of a retaining groove with a sharp object The removal and subsequent installation of dynamic or static packing material may last from half hour to more than an hour depending on the size of the equipment and ease of access The majority of the time spent during servicing is in disassembly and reassembly of the equipment Material cutting removal removal will last only a few seconds and actual packing installation and will each require only a few minutes 8 Packing installation and operations are performed indoors or outdoors wherever the equipment being serviced is located 73 Fiber release from the handling and use of lubricated packings is expected to be very low Packings used in pumps valves and pistons are impregnated or coated with a lubricant that suppresses dusting Cutting operations performed during installation should cause minor or no dusting Cuts must produce a clean smooth edge in order to ensure good end closure when the packing is in place In service and during removal asbestos fiber release is also expected to be low due to material saturation Concerning fiber releasability from unlubricated packings used in static applications Manville reports- that where a door or cover is periodically opened or closed the packing is decompressed and compressed but without much abrasion The potential for fiber release to the atmosphere is expected to be highest during removal of the unlubricated packing The cover packings are generally twisted or woven to promote easy release from the sealing surface during use but prolonged compaction in a retaining groove for example may necessitate scraping when replacement is required The packing material will be physically altered during this process possibly releasing asbestos fibers AIRBORNE FIBER MONITORING DATA Gaskets Secondary Processing - Fabrication-Airborne fiber monitoring data collected during the fabrication of compressed sheet into gaskets are presented in Table 16. Fiber concentrations concentrations for the processes monitored which included machine cutting hand shaping and various materials handling operations ranged from less than 0.01 to 1.3 cmwith the exception of hand and machine punching operations that were performed without dust controls Fiber concentrations measured for the uncontrolled hand and machine punching operations were 3.0 and 5.0 cm respectively When control measures were applied to these two operations fiber concentrations of less than or equal to 0.15 cm were recorded End Use Activities-- Fiber monitoring data collected during the installation and removal of compressed sheet gaskets are also presented in Table 16. Fiber concentrations easured during the performance of these end use activities were less than 0.4 cm The highest concentration recorded 0.39 cmoccurred during gasket removal which involved cleaning hand scraping adhering residue from a bearing surface Airborne asbestos fiber release is not expected during gasket wear because the bearing surfaces are stationary during use Packings Secondary Processing ~ Fabrication-Because there is virtually no secondary processing of packings no airborne fiber monitoring data were obtained End Use Activities-- In April 1979 Manville conducted an airborne fiber monitoring study of routine packing installation service use and removal activities at their Manville NJ plant 23 The simulated field operations were 74 EERE TABLE 16 FIBER CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS COMPRESSED ASBESTOS SHEET GASKET HANDLING ACTIVITIES10,11,24 - an Study Activity performed A Punch press operation Power shear operation Shear press operation Roussel press 75 Picking operation Tumbling operation : Materials handling Platen press operation B Platen press operation Measured Duration of fiber Date . activity concentrations of sample time ; oS cm tests min Analytical method . CommentsComents 0.04 to 0.67 1980 0.17 1980 0.23 to 0.81 1980 0.04 to 0.08 1980 0.10 to 0.31 1980 . 0.42 to 0.60 1980 0.11 to 0.34 1980 0.05 to 0.29 1980 0.03 to 0.15 1980 80 to 211 Fibers were counted by PQ"with PLMb verification | 188 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 50 to 76 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 100 to 192 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 93 to 206 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 77 to 141 #8 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 91 to 216 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 52 to 256 Fibers were counted by PCM with PLM verification Monitoring performed at a major gasket fabricator located in Wisconsin 63 to 238 PCM Monitoring performed at an asbestos gasket operation in Wisconsin continued TABLE 16 continued Study Activity performed Measured _, fiber concentrations concentrations cm Date of tests Duration of activity sample time min Analytical method . Comments Hydraulic beam press 0.02 to 0.05 1980 61 to 178 , Hand picking and packaging 0.06 to 0.20 1980 45 to 176 POM PQM Platen press picking operator -0.09 to 0.12 1980 67 to 140 PCM . Reeves punch press operator 0.12 1980 124 PCM 76 C Storage for receipt and issue 0.01 to 0.05 1978 60 to 132 PCM : Storage for use 0.01 to 0.12 1978 97 to 122 PCM Hand punching 3.00 1978 NR PCM ; Hand punching 0.05 to 0.15 1978 28 to 31 PCM Hand operated mechanical punching 0.05 1978 30 PCM Monitoring performed at an asbestos gasket operation in Wisconsin Monitoring performed at an asbestos gasket operation Wisconsin Monitoring performed at an asbestos gasket operation in Wisconsin Monitoring performed at an asbestos gasket operation in Wisconsin Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions continued RERERRRERERRRERERREREAR TABLE 16 continued Study Activity performed Measured fiber concentrations cm Date of tests Duration of activity sample time min Analytical method Comments Machine punching Machine punching ' Macbine punching 5.0 1978 NR < 0.03 to 0.7 1978 20 to 30 0.05 to 0.06 1978 23 to 31 Hand shaping 77 77 Machine sbearing Machine shearing < 0.03 to 0.3 1978 7 to 31 0.5 to 1.3 1978 6 , 0.05 to 0.15 1978 31 to 38 Machine nibbling 0.08 to 0.46 1978 8 , Machine nibbling 0.08 to 0.8 1978 24 to 31 Installation of flange gasket < 0.03 1978 30 PCM PCM PCM ------ PQM POM PCM ------ PCM No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Housekeeping and venti- latione monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions continued . TABLE 16 continued ; Study Activity performed Neasured concentrations cm Date of . tests Duration of activity sample time min , Analytical method Comments Renoval and concurrent installation boiler beader gaskets 0.02 to 0.3 1978 21 to 95 POM Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions 01/694 Clean following removal by hand scraping 1978 33 to 37 No control monitoring 12:28 12:28 conducted under actual work conditions Removal and hand scraping < 0.06 to 0.39 1978 15 to 28 PQ No control monitoring conducted under actual work conditions Removal and wire brushing 0.03 to 0.18 1978 25 to 33 POM Housekeeping performed monitoring conducted under actual work conditions & 78 301 Phase contrast microscopy Polarized light microscopy thus reported fiber concentrations are all assumed to asbestor fibers 462 Housekeeping - bigh efficiency vacuum cleaners were used to clean areas area kep clean and free of debris accumulation waste material placed in sealed containers 1039 do control - no specific controls were used i.e. no wetting enclosing or ventilation Ventilation - filtered local exhaust ventilation provided to operation Mh - Hot Reported 14 performeodn two water circulating side pumps An area air sample betwthe e peumn ps and a simultaneously collected personal sample were obtained Both ends of each pump was packed with five rings of material therefore 20. sections of packing were used per test Six different dynamic packings were tested over a day period The duration of each test period was not reported A minimum of four separate samples were taken for each packing tested two one area one personal during installation and use and two during removal The installation and removal operations performed were similar those described above in the End Use Activities subsection Four of the packings tested were impregnated with petroleum lubricants one was impregnated with a corrosion inhibitor and treated with a graphite surface finish and one was coated and treated with graphite No unlubricated or uncoated packings e.g. used in static cover applications were tested Of the 28 samples collected 5 had a fiber concentration of 0.0 cm 10 had a concentration of less than 0.1 cm12 had a concentration of 0.1 cmand one sample an area sample taken during the removal of the coated packing had a measured concentration of 0.2 cm In general the personal samples revealed slightly higher fiber concentrations than the area samples and the installation activity samples showed slightly higher concentrations than the removal activity samples SUMMAROYF FINDINGS Gaskets Secondary processing of compressed sheet into gaskets can result in comparatively high workroom fiber concentrations on the order of 3.0 to 5.0 cmduring hand and machine punching if control measures are not employed When dust control procedures are implemented which is usually the case fiber concentrations resulting from various hand and machine processing and steps materials handling operations range from less than 0.01 to 1.3 cm = Measured airborne fiber concentrations resulting from the installation of compressed sheet gaskets were less than 0.03 cmas reported by one study Removal of these materials however can result in higher concentrations up to 0.4 cm during hand scraping of worn material adhering to a bearing surface In this latter case fiber release is related to the physical exertion required to remove the material and to the high asbestos content equal to or greater than 75 percent of compressed sheet gasket Table 17 summarizes the data presented in this section on compressed sheet gaskets and identifies the principal activities of concern with respect to asbestos fiber release Phase contrast microscopy analysis assumed 79 TABLE 17. SUMMARY OF COMPRESSED SHEET GASKET SECONDARY PROCESSING AND END USE ACTIVITIES v Product Gaskets Secondary processing End use Activity cutting packaging Installation service use removal Duration Per Incident Cutting 1 second less than Packaging 1 minute up to Installation 1-2 minutes Use weeks to years depending on application Removal 5 to 20 minutes equipment disassembly will require several minutes to more than an hour Daily total Cutting several minutes Packaging total production time over 8 hour work shift Same as above Fiber Releasability Chemical Composition Moderate Asbestos fiber content 75 to 80 in commercial grades up to 100 for high temperature applications Moderate Same 80 Physical Composition Pliable may have anti- Same stick coating usually oily surface texture Disruptive Energy Hydraulic press diecutting sorting and packaging by hand Removal hand scraping hand or power tool brushing to clean bearing surface Control Measure Other than general housekeeping involving vacuuming the process areas no engineering controls are used Generally none though during removal operation gasket may be saturated with process fluids Further wetting of worn material prior to removal may also be performed Measured Fiber 0.1 to 1.3 with Concentrations cmgeneral housekeeping 0.1 to 5.0 without controls 0.02 to 0.4 during installation service use and removal Environmental Setting Open room indoors Open room indoors or outside Activities of Concern Secondary fabrication especially cutting gaskets End use removal of worn gaskets particularly the cleaning of adhering material from bearing surfaces Packings Secondary processing of containing packings is generally limited to molding operations in which the material is pressed without material abrasion or severing Any cutting of the packing is routinely performed by the end user during installation using hand tools Installation of dynamic packings results in fiber releases on the order of 0.1 cm Dynamic packings are prelubricated and coated with friction reducers before use and further lubricated by process fluids during use When dynamic packing material removal is required the material is usually saturated with process fluid or still contains residual amounts of lubricant both of which act to suppress fiber release Removal is performed using hand tools requiring low energy inputs Some material disintegration can be expected during the severely removal of worn packing Airborne fiber concentrations equal to or less than 0.2 cm have been recorded during the removal of packing from a mechanical pump Fiber monitoring studies documenting asbestos fiber release from unlubricated packings used for static applications have not been reported in the literature Asbestos fiber release is expected from these types of packings during cutting installation and removal because they contain a high asbestos content have a low binder content and are not normally treated or coated with any type of lubricant that would suppress fiber release Table 18 summarizes the data presented on packings and identifies the principal activity of concern with respect to asbestos fiber release ' | . P . :. ; . | . ' - . : TABLE 18. SUMMARY OF PACKING SECONDARY PROCESSING AND END USE ACTIVITIES Product Packings Secondary processing End use Activity Rarely performed but may be cut to length or molded Installation including cutting service use removal Duration Per Incident Daily total Cutting less than Installation 10-30 minutes Cutting up to 1 minute 1 second actual cutting actual Molding several Use weeks to years depending on application minutes est Removal 10 to 30 minutes Cutting several min Same as above actual cutting Molding totalling more than 1 hour est Fiber Releasability Chemical Composition Moderate Fiber content up to 100 rare wide variation in type and amount of lubricant Low : Same but dynamic packing may be coated with lubricant during installation and may be saturated with process fluid during removal Static packings will be unlubri- cated coating depending on intended use 82 Physical Composition Flexible oily or waxy Same surface when lubricated Disruptive Energy Cutting with a knife or press machine molding in press machines Knife or shears for cutting during installation pointed or screw extractor to remove dynamic packing from stuffing box bladed knives to remove static packings Control Measure Wet suppression dust None control during automated cutting No control during molding Measured Fiber No data reported work- Concentrations cmroom concentration assumed to be less than 2 cm 0.0 to 0.2 during the installation service use and removal of lubricated and coated dynamic packings No data reported for unlubricated packings Enviromental Setting Open room indoors Open room indoors or outdoors Activity of Concern Removal of worn packings especially unlubricated materials used in static applications a GASKETS AND PACKINGS REFERENCES Krusell N. and D. Cogley Asbestos Substitute Performance Analysis Revised Final Report Prepared by Technology Division for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances Washington D.C. February 1982 Product Brochure Gasketing Materials Nicolet Inc. Ambler Division Ambler PA January 1979 Telecon Betty Kallen Sales Representative Rogers Corp. Rogers CT with Marc Grant Technology Division March 23 1982 Meylan W. M. et al Chemical Market Output Analysis of Selected Chemical Substances to Assess Sources of Environmental Contamination Task III ~ Asbestos Report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. EPA Report No. 6-78-005 August 1978 Manville Corporation Sealing Components Comprehensive Guide to Mechanical Packings Ropes and Tapes 401 Caryl Ranch Denver 00. April 1978 Telecon Company Representative Pepperell Braiding Company Pepperell MA with Peter Anderson Technology Division 1982 Inc. March East 18 Telecon Stoneham 1982 Dewy Flint Sales Representative A. W. MA with Peter Anderson Technology Chesterton Company Division March 24 Telecon Stoneham 1982 James Novello MA with Peter Sales Representative A. W. Chesterton Company Anderson Technology Division March 23 Telecon Cathleen Blake Sales Representative D Supply Inc. Yeadon PA with Marc Grant Technology Division March 18 and 25 1982 ' Liukonen L. R. et al Asbestos Exposure From Gasket Operations Report prepared by Industrial Hygiene Branch Naval Regional Medical Center Bremerton Washington D.C. May 1978 83 11. Hager Laboratories Inc. Report on Service Number 3910 For Manville Corp. August 21 1980. Published in Health and Safety Facts Mechanical Packings and Gasketing Materials Containing Asbestos Fibers Manville Corp. Denver CO 12 Telecon George Siegler Sales Representative Rhopac Inc. Skokie IL with Marc Grant Technology Division March 18 1982 13 Telecon Emily Chris Sales Representative Arcy Manufacturing Co. Inc. New York NY with Marc Grant Technology Division March 18 1982 14 Telecon Ernie Huber Jr. Company Representative Paramount Packing and Rubber Baltimore MD with Marc Grant technology Division May 13 1982 15. Telecon Thomas Connolly Jr. Vice President Janos Industrial Insulation Corp. Moonachie NJ with Marc Grant Technology Division May 14 1982 16 Telecon Theodore Braun General Manager & Supply Yeadon PA with Marc Grant Technology Division May 14 1982 17. Telecon Patrick Yoder Sales Representative Nicolet Inc. Ambler Division Ambler PA with Marc Grant Technology Division March 26 1982 18 Product brochure Gasketing Materials Colt Industries Garlock Mechanical Packing Division Palmyra NY August 1979 19 Product brochure Sealing Components Manville Denver CO November 1979 20 Product brochure Chesterton Sealing Devices A. W. Chesterton Co. Stoneham MA March 1981 21 Product brochure Comprehensive Guide to Mechanical Packings Ropes and Tapes Manville Corp. Denver CO April 1978 22 Product data sheets Palmetto Packings Greene Tweed & Co. North Wales PA Copyrights 1978 1979 23 Information brochure Mechanical Packings and Gasketing Materials Containing Asbestos Fiber Manville Corp. Denver CO April 1981 24 Manville Corporation Health Safety and Environment Department Industrial Hygiene Survey Conducted July 1980 in Wisconsin Results published in Health and Safety Facts Mechanical Packings and Gasketing Materials Containing Asbestos Fiber Manville Corporation Denver CO 84 SRE R ER ERBE