Document 8RmXX4YjEJZE6MnNMm1Baz7DZ

Pages 13809-13826 Part II FEDERAL REGISTER VOLUME 25 1934 ^ * ^A/ITCO ^ NUMBER 251 Washington, Wednesday, December 28, 7960 Title 41--PUBLIC CONTRACTS Chapter 50--Division of Public Con tracts, Department of Labor PART 50-204--SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL SUPPLY CONTRACTS The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act (49 Stat. 2036, 41 U.S.C. 35 et seq.) requires that contracts entered Into by any agency of the united States for the manufacture or furnishing of materials, supplies, articles, and equipment In any amount exceeding $10,000 must contain, among other provisions, a stipulation that no "part of such contract will be performed nor will any of the materials, supplies, articles, or equipment to be manufactured or furnished under said contract be manufactured or fabricated in any plants, factories, buildings or surroundings or under working condi tions which are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees engaged in the performance of said contract". A single standard of safety and health conditions Is thus required for all work subject to the Act. An objective descrip tion of the working conditions encoun tered. established by a preponderance of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence. Is, of course, essential to the administrative application of this stand ard. A second question which must be resolved Is whether conditions of the type described are "unsanitary or haz ardous or dangerous to the health or safety of employees". This Is a question of fact. For assistance in its resolution, the act provides a special rule of evi dence: "Compliance with the safety, sanitary, and factory inspection laws of the State in which the work or part thereof is to be performed shall be prima-facie evidence of compliance with this subsection." The statutory prevision concernin'? "prima-facie evidence" does not purport to take the place of the uniform national standard. It has application only to issues which require evidence. In the absence of opposing evidence, it author izes resolution of such issues compatibly with the prima-facie evidence. Also, rules concerning prima-facie evidence obviously have no application in situa- tions where evidence is not required. Where, therefore, the common experi ence of men is all that is needed to lead a rational and prudent person to the conclusion that certain conditions of em ployment are incompatible with the safety and health of employees, no de fense is provided by the statutory "prima-facie evidence" rule merely be cause such conditions may not be spe cifically prohibited in the State safety, sanitary, and factory inspection laws, or the regulations hereby proposed. Neither is it necessary to call a witness to testify concerning the hazardous nature of such conditions. The statutory rule of "prima-facie evi dence" was not designed to deter the Secretary of Labor from diligent Inquiry even beyond the safety, sanitary, and factory inspection laws of the several states to discover more directly what are the "working conditions which are unsanitary or habardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees." This is demonstrated by the provisions in sections 4 and s of the Act, directing the Secretary to administer It and au thorizing him to appoint experts, make investigations, hold hearings, compel the production of evidence, and make find ings of fact. Accordingly, following en actment of the Act, experts were ap pointed and their testimony used in the administrative enforcement proceedings conducted under section 5 of the Act. Differences of opinion over what condi tions of employment fall to meet the statutory standard have thus been re solved with the assistance of expert testi mony on a case-by-case basis in nearly a quarter of a century of hearings and findings under the Act. These have been conducted in accordance with sections 5, 7. and 8 of the Administrative Pro cedure Act since its enactment. The hazardous characteristic of a par ticular working condition, is, of course, the likelihood that it will cause illness, or injury in the employment situation. This characteristic is not always im mediately apparent Causative analysis of injury frequency rales in industry has shed much light on the importance of certain precautions not fully appreciated by those responsible for the operation of Industrial establishments. The De partment's discovery and evaluation of these hazards and the development of the regulations herein promulgated has relied quite extensively on the outstand ing contributions of the private and pub lic organizations which are generally ac cepted as preeminent In this field. Among these are the publications of American Standards Association. Inc., American Society of Mechanical Engi neers. National Fire Protection Associa tion, National Board of Fire Underwrit ers, the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior, and the Atomic Energy Commission. Section 7(d> of the Administrative Procedure Act recognizes that, even in the most formal type of administrative adjudications, agency decision may rest on "official notice of a material fact not appearing in the evidence in the record," but it requires that "any party shall on timely request be afforded an oppor tunity to show the contrary". The At torney General's Manual on the Admin istrative Procedure Act points out (p. 80) that this authority "extends properly to all matters as to which the agency by reason of its functions is presumed to be expert, such as technical or scien tific facts wittiin Its specialized knowl edge. Cf. H.R. Rep. p. 38 (Sen. Doc. p. 272). The matters thus noticed become a part of the record and. unless successfully controverted, furnish the same basis for findings of fact as does `evidence' in the usual sense." . The hazardous characteristics of many working conditions, thus being facts of a "technical or scientific" nature, and having come within the Department's "specialized knowledge" by reason of its experience, proof of them in administra tive adjudications by official notice is appropriate. The facts declared in these regulations ore soundly based in the ex perience of the Department and in the experience of outstanding public and private experts In their specialized di visions of the field of health and safety engineering. The regulations herewith promulgated extend, however, into areas in which reasonable men may differ. Any party to an administrative adjudi cation who is adversely affected by them will, therefore, have the opportunity to contest them by presenting the issue in Mo. 281--Part II------ 1 , C-ALL-10360 SCF-ALLF-i nmn 13809 13810 RULES AND REGULATIONS his responsive pleading and Introducing such evidence as he will be able to muster Guarding or OKN-Smra Flood*. Platforms and Runways Pressure Vessels 50-204.120 Boilers. for consideration at his hearing. 60-204,23 Open-elded floor arm platform. 60-304,131 Steam cookers, digesters, glue Publication of standards which will 60-204.26 Runway, guarding. underline the enforcement policy of the Railings and Guana pots. etc. 60-204.122 Vnllred pressure vessels. agency which administers the Walsh- Healey Public Contracts Act win promote observance of the safety and health re quirements by curtailing uncertainty on 60-20427 60-20426 60-20429 Standard ratling. Stair railing. Strength of standard railing and stair railing. Tools and Equipment 80-204.127 Maintenance. 60-204.128 Portable electric power tools. 60-204.129 Portable pneumatic tools. the part of those whose duty It la to com ply. Such publication will permit the administrative adjudication of many safety and health cases without the necessity of calling an expert witness to the place of hearing to testify to the haz ardous nature of the working conditions denounced in the regulations. Except 60-204.34 60-30426 60-204.30 60-20437 60-204.42 Elevators Elevator Inspection. Hoistways. Under car safety devlco. Hatch limit controls. ILLUMINATION Minimum standards. 50-204.130 cables, ropes, and chains. Ventilation and protection in Weldino and Cutting 50-204.136 60-204.126 60-204.137 60-204.188 Wsldlng and cutting In confined spaces. Ventilation In conffned spaces. Mechanical ventilation. Welding and cutting Involving in oases where a party gives notice of In tent to challenge the safety standards expressed In the regulation at hearing, as provided in the regulations herein promulgated, this element of possible controversy, and occasion of possible variety tar decision, will be eliminated. These are the considerations which prompt this use of the authority ex Ladders 60-204.47 60-204.48 80-204.40 80-20430 60-20421 Construction and use of portable ladders. Balls of portable ladders. Fainting or wooden ladders.' Stepladtiers. Fixed ladders. Anus AND PASBAOEWATa metals or toxic significance. 60-304.139 Protection to other employees. 80-204.140 Inert-gas-metal aro welding. 60-304.141 General welding and cutting. . Electrical Equipment 60-204.118 General plant wiring. Mechanical power transmission Apparatus 60-304.163 Flywheels. pressed tar section 4 of the Walah-Healey 60-20420 Maintenance. 60-204.154 Crank* and connecting rods. Public Contracts Act to make "such rules 60-204.57 and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act." 50-204.62 Aisle widths. Material Storaoc Height, 60-204.168 Tall rods or extension piston rods. 60-204.180 Governor balls. 60-204.167 Shafting Installation, Radiation standards for inclusion In 80-204.83 small articles. 60-204.168 Guarding horizontal shafting. the regulations herein promulgated as amendments are currently being drafted. They will apply the recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council ap 60-20424 60-204.08 60-20426 Pipe and other long stook. Hazardous chemicals. Gasee In cylinder*. Ouroooa Storage 50-204.168 60-304.100 90-3M.101 Guarding vertical and Inclined shafting. Projecting shaft end*. Power-transmission apparatus located In basements. proved by the President for the guidance of federal agencies May 13,1900 (25 F.R. 4402). As these regulations are rules of agency 60-204.71 60-304.72 60-204.73 60-204.74 60-204.73 Aisle spacing. Housekeeping. Drainage. Clearance signs. Derail and bumper blocks. 50-204.162 60-204.183 60-204.164 Pulleys. Horizontal belts, ropes and chain drives. overhead chain and link belt drives. procedure or practice delineating tacts 60-204.78 Traffic control signs. 60-204.106 Vertical and inclined belts. which will be officially noticed In en forcement proceedings under section 5 of tbe Act, notice of proposed rule mak 80-204.77 Open pits, tanks, vate, ditches, etc. FIammablx Liquids 60-304.160 Vertical belts. 60-304.167 Cone-pulley belts. 60-304.108 Gears. 60-204.109 Sprockets and chains. ing and public proceedings In their adop 60-204.82 Sources of Ignition. 60-204.170 Openings for oiling. tion are not required by subsections 4 (a) and fl of the Administrative Procedure Act. 60-20423 80-20424 60-20428 60-204.88 Vegetation removal. HOuaekesoiaa. Electrical lighting. Ventilation. 60-204.171 Friction drives. 60-204.172 Keys, set screws, and other pro jections. - 60-204.173 Collars. In accordance with section 4 of the 60-204.87 Refusestorage. 60-204.174 Couplings. Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 238. a U.S.C. 1003), therefore, and under the authority of section 4 of the Walsh- Healey Public contracts Act (40 stat. 80-20428 80-30420 60-20420 60-30421 Open flame devices prohibited. Bonding and grounding. Relief vents. Storage tat other than flammable storage bandings. Guard Standards to* mechanical Power Transmission 60-204.178 Materials. 60-204.180 Disk, shield, and **U" guards. 2038,41 U.S.C. 38), effective 30 days after publication in the Federal Rcoistek, a new Part 60-204--Safety and Health Standards, for Federal Supply Contracts, 60-204.02 60-204.97 Safety containers. Faints and Paintino Storage of paints, varnishes, lacquers, thInhere, ate. 60-204.181 60-304.182 60-204.183 60-204.184 Approved materials. Wood guards. Guards for horlsontal overhead belts. Guards for horizontal overhead Is hereby added to 41 CFR Chapter 50. Scope and Application- 80-204.1 Scope and application. Burrsinos and Appurtenances 60-30426 60-20420 60-204.100 60-204.101 Storage locations. Storage of flammable point ma. terlals in opened containers. Paint-soiled clothing and drop doth. Housekeeping: paint scraplnge rope and chain drives. 80-304.186 Guard rails and toe boards. Miscellaneous Machine Guaroino 60-204.100 Lathes and automatic screw ma chines. 50-3043 80-2042 60-204.4 Buildings. Floors. Building egress. and paint saturated contain ers. 60-204.102 Ventilation of harmful sub stances. 60-204.101 Drill presses. 50-304.192 Planers una shapers (metal). 80-204.183 Shears. 80-204.184 Guillotine cutters, power-driven. 50-2048 60-204.10 80-20441 60-204.12 StairWats on steps Stair width of treads and height of risers. Stairway malntennnee. Treads. Stairway railings and handrails. 60-204.103 60-204.104 60-204.108 60-904.100 30-204,107 60-204.103 Ventilation of flammable vapors. Smoking or open flames pro hibited. Electrical equipment. Electric motors. Enclosure driving belts. Storage of combustible and 50-204.195 60-204.198 60-204.107 60-204.198 50-204.199 60-204.200 50-204.201 Power presses. Foot and hand presses. Other powcr-pres6 safety devices. Platan presses. Abrasive wheels. Revolving drums and cylinders. Fans. Guaroino or Floor Openings flammable cleaning materials. Woodworking Machinery and flood holes Fise Prevention 60-204.208 Circular table saws. 50-304.17 Stairway floor openings. 60-204.113 Equipment, general. 60-204309 Swing end sliding cut-off saws. 8O-204.18 Ladderway floor openings. 60-204.114 First aid lire flgutlng extinguish 50-204.210 Inverted swing cut-off saw* 60-204.19 Hatchway and chute floor. ers. general rules. (Jump saws). 60-304 20 Floor hole. 60-204.115 Classification Of extinguishers. 60-204.211 Radial saws. Wednesday, December 28, I960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13811 60-304.213 60-204.213 60-204.214 60-204.216 60-204.216 60-2041217 Portable circular saw*. Band saws and band resaws. Jointers. Wood shapers, band-feed panel raisers and similar machines. Planing, molding, etioklng and matching machines. Sanding machines. HovseKzxtmo 60-304.220 60-204.230 50-204.231 50-204.232 60-204-333 50-204.234 General. Floors. Flammable materials. Tools and other materials. Receptacles for waste disposal. Sweeping and refuse removal. minimum safety and health standards which will be applied In the administra tion and enforcement of the Act, in cluding proceedings under its section 5 and 41 CFR Part 50-203, Subpart A, to determine whether particular contracts subject to the Act are being, or have been, performed in compliance with Its safety and health requirements. (b) In all administrative, enforce ment, and investigative proceedings con ducted by the United States Department of Labor under the Act, official notice will be taken of the fact that failure to (e> Compliance with the standards expressed in Port 60-204 of this chapter will not relieve anyone from any obliga tion to comply with any more strict standard stemming from any other source whatsoever. BuiLomos and Appurtenances 50-204.2 Buildings. Buildings and all appurtenances there to, including bridges, towers, balconies, runways, and platforms, shall be struc turally safe to prevent collapse. Tomer Facilities and Wash Rooms 60-304.239 Separate toilet for each eex. 60-204.240 Location, 80-204241 Water closets. 60-2041342 Construction of toilet rooms. 60-204.243 Chemical closets and privies. 60-304.244 Washing faculties. 60-304246 Change rooms. 60-204.246 Retiring rooms for women. Lunch Rooms and Food Handling 60404.261 Location. . 60-904.262 Waste food disposal. 60404263 Presence of toxic materials, Dkinkino Watek 60-304268 Potable water. 60-204269 Ron-potable water. Metical Services 60-204.264 Medical services. BTX PROTECTION 60-204269 General requirement. 60-204270 First-aid for chemical burns, RNVmoMMSNTAL CONDITIONS 80-204276 Toxic gases, vapors, fumes, dust and mists. 60-204276 Threshold limit values. comply with the requirements e\pressed In this Part 60-204 of this chapter results In working conditions which are "unsan itary or hazardous to employees" within the meaning of section 1(e) of the Act, and contracts incorporating the stipula tion It requires. (o> Do formal enforcement proceed ings under section 5 of the Act, respond ents will be permitted to demonstrate, by reliable, substantial, and probative evidence, that their failure to comply with the requirements expressed in Past 50-204 of this chapter did not result In working conditions which were "unsani tary or hazardous or dangerous to em ployees," but only if the answer to the complaint, filed under 41 CFR 50-203.3, makes express allegation to that effect, identifying the particular code unit challenged and setting out the factual basis for the challenge, in the event such issue is drawn, and reliable, sub stantial, and probative evidence Is intro duced In support of the challenge, the pertinent portions of the publications of the American Standards Association, Inc., American Society of Mechanical g 50-204.3 Floors. (a) No floor or platform shall be so loaded as to have a factor of safety of less than four. That Is, the weight placed upon a floor or platform shall not exceed one-fourth of the breaking strength of the platform or floor. (b) Floors, other than those resting directly on solid ground, when used for heavy storage shall be clearly posted to show maximum safe floor loads. (c) All floor surfaces shall be kept clean and dry and maintained In a smooth (free from holes or projections that might cause tripping and reason ably nonsllppery) condition. (d) Where the type of operation ne cessitates working on floor areas which would be otherwise wet or slippery, such areas shall be covered with mat*, grates, cleats, or other high friction floor coverings. (e) Safe means of access, suited to conditions, shall be provided to every overhead point to which employees are called upon to go in connection with their employment. Ventilation Engineers, National Fire Protection As g 50-204.4 Building egress. 80-304286 ' 60-204280 General ventilation and temper ature requirement. Local exhaust ventilation. Noise sociation, National Board of Fire Under writers, the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department (a) Exits. Not less than two means of egress (other than ladders or eleva tors) as remote from each other as possible, shall be provided on every floor, 60-204298 Noise. of the Interior, and the Atomic Energy Including basements and cellars of every - Psssonal PaoTEcnvx Equipment Commission will be considered, together budding or section where persons are 80-304298 Personal protective equipment. with any other evidence that may be ad employed. On the street floor at least duced in support of the regulation, on one of these shall be a door leading di Mining the issue whether the preponderance of rectly outside the building, and the other 60-204200 Federal Mine Safety Code. the reliable, substantial, and probative may be a door leading outside the AuTHOsm: 1160-204.1 to 80-204200 Is sued under see. 4, 49 Stat. 2038, 41 US.O. 68. Interpret or apply see. l. 49 Stat. 2030, 41 ' 08.0. 36. 50--204.1 Scope and application. evidence supports a finding that the working conditions prohibited in the reg ulation are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees. (d) The standards expressed In Part building, or a standard horizontal exit. On upper floors and basements, one exit shall be an enclosed stairway or smokeproof tower and the other or others may be inside stairways or horizontal exits or fire escape stairs. (a) The Walsh-Healey Public Con 50-204 of this chapter are for applica (b) Exit doors. Doors shall swing in tracts Act (40 Stat. 2036, 41 U.S.C. 35 tion to ordinary employment situations, the direction of exit and open in such et seq.) requires that contracts entered and do not preclude proof or recogni a manner as not to obstruct passage Into by any agency of the United States tion of the necessity of higher standards ways or corridors used as ways of egress. for the manufacture or furnishing of for employment situations of extraor No chairs or seats, fixtures, chutes, ma materials, supplies, articles, and equip dinary hazard. Neither do the standards terials, or equipment shah block or In ment In any amount exceeding $10,000 expressed In this Part 50-204 of this any way jeopardize the use of ways and must contain, among other provisions, a stipulation that "No part of such con chapter purport to describe all of the working conditions which are unsani means provided for egress. All exit doors and windows used as means of tract will be performed nor will any of the materials, supplies, articles, or equip ment to be manufactured or furnished under said contraot be manufactured or fabricated in any plants, factories, build ings or surroundings or under working tary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees. Other working conditions may be found to be unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees on egress in case of fire or panic shall be so arranged as always to be opened readily from the inside. Locks on doors and windows. If provided, shall not re quire the use of a key to opea (c) Exit signs. AU exits or means of conditions which are unsanitary or haz evidence to that effect, or without such egress shall be provided with a sign hav ardous or dangerous to the health and evidence, where such unsanitary or ing on it the word "EXn"` which shall safety of employees engaged in the per hazardous or dangerous characteristic be in letters at least five Inches in height formance of the contract." This Part should be apparent to a rational and and plainly Indicate to persons within 50-204 of this chapter expresses certain prudent person of common experience. the building the location of such egress. 13812 RULES AND REGULATIONS Directional signs to the means of 8 55-204.19 Hatchway and chute floor. (a) Runways, used exclusively for egress should be provided where necessary. 1 Stairways oa Steps g 50-204.9 Stair width of treads and height of risers. Every hatchway and chute floor open ing shall be guarded either by; (a) Hinged floor-opening cover of standard strength and construction equipped with rolling constructed In ac cordance with sections 60-204.27 and special purposes (such as oiling, shafting or filling tank cars), may have the rail ing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission, providing there Is no falling hazard. Railings and Guards There shall be no variation In the width of treads and height of risers in 50-204.29 so as to leave no exposed side. When the opening is not In use the cover 50-204.27 Standard railing. any flight. Where variation in heights shall be closed. A standard railing shall consist of top of risers in different flights is necessary (b) A removable railing with toe rail, intermediate rail and posts, having on accov^r of varying story heights, such boards on not more than two sides of the a vertical height of 43 inches from upper variations shall not exceed *Ke Inch. All opening and permanent railings with toe surface of top rail to floor, platform, run treads shall be at least 10 inches wide. boards on all other exposed sides both way or romp level. The top rati shall g 50-204.10 Stairway maintenance. constructed in accordance with sections be smooth surfaced throughout the 50-204.27 and 50-20420. The removable length of the railing. The Intermediate Every stairway or step shall be main railings shall be kept In place when the rail shall be approximately halfway be tained in good repair, free from protrud opening la not in use. tween the top rail and floor, platform, ing bolts, screws, nails, dirt, or slippery (c) Where operating conditions neces runway or ramp. The ends of the rails conditions, and no storage shall be per sitate the feeding of material Into any shall not overhang the terminal posts mitted on stairways. hatchway or chute opening from all except where such overhang does not 850-204.11 Treads. Treads Shan be renewed when the sur face, Including the nosing, shows wear to the extent of V* inch or more. All metal sides, the guarding requirements will be satisfied If bars, chains, or other ade quate protection is provided to prevent a person from falling through the opening. constitute a projection hazard. 6 50-204.28 Stair railing. A stair railing shall be of construction similar to a standard railing but the treads shall have a surface which will g 50-204.20 Floor hole. vertical height shall be not more than reasonably prevent slipping. g 50-204.12 Stairway ruilings and liumlroils. Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with a stair railing or handrails constructed to con Every floor hole except those described In sections 50-204.17,50-204.18.50-204.19 shall be guarded either by: (a) A railing constructed in conform ance with the requirement In sections 50-204.27 and 50-204.29 with standard toe board on all exposed sides; or 34 inches nor less than 30 Inches from upper surface of top rail to surface of tread in line with face of riser at forward edge of tread. (a) intermediate rails shall not be required where stairways are 22 inches or less In width. form to the requirements of sections tb) A floor opening cover, hinged In 50-204.29 Strength of standard railing 50-204.28 and 50-204.29 under the fol place. While the cover Is open, floor and stair railing. lowing conditions: (a) On stairways of width less than 44 Inches and having both sides en closed--at least one handrail on the right side descending. (b) On stairways of width less than 44 Inches and having one side open--at least one stair railing that shah be on the open side. (c) On stairways of width less than 44 Inches am) having both sides open-- one stair railing on each side. (d) On stairways of width 44 Inches or more but less than 88 Inches--one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side. re) On stairways 88 inches or more In width--one handrail on each enclosed side, one stair railing on each open side and one Intermediate sta.r railing lo cated approximately midway of the width. (f) Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail so offset as to prevent walking on any portions of the trends having width less than 6 inches. holes shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by a port able enclosing railing. Guarding or Open-Sided Floors, Plat forms and Runways g 50-204.25 Open-sided floor und plat form. (a) Every open-sided floor shall be guarded by a railing constructed in ac cordance with sections 60-204.27 and 50 204.29 on all open sides 5 feet or more above the adjacent floor or ground level, except where there is entrance to a romp, stairway or fixed ladder. The railing shall be provided with a toe board wherever, beneath the open sides, M) Persons can pass, <2j There Is moving machinery, or <3> There is equipment with which falling materials could create a hazard. <b> The intermediate railing and toe board required by sections 50-204.27 and SO-204.29 may be omitted whero ma terials have to be regularly passed over the edge of the floor (as in lumber stor The strength of standard railings and stair railings under different types of construction is specified as follows: (a) Wood railing: For wood railings, the posts shall be of at least 2 Inch by 4 Inch stock spaced not to exceed 8 feet; the top rails shall be of at least 2 Inch by 4 Inch stock or of two right angle pieces of at lc&st 1 Inch by 4 Inch stock and the Intermediate rails shall be of at least 2 Inc)i by 2 Inch stock or of at least l inch by 4 Inch stock. (b) Pipe railing: For pipe railings, the posts and top rails shall be metal pipe of at least IK inches Inside diameter and the intermediate rails shall be metal pipe of at least 1 inch Inside diameter. The spacing of posts shall not exceed 8 feet. tc) Structural metal railings: For structural metal railings, the posts and top rails shall be angle Iron of at least 1 la inches by 1*& inches by ''in Inch or other structural shapes of equivalent bending strength; and the Intermediate rails shall l>e angle iron of at least 1 Vi inches by 1K Inches by Vs inch or other Guarding of Floor Openings and age!, or where the railing is sot back 12 structural shapes of equivalent bending Floor Holes inches or more from the edge. strength. The spacing of posts shall not 5(1--201.17 Sluirway floor opening*. (cl The entire railing may be tempo exceed 8 feet. rarily removed from particular sections (d> Anchor posts: Hie anchoring of A railing constructed to conform to the of open-sided floors where regular oper posts and framing of members for rail requirements of sections 50-204.28 and ating conditions make a permanent vail ings of all types shall be of such con 50-204.29 shall be provided on all exposed ing wholly impracticable. struction that the completed structure sides of stairway floor openings (except at entrance to stairway). Standard toe 50-20 1.26 Itmn.iir gii:ir<ling. shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any boards shall be provided also, except in Every runway shall be guarded by a direction at any point of the top rail. stair towers. railing constructed In accordance with <e) Toe board: A toe board shall bo g 50-204.18 Laddcrwiiy liwir opening-. sections 50-204.27 and 50-204.29 on all open sides 5 feet or more above floor or 4 Inches in vertical height from top edge to the level of the floor, platform, run Every ladderway floor opening shall ground level. Wherever tools, machine way, or ramp. It shall be securely fas be guarded by a standard railing with parts or materials era likely to be used on tened in place and with not more than K standard toe board on all exposed sides, the runway, a toe board shall also be inch clearance above floor level. It may except at entrance to opening. provided on each exposed side. be made of any substantial material Wednesday, December 28, I960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13813 either solid or with openings not over 1 50-204.49 Painting of wooden ladders. 50--204.64 Pipe and oilier long stock. inch in length. Elevators '. Wooden ladders shall not be painted, Pipe and other long stock shall be as painting covers up defects. Linseed stored in suitable racks or blocked to 50-204.34 Elevator inspection.. oil or oil stain shall be used Instead. Elevator inspection by a competent 50-204.50 Stepladders. prevent spreading or rolling. Projecting ends shall be protected by location, rail ings, or banters. elevator inspection service or mainte nance contract on an annual basis will be acceptable as evidence of satisfactory installation and maintenance. 50-204.35 Hoistways. All stepladders shall be provided with an automatic locking device or spreader of not more than 40 degrees to hold the front and back sections in open position. g 50-204.51 Fixed fodders. 50-204.65 Hazardous cIiciuicnK Hazardous chemicals shall be distinc tively marked to indicate their nature and stored in containers or locations suitable to the material. All hoistway openings at the floor level to the elevator shall be protected by doors or gates either manually or me chanically operated, and interlocked with the elevator control so that it is impossible to start the elevator until the door or gate is locked in the closed posi tion, and also so that it is impossible to open the door or gate when the car is not at the lauding. 50-204.36 Under cur safely device. All elevators other than hydraulic ele vators shall be equipped with an under car safety device operated by speed gov ernor control that will hold the elevator in case of cable failure or over speeding. 50--204.37 Hatch limit controls. All types of elevators shall be equipped with upper and lower travel limit de vices that will normally bring the car to rest at either terminal, and a final limit (a) Rest platforms: If fixed ladders 8 50--204.66 Gases in cylinders. are used to ascend to heights exceeding 30 feet, a landing or rest platform shall be provided for each 30 feet or fraction thereof unless the ladder Is provided with safety c.ages, (b) Rails: Rails of fixed ladders to landings shall extend a distance of at least 3 feet above the landing. (c) Rungs: The rungs may be omitted above the landing. Where an employee must step a greater distance than 14 Inches from the ladder to roof, tank, hoist, etc., a landing shall be provided. (a) Cylinders shall be supported in an upright position so as to prevent them from falling or rolling. (b) Cylinders shall be kept away from excessive heat, such as the direct rays of the sun. (c) Cylinders shall be stored away from combustible materials. id) Empty cylinders shall be plainly marked "EMPTY," and the valves shall be closed. The empty cylinders Bhall be segregated from the full cylinders and returned to the supplier as soon as <d) Guard rails: All fixed ladder landings shall be equipped with a stand ard guard rail and toe boards, so ar ranged as to give the safest possible ac cess to the ladder. Such platforms shall practicable. (e) Valve covers shall be kept in place at all times when the cylinder is not in use. Outdoor Storace not be less than 24 inches in width. 50-201.71 Aisle spacing. Aisles and Passageways ' Aisles shall be maintained between switch that will prevent the movement in either direction if opened by the car as the result of excessive, over travel in either direction. Illumination 50-204.42 Mluiimiin standard). (a) Illumination shall be provided and distributed to all working areas as re quired in these regulations. (b) Seeing tasks requiring discrimina tion of fine detail under conditions of fair contrast and where the nature of the work is very exacting and prolonged shall be provided with a minimum of 100 foot-candles of illumination. (c) Seeing tasks requiring discrimina tion of detail over prolonged periods of time and under conditions of moderate contrast shall be provided with a mini mum of 50 foot-candles of Illumination. <d) Seeing tasks requiring moderate 8 50-204.56 Maintenance. Permanent aisles and passageways shall be kept cleav and in good repair, with no obstructions across or in aisles that might cause tripping. Where, due to lack of proper identification, aisles and passageways are likely to become hazardous, they shall be clearly defined by painted lines, curbings, or other methods of marking. 50--204.57 Aisle widths. Where industrial trucks are in custom ary use, one-way traffic aisles shall be at least 2 feet wider than the widest vehicle. Two-way aisles shall be at least 3 feet wider than twice the width of the widest vehicle. Material Storage 50-201.62 Height. piles, between buildings, and between piles and the boundary of the storage site. Aisles shall be wide so as to reduce the danger of spread of fire from pile to pile and to permit ready access for fire fighting or emergency removal of material. 50-204.72 Housekeeping. The entire storage site shall be kept free from unnecessary accumulations of combustible materials. Weeds and grass shall be kept down and the area kept clean. 50-204.73 Drainage. Proper drainage shall be provided. 8 50--204.74 Clciirunec sign*. Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided. 50--204.75 Deruil ami liuinpcr Irlork*, discrimination of detail over intermit tent periods of time and under conditions of normal contrast shall be provided with a minimum of 30 foot-candles of (a)All material in bags, containers, or bundles, stored in tiers, shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that it Is stable, so that it is Derail and bumper blocks shall be pro vided on spur tracks. 50-201.76 Traffic control sign*. Illumination. (c) Casual seeing tasks not involving discrimination of fine detail shall be pro vided with a minimum of 10 foot-candles of illumination. ff) Rough seeing tasks not requir ing critical seeing shall be provided with a minimum of 5 foot-candles of illumination Ladders secure against sliding or collapse. (b> Where automatic sprinkler pro tection is provided, clearance of at least 18 inches shall be maintained between the tops of materials and the underside of lowest beams or other overhead structures. Where reliance Is placed on hose streams, clearance of at least 3 feet shall be maintained between the 50--204.-17 Conulniclioi! mill use of portublo fodder*. tops of piles and the underside of the lowest beams, girders, or other obstruc Portable ladders shall be substantially built, set level and well secured. tions which restrict the play . streams over the material. of hose 50--204.48 Iluils of portable ladders. 8 50-204.63 Small article*. Traffic control signs to warn pedes trian, vehicular, and railroad traffic shall be provided. 50-204.77 Open |>il*, tanks vats, ilitclie-. i le. Covers or guard rails shall be provided to protect nil open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. near which people arc regularly employed. Flammable Liquids 50--201.82 Sources of ignition. All sources of ignition shall be pro hibited hi areas where flammable liquids Hails of portable ladders shall always Small articles shell be stored in con are stored, handled, and processed. project at least three feet above work tainers suitable to the material, such a:> Suitable warning and "No Smoking" ing level and shall be of sound material. small cans or trays that can bo stackod. signs shall be posted in ail such areas. 13814 ROlESANDREGULATIONS 50-204.83 Vegetation removal. The areas where flammable liquids are stored, -handled, or prccessed.sball be left eiear-oif rubbish. brush; long grass, or other combustible material at nil times. 5C~204y84 nmckceplng. Accumulationsof flammable liquids on fl^rsr'waMsi'ftiid other surfaces, arepro hibited. Ail spills of flammable liquids shali be cleaned up immediately. g i>0-20'l,85 Klerlrio.ll lighting. Electrical lighting shall be the only means Used lor artificial Illumination in areas where flammable liquids, vapor#, fumes, dust, or gases are present. All electrical equipment and installations shall be of the explosion proof type. materials shall- :be -Kept-tightly closed when notinnmpal use. 50-204.98 Storage locations. Sealed containers ot palpto, vamlthes, lacquers, thlhners, and other-flammable paint matprtois, shall'60 kept taa-wellventllated locatlpfl, flreO frbhi excessive heaVsWbke. sparks, flame, ordirectrays of the sun, 50-204.99 Storage of fliiiitmablcpalitt materials hi opened containers. Flammable paint materials, when in excess of 10 gallons and not exceeding 60 gallops, BhOll be stored in a ventilated steel cabinet, or a cabinet lined with nonoombustlble material, containers shall be kept tightly closed when riot in use, Fir* PBEVSHiito -.- 50^204,113 Eqmpbiehr gCTierai: effective operating ddhtfitiopr: IS !jsjys-. tetoatlc inipectlon of%Se-deviefesdsitei qulred. 50-204,114 Firtt^aid ilre 'figUtinii ex- l)nguislitri,B<meralra]cs.; ' The following general rule* shall be applied to alJ types orflret-aid -flre extingulshcrg: dovlcee&ectively. 50-204:60 Ventilation, All buildings, rooms and compart ments where flammable liquids are stored. .Modossed, or Used shall no prop when sot Is use, siulhbe amred^m wen- , ^??Uvely that they.%iirt-"'Jn erly.- ventilated' to prevent accumulation offlamthable vapors, ' 50-204.87 Refuse storage. JO' buildings, shops, or rooms where flammable il.qulds ire handled or stored, a SelUclosIng metal refuse can shall be provlded nnd malhtalhed ln good condi tion. ventilated steel pabihets. 50-204.101 Housekeeping. Paint scrapings and- paint saturated diseobsrdisasllhy.all be retnoved.fr.om the rein 50-204,102 Ventilation of harmful substances. ' " ....___ ,____ _____ _____________ peredWlth, -dhbm. a-V-^~U^^ dogged. ' " ' v '. 502204:115 Classification Of - ex'flitgiiisheri. 6-50*204,08 Open flume devices pro hiblicd. 'Open.^lame heating devices shall not be^iied^Q areas where flammable liquids Ventilation adequate to reduce the concentration -of hatpaiul substances hi the atmosphere Shall be provided; as referred to In section fitf-iOfiBBi ilstedbelow flresahd:"^''" .Ore;prcsent.; 50*204;89 Bonding- uml grounding. Storage- tanks and systems shall be eiectrlcany- bonded and grounded. -S0-204;90 Relief vent.. 50-204(103 vapor*. VentUation. offlununahlt at! cotabuB.tiblcmamrlalswhereweq^ Ihg m'd'O^llhg^ffedtajbfiiduan^ vatbr hrf^uonsJOontalpw Ri^ehqt'auslreed^'feWxtlnidgtuetsrhialhrgq!e^timpmeStSsoda, Storage tanks iShall be equipped with propervrellef vents. Tank vents shall hdt.'-be' located close to open flames, stacks,: Heating apparatus, or any. other soiifce/of lgpltlOn. Vent screens shall rptbepalnted. ' ;50t2Q4i9l StorogelnMlierlliiin fluinV- ihable .lorag^buildings. '... .:A?yehiilated sfeel; cabinet or , a cabinet llnedwlthhoncombustibiematorialshall 'beprbvldedifprthe'Btorage ofniore than rpaaitnvti^nvg.-dipping or similar processes are performed. 50-204,104 Smoking or ojpen flames prohibited. No sticking, Open flame, exposed flams-heatirtBelemehtsi orother sources of tgiilUph' of any kind shall- be per mitted lit `areas of- rooms where spray painting, paint dipping or similar proc esses are done, avwunaadteterarbcb.iaedra.ryeepiisai-uaantfiidpdbmbuuhcckkkB.eett*sx.,t--mg- u rl-sThers-br <b> outfit - nmbieji'q'm<js,;i^ rialsrwH^eplahketlnkdffOct'lsie^'ntlal. Required1 fbtjm',' embon ^tottAbfiloridei ppwder -type'' extlhgulshers^sorsisairid ahd-'rscoonV.-^ UJ.IIVUUV^AU) UUIUOia-.IUUlU<llUb';i)V<WKU In a confined ^vea'. -, inV;:bulldlng6 used, for other then Bforiigbv'"Not' mre: than a total-of 50 ^gaUphsWshaii :;i>e sjhreH in' a$y ope :'c;ab,iimt. 'norishqil ^V'todiriduaV'Cantamer;'exceed;6VgaUbnpBpaclty'lnsuoh %cabine^ 50*204,105 When electric'llgbts, s- trteal. equlpinjnt; arovnaoL--,,...------------ dOOr Epjay^palnUng;-;:patnt-^ similar. processea m'e - peiformed; or they. sure-kypeexUngulshers. shall be of.the exPlbslpnfprobf type, PREssuR*VrgsELs- .ft'hdvk^ "Bfidrageih 50-204ii06:le(;tric:motorii. drums'.of :over.:50'`gallbhs pi flammable 'llqtijda.'. Shallthe vbutstdeithe>wofk::rbbmi Elefctrte-mofciafl^ 50-204.120 Boilers. 5o^Z04.92 ' Safety containers. VJjiu Ottiwsy, vwMVtswtvaw uuHuvwuvswuy-vviitfimmi<^^|upAbia^l^idis^8i^n^t' 'of spilUns-:- : ' . ':\^-:',;.^::::FAWTsiANiiiPslKnwo' '50^264.97-*^iorag:^'pain : : cfl, lacquers, ihinner^. etc, .. ' .-"' .. Packages cpntainingpaints, varnishes. :. lacquers,' thihh'ers,: or. other volatile thprtiughly.-ienclbsed.v'. ' 1 i50-2204;i08^Y.8^raKe-.-of - ' cpnibusilble: ' M flimmslik cl, ......... .............. Wednesday, December 28, 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13815 It and the pressure reducer. There shall equal to eight diameters of the cable, or 50--204.139 Protection to oilier em be no means of cutting off or bypassing when the wires on the crown of the ployees. this safety valve. Inspection and ade quate maintenance of the vessel. Includ ing regular testing of the safety valve, are mandatory. 50-204.122 Unfired pressure vessels. (a) Air receivers shall be so Installed that all drains, handholes, and manholes therein are easily accessible. <b> Air receivers shall be supported with sufficient clearance to permit a com plete external inspection and to avoid corrosion of external surfaces. (c> Under no circumstances shall air receivers be bulled underground or lo cated in an inaccessible place. (d> The receiver shall be located as close to the compressor or aftercooler as Is possible to keep the discharge short (e) The receiver shall be located in a cool place to facilitate the condensation of moisture and oil vapors, strand are worn down to less than 60 percent of their original diameter. (d> Crane hoist cable shall be lu bricated and inspected at frequent Intervals. Ventilation and Protection in Welding AND CUXTINQ 50--204.135 -Welding and culling in confined space*, For the purpose of this section a con fined space shall mean: (a) A space of less than 10,000 cubic feet per welder, or (b) A space having an overhead height of less than 16 feet, or (c> A space in which there are struc tural barriers to the extent that they significantly obstruct cross ventilation. 50-204.135 Vcnlilutiim in confined paces. In all cases employees In the immedi ate vicinity of welding operations shall be protected In accordance with sections 60-204.269 and 50-204.298. 50--204.140 luerl-gus mctid-urc weld ing. Since the inert-gas metal-aro welding process involves the production of ultra violet radiation of Intensities five to thirty times that produced during shielded metal-aro welding, the decom position of chlorinated solvents by ultra violet rays, and the liberation of toxic fumes and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage in, or be exposed to the process unless: (a) The use of chlorinated solvents is kept at least 200 feet from the exposed arc; surfaces prepared with chlorinated solvents are thoroughly dry before welding Is permitted on such surface. Toots and Equipment 30-204.127 Maimenanrc. All welding and cutting operations car (b) Shaded goggles with side shields ried on in confined spaces shall be ade are worn by helpers and others in the quately mechanically ventilated to pre area not protected from the arc by Each employer shall be responsible for vent the accumulation of toxio gases or screening. the safe condition of the tools used by his possible oxygen deficiency or air sup (c) Protective clothing Is worn by employees, whether furnished by him or plied respirators approved by the U.S. welders and others within the area ex by them, and be sure that such tools are Bureau of Mines shall be provided to the posed to radiation so that the skin Is suited by safe design and construction welder and all other personnel in the covered completely to prevent burns and for the work to be done. immediate vicinity. other damage by ultraviolet rays; shirts 50-204.120 Portable electric power took. (a) Electric power tools showing worn, deteriorated or inadequate insulation, split or chipped plugs, worn or bent plugs, terminals, defective switch, shall be repaired. (b) Portable electric power tools shall be effectively grounded to maintali at all times an effective ground on the non current carrying parts of the tools. 50-204.129 Portable pneumatic took. (a) The operating trigger on portable hand-operated pneumatic equipment shall be so located as to minimize the 50--204.137 Mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation shall consist of either general ventilation systems or lo cal exhaust systems. <a> General ventilation shall be at the minimum rate of 2,000 cubic feet per minute per welder. (b) Local exhaust shall consist of freely movable hoods Intended to be placed by the welder as near as prac ticable to the work being welded and pro vided with a rate of air flow sufficient to maintain a velocity In the direction of the hood of 100 linear feet per minute In the zone of welding when the hood Is at Its most remote distance from the point worn are dark in color to reduce reflec tion to tho face from underneath the helmet; exposed cotton clothing Is cov ered since it disintegrates rapidly when exposed to high intensities of ultraviolet rays; welding helmets and hand shields are free of leaks and openings, and free of highly reflective surfaces. (d > Local exhaust ventilation or sup plied air respirators are provided in all cases when doing inert-gas metal-arc welding of stainless steel to protect against dangerous concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. 50-204. H1 (,'cncrat welding and cut ting. possibility of accidental operation and of welding. Welding and cutting not Involving shall be arranged to close the air inlet valve automatically when the pressure of the operator's hand Is removed. 50-204.138 Welding utid cutting in volving meink of toxic significance. conditions or materials described in sec tions 60-204.135 and 60-204.138 may normally be done without special pre (b) A tool retainer shall be installed fa) Welding and cutting Involving the cautions, but where, because of unusual on each piece of pneumatlo equipment following metals whether or not In con physical or atmospheric conditions, a which, without such a retainer, may fined spaces or in other enclosed spaces harmful accumulation of contaminants eject the tool. shall be done in accordance with the pro would exist, mechanical ventilation or (c> Mo tool change or work other than visions of sections 204.136 and 204.137. suitable respiratory protective equipment regular operations shall be matte or done <1> Zinc-bcarius: base of filter metals shall be provided. on any piece of portable hand-operated pneumatic equipment unless the stop or metals coated with zinc-bearing ma terials. Electrical Installation and Equipment valve in the air line supplying that equip (2) Lead base metals. 50-201.1-18 Klcctrlrul InMu lintton anil ment Is closed. (3) Cadmium-bearing filler materials. equipment. 50-201.130 (jil)|c., rope*. mid chains. (a) Chains, ropes, cables, hooks, rings, slings, and other devices and accessories used for hoisting and lifting shall not be subjected to greater workinc loads than recommended by their manufacturers. They shall be frequently inspected and shall be renewed when Jnpection reveals unsafe conditions. (b) Welding or cutting involving the following metals in confined spaces shall be done using local exhaust ventilation or air-llne respirators approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. < 1 > Metals containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metals coated with lead-bearing materials, including paint. (2) Cadmium-bearing or cadmium- coated base metals. Electrical conductors and equipment Installed within or on buildings and other premises and the conductors that connect the installation to a supply of electricity and other outside conductors adjacent to the premises shall conform to the minimum requirements of the Na tional Electrical Code, 1959 Edition, National Fire Protection Association. fb) Bolts or nails shall not be used (3> Metals coated with mercury-bear Mechanical Power Transmission to connect, splice, or shorten chains. ing metals, Including paint. Apparatus Knots shall not be tied in the chain. 'c> A hoist cable shall be considered (4) Beryllium-containing base or filler metals. Because of its high toxicity, 50-20 1.153 Flywheel*. unsafe and shall be replaced when upon work involving beryllium shall be done Flywheels located so that any pavt is Inspection 10 percent or more of the total with both local exhaust ventilation and 7 feet or less above floor or platform shall number of wires are broken in a length air-llnc respirators. be guarded in one of the following ways: 13816 RULES AND REGULATIONS (a) With an enclosure of sheet, perf 6ldea of the trough shall extend at least (c) Horizontal overhead belts more orated, or expanded metal, or woven 2 Inches beyond the shafting or protu than 7 feet above floor or platform shall wire. For standards, see sections 50 berance. For requirements regarding be guarded for their entire length under 204.179 and 00-204.180. materials and construction, 6ee sections the following conditions: (b) With guard rails placed not less 50-204.179 and 60-204.181. (1) If located over passageways or than 15 inches nor more than 20 Inches from rim. When flywheel extends into pit or is within 12 inches of floor, a standard toe board shall also be provided. For standards, see section 60-204.185. 50-204.159 Guarding vertical and in clined shafting. Vertical and inclined shafting 7 feet or less from floor or working platform, work places and traveling 1800 feet or more per minute. (2) If center to center distance between pulleys is 10 feet or more. (3) If belt is 8 inches or more In width. (c) An adjustable guard to be used for excepting maintenance runways, shall For detail of guard construction and for starting the engine or for running ad be "nelosed with a stationary casing in sizes of material see section 60-204.183 justment may be provided at the fly accordance with requirements of sections and table following section 50-204.184. wheel of gas or oil engines. A slot 50-204.179 and 60-204.181. (d) Where the upper and lower runs opening for the jack bar will be permitted. (d) Wherever flywheels are above working areas, guards shall be Installed having sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a 50--204.160 Projecting shaft ends. (a) Projecting shaft ends shall pre sent a smooth edge and end and shall not project more than one-half the di ameter of the shaft unless guarded by of horizontal belts are so located that passage of persons between them would be possible, the passage shall be either: <1) Completely barred by a guard rail or other barrier in accordance with sec tions 50-204.179 and 60-204.181, or shaft or wheel mounting failure. . nonrotating caps or safety sleeves. (2) Where passage is regarded as nec 50-204.154 Cranks and connecting rods. Cranks and connecting rods, when ex posed to contact, Shall be guarded in (b) Unused key-ways shall be tilled up or covered. 50--204.161 Power-transmission appa ratus located in basements. essary, there shall be a platform over the lower run guarded on either side by a railing completely filled in with wire mesh or other filler, or by a solid barrier. The upper run shall be so guarded as to accordance with sections 50-204.179 and All mechanical power transmission ap prevent contact therewith either by the 50-204.180 or by a guard rail as described paratus located in basements, towers, worker or by objects carried by him. In In section 50-204.185. and rooms used exclusively for power power plants, only the lower run of the % S0-204.155 Tail rods or extension piston rods. Tail rods or extension piston rods shall be guarded In accordance with sections 60-204.179 and 50-204.181 or by a guard rail on sides and end, with a clearance of not less than 15 nor more than 20 Inches when rod Is fully extended. transmission equipment shall be guarded in accordance with these standards, ex cept that the requirements for safe guarding belts, pulleys, and shafting may be omitted If the following con ditions are met: (a) The basement, tower, or room oc cupied' by transmission equipment is locked against unauthorized entrance. belt need be guarded. 50--204.164 Overhcud chain and link bell drives. Overhead chain and link belt drives are governed by the same rules as over head horizontal belts and shall be guarded In the same manner as belts (section 50-204.163). ' g 50-204.156 Governor balls. Governor balls 6 feet or less from the floor or other working level, when ex posed to contact shall be provided with an enclosure extending to the top of the governors balls when at their highest position. The material used in the con struction of this enclosure shall conform to sections 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. (b) The vertical clearance In passage ways between the floor and power trans mission beams, celling, or any other ob jects, is not less than 6 feet 6 Inches. (c) The footing Is dry, firm, and level. (d> The route followed by the oiler Is protected in such manner as to prevent accidents. 50-204.162 Pulleys. 8 50--204,165 Vertical and , inclined bells. (a) Vertical and Inclined belts shall be enclosed by a guard conforming to standards in sections 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. (b) All guards for inclined belts shall be arranged In such a manner that a minimum clearance of 7 feet Is main g 50-204.157 Sliufting installation. Any parts of which arc 7 feet or less tained between belt and floor at any (a) Each continuous line of shafting shall be secured in a position against ex cessive end-wise movement. (b) Inclined and vertical shafts, par ticularly inclined Idler shafts, shall be securely held In position against endwise thrust 8 50-204.158 Cuiirding horizontal sliufl. ing. from the floor or working platform shall be guarded In accordance vrtth the standaids specified under section 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. Pulleys serving as bal ance wheels (e.g., punch presses) on which the point of contact between belt and pulley Is more than 8 feet 0 inches from tho floor or platform may be guarded with a disk covering tho spokes. See section 50-204.180. point outside of guard. 8 50-204.166 Vertical belts. Vertical belts running over a lower pulley more than 7 feet above floor or platform shall be guarded at the bottom in the same manner as horizontal over head belts, if conditions are such as stated in section 50-204.163(c) (1), (2), and (3). (a) All exposed parts of horizontal shafting 7 feet or less from floor or work ing platform, excepting runways used 50-204.163 Horizontal belts, rapes and chain drives. 50-204.167 Cone-pulley bells, (a) The cone belt and pulley shall be exclusively for oiling, or running adjust (a) Where both runs of horizontal belts equippod with a belt shifter so con ments, shall be protected by a stationary aro 7 feot or less from the floor level, tho structed as to guard adequately the nip- casing enclosing shafting completely or guard shall extend to at least fifteen point of the belt and pulley. If the by a trough enclosing sides and top or incites above the belt or to a standard frame of the belt shifter does not ade sides and bottom of shafting as location height (see table, section 50-204.181) ex quately guard the nip-point of the belt requires. cept that where both runs of a hori and pulley, the nip-point shall be fur (b) Wherever shafting extends over a zontal belt are 42 inches or less from the ther protected by means of a vertical driveway, it shall be protected as stated floor, the belt shall be fully enclosed guard placed in front of the pulley and above unless it is located 15 feet or more In accordance with sections 50-204.179 extending at least to the top of the above driveway. and 50-204.181. In power plants or largest step of the cone. <c) Shafting under bench machines power-development rooms, a guard rail <b) If the belt is of the endless type or shall be enclosed by a stationary casing, may be used In lieu of the requirement laced with rawhide laces, and a belt or by a trough at sides and top or sides in section 50-204.163. shifter is not desired, the nip-point of and bottom, as location requires. The <b) Overhead horizontal belts, with the belt pulley shall be protected by a 6ldes of the trough shall come within at lower part 7 feet or less from the floor or nip-point guard located in front of the least 6 inches of the underside of table, platform, shall be guarded on sides and cone extending at least to the top of the or if shafting is located near floor, with bottom in accordance with section 50 largest step of the cone, and formed in 6 inches of floor. In every case the 204.183. to show the contour of the cone in order Wednesday, December 28, 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13817 to give the nip-point of the belt and covered with safety sleeves or where they 12 square feet, additional frame mem pulley the maximum protection. are used parallel with the shafting and bers shall be provided to maintain panel (c) II the cone Is located less than are countersunk or else do not extend area within this limit. 3 feet from the floor or working plat beyond the flange of the coupling. (5) All joints of framework shall be form, the cone pulley and belt shall be guarded to a height of 3 feet regardless of whether the belt Is endless or laced Guard Standards roa Mechanical Power Transmission made equivalent- in strength to the ma terial of the frame. with rawhide. 50-204.163 Gears. Gears shall be guarded in accordance with one of the following specifications: (a) A complete enclosure. (b) A standard guard as described in section 204.181 at least 7 feet high ex tending 6 Inches above the mesh point of the gears. (c) By a band guard covering the face of the gear and having flanges extended inward beyond the root of the teeth on the exposed side or sides. Where any portion of the train of gears guarded by a band guard is less than 6 feet from the floor a disk guard or a complete enclosure to the height of 6 feet shall be required. 50-204.179 Muterlaln. (a> Standard conditions will be se cured by the use of the following ma terials: Expanded metal, perforated or solid metal or wire mesh on a frame of angle iron or iron pipe securely fastened to floor or to frame of machine (see sec tion 50-204.181). <1> All metal shall be free from burrs and sharp edges. (2) Wire mesh shall be of the type In which thq wires are securely fastened at every cross point either by welding, soldering, or galvanising, except In case of diamond or square wire mesh made of No. 14 gauge wire, % Inch mesh or heavier. <b> Design of guards: 50-204.180 Disk, shield, and "L" guard*. (a) Disk guard; A disk guard shall consist of a sheet-metal disk not less than No. 22 gauge fastened by "U" bolts or rivets to spokes of pulleys, flywheels, or gears. Where possibility of contact with sharp edges of the disk exists, the edge shall be rolled or wired. In all oases the nuts shall be provided with lock nuts which shall be placed on the unex posed side of the wheel. . <b) Shield guards. (1) A shield guard shall consist of a frame filled In with wire mesh, expanded, perforated, or solid sheet metal. (2> If area of shield does not exceed 6 square feet the wire mesh or expanded 50-204.169 Sprockets and chains. (1) Where It is necessary to change metal may be fastened In a framework All sprocket wheels and chains shall be enclosed unless more than 7 feet belts, make adjustments or apply ofl or grease, guards shall have hinged sec of % Inch solid rod, % inch x % Inch x Va inch angle Iron or metal construction above the floor or platform. Where the drive extends over other machines or tions or be removable. (2) Guards shall be designed so as not of equivalent strength. (3) Metal shields may have edges en working areas, protection against fall ing shall be provided. 50-204.170 Opening'* for oiling. to Interfere with the usual machine op erations, but give the maximum protec tion to the operator. (c) Methods of manufacture: tirely rolled around a % Inch Bolld iron rod. All material of shield guard shall meet the requirements of section 50-204.181. When frequent oiling must be made, openings with hinged or sliding self closing covers shall be provided. All points not readily accessible shall have oil feed tubes If lubricant is to be added while machinery is in motion. 50-204.171 Friction drive*. (a) The driving point of all friction drives when exposed to contact shall be guarded. (b) All arm or spoke friction drives and all web friction drives with holes in the web shall be entirely enclosed. (1) Filler material shall be expanded metal, sheet or perforated metal, or wire mesh and be securely fastened to frame. (2) By welding to frame every 4 Inches. By weaving through channel or angle frame, or if No. 14 gauge % inch mesh or heavier is used, by bending en tirely around rod frames. (3) Where openings in pipe railing are to be filled In with expanded metal, wire or sheet metal, the filler material shall be made Into panels with rolled edges or bound with "V" or "U" edging (e) "U" Guards: A "U" guard con sisting of a flat surface with edge mem bers shall be designed to cover the under surface and lower edge of a belt, multiple chain, or rope drive. It shall be con structed of materials specified In table of section 50-204.181 and shall conform to the requirements of sections 60 204.183 and 50-204.184. Edges shall be smooth, and If size of guard requires, these edges shall be reinforced by rolling, wiring, or by binding with angle or flat Iron. (c) All projecting bolts on friction of No. 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal 50--204.181 Approved materials. drives where exposed to contact shall be guarded. 50-204.172 Key*, set screws, and other projections. All projecting keys, set screws and other projections in revolving parts shall be removed or made flush or guarded by metal covers. This does not apply to keys or set screws within gear or sprocket fastened to the panels with bolts or rivets spaced not more than 5 inches center to center. The bound panels shall be fastened to the railing by sheet-metal clips spaced not more than 5 inches center to center. (4) Where the design of guards re quires (Uled material of greater area than (a) Minimum Requirements. The materials and dimensions specified in this section shall apply to all guards ex cept horizonal overhead belts, rope, cable or chain guards more than 7 feet above floor, or platform. (For the latter, see table following section 50-204.184.) T.tni.K or 5*T.\.vp\7U> MatKRUI.v \St> UlMKWHilfX* casings or other enclosures, nor to keys, set screws, or oil cups in hubs of pulleys less than twenty Inches In diameter where they are within the plane of the Millet ini Cleuruiteu (rout moving iinrt nl all points Lurttesl iriesli or opcnliiK olliwnljlo Minimum pause (C.W. standard) or tlitckocn Minimum lieiplit of Emtrd from door or platform lord rim of the pulley. 50-204.173 Collar.-.. All revolving collars, including split collars, shall be cylindrical, and screws or bolts used in collars shall not project beyond the largest periphery of the collar. 50--201.174 Couplings. (a) Shaft couplings shall be so con Woven * ire... Ktpnndrd metal fCnder 2"............... ................. 2"-i"..................... Under 4". ____ V*-I6M.................... .................. Under 4"............... CTndtT 4"......... JJJwvt inrtnl.............................. . /Under 4"............... ................... Under 4"............... t"-I5"................... M"......................... U!.......................... No to......................... No. 12.......................... ) No. 18.......................... H"......................... Vo 20.......................... ........................... N'0. H.......................... No. 22...................... No. 22_____ ____ ___ _ ......................... / wood n".................... 1 Metal No. in............... 2"........................... /Wood *i".................... 7'0". 7*0". 7*0". 7*0". 7*0" r</". 7*0". 7*0". 7*0". 7*0". k'o". structed as to present no hazard from bolts, nuts, set screws, or revolving sur faces. <b) Bolts, nuts, and set screws will, however, be permitted where they are Wood or metal strip not trussed- Rtri nil.................. ......... ... Min. 10"............... (.Mai. 20"............ . /Wood V,".................... 1 Metal No. Ill............... /Wood ?i".................... \ Metal No. 10............... Wo. 2dlr~Vart n------2 13818 RULES AND REGULATIONS <b) Framework: (l) Minimum dimensions of material for the framework of all guards except as noted In subparagraph (5) of this paragraph shall be angle iron 1 Inch x 1 Inch x % inch, metal pipe of % Inch in side diameter or metal construction of equivalent strength. <2) All guards shall be rigidly braced every 3 feet or fractional part of their height to some fixed part of machinery or building structure. Where guard is exposed to contact with moving equip belt and follow tire line of the pulley to the celling or be carried to the nearest wall, thus enclosing the belt effectively. Where belts are so located as to make It Impracticable to carry the guard to wall or ceiling, construction of the guard 6hall be such as to enclose completely the top and bottom runs of belt and the face of pulleys. See section 50-204.183 (b) and <c). (b) The guard and all its supporting members shall be securely fastened to wall or ceiling by gimlet-point lag screws of the pulleys which the guard encloses thus forming a trough. These side filler members shall be reinforced on the edges with 2% Inch x y inch fiat steel, riveted to the filling material at not greater than 8 Inch centers; the reinforcing strip shall be fastened or bolted to all guard sup porting members with at least one % Inch rivet or bolt at each Intersection, and the ends shall be secured to the cell ing with lag screws or bolts. The filling materials shall be fastened to the frame work of the guard and the filler supports ment additional strength is necessary. or through bolts. In case of masonry by %o inch rivets spaced on 4 inch cen <3> The framework for all guards construction, expansion bolts shall be ters. The width of the multiple drive fastened to floor or working platform used. shall be determined by measuring the and without other support or bracing <c> Suitable reinforcement shall be distance from the outside of the first to shall consist of lMs Inch x U& Inch x Yt provided for the ceiling rafters or over the outside of the last rope or chain in inch angle iron, metal pipe or 1% Inch head floor beams, where such is neces the group accommodated by the pulley. Inside diameter or metal construction of equivalent strength. All rectangular sary, to sustain safely the weight and stress likely to be Imposed by the guard. 50-204.185 Guard rails and loe boards. guards shall have at least 4 upright The Interior surface of all guards, by (a) Guard rails shall be 42 inches In frame members each of which shall be which is meant the surface of the guard height, with mid-rail between top rail carried to the floor and be securely with which a belt will come In contact, and floor. fastened thereto. shall be smooth and free from all pro (b) Posts shall be not more than 8 (4) Cylindrical guards shall have at jections of any character, except where feet apart; they are to be permanent and least 3 supporting members carried to construction demands it; protruding substantial, smooth, and free from pro floor. shallow round-head rivets may be used. truding nails, bolts, and splinters. If <6) Guards thirty inches or less in Overhead belt guards shall be at least made of pipe, the post shall be iy Inches height and with a total surface not In one-quarter wider than the belt which Inside diameter, or larger. If made of excess of ten square feet may have a they protect, except that this clearance metal shapes or bars, their section shall framework of % Inch solid rod, % inch need not In any case exceed 8 Inches on be equal in strength to that of 1% by 1% x % inoh x % inch angle or metal con each side. Overhead rope drive and by Vto inch angle iron. If made of wood, struction of equivalent strength. The block and roller-chain-drive guards shall the posts shall be 2 x 4 inches or larger. filling material shall correspond to the be not less than 6 inches wider than the The upper rail shall be 2 x 4 lnci ns or requirements of the table contained in drive on each side. two 1x4 strips, one at the top anu one paragraph (a> of this section. (e) The specifications given In para graphs (a) and (b) of this section are the minimum requirements; where guards are exposed to unusual wear, deteriora tion or Impact, heavier material and construction shall be used to protect amply against the specific hazards involved. In' overhead silent chain-drive guards where the chain Is held from lateral displacement on the sprockets, the side clearances required on drives of 20 inch centers or under shall not be less than Vi inoh from the nearest moving chain part and on drives of over 20 Inch centers a minimum of % inch from the nearest moving chain part. 50-204.182 Wood guard*. (d) The table following section BO- (a) Wood guards may be used in the 204. 184 gives sizes of materials to be woodworking and chemical Industries. In Industries where the presence of fumes used and general construction of guards for belts 10 Inches or more in width. or where manufacturing conditions No material for overhead belt guards at the side of posts. The mid-rail shall be 1 x 4 inches or more. The rails (metal shapes, metql bars, or wood), shall be on that side of the posts which gives the best protection and support. Where panels are fitted with expanded metal or wire mesh as noted In table, section 204.181 the middle rails may be omitted. Where guard is exposed to contact with moving equipment, addi tional strength may be necessary. (c) Toe boards shall be 4 Inches or, more In height, of wood, metal, or of metal grill not exceeding l inch mesh. would cause the rapid deterioration of should be smaller than that specified in Miscellaneous Machine Guarding metal guards; also In construction work and in locations outdoors where extreme cold or extreme heat makes metal guards this tabic for belts 20 to 14 Inches wide, even if the belt is less than 10 Inches in width. However, No. 20 goure sheet SO--204.190 Lathes screw machines. and automatic and railings undesirable. In all other metal may be used as a filler on guards (a) Chucks and face plates Shall be Industries, wood guards will not be for belts less than 20 Inches wide. Ex free from projections, and dogs, if used, allowed. panded metal, because of the sharp shall be of the safety type only--circular <b) Material and construction. edges, shall not be used as a filler in hori In shape with no projections beyond the (1) Wood shall be sound, tough, and zontal belt guards. periphery. free from any loose knots. (e) For clearance between guards and (b) Chip guards to catch flying chips, <2) Guards shall be made of planed belts, ropes or chains of various center particularly in the case of the high lumber not less than one inch rough to center dimensions between the shafts, speeds used in the softer metals, shall be board measure and edges and corners see bottom of table following section provided. rounded off. 50-204.184. <c) Rotating stock in turret lathes and <3) Wood guards shall be securely fastened together with wood screws, hard wood dowel pins, bolts, or rivets. 50--204.184 Giiurtl* for liarixmitul o\orlicml rape and vliuin drive*. automatic screw machines shall be com pletely enclosed in pipe long enough to contain the longest stock used. . (4) While no definite dimensions are Overhead-rope and chain-drive guard (d) Suitable shields and oil catchers given under this heading for framework construction shall conform to section 60 shall be provided to prevent slipperiness or filler materials, wood guards shall be 204.183 for overhead-belt guard con from oil thrown from the automatic equal In strength and rigidity to metal struction of similar width, except that screw machines. guards specified In section 50204.181(a) <b) (c). 15) For construction of standard wood railing, see section 50-204.185. the filler materials shall be of the solid type as shown in table following section 50-204.181 (a) unless the fire hazard de mands the use of open construction. A 50--204.191 Drill |ircsi% (a) All projections on the rotating spindle and as much as possible of the S 50--204.183 Guards overhead belts. for horizontal side guard member or the same solid fill ing material shall be carried up In a vertical position 2 inches above the level spindle itself should be guarded. (b) Spindle drive belts, when In range of the operator's head or body, shall be (a) Guards tor horizontal overhead of the lower run of the rope or chain guarded to protect the operator from belts shall run the entire length of the drive and 2 inches within the periphery both contact and breakage. Wednesday, December 28,1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13819 CU-jinu RKQuiBMturra bob Horizontal Otcbbbac Belts, Rorse, and Cuaiks r Fust on Mqrk ahovk Floor on Flattohh Mombcrs Over 10" to 11" luct. Width Over 14" to 24" loci. Over 24" Material Prnmowork........ ..................... 2" * t" x Mo"....... 3"xa"*)("....... AUnto Iron* Filler (belt cuydf)--------- --- Filler nnd vertical tills member.. Filler supports.....--............. NXWo.*2x0?a<Na"v....U..._.._.._. V x tU" flat Iron. ....... No. 18 A.W.O. ... Fill"lint Iron.. 2"x Me"............. No. 18 A.W.O.... %aWngxleJ. M" x M" Solid slicet melnl. Flat Sc Anglo. Guard supports...................... 2"X?lo"............. Fill".............. 2M"XM"............ Flat iron. rASTKNINCS Killer supports lo framework-- Filler flrtfa to supports (belt (2) Hr,"................ (1) JU"............... (2) H" ......... (1) Mo"................ pHi" .............. (2) H"................. Ulvcls. Flush rivets. Ffiior^to friuno nud supjmrU Ms" rivets fpaced. b" centers mi sides ml 4" centers on boiHorn. (ru| utid otaalu snrjrds). tfiuird smfiports to framework... (!) M"................. (lusrd und stmpuria to overhead cvilitic. il"scXre8wshu"rlU*B}" holt s. (?24)s"cHxreo4w"s"..Uo..rg..H............ foolfc*. f(?( >E"0;", b>.K........... (tcrowi! or *1" bolts, Rivets or twills. Img kcrow# or bolts. DBTAM.ll * KI'ACIM., KTC. Width ol wards--.............. -- Spacing betweon filler eupports.. Spacing bolwoou filler Oat (belt onc-Munrtcr wider 1 lion hell, rojie, or chaln drive. 2l"0. to 0........... 2" opart............... 21H0""C01. 'tiuir0l...................... 10" O. loC___... 3" apart............... wards). . Spacing betwocu guardsupports. 30" C. to C' . 30" C. lu C.......... 30" O. to C.......... OTJIKB BKI.T GUARD riLM.Nfl renuoTEo Sheet metal fastened ns in rape and chain guards. Woven wire, 2" incsh............... No, 20 A.W.O...-. No. 18 A.W.O .. No. Ifl A.W.O.-. Solid oi* per* forutod, No. 12 A.W.O___ No. 10 A.W.O.... No. B A.W.O....... CLEARANCE rK<l>l OtTMUE Or BELT, BOrE, On CflAl.V mini! TO OIIAIUJ (b) General requirements for point of opera tions guarding. Every point of op eration guarding device shall be simple and reliable in construction, application, and adjustment, ft shall be perma nently attached to the press or the die. It shall not offer any accident hazard In itself. (1) The device shall be designed and constructed so that it is Impossible for the operator to place or permit his hand or fingers to remain within the danger zone created by the movement of the ram. (2) Care shall be used In the selection of the method of guarding for each par ticular job. Guards shall.be installed, maintained, and adjusted to produce safe operation at each setting of the press. (3) Guards which are attached to the ram and which move downward so that the operator's hand or fingers might be caught between gate and lower die shall not be used. * (c) Fixed barrier guard. (1) A fixed barrier guard is an enclosure to prevent the hands or fingers of the operator from entering the area between the dies. It may be attached to the press or Individ ual guards may be attached to the dies. (2) There shall be no exposed shear points between the guard and any mov ing part. Dlstnneacenter locenterofshalis. OInaranoe from bolt, rope, or Uy to u* Inti..--.- Over IS' to V( Ind. 10"...................... Over 25# to iV luctIS"...................... Over 40'. 20". chain to guard. (3) Openings in the guard or between the guard and working surface shall not be greater than those Shown in the Table below; g 50-204.192 Pinners nnd shupers (metal). (a) The spaces between the Ways of planer frames shall be filled in smoothly with heavy sheet metal to eliminate the shear hazard. (b) Where there is not a 12-lnch clearance between a fixed object and the planer table and the work canted on the table, a ratlins shall be provided between the fixed object and the table and the work on the table to protect workers consist of a two-handed device requiring the simultaneous use of the worker's two hands at points outside the zone of danger. (b) In addition to the point of opera tion guard or device described in sec tion 50-204.194(a), the power-driven guillotine cutter shall be provided with an arrangement which will prevent the cutter from making a second stroke until the lever or two-handed device is again used. Permissible Openings (inches) Distance of opening from nip point: Maximum width of opening Oft to V)4.................. 4 l)4toa%.......................................... % 3% to 3%........................................ --3V4 to 514..................-................ 6)4 to e%.........................~............. eVito7(4.......................................... % % % % 714 to8V4....... --.............................. 1% (4) For the portion of the guard be tween the operator and the die or work passing between the fixed object and the g 50--204.195 Power presses. ing area, it Is required that %<i-lnch planer. 50-204.193 Shears. (a) Alligator shears shall he guarded by running a heavy U-shaped metal strap horizontally around the moving (upper) Jaw with the lower edge of the (a) Safeguarding classification. One or more means of safeguarding the press at the point of operation shall be pro vided and used on every power' press, depending upon the method of feeding, in accordance with the following; minimum vertical steel rods, vertically slotted material, or shatterproof, non flammable, transparent material be used. Mesh, or perforated plate shall not be used between the operator and the die. (5> Any hinged or movable section of a fixed barrier guard shall be con strap just far enough above the cutting SsrcctrAnoiNC Classification nected to an interlocking device that will edge of the fixed (lower) jaw to allow the Method of feeding prevent trippiug the press while the sec material to be Inserted In the shears. press Safeguarding required tion is open. (b> Squaring shears shall be provided with a fixed barrier which clears tho top of the table by not more than % inch plus the minimum thickness of material for which used. Automatic clamps shall be acceptable as guards when cutouts are filled In so that fingers of the op erator cannot enter the danger zone. Automatic feed: Fixed barrier guard or Automatic roll feed, gate guard (section Automatic push, 80-204.res (o), (d) pull ot dial feed. Semiautomatic feed; Fixed barrier guard or Chuta teed (both gate guard (section gravity and fol- 60-204.IBS (e). (d) low feed). Slide or push road. Sliding dies. (d> Gafe guards. (11 A gate guard is a movable barrier arranged so that it completes the enclosure of the point of operation before the operating clutch can become engaged. (2) Openings in the barrier of the gate guard shall be not greater than those specified for the openings in fixed barrier 50--204.194 Guillotine cutters, powerdriven. (a) Power-driven guillotine cutters Dial feed. Revolving dies. Manual feedFixed barrier guard cv gate guard, two- guards In section 60-204.195 (c) (3). The mechanism of the guard shall be de signed so that there will be no positive shall be equipped with a guard or device hand tripping device, linkage or other close motion which may which will prevent the hands of the workers from entering the zone traveled by the knife while the knife Is In motion. or pull-out guard, electronic sweep guard (section 50 204.196 (c). (d), (e), trap tire hand of the operator. (3> Gate guards shall Include either fixed or movable side enclosures around This may be a fixed barrier or It may (0. (g). <h)) the die. 13820 RULES AND REGULATIONS (4) When the speed of the ram is so reach behind the guard In the danger g 50--204.198 Platen presses. slow that an operator might beat the ram on the down stroke after the press has been tripped, the gate guard shall be designed so that the gate remains closed until the ram has completed the down stroke. (c) Two-hand tripping device. (l) Two-hand tripping devices include only those which make it impossible to trip the press without the simultaneous zone before the ram has completed its downward stroke. (3) The sweep or sweeps shall not offer any hazard of or in themselves by creating a shear hazard between the sweep aim and press tie rods, die straps, or other parts of the press or guard. (i) One-hand tripping device. When ever a press is set up so as to require tripping the ram or plunger by one hand, Platen presses shall be provided with an automatic feed device, an automatic stop device, a guard gate or sweep motion device, or another device, all as defined in this section. (a) An automatic feed device is one which does not require the operator's hand to be placed between the platen and bed. (b) An automatic stop device is one use of both hands outside the danger additional guarding as specified in sec which will prevent the platen from dos zone, it shall be designed, located, and tion 50-204.195 shall be provided. ing if the hand or hands of the operator arranged so as to prevent tying, wedging, (J) Special hand tools. Hand tools are caught between the platen and the or otherwise securing one handle or but for placing and removing material shall bed. ton or operating it with any gesture or be such as to permit easy handling of (c) A guard, cate or sweep motion device and tripping the press while the material without the operator's placing device, is one which will throw the op other hand may be In the danger zone. a hand in the danger zone. Such tools erator's hands out of the way before (2) on frictlon-clutch-o p e r a t e d shall not be accepted In lieu of other the press closes. It the guard is of the presses, the controls shall be arranged so guarding ns provided in this section. type which lifts the hands out of the that If any hand Is removed from a con trol during the down stroke of the ram, g 50--204.196 Foot presses. danger zone, it shall rise at least 4 Inches above the platen before the press closes. It will be instantly stopped. <3) Where two or more persons are Foot presses shall be guarded by one or more of the guards described to sec The guard shall be arranged so that it will prevent a shear between the guard engaged in the operation of a single tion 50-204.195 (a) to (d>, inclusive. and the top of the platen. press, separate two-hand controls shall (a) Fixed barrier guards. Fixed bar (d) "Another device" is one that will be provided for each person, except that rier guards shall conform to section 60- prevent the platen from closing on the an auxiliary foot control (air or electric) 204.195(0). operator's hands before they are removed may be used in lieu of one set of two-hand (b) Limitation of stroke. If a foot from between the platen and the bed. controls, provided the foot control is located so that the nip point Is out of the or kick press Is guarded by limitation of the ram stroke, the adjustment must be g 50-204.199 Abrasive wheels. reach of the operator, but the foot con trols shall in no case be less than a dis set and looked securely in position to (a) The machine shall be securely limit the maximum travel of the ram to mounted on substantial floors, benohes, tance of 36 inches measured horizontally from the nip point. <f) Pull-out (wards. (1) Pull-out guards shall be so constructed as to be attached to the operator's hands or arms and connected to the ram, plunger, or outer slide of the press In such a way that the operator's hands and fingers will be withdrawn from the danger zone before the ram, plunger, or outer slide descends to a hazardous point. (2) Where the open distance between the top of the work and the lower ex tremity of the punch is less than 2 Inches the multiplying action of this guard shall % inch on each stroke. There shall foundations or other adequate structures. be no pinching or crushing hazards be (b) Guards. Every stationary abra tween other parts of the ram or die shoe. sive wheel and portable wheel used in (o) Gate guards. A gate shall be de stationary position shall be equipped signed to close the opening at the front of the press before the foot lever can be operated. ' with a hood or band guard strong enough to withstand the shock of a bursting wheel. A guard of this type shall also (d> Two-hand operation, Two-hand operations shall conform to section 50- 204.195(e). (e) Sweep guards. Sweep guards shall conform to section 00-204.195 (h). it) Pull-out guards. Pull-out guards shall conform to section 50-4204.195 (f). <g) Location. Foot presses shall not be used on every portable wheel where the nature of the work will permit. (c) Spindle. The spindle and nut and flange projection, if any, shall be guarded. (d) Mountings and fastenings. Hoods shall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheels, and the strength of the fastenings shall ex be such that the hands will be with be located in a position which will permit ceed the strength of the hood. drawn a safe distance before this open the operating lever to extend into an <e) Dust exhaust provisions. Hoods distance Is V4 closed. aisle or passageway. on machines used for dry grinding and (g) Electronic safety device. (l) <h> Mounting. Foot presses 6hall be other operations where dust is produced An electronic safety device shall be securely bolted to the floor. shall have provisions made for connec so designed and installed that when the operator's hand or any part of the body is In the die zone, the press cannot be tripped and if the hand or any part of the body is Insetted while the ram is in a downward motion, it will immedi ately stop the ram. * (2) These guards shall be operated from a circuit wired so that Interruption of the electric current will automatically nrevent the press from tripping until the current has been restored. (3) Electronic safety devices shall not be used on positive clutch presses where the ram continues for a complete stroke 50-204.197 Ollier power-press tiufeljr devices. (a) Treadle guard. A substantial guard shall be placed over the treadle of every foot-operated power press to prevent accidental tripping. (b> Foot treadle. The use of tension springs or counterweights on any treadle shaft or tension springs on any treadleshaft lever is prohibited. (c) Latch on hand-operating lever. Hand-operated power presses, shall be equipped with a spring latch on the op erating lever to prevent accidental or tion to an exhaust system. <t) Work rests. Work rests shall be kept adjusted close to the wheel with a maximum distance of Vs Inch to prevent the work from being caught between the wheel and the rest. g 50--204.200 Revolving drums and cyl inder?. Every revolving barrel, drum or other revolving container shall be guarded by an enclosure which, is interlocked with the driving mechanism, so that the barrel or drum cannot revolve unless the guard enclosure is In place. after each tripping of the press. premature tripping. 50-204.201 Fans. <h) Sweep guards. (l) Sweep guards may be provided with cither single or double sweep aims. The sweep arm. or arms, shall be connected to the ram In such a way as to forcibly sweep the <d) Interlocking device. Each hand- operated power press, if tended by more than one person at one time shall con form to the requirements of section 50204.195(e) (1) and (3). When the periphery of the blades of a Ian is less than 9 feet above the floor or working level the blades shall be guarded. hands of the operator from the die zone <e) Single-stroke attachments. On Woodworking Machinery as the ram or plunger descends and be fore there is danger of injury. positive-type clutch presses a single stroke attachment shall be provided, by 50--204.208 Circular table saws. (2) Sweep guards shall bo so designed which the treadle or operating lever is (a) Guards. Each circular saw shall and operated that the operator cannot disconnected after each stroke. be guarded by a hood which shall com- Wednesday, December 28, 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13821 pletely enclose that portion of the saw from flying splinters, broken saw teeth, zontal head shall be equipped with a above the table and shall be arranged so etc., and will deflect sawdust away from cylindrical cutting head, the knife pro that the hood will automatically adjust the operator. The sides of the lower jection of which shall not exceed Ye inch itself to the thickness of, and remain In exposed portion of the blade shall be beyond the cylindrical body of the head. contact with, the material being cut. guarded to the full diameter of the blade (2) The clearance between the edge Where there is a possibility of contact by a device that win automatically ad of the rear table and the cutter head with a portion of a circular saw beneath just Itself to the thickness of the stock shall be not more than Vs inch. The or behind the saw table, that portion and remain in contact with stock being table throat opening shall be not more shall be covered with a guard to prevent cut to give maximum protection possible than 2 '/a Inches when tables are set or accidental contact with the saw. for the operation being performed. aligned with each other for zero cut. (b> Spreaders. Each circular ripsaw <b) Spreaders. When radial saws are (b) Automatic guards. (1) Each shall be furnished with a spreader to used for ripping, a spreader shall be pro hand-fed Jointer with a horizontal prevent material from squeezing the saw vided meeting the requirements ex cutting head shall have an automatic or being thrown back on the operator. pressed in section 50-204.20fl<b). ^guard which wll] cover all the section A spreader need not be used for work (c) Non-kickback fingers or dogs. of the head on the working side of the which is restricted to grooving, dadoing, Each radial saw used for ripping shall fence or gage. The guard shall keep or rabbeting. be provided with non-kickback fingers or the operator's hand from coming In con (c) Non-kickback fingers or dogs. dogs located on both sides of the saw tact with the revolving knives. The Each circular ripsaw shall be provided so. as to oppose the thrust or tendency of guard shall automatically adjust itself to with non-kiclcback fingers or dogs so the saw to pick up the material or to cover the unused portion of the head located as to oppose the thrust or tend throw it back toward the operator. and remain In contact with the material ency of the saw to pick up the material <d) Adjustable stops and return de at all times. or to throw it back toward the operator. vices. An adjustable stop shall be pro (2) Each hand-fed Jointer with hori SO--204.209 saws. Swing and sliding cut-off vided to prevent the forward travel of the blade beyond the position necessary to complete the cut in repetitive operations. zontal cutting head shall have a guard which will cover the seotion of the head back of the gage or fence. The requirements expressed in this section.apply to all swing cut-off saws g 50--204.212 Portable clrinlur saws. <3) Each wood Jointer with vertical head shall have either an exhaust hood .and to those sliding cut-off saws which All portable power-driven saws shall or other guard so arranged as to enclose are mounted above the table. be equipped with guards above and below completely the revolving head, except for (a) Hood. Each of the saws to which the base plate or shoe. The upper guard a slot of such width as may be necesssary this section applies shall be provided shall cover the saw to the depth of the and convenient for the application of with a hood that shall completely en teeth, except for the arc required to material to be Jointed. close the upper half of the saw, the arbor end, and the point of operation at all positions of the saw. The hood shall permit the base to be tilted. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc S 50-204.215 Wood shapers, hand-fed panel raisers, and similar machines. be constructed In such a manner and of required to allow proper retraction and (a) The cutting heads of each wood such material that it will protect the contact with the work. When the tool shaper, hand-fed panel raiser, or other operator from flying splinters and broken is withdrawn from the work, the lower similar machine not automatically fed, saw teeth. It shall be designed so that guard 6hall automatically and Instantly shall be enclosed with a cage or adjust it will automatically cover the lower por return to covering position, able guard designed to keep the opera tion of the blade, so that when the saw is returned to the back of the table the hood will rise on top of the fence, and g 50--204.213 saws. Bund saws anil bund re tor's hands away from the cutting edge. The diameter of circular shaper guards shall be not less than the greatest di when the saw Is moved forward the hood (a) Enclosing band-saw blades. All ameter of the cutter. In no case shall will drop on top of and remain In con portions of the saw blade shall be en a warning device of leather or other tact with the table or material being closed or guarded, except tor the work material attached to the spindle be cut. ing portion ol the blade between the bot acceptable. (b) Counterweights. Each of the tom of the guide rolls and the table. <b> Cylindrical heads shall be used saws to which this section applies shall Band-saw wheels shall be fully encased. whenever the nature of the work will be provided with an effective device to The outside periphery of the enclosure permit. return the saw automatically to the back shall be solid. The front and back of (c) All double-spindle shapers shall of the table when released at any point the band wheels shall be either enclosed be provided with a starting and stopping in Its travel. (e) Limit stops. Limit chains or other equally effective devices shall be provided to prevent the saw from swinging beyond the front or back edges of the table. <d> Latches. A latch or equivalent device shall be provided to prevent the saw from rebounding upon its return to the rear of the table. 50--204.210 Invcrlnl i-wing cul-oll' xuws . (jump saws). by solid material or by wire mesh or perforated metal. Such mesh or per forated metal shall be not less than 0.037 inch <17.6. Gauge No. 20), and the open ings shall be not greater than % inch. Solid material used for this purpose shall be of an equivalent strength and firm ness. The guard for the portion of the blade between the sliding guide and the upper-saw-wheel guard shall protect the operator from the saw blade at the front and outer side. Brakes shall be pro device for each spindle. 8 50-204.216 Planing, molding, slicking and mulching machines. (a) Each planing, molding, sticking, and matching machine shall have all cutting heads, and saws if used, covered by a metal guard. If such guard is con structed of sheet metal, the material U6ed shall be not less than Vie, inch in thick ness: and. if cast iron is used, it shall be not less than :!iu inch in thickness. Inverted swing-cut-off saws shall be vided to stop the wheel in,case of blade (b) Wher* an exhaust system is used, provided with a hood that will cover the breakage. the guards shall form part or all of the part of the saw that protrudes above the (b) Tension. Each band-saw ma exhaust hood and shall be constructed top of the table or above the material chine shall be provided with a tension of metal of a thickness not less than that being cut. It shall automatically adjust control dev.ee to indicate a proper ten specified in paragraph (a) of this section. itself to the thickness of, and remain in sion for the standard saws used on the (c) Feed rolls shall be guarded by a contact with, the material being cut. machine. hood or suitable guard to prevent the SO--204.Z1I Rutlin! saws. (c) feed roils. Feed rolls or band re hands of the operator front coming in saws shall be protected with a guard to contact with the in-running rolls at any (a) Hoods and guards. The upper prevent the hands of the operator from point. The guard shall be fastened to hood shall completely enclose the upper coming in contact with the in-running the frame carrying the rolls so as to re portion of the blade down to a point rolls at any point. ' main in adjustment for any thickness of that will include the end of the saw arbor. The upper hood shall be con S0-204.214 Jolnlcrs. stock. (d) Surfacere or planers used In proc structed in such a manner and of such (a) Point of operation. (1) Each essing multiple pieces of material simul material that it will protect the operator liand-fed planer end jointer with hori taneously shall be provided with sec- 13S22 RULES AND REGULATIONS tional infeed rolls having sufficient yield g 50-204.232 Tools and oilier materials. (e) Covered receptacles shall be kept In the construction of the sections to provide feeding contact pressure on the stock, over the permissible range of variation in stock thickness specified or for which the machine is designed. In lieu of such yielding sectional rolls, suit* Tools, materials, or debris shall not be strewn about in a manner which may cause tripping or other hazards. g 50-204.233 Receptacles for waste dis posal. in all toilet rooms used by women. 50-204.242 Construction of toilet rooms. (a) Each toilet facility (closet) shall occupy a separate compartment, able section kickback finger devices 6hall Any receptacle used for decaying solid equipped with a door, latch, and clothes be provided at the Infeed end. or liquid waste or refuse shall be so con hook. 50-204.217 Sanding machine* (a) Feed rolls. Feed rolls of self-feed sanding machines shall be protected with a semi-cylindrical guard to prevent the hands of the operator from coming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point The guard shall be constructed of heavy material firmly secured to the frame carrying the rolls so as to remelr in adjustment for any thickness of stock. The bottom of the guard shall come down to within % inch of a plane formed by the bottom or contact fece of the feed roll, where It touches the stock. (b) Drum sanding machines. Each drum sanding machine shall have an exhaust hood, or other guard, arranged ' to enrlose the revolving drum, except for that portion of the drum above the table, if a table Is used. (c) Disk sanding machines. Each disk sanding machine shall have the exhaust hood, or other guard If no ex haust system Is required, arranged to enclose the revolving disk, except for that portion of the disk above the table, if a table Is used. <d) Belt sanding machines. Belt structed that It does not leak and may be conveniently and thoroughly cleaned, and it .shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. Such a receptacle shall be equipped with a tight-fitting cover. g 50-204.234 Sweeping and refuse re moval. All sweepings, solid or liquid waste, refuse, and garbage shall be removed In such a manner as to avoid creating a nuisance or menace to health and as often as necessary to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condition. Toilet Facilities and Wash Rooms 50-2041239 Separate toilet for each sox. Every place of employment shall be provided with adequate toilet facilities which are separate for each sex. g 50-2041240 Location. Toilet facilities shall be provided so as to be readily accessible to all employees. Toilet facilities so located that employees must use more than one floor-to-floor flight of stairs are not considered as readily accessible. (b) The walls of compartments or partitions between fixtures may be less than the height of room walis, but the top shall not be less than six feet from the floor and the bottom not more'than one foot from the floor. (c) The door to every toilet room shall be fitted with an effective self-closing device, and the entrance to the toilet rooms shall be so screened that the in terior of the toilet room is not visible from the workroom. (d) The floors, walls, ceilings, parti tions, and doors of all, toilet rooms shall be of a finish that can be easily cleaned. (e) Toilet rooms, except those in work places accessible to men only, shall be completely enclosed with solid material that is nontransparent from the outside. g 50--204.243 Chemical aloaets and privies. When chemical closets or, privies are permitted by local law they shall be of a type approved by the health authorities having Jurisdiction and shall be main tained In a sanitary condition. g 50-204.244 Waaliing facilities. sanding machines shall be provided with guards at each nip point where the sand ing belt runs on to a pulley. The unused run of the sanding belt shall be guarded against accidental contact. - Housekeeping fi 50-204.229 General. All phases of employment, passage ways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly and In a sanitary condition. 50-204.230 Floors. (a) Floors of every workroom shall be maintained In a clean, and, so far as pos sible, a dry condition. Where wet proc esses are used, drainage shall be main 50-204.241 Water doacli. Water closets, or chemical closets or privies where permitted by local law, shall be provided for each sex and shall be in accordance with the following table. The number to be provided for each sex shall in every case be based on - maximum number of persons of that sex employed at any one time at work on the premises for which the facilities are furnished. When persons other than employees are permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premises, a reasonable allowance shall be made for such other persons In computing the minimum number of toilet facilities required. (a) Minimum Adequate facilities for maintaining personal cleanliness shall be provided in every place of employment. These shall be convenient for the employees for whom they are provided and shall be maintained In a sanitary condition. (a> At least one lavatory (wash basin) with adequate hot and cold water, shall be provided for every 20 employees (men or women) or portion thereof, up to 100 persons, and one lavatory (wash basin) for each additional 25 persons or portion thereof. Twenty-four inches of sink with Individual faucet shall be considered as equal to one lavatory. In all In stances. a suitable cleansing agent shall be provided at each wash place. (b) Where employees arc exposed to tained, and false floors, platforms, mats, number of skin contamination by poisonous. Infec or other dry standing places should be provided where practicable. (b) Cleaning and sweeping shall be done in such a manner as to minimize the contamination of the air with dust and. so far as is practicable, should be done outside of working hours. <c) Every floor, working place, and passageway shall be kept free from pro Number of persons facilities tious, or Irritating material, one lavatory 1 to 0................ .................... -................ 1 supplied with hot and cold water, shall 10 to 84............ .............-.......................... 26 to 40--................................................... 50 to 24................................................. 2 3 be provided for every & employees. (c)4 One shower bath with ample sup 75 to 100..................................... ply of hoB t and cold water from one Over 100....................... .................... ....... () fixture shall be supplied for every 15 11 tor each additional so persons. workers, or portion thereof, exposed to excessive heat or to skin contamination Where 10 or more are employed, one by poisonous, infectious, or irritating truding nails, splinters, holes, or loose boards. 50-204.231 Flammable materials. Oily rags, oily waste, waste paper and other flammable and combustible mate rial shall be stored in tightly closed metal containers. Magnesium and other flam mable metal scraps shall not be mixed water closet less than the number speci fied in the foregoing may be provided for men for each urinal, except that the number of water closets In such cases may not be reduced to less than two- ttilrda of the number specified in the foregoing. Two feet of trough urinal shall be considered as equivalent to one Individual urinal. material. (d) Individual hand towels, or sections thereof, of cloth or papa, or mechanical apparatus for drying the hands, shall be provided. Proper receptacles or other sanitary means shall be maintained for the disposal of used towels. Towels for common use shall not be provided. with other scrap. All flammable scrap (b) An adequate supply of toilet paper (e) Adequate washing facilities shall material of any kind shall be removed with holder shall bo provided, for every be provided In every toilet room or ad from the work areas dally. water closet. . jacent thereto. Wednesday, December 28, I960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13823 50-204.245 Change rooms. water the construction of the container furnace tending, and Irradiation with Separate change or dressing rooms shall be provided for each sex wher ever it is the practice to change from street clothes or wherever It Is necessary to change because (he work performed involves exposure to excessive dirt, heat, fumes, vapor, or moisture. Where change rooms are not provided, facili ties shall be furnished for hanging outer garments: (a) Where employees' work clothes are exposed to contamination by poisonous, infectious, or irritating material, facili ties shall be provided in change rooms so that street and work clothes will not be stored in contact with each other. (b) Where the process in which the worker is engaged is such that his work ing clothes become wet or have to be washed between shifts, provision shall be made to insure that such clothing is dry before re-use. shall be such that the tee does not come in direct contact with the water. ' (c) Open containers such as barrels, palls, or tanks for drinking water from which the water must be dipped or poured, whether or not they are fitted with a cover, shall not be allowed.. <d> The common drinking cup is prohibited. ' (ei Where single service cups are sup plied, a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided. 50--204,259 Nou-putuble wuicr. Outlets for non-potable water,, such ns water for industrial or fire-fighting purposes only, shall be posted to lndloate that the water Is unsafe and Is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes. Medical services ultraviolet light. 50-204.270 First-uid for cheinicul hums. Where workers' eyes may be exposed to injurious chemical materials such as adds, caustics, etc., suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes shall be provided within the workroom, for immediate emergency use. Environmental Conpitions 50--204.275 Toxlr g a e v n vapor*, fume*, dusts, nml niiste. No employee shall be exposed to any of the gases, vapors, mists, dusts, or fumes on the list In section 50-204.276 which exceed the limits there stated when ap plied to him on an average basis for an eight hour workday, unless he is pro tected therefrom by respiration equip ment approved for the purpose by the g 50-204.246 Retiring rooms for women. Where 10 or more women are employed at any one time, at least one retiring room shall be provided. (a) Where less than 10 women are employed and a retiring room is not fur nished, some equivalent space shall be provided which can be properly screened for privacy and made suitable for the use of women employees. (b) At least one couch or bed shall be provided in every place where women are g 50--204.264 Medical service*. (a) The employer shall assure the ready availability of qualified medical personnel for advice and consultation on plant health problems, for emergency medical services, and for the supervision of first-aid attendants. (b) In the absence of an infirmary, a person trained to render first aid and a kit containing the following items shall be available at every place of employment. United States Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the In terior and operated in accordance with the recommendations of Its manufac turer. Exposures without such equip ment which exceed such limits tempo rarily, without exceeding them on a daily average basis, or which Involve more than one such toxic substance, regard less of the degree of its concentration, are also hazardous unless they are undertaken In strict conformity with prior written approval of a qualified In employed. The number of such beds or 1 Adhesive Plaster V4" x 6 yd. Roll. dustrial hygienist who has studied the couches required shall be as follows: Belli 1 to too........................................................................ 100 to 250............................................ t 2 1 additional bed for each additional 250 women employees. A minimum of 60 square feet per bed shall be provided. LimcK Rooms and Food Handling 50-204.251 Locution. 1 Adhesive Plaster, I x 6 yd. Roll. 2 Absorbent Cotton, 2-ounce packages. 1 Absorbent Gauze, l yd. - l Actlvol Soap, 2-ounce bottle. 100 Adhesive Bandages, 1'*. l Aromatic Spirits or Ammonia, 2-ounce bottle. 1 Boric Acid Solution, 2-ounce bottle. 1 Castor Oil, 2-ounce bottle. 12 Compress Bandages, 2". 4 Compress Bandages, 4", 12 Cotton Wound Applicators. particular circumstances of exposure and the toxic substances and concentra tions Involved. 50-204.276 Threshold limit values. tiaso nml vnpoi>- SithNliifKc Parts per million parts of air by volume Milligrams per cubic metcrofotr In all places of employment where em ployees lunch on the premises, an ade quate space suitable for that purpose shall be provided for the maximum num ber of employees who may use such space at one time. Such space shall be sepa rate tram any location where there is ex posure to toxic materials. g 50-204.252 Waste food dLpoctil. A covered receptacle shall be provided and shall be used by employees for the disposal of all waste food. g 50--204.253 Prwiifr of toxic iiuitcriuls. No employee shall be permitted to store or eat any part of his lunch or other food at any time where there are present any toxio material or other sub stance that may be injurious to health. Drinking Water g 50--204.258 Potable water. (a) An adequate supply of potable water, approved as to source and dis tribution by appropriate authority, shall be provided for drinking, washing and cooking purposes in all places of employment. <b) In all Instances where water la cooled by Ice made from non-potable 1 Eye Cup. 1 Eye Dropper. 6 Finger Cots. 9 Foille tor Burns, Vo oz. tubes. 1 Foille tor Burns, 2-ounce bottle. 6 Gauze Roller Bandages 1" x 0 yds. a Gauze Roller Bandages 2" x 8 yds. 6 Gauze Roller Bandages 3" x B yds. 10 Gauze Sterilized, 12" x 13". 1 Marthlolate, Tincture, 2-ounce bottle. 1 Medicine Glass. 1 Manual First Aid Instruction, 1 Scissors Pair 4" Bandage. I Tweezers Pair 3*4''. 12 8afety Pins. 1 Spoon. 1 Tourniquet. 2 Triangular Bandages 40". 6 Wood Splints lor Fractures. 12 Wood Tongue Depressors. Eye Protection g 50-204.269 General requirement. Eye protection shall be provided where persons are exposed to any hazard which may cause injury to the eyes from the following operations: chipping, calking, coarse grinding, riveting, sledging, scal ing, light grinding, stone dressing, spot welding, woodworking, metal-working, babbitting, casting, dipping In hot metal baths, handling of adds and caustics, electric arc welding, oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen welding and cutting, AccWldcliyilc........................ Altlie Held............................ Arctic anhydride.................. Acetone....................... ....... Aeioktn............................... Arrylonttrllo......................... Allyl ulcolw!......................... Aliyl chloride...... ................ Allyl propyl dlsulBdc............ Ammonia............................ Amyl aettato........................ Amyl (alcohol (Isoctuyl nlAnuino-::::::;..::: Arsine.................................. Ueuzciio (hcutol)................... Ilcnsyl elilorltio..................... jlromlnc..... ..... .................... Iluttuliciic (14-huladlviie)...... JJntniioiie (melliyl ethyl ko- tone)................................. Butyl uccUUo (ii-buivl ace tate).................................. )lutyl alcohol........................ Dulylumlnc.......................... Bulrl Mltnolve ('i-hiitoiy. PlfllittO))............................. Carbon dioxide..................... Carbon tlidulfldi*................... CCaarrbltoonn mteotrnaocxhidloer.id..e........................... CVllosoIvo (2e(liovyo!liaiio])_. Ccliosnlro acetate (2-ethoxy- eMiyl ucctatc)............ ,,...... CClhllloorrlinnoe.I.r.l.f.l.u..b...r.t.i.l.f................... GMorOhi'Utrlia (fBOnOchlOfO- bcurnic............................. Chloroform (trichloiometliaoc) l-Chloro-l-nltru|>ronanc....... ChtorOMnin___ ____ ____ _ Cldornprenu (2*chloiol,<M>u* tadk'iic)............................ Cresn! (all Isomers)................ Cyclohexane........................ * Cyrtnhcsiiuol........................ 200 in ,T 1,000 .5 20 .* 2 100 200 100 & .05 2.*. i l 1,000 230 iW 100 6 .3,0110 20 Hill 25 200 too l .1 73 100 20 1 23 5 40U 100 300 2f 2W 2.400 1.2 4r, l?t u 70 1,000 300 10 .2 6d A 7 2.200 740 0M 300 13 210 0,00(1 tiu 111) Ml) 740 610 U A 350 4U 100 7 90 22 1,400 410 13824 RULES AND REGULATIONS TOXIC DUSTS. FUMES, AND MISTS--Con. Gui.s ami vtiporS-Sulistancc Farbpcr million pans or air by volums Milligram* par sable mettrofalr Oases and vapors--Substance MUUgmm9 per cubic mnerofair Milligrams per cubic Substance meter 0/ air Magnesium oxide fume------------------------15 Mnlathlon (O,)-dimethyl dltblophos- ('ycfcibetanoii*....... .................. Cydobaxme............................. Cyclopropane.__________ ---- Dcmbflrelie..--------........ nia(onc alcohol (4-bydnwty- 4-mottiyl-2-p8i>taconc0......... Dlborane--------- ------------------o-OlchloccVoicne........ ........... nirlitorodldttoromctJBine------I (t-l)lchlorocltlai]0................. . ion 40U too ,05 CO TO,1 l.WU 1(10 4on 1,350 cw .3 240 .1 3(10 4.04(1 400 i.2-Dlct>1orocllune itthytano dlehloHilc)....... -................... 1 .a-Dlshloroctbyknio.............. Dlchtoroetbyl other-------------UlclUoromonofluoroncthano.. 1,1-Dlehloro-l-nltroctJuuie....... ; ] llchtoiototrulluorocthanc........( 1 Mcthykunlnc......... ..................; PIHuormbljTom<)motiume........ ^`ukiC(^ii;;vhS-.- I1 SOU l,numu Kl 1,000 25 100 ;.u | 400 7U0 4, ,attli 1 00 7,M * 75 . M0 2W anlllro).................................I Plmethyhu'hle----- ------ --i Dloxano (illothylciio uiovldp).. Ethyl Mcfcilc.....---------------- 1 Ethyl acrylate----------- | Ethyl akobol (ethanol)______ ; EthytamltM-------------- ------- llthylliearcne......... ........... - Ethyl bromide----------------- Ethyl chloride............ ..............; Ethyl ether............ ................ F.tbyl formate........................... ` Etbylsllleate................j Ethylene chlorohyunn...........-i Ethyleaedlamloe...-- EUtyltno dlhrouilda (1^-tll- ; liiomotthnre)..................... Ethylene Inline.......... ........... Ethylene oxide____--........... Fluorliw__________ yiuetotrlehlnromethaiie......... Formaldehyde........................ Furfural................................... U aoolbie..--........... ............... ITeptone (n-heptn'i*).............. Hexane (a-licxaoc)... JJcranooo (methyl butyl ketone)........ ..... Hexouc (mclhyl isobutyl Irelooe)................ Hydrazhie_--- -- Hydrogen bromide Hydroten chloride. Hy&oifgcenn cffllyuuaoonrriididteee-,------ -------Ilydrogen peroxide, UKi......... Hydrogen selenite--------- ------ Hydrogen sultlde..................... Iodine...... --........... ................ Isopbnrone.......... .................... iMpropylnmlne Alesltyl oMo----------------------- 1 Metbyl acetute.........................; Methyl acetylene..................... Metbyl aerynte------------------- Metbyl alcohol (methnnol)----- Metbyl bromide---------------... Methyl eoltosolvc (2-iucln- oiyrlhnnol)-----.............. Methyl ccllorolvu ncelutu (ethylene glycol mono methyl ether ocrlate)......... Methyl chloride.................. ... Methylal (dtmetlioxyructli. one)........................ ...... ........ A 1 100 4(0 25 l.OWI n sou mi 1-.K4I 400 100 100 .1 m 25 s : 3Mi ! 1,400 1 ion , 1,VUU ! 4.1 1 87U SOU 1 2. SOU 1,200 . ! 850 Hi . 30 25 , 1OT A ft) .1 1; 9 <:2 l.ttK) : A.iion 0 11 5 ! 20 m 1 2.01KI fit);) 1 2.000 GOO ! 1.500 100 i 410 ion i 1 .1 1 u; in 'A 1 i .05 20 .1 2S r 1 *25 i 2(10 1 1, urn ; in ' 20 ' 410 1.3 17 7 n 21.4 .2 M 1 141) 12 100 GIO l.flJfl 35 200 80 2fi 80 21 inu i,rnK> . t2f) 210 3. ICO Mothyl ehlnrofonn (1.1,1trlcfilorocthane)............... . Methyleyelnhexane...................1 Mothylaycbbexann)___ ____ i Methyltyclohexanone............ I Mclhyl formole................ ! Methyl Itohutyl nirhluol (Methyl amyl ultOhol)--------} : 2.700 2,non ion 1 470 100 am 100 j 2,VI 25 | KXl Fercblorethylcno (tetrocliloro- phate of diethyl uercaptosucct* etbylene)--------------- ---------Then'll..................................... Fbenylbydrozlne--.....---. Phosgene (eorbonyl chloride) Fhosphbir........---............... Phosphorus trichloride-------l'ropyl acetate................. ---- I'rop^lalculiol (Isopropyl ulco- FropyVctbcr '(isopropyl otTier). .OS -A 200 too an .nr. 3 Ml) 030 2,100 nate)_______________________16 Manganese..-------------------------------------------- G Mercury -1 Mercury (orgnn)c compounds)_____ .01 Methoxychlor (2.2-di-p-metnoxy- phenyl-l.l.l-trlchloroethano)--------- 15 Molybdenum: ' soluble compounds--------------------- 5 Fropylcas dleldarluo (1,2-alrnlnroproiioiie)....... ............ Freppleuo Unlne..................... Propylene oxido...................... Fyrlabie........ ........................ Ouluone.................................. Stlblnc-------- -----------------Stoddard solvent.................. Styrene monomer (phcnylrth- ylcnc).................................. Snlfur dioxide--.................... PalfurlicKAlluvrlde................. Sulfur rioiioe'.ilorlile-----------Sulfur iienlalluorlile-----------Tertiary botyl alcohol----------j>-Tei tlxrybutyholucne........U.i.JTetPiehlnroethane-----Tctrahydrof'irun................. . Tcimtutroinclhanc.............. Toluene (toluol)................... o-ToluliUno......................... Trichloroethylene.............. Trtctbyloudn*................ ... Trllluoromonobmutonietliana Turpentine.............. ............ Vinyl chloride (clUoioeth- ylone)................................... Vinyl tolwere.......................... Xyleus (xylol)................... XylUtoc............................. 7fi 2S 100 lu .1 Ml 101 a J.UXI 1 .01'. inn in s sm t 2<K1 SOU 2A 1.000 ion an ins m A ;ihi no 240 30 , -l .5 2 0(0 42U 12 A.din ii ,2 31(0 in :ia an s 7f i.ti2a2i ino ,)( AMI 1.300 4S>I 1.70 25 insoluble compounds15 Nicotine......... ....................... ..................... .5 Pnratlilon (O.O-dlethyl o-p-nltro- phonyl thlophOEpbate)..____...... . 1 pentachloronnphthalene_____________ . 3 Pentachlorophenol:______________ .6 Phosphorus (yellow) .1 Phosphorus pentachlorlde 1 Phosphorus pcntasulflde 1 Picric acid___________________________ . 1 Pjrrethrum 2 Botendne _............... 5 Selenium compounds (as Be)......-- . 1 Sodium hydroxide.._________ _____... 2 Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)... .1 Strychnine . 15 Sulfuric acid________________ ________ 1 TEDP (tetraethyl dithionopyrophoa- phctc)__ .2 TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate) ____ .05 Tellurium____ .1 Tetryl (2,4,5-trlnltrophenylmethyl- nttramlne)_____________________-- 1. 6 Thlram (tetramethyl thluram dl- sumde)--------------- --------------------------- s roxrc dusts, fumes, and mists Thallium (soluble compounds)_______ .1 Milligrams per cubic Substance meter of air AldrJa (l,2,3,4,10,10-hoxachloro-l,4,4a. 6,8,3a-hGxahydi`o-l,4,3,8-dlmethano- naphthalene)---------------------------- - 3 Ammate (ommoalum sulfamote)..... 15 Antimony -------------------------------- 5 ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea).... .3 Arsenic---------------------------------------------- . 5 Barium_____ ______ -------------- ------ .5 Beryllium--------------------- ------ ----------- 2ym3 Cadmium oxide fume--.--....--------- .1 Titanium dioxide15 TTIchloronaphthaleno------------------------- Trinitrotoluene 1.5 Uranium: soluble compounds------------------------Insoluble compounds.___ ____..... Vanadium: V.O, dust---------- ---------------------------- vjo, fume . 1 Warfarin (3-(acetonyibenzyl]-4-hy* droxycoumarin) .5 Zinc oxide fumes__________ _... 15 Zirconium compounds (as Zr)_______ 5 . 05 .25 .6 5 Calcium arsenate-------------------------------- . 1 Minital Dusts Chlordane <l,2,41S.6,7,e,8-octachloro- 3a.4.7.7a-totrahydro-4,T-roethaioln_ done)---- Chlorinated camphenc, 60%------------ - Chlorinated diphenyl oxido----.-- Cblorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)........... Chlorodlphency (54% chlorine)...-- .5 .5 1 .6 Chromic gold and chromates (as CrO,,)....................................................... Crag herbicide (sodium 2- [sodium 2- .1 |2,4-<llohlorop!ioxyi ethanol hy drogen sulfate)___.......------- .... IS Cyanide (as ON)------------------------------- S 2.4-S(2,4-dlchlorophenocyncetlc add). 10 DDT (2.2-bis ip-ehlorophcnyil-i.l.ltrlcbloroethnne)---------------------------- 1 Millions of particles per cubic meter of air Aluminum oxide_______________________ 80 Asbestos________________________ Dust (nuisance, no free sUlca)............ 50 Mica (below 6% free sUlca)___________ 20 Portland cement..........__...--.. 50 Silica: High (above 50% free 810,)------------ 6 Medium (6 to 50% free StO,).............. 20 Low (below STo free SlO,)---------------- 50 Silicon carbide 50 Soapstone (below 571 free SlO.)______ 20 Tide......................................... Dleldrln (1,2,3,4,10,lO-hexachloro-6,7* Ventilation Methyl ti/reuo.............. u > 480 epoxy-1,4.4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-l ,4. Methyk.-i<- chloride (ilicliluro< mct'iuue)........ ..................... Monoinctbyl aniline.............. Naphtha (er.al ter)................. Naphtha (petroleum)............ Nickel carbonyl--.......... ........ Nl'rwatid.............................. p-NitrtunlUiic.......... .............. Nitrolienrene.... ... ............-- Nftroctlrace....... -................... Nitrogen dioxide--................ Nitroglycerin...................-- Nltromcthane....................... S-Nllrnnroinner.................... . Nltrotolucnc--..................... Octane,................................. Ozone..................................... Vcmdlchlombcnteae............ Fenlone........ ........ ................ FenUmonc (raett propyl I - ketone)............... roo 2 200 i TOO -00i; 51 l' l 100 1t 51 too ) 50 I 5I MQ .1 74 1 i.oou | ?J0 1 1,730 MC0I 2.000 -WI7 % (i 3150 151 2fr ISO au 2.5X1 .2 4-70 2, PGU 700 03-dimethanoaAphthalene)------------- .23 Dlnurohenzene____________ 1 Dlnluotoluene 1. S Dlnltro-o-cresol .2 EPN (O-ethyl O-p-nttrophenyl thtono- beuzenenhosphonate)--------------------- .5 Ferbom (ferric dimethyl dlthlocarba- mate) 15 Ferrovanodlum dust------------------------------- 1 Fluoride____________ ____ .....----------- 2.5 Hydroquinono_____________ ______--.. 2 Iron oxide fume15 Lead 2 Lead arsenate . 15 Ltniiane (tlexachlorocyclohexauc. gam ma Isomer) .5 50--204,288 General ventilation uu<! temperature requirements, (a) Outside air shall he provided to all workrooms at the rate of 15 cubic feet per minute per person, or one and onehalf air changes per hour, whichever Is greater. In most Instances, leakage through walls, doors, and windows will produce at least one and one-half air changes per hour. (b) A minimum air temperature of 60 F. should be maintained at all work rooms where work of a strenuous nature Is performed, and a minimum air tem- G 2 Wednesday, December 28, i960 FEDERAL REGISTER 13825 peiature of 6fi* F. should be maintained (g) The capacity of an exhaust system Personal Protective Equipment in all other workrooms unless prohibited by process requirements. 50-204.289 Loral exIinuM vciuiliilion. shall be calculated on the basis of all hoods, booths, and enclosures connected to the system being open, except where the system is so interlocked that only a 50-204.298 Personal protective equip ment. Personal protective equipment or pro (a) Every local exhaust ventilation portion of it can be operated at a given tective shields or barriers shall be pro system shall produce and maintain a time, in which case the capacity should vided and maintained In usable condi movement of air toward tile opening, be calculated on the basis that all the tion whenever substances, radiation, or sufficient to prevent escape of contami hoods in the group requiring the great mechanical irritants are encountered in nant to the workroom dining working est volume rate of exhaust are open. a manner capable of causing injury or haul's, beyond the limits shown in sec fh> Suitable air inlets shall be pro-* impairment in function of any part of tion 50-204.276. vided for replacement of exhausted air. the body through skin or mucous mem (b) Air Dow through branch and <]> Exhaust systems handling dusts brane absorption. main ducts shall be sufficient to trans and discharging to the outer air shall be Bituminous Com and lignite mines port the contaminant through the system provided with suitable air-cleaning de without settling. vices to remove air contaminants prior to 50--204.300 Federal Mine Safety Code. (c) Piping shall be located so as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance. (d> Ail* flow equipment including hoods, pipes, fans, motors, and collectors shall be effectively grounded. the discharge to the outer air, except under unusual circumstances. (J) The discharge from any exhaust system shall be such that no all-contam ination therefrom will enter any window, door, or other opening of any work space in quantities sufficient to create a health The Federal Mine Safety Code for Bi tuminous Coal and Ugnlte Mines of the United States, Part I--Underground Mines, and Part n--Strip Mines, as pub lished by the Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Interior is hereby adopted by reference as the safety and <e) Two or move operations involving hazard to such space or create a nuisance health standard required for observance more than one substance shall not be to surrounding areas. in the bituminous coal and lignite min permitted to be connected to the same <k> Collected materials shall ba re ing to which section 1(e) of the Walsh- exhaust system when a combination of the substances removed may constitute a fire hazard, an explosion hazard, or otherwise dangerous mixture. (t) Those processes or operations moved at intervals frequent enough to insure that the exhaust system will meet the requirements of section 59-204.288 (a), at all times. Noise Healey Public Contracts Act has applicar tion. Signed at Washington, D.C., this 12th day of December 1960. using or generating flammable dusts, 50-204.293 Noise. gases, .fumes, vapors, mists, fibers or Noise shall be reasonably reduced or James P. Mitchell, Secretary of Labor. other impurities shall be completely pro eliminated as a means of preventing fa [F.R. Doe. C0-11689; Hied, Dec. 2T, 1900; tected from all sources of ignition. tigue or accidents. 8:48 a.m.] \ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LAfidf .) Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Oivisions Washington 25, 0. C. Safety and Health Standards for Federal Supply Contracts (Reprint from Federal Register dated December 28, 1960) James P. Mitchell, Clarence T. Lundquist, Administrator Title 41--PUBLIC CONTRACTS tions where evidence is not required. the regulations herein promulgated has Where, therefore, the common experi relied quite extensively on the outstand Chapter 50--Division of Public Con ence of men is all that is needed to lead rational and,prudent person to the ing contributions of the private and pub lic organizations which are generally ac tracts, Department of Labor conclusion that certain conditions of em cepted as preeminent in this field. PART 50-204--SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL SUPPLY ployment are incompatible with the safety and health of employees, no de fense is provided by the statutory Among these are' the publications of American Standards Association, Inc., American Society of Mechanical Engi CONTRACTS "prima-facie evidence" rule merely be neers, National Fire Protection Associa The Walsh-Healcy Public Contracts cause such conditions may not be spe tion, National Board of Fire Underwrit Act (49 Stat. 2036, 41 U.S.C. 35 et seq.) cifically prohibited in the State safety, requires that contracts entered into by any agency of the United States for the manufacture or furnishing of materials, sanitary, and factory inspection laws, or the regulations hereby proposed. Neither Is It necessary to call a witness supplies, articles, and equipment in any amount exceeding $10,000 must contain, to testify concerning the hazardous nature of such conditions. among other provisions, a stipulation The statutory rule of "prima-facie evi that no "part of such contract will be performed nor will any of the materials, . supplies, articles, or equipment to be manufactured or furnished under Eaid contract be manufactured or fabricated in. any plants, factories, buildings, or surroundings or under working condi tions which are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees engaged in the performance of said contract". A single standard of safety and health conditions Is thus required for all work subject to the Act. An objective descrip tion of the working conditions encoun tered, established by a preponderance of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence, is, of course, essential to the administrative application of this stand dence" was not designed to deter the Secretary of Labor from diligent inquiry even beyond the safety, sanitary, and factory inspection laws of the several states to discover more directly what are the "working conditions which are unsanitary or habardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees." This is demonstrated by the provisions In sections 4 and 5 of the Act, directing the Secretary to administer it and au thorizing him to appoint experts, make Investigations, hold hearings, compel the production of evidence, and make find ings of fact. Accordingly, following en actment of the Act, experts were ap pointed and their testimony used In the administrative enforcement proceedings conducted under section 6 of the Act. ard. A second question which must be resolved is whether conditions of the Differences of opinion over what condi tions of employment foil to meet the type described are "unsanitary or haz ardous or dangerous to the health or' safety of employees". This is a question of fact For assistance In its resolution, the act provides a special rule of evi dence: "Compliance with the safety, sanitary, and factory Inspection laws of the State In which the work or part thereof Is to be performed shall be prima-facie evidence of compliance With this subsection." The statutory provision concerning "prima-facie evidence" does not purport to take the place of the uniform national standard. It has application only to issues which require evidence. In the statutory standard ha.ve thus been re solved with the assistance of expert testi mony on a case-by-case basis in nearly a quarter of a'century of hearings and findings under the Act. These have been conducted in accordance with sections 5, 7, and 8 of the Administrative Pro cedure Act since its enactment. The hazardous characteristic of a par ticular working condition. Is, of course, the likelihood that It will cause illness, or Injury in the employment situation. This characteristic Is not always im mediately apparent. Causative analysis of Injury frequency rates in Industry has shed much light on the Importance of absence of opposing evidence, it author certain precautions not fully appreciated ers, the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the interior, and the Atomic Energy Commission. Section 7(d) of the Administrative Procedure Act recognizes that, even in the most formal type of administrative adjudications, agency decision may rest on "official notice of a material fact not appearing In the evidence In the record," but it requires that "any party shall on timely request be afforded an oppor tunity to show the contrary". The At torney General's Manual on the Admin istrative Procedure Act points out (p. 80) that tills authority "extends properly to all matters as to which the agency by reason of its functions is presumed to be expert, such as technical or scien tific facts within its specialized knowl edge. Cf. Hit. Rep. p. 38 (Sen. Doc. p. 272). The matters thus noticed become a part of the record and, unless successfully controverted, furnish the same basis for findings of fact as does `evidence* in the usual sense." The hazardous characteristics of many working conditions, thus being facts of a "technical or scientific" nature, and having come within the Department's "specialized knowledge" by reasoh of Its experience, proof of them In administra tive adjudications by official notice Is appropriate. The facts declared in these regulations are soundly based in the ex perience of the Department ehd in the experience of outstanding public and private experts In their specialized di visions of the field of health and safety engineering. The regulations herewith promulgated extend, however, into areas in which reasonable men may differ. izes resolution of such Issues compatibly by those responsible for the operation Any party to an administrative adjudi with the prima-facie evidence. Also, of Industrial establishments. The De cation who Is adversely affected by them rules concerning prima-facie evidence partment's discovery and evaluation of will, therefore, have the opportunity to obviously have no application In situa- these hazards and the development of contest them by presenting the issue in No. 261--Part n-----1 13809 13810 RULES AND REGULATIONS his responsive pleading and Introducing such evidence as he will be able to muster Guarding or Open-Sided Floors, Plattorms and Runways Pressure Vessels 60-204.130 BoUers. lor consideration at his hearing. 50-20428 Open-sided floor end platform. 60-204.121 Steam cookers, digesters, glue Publication of standards which will 50-204.26 Runway, guarding. underline the enforcement policy of the Railings and Guards pota.eito. 50-204.122 TTnflred pressure vessels. agency which administers the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act will promote observance of the safety and health re 50-20427 50-20428 50-20429 quirements by curtailing uncertainty on Standard railing. Stair railing. Strength of standard railing and stalrralllng. Tools and Equipment 60-204.127 Maintenance. 60-204.128 Portable electric power tools. 60-204.129 Portable pneumatic tools. the part of those whose duty It is to com ply. Such publication will permit the administrative adjudication of many safety and health cases without the necessity of calling an expert witness to the place of hearing to testify to the haz ardous nature of the working conditions 50-204.34 50-20425 50-20426 50-20427 Elevators Elevator Inspection. Hoistways. Under car safety device. Hatch limit controls. Illumination 60-204130 Cables, rupee,Tind chains. Ventilation and Protoution in Weldino and Outtoto 50-204.135 Welding and cutting In confined spaces. - 50-204.186 VentUatlon In oonflned spaces. 50-204.187 Mechanical ventilation. denounced in the regulations. Except 50-204.42 Minimum standards. 50-204.138 Welding and cutting Involving in cases where a party gives notice of In tent to challenge the safety standards expressed In the regulation at hearing, as provided In the regulations herein promulgated, this element of possible controversy, and occasion of possible variety In decision, will be eliminated. These are the considerations which prompt.this use of the authority ex Ladders 50-204.47 50-204.48 50-204.49 50-20420 50-20421 Construction and use of portable ' ladders. Ralls of portable ladders. Fainting of wooden ladders. Etepladders. Fixed ladders. Aisles and Passacewats metals of toxlo significance. 50-304.189 Protection to other employees. 60-204.140 Inert-gas-metal arc welding. 60-204.141 Oeneral welding and cutting. Electrical Equipment 50-204.148 General plant wiring. Mbckanical Powm transmission Apparatus 50-204.153 flywheels. pressed in section 4 of the Walsh-Healey 50-20426 Maintenance. 50-204.154 Cranks and connecting rods. Public Contracts Act to make "such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act." 50-204.57 50-204.62 Aisle widths. Material Storage Height. 50-204.165 Tall rods or extension piston rods. . 50-204.156 Governor balls. 60-204.167 Shafting Installation. Radiation standards for inclusion In 50-204.63 Small articles. 50-204.168 Guarding horizontal shafting. the regulations herein promulgated' as amendments are currently being drafted. They will apply the recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council ap 50-204.64 60-204.65 50-20426 Pipe and other long stock. Hazardous chemicals. Gases In cylinders. Outdoor Storaoe 50-204.169 Guarding vertioal and Inclined shafting. 50-204.160 Projecting shaft ends. 60-204.161 Power-transmission apparatus located In basements. proved by the President for the guidance of federal agencies May 13,1960 (25 PR. 4402). 60-204.71 60-204.72 50-204.73 50-204.74 Aisle spacing. Housekeeping. Drainage. Clearance signs. 50-204.162 Pulleys. 60-204.163 Horizontal belts, ropes and chain drives. 60-204.164 Overhead chain and link belt As these regulations are rules of agency 50-204.75 Derail and bumper blocks. drives. procedure or practice delineating facts which will be officially noticed In en forcement proceedings under section 5 -of the Act, notice of proposed rule mak 60-204.76 60-204.77 Traffic control signs. Open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. Flammadle Liquids 50-204.155 50-204.166 50-204.167 50-204.168 50-204.169 Vertical and Inclined belts. Vertical belts. Cone-pulley belie. Gears. Sprockets and chains. ing and public proceedings In their adop 60-20422 Sources of Ignition. 50-204.170 Openings for oiling. tion are not required by subsections 4 (a) and (b) of the Administrative Procedure Act. In accordance with section 4 of the 50-20423 50-204.84 60-20425 60-20428 50-20427 Vegetation removal. Housekeeping. Electrical lighting. Ventilation. Refuse storage. 50-204.171 friction drives. 50-204.172 Keys, set screws, and other pro jections. 50-204.173 Collars. 60-204.174 Couplings. Administrative Procedure Act (60 Stat. 238, 6 U.8.C. 1003), therefore, and under the authority of section 4 of the Walsh- 50-20428 50-20429 60-20420 50-204.91 Open flame devices prohibited. Bonding and grounding. Relief vents. Storage In other than flammable Guard Standards poa Mechanical Powm TRANSMISSION 50-204.179 Materials. Healey Public Contracts Act (49 Stat. storage buildings. 50-204.180 Disk, shield, and "H" guards. 2038; 41 U.8.C. 38), effective 30 days after publication In the Federal Register, a new Part 50-204--Safety and Health Standards for Federal Supply Contracts. Is hereby added to 41 CFR, Chapter 50. Scope and Application 80-2042' Scope and application. 60-204.92 Safety containers. Paints and Paintino 50-204.97 50-20428 80-20429 60-204.100 Storage of paints, varnishes, lacquers, thlnners, etc. Storage locations. Storage of flammable paint ma terials In opened containers. Palnt-eoUed clothing and drop cloth. 50-204.181 Approved materials. 50-204.182 Wood guards. 50-204.183 Guards for horizontal overhead belts. 50-204.184 Guards for horizontal overhead rope and chain drives. 50-204.185 Guard rails and toe boards. Miscellaneous Machine Guarsing 50-204.190 Lathes and automatic screw ma BUILDINCa AND APPURTENANCES 50-204.101 Housekeeping: paint scrapings chines. 50-2042 80-3048 50-204.4 Buildings. Floors. Building egress. and paint saturated contain ers. 50-204.102 VentUatlon of harmful sub stances. 50-204.191 DrUl presses. 60-204.192 Planers and Bhapers (metal). 60-204.193 Shears. 50-204.194 GuUlotlne cutters, power-driven. 50-2049 60-204.10 50-304.11 60-204.12 Stairwats or Steps Stair width of treads ant. height of risers. Stairway maintenance. TTeads. Stairway railings and handrails. 50-204.103 60-304.104 50-204.105 60-204.106 60-304.107 60-204.108 VentUatlon ol flammable vapors. Smoking or open flames pro hibited. Electric&l equipment. Electrlo motors. Enclosure driving belts. Storage of combustible and 50-204.195 Power presses. 50-204.186 Foot and hand presses. 50-204.197 Other power-presa safety devices. 50-204.198 Platen presses. 50-204.189 Abrasive wheels. 50-204300 Revolving drums and cylinders. 50-204.201 Fans. .. Guarding op Floor Opzninor tlammable cleaning materials. Woodworking Machinert AND FLOOR HOLR8 Fire Prevention 60-204208 Circular table saws. 80-304.17 Stairway floor openings. 50-204.118 Equipment, general. 60-204200 Swing and alldlng cut-off saws. 50-304.18 Ladderway floor openings. 50-204.114 First aid Are lighting extinguish 50-204210 Inverted swing cut-off saws 60-304JO Hatohway and chute floor. ers, general rules. (Jump saws). 50-30420 Floor hole. 50-304.115 Classification of extinguishers. 60-204211 Radial saws. Wednesday, December 28,^60 FEDERAL REGISTER ns n 60-204212 60-204213 50-204214 60-204215 60-204216 50-204.217 Portable circular saws. Band saws and band resaws. Jointers. Wood shapers, hand-feed panel raisers and similar machines. Planing, molding, sticking and matching machines. Sanding machines. Housekeeping 50-204.229 60-204.230 50-204231 50-204.232 50-204233 60-204234 General. Floors. Flammable materials. Tools and other materials. Receptacles for waste disposal. Sweeping and refuse removal. Toilet Facilities and Wash Rooms 60-204239 Separate toilet for each sex. 60-204240 Location. 50-204241 Water closets. 60-204242 Construction of toilet rooms. 60-204243 Chemical closets and privies. 60-204244 Washing faculties. 60-204245 Change rooms. 60-204240 Retiring rooms tor women. Lunch Rooms and Food Handlino 60-204261 Location. 60-204252 Waste food disposal. 60-204253 Presence of toxic materials. Drinking Water 60-204258 Potable water. 60-204259 Non-potable water. Medical Services 60-204264 Medical services. Ete Protection 60-204269 General requirement. 60-204270 Flrst-ald for chemical burns. Environmental Conditions 60-204275 Toxic gases, vapors, fumes, dust and mists. 60-204276 Threshold limit values. Ventilation 60-2042e8 General ventUatlon and temper ature requirement. 60-204289 Local exhaust ventilation. *Noise 60-204203 Noise. Personal Protective Equipment 60-204298 Personal protective equipment. Mining 60-204.800 Federal Mine Safety Code. AuTHoimr: |( 60-204.1 to 60-204200 Is sued under sec. 4, 49 Stat. 2038, 41 VA.C. 88. Interpret or apply sec. 1, 49 Stat. 2036, 41 VA.C. 85. 50-204.1 Scope and application. ' (a) The Walsh-Healey Public Con tracts Act (40 Stat. 2030, 41 XJ.S.C. 35 et seq.) requires that contracts entered Into by any agency of the United States for the manufacture or furnishing of materials, supplies, articles, and equip ment In any amount exceeding $10,000 must contain, among other provisions, a stipulation that "No part of such con tract will be performed nor will any of the materials, supplies, articles, or equip ment to be manufactured or furnished under said contract be manufactured or fabricated in any plants, factories, build ings or surroundings or under working conditions which are unsanitary or haz ardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees engaged in the per formance of the contract." This Part 50-204 cf this chapter expresses ceitaln minimum safety and health standards which will be applied in the administra tion and enforcement of the Act, In cluding proceedings under its section 6 and 41 CFR Part 50-203, Subpart A, to determine whether particular contracts subject to the Act are being, or have been, performed in compliance with Its safety and health requirements. (b) In all administrative, enforce ment, and investigative proceedings con ducted by the United States Department of Labor under the Act, official notice will be taken of the fact that failure to comply with the requirements expressed in this Part 50-204 of this chapter results in working conditions which are "unsan itary or hazardous to employees" within the meaning of section 1(e) of the Act, and contracts Incorporating the stipula tion it requires. (c) In formal enforcement proceed ings under section 5 of the Act, respond ents will be permitted to demonstrate, by reliable, substantial, and probative evidence, that their failure to comply with the requirements expressed in Part 50-204 of this chapter did not result In working conditions which were "unsani tary or hazardous or dangerous to em ployees," but only if the answer to the complaint, filed under 41 CFR 50-203.3. makes express allegation to that effect, identifying the particular code unit challenged and setting out the factual basis for the challenge. In the event such Issue Is drawn, and reliable, sub stantial, and probative evidence is intro duced in support of the challenge, the pertinent portions of the publications of the American Standards Association, Inc., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, National Fire Protection As sociation. National Board of Fire Under writers, the Public Health Service of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior, and the Atomic Energy Commission will be considered, together with any other evidence that may be ad duced In support of "the regulation, on the issue whether the preponderance of the reliable, substantial, and probative evidence supports a finding that the working conditions prohibited In the reg ulation are unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees. (d) The standards expressed In Part 50-204 of this chapter are for applica tion to ordinary employment situations, and do not preclude proof or recogni tion of the necessity of higher standards for employment situations of extraor dinary hazard. Neither do the standards expressed in this Part 50-204 of this chapter purport to describe all of the working conditions which are unsani tary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees. Other working conditions may be found to be unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous to the health and safety of employees on evidence to that effect, or without such evidence, where such unsanitary or hazardous or dangerous characteristic should be apparent to a rational and prudent person of common experience. (e) Compliance with the standards expressed in Part 50-204 of this chapter will not relieve anyone from any obliga tion to comply with any more strict standard stemming from any other source whatsoever. Buildixcs and Appurtenances 50-204.2 Buildings. Buildings and all appurtenances there to, including bridges, towers, balconies, runways, and platforms, shall be struc turally safe to prevent collapse. 50-204.3 Floors. (a) No floor or platform shall be so loaded as to have a factor of safety of less than four. That Is, the weight placed upon a floor or platform shall not exceed one-fourth of the breaking sirensth of the platform or floor. (b) Floors, other than those resting directly on solid ground, when used for heavy storage shall be clearly posted to show maximum safe floor loads. (c) All floor surfaces shall be kept clean and dry and maintained in a smooth (free from holes or projections that might cause tripping and reason ably nonslippery) condition. (d) Where the type of operation ne cessitates working on floor areas which would be otherwise wet or slippery, such ar eas shall be covered with mats, grates, cleats, or other high friction floor coverings. (e) Safe means of access, suited to conditions, shall be provided to every overhead point to which employees are called upon to go in connection with their employment. 50-204.4 Building egress. (a) Exits. Not less than two means of egress (other than ladders or eleva tors) as remote from each other as possible, shall be provided on every floor, including basements and cellars of every building or section where persons are employed. On the street floor at least one of these shall be a door leading di rectly outside the building, and the other may be a door leading outside the building, or a standard horizontal exit. On upper floors and basements, one exit shall be an enclosed stairway or smokeproof tower and the other or others may be Inside stairways or horizontal exits or fire escape stairs. (b) Exit doers. Doors shall swing in the direction of exit and open In such a manner as not to obstruct passage ways or corridors used as ways of egress. No chairs or seats, fixtures, chutes, ma terials, or equipment shall block or in any way jeopardize the use of ways and means provided for egress. All exit doors and windows used as means of esTess in case of fire or panic shall be so arranged as always to be opened readily from the inside. Locks on doors and windows, if provided, shall not re quire the use ol a key to open. (c) Exit signs.' All exits or means of egress shall be provided with a sign hav ing on it the word "EXIT" which shall be In letters at least five Inches In height and plainly Indicate to persons within the building the location of such egress. 13812 J RULES AND REGULATIONS J Directional signs to the means of 50-204.19 Hatchway and chute floor. (a) Runways, used exclusively for egress should be provided where necessary. Stairways or Stefs 50-204.9 Stair width of treads and height of risers. Every hatchway and chute floor open ing shall be guarded either by: (a) Hinged floor-opening cover of standard strength and construction equipped with ratling constructed In ac cordance with sections 50-204.27 and special purposes (such as oiling, shafting or filling tank cars). may have the rail ing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission, providing there Is no falling hazard. Railings and Guards There shall be no variation In the width of treads and height of risers In 50-204.29 so as to leave no exposed side. When the opening is not In use the cover 50-r204.27 Standard railing. any flight. Where variation In heights shall be closed. A standard railing shall consist of top of risers in different flights Is necessary (b) A removable railing with toe rail, Intermediate rail and posts, having on account of varying story heights, such boards on not more than two sides of the a vertical height of 42 inches from upper variations shall not exceed Ms inch. All opening and permanent railings with toe surface of top rail to floor, platform, run treads shall be at least 10 Inches wide. 50-204.10 Stairway maintenance. Every stairway or step shall be main tained In good repair, free from protrud ing bolts, screws, nails, dirt, or slippery conditions, and no storage shall be per mitted on stairways. 50-204.11 Treads. Treads shall be renewed when the sur face, Including the nosing, shows wear to the extent of V* Inch or more. All metal boards on all other exposed sides both constructed In accordance with sections 60-204.27 and 50-204.29. The removable railings shall be kept in place when the opening is not In use. (c) Where operating conditions neces sitate the feeding of material Into any hatchway or chute opening from all sides, the guarding requirements will be satisfied If bars, chains, or other ade quate protection Is provided to prevent a person from falling through the opening. way or ramp level. The top rail shall be smooth surfaced throughout the length of the railing. The Intermediate rail shall be approximately halfway be tween the top rail and floor, platform, runway or ramp. The ends of the rails shall not overhang the terminer posts except where such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard. 50-204.28 Stair railing. A stair railing shall be of construction similar to a standard railing but the treads shall have a surface which will 50-204.20 Floor hole. vertical height shall be not more than reasonably prevent slipping. 50--204.12 Stairway railings and hand rails. Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with a stair railing or handrails constructed to con form to the requirements of sections 50-204.28 and 50-204.29 under the fol lowing conditions: (a) On stairways of width less than 44 Inches and having both sides en closed--at least one handrail on the right side descending. (b) On stairways of width less than 44 inches and having one side open--at least one stair railing that shall be on the open side. <c) On stairways of width less than 44 Inches and having both sides open-- one stair railing on each side. (d) On stairways of width 44 Inches or more but less than 88 inches--one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side. (e) On stairways 88 inches or more In width--one handrail on each enclosed side, one stair railing on each open side and one Intermediate stair railing lo cated approximately midway of the width. (f) Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail so offset as to prevent walking on any portions of the treads having width less than 6 Inches. Every floor hole except those described In sections 50-204.17, 60-204.18,50-204.19 shall be guarded either by: (a) A railing constructed In conform ance with the requirement In sections 50-204.27 and 60-204.29 with standard toe board on all exposed sides; or (b) A floor opening cover, hinged In place. While the cover Is open, floor holes shall be constantly attended by someone or shall be protected by a port able enclosing railing. Guarding of Open-Sided Floors, Plat forms and Runways 50-204,25 Open-sided floor and platform. (a) Every open-sided floor shall be guarded by a railing constructed In ac cordance with sections 50-204.27 and 50 204.29 on all open sides 5 feet or more above the adjacent floor or ground level, except where there is entrance to a ramp, stairway or fixed ladder. The railing shall be provided with a toe board wherever, beneath the open sides, (1) Persons can pass, (2) There Is moving machinery, or (3) There Is equipment with which falling materials could create a hazard. (b) The intermediate railing and toe board required by sections 50-204.27 and 50-204.29 may be omitted where ma terials have to be regularly passed over the edge of the floor (as In lumber stor 34 Inches nor less than 30 Inches from upper surface of top rail to surface of tread In line with face of riser at forward edge of tread. (a) Intermediate rails shall not be required where stairways are 22 Inches or less In width. 50--204.29 Strength of standard railing and atair railing.- The strength of standard railings and stair railings under different types of construction is specified as follows: (a) Wood railing: For wood railings, the posts shall be of at least 2 inch by 4 Inch stock spaced not to exceed 8 feet; the top rails shall be of at least 2 Inch by 4 Inch stock or of two right angle pieces of at least 1 Inch by 4 inch stock and the Intermediate rails shall be of at least 2 Inch by 2 Inch stock or of at least 1 Inch by 4 inch stock. (b) Pipe railing: For pipe railings, the posts and top rails shall be metal pipe of at least VA Inches Inside diameter and the intermediate rails shall be metal pipe of at least 1 inch inside diameter. The spacing of posts shall not exceed 8 feet. (c) Structural metal 'railings: For structural metal railings, the posts and top rails shall be angle Iron of at least 1% inches by 1% inches by Me Inch or other structural shapes of equivalent bending strength; and the intermediate rails shall be angle iron of at least VA inches by l'A inches by Ve inch or other Guarding of Floor Openincs and age), or where the railing is set back 12 structural shapes of equivalent bending Floor Holes inches or more from the edge. strength. The spacing of posts shall not 50-204.17 Stairway floor openings. A railing constructed to conform to the (c) The entire railing may be tempo exceed 8 feet. roaf roilpyenre-smidoevdedflofroorsmwphaerrteicruelgaurlasrecotpioenrsV/ "pos(dts) Anchor posts: and framing of The anchoring of members for rail requirements of sections 50-204.28 and ating conditions make a permanent rail! ings of all types shall be of such con S0-204.29 shall be provided on all exposed ing wholly impracticable. struction that the completed structure sides of stairway floor openings (except at entrance to stairway). Standard toe 50--204.26 Runwuy guarding. shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied In any boards shall be provided also, except in Every runway shall be guarded by a direction at any point of the top rail. stair towers. railing constructed In accordance with (e) Toe board: A toe board shall be 50--204.18 Ladderway floor openings. Every ladderway floor opening shall be guarded by a standard railing with standard toe board on all exposed sides, except at entrance to opening. sections 50-204.27 and 80-204.29 on all open sides 5 feet or more above floor or ground leveL Wherever tools, machine parts or materials are likely to be used on the runway, a toe board shall also be provided on each exposed side. 4 Inches in vertical height from top edge to the level of the floor, .platform, run way, or ramp. It shall be securely fas tened In place and with not more than Yt inch clearance above floor leveL It may be made of any substantial materia) Wednesday, December 28, 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER II ./ 13813 either solid or with openings not over 1 50-204.49 Painting of wooden ladders. g 50-204.64 Pipe and other long stock. inch in length. Wooden ladders shall not be painted, Pipe and other long stock aboil be Elevators as painting covers up defects. Linseed stored in suitable racks or blocked to g 50-204.34 Elevator inspection. oil or oil stain shall be used Instead. Elevator inspection by a competent g 50-204.50 Stepladders. prevent spreading or rolling. Projecting ends 6hall be protected by location, rail ings, or barriers. elevator inspection service or mainte nance contract on an annual basis will be acceptable as evidence of satisfactory installation and maintenance. 50-204.35 Hoistways. All stepladders shall be provided with an automatic locking device or spreader of not more than 40 degrees to hold the front and back sections in open position. g 50-204.51 Fixed ladders. 50-204.65 Hazardous chemical*. Hazardous chemicals shall be distinc tively marked to-indicate their nature and stored In container* or locations suitable to the material. All hoistway openings at the floor level to the elevator shall be protected by doors or gates either manually or me chanically operated, and interlocked with the elevator control so that it is impossible to start the elevator until the door or gate is locked in the closed posi tion, and also so that it is impossible to open the door or gate when the car is not at the landing. 50--204.36 Under car safety device. All elevators other than hydraulic ele vators shall be equipped with an under car safety device operated by speed gov ernor control that will hold the elevator in case of cable failure or over speeding. g 50-204.37 Hatch limit controls. All types of elevators shall be equipped with upper and lower travel limit de vices that will normally bring the car to rest at either terminal, and a final limit (a) Rest platforms: If fixed ladders are used to ascend to heights exceeding 30 feet, a landing or rest platform shall be provided for each 30 feet or fraction thereof unless the ladder is provided with safety cages. (b) Rails: Ralls of fixed ladders to landings shall extend a distance of at least 3 feet above the landing. (c) Rungs: The rungs may be omitted above the landing. Where an employee must step a greater distance than 14 inches from the ladder to roof, tank, hoist, etc., a landing shall be provided. (d) Guard rails: All fixed ladder landings shall be equipped with a stand ard guard rail and toe boards, so ar ranged as to give the safest possible ac cess to the ladder. Such platforms shall not be less than 24 Inches In width. Aisles and Passageways 50--204.66 Cases in cylinders. (a) Cylinders shall be supported in an upright position so as to prevent them from falling or rolling. (b) Cylinders shall be kept away from excessive heat, such as the direct rays of the sun. (c) Cylinders shall be stored away from combustible materials. (d) J&npty cylinders shall be plainly marked ''EMPTY," and the valves-shall be dosed. The empty cylinders shall be segregated from the full cylinders and returned to the supplier as soon as practicable. <e) Valve covers shall be kept in place at all times when the cylinder is not in use. Outdoor Storage 50-204.71 Aisle spacing. Aisles shall be maintained between switch that will prevent the movement g 50-204.56 Maintenance. piles, between buildings, and between in either direction if opened by the car as the result of excessive over travel in either direction. Illumination g 50-204.42 Minimum standards. (a) Illumination shall be provided and distributed to all working areas as re quired in these regulations. (b) Seeing tasks requiring discrimina tion of fine detail under conditions of fair contrast and where the nature of the work is very exacting and prolonged shall be provided with a minimum of 100 foot-candles of illumination. (c) Seeing tasks requiring discrimina tion of detail over prolonged periods of time and under conditions of moderate contrast shall be provided with a mini mum of 60 foot-candles of illumination. (d) Seeing tasks requiring moderate Permanent aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and In good repair, with no obstructions across or in aisles that might cause tripping. Where, due to lack of proper identification, aisles and passageways are likely to become hazardous, they shall be clearly defined by painted lines, curbings, or other methods of marking. g 50-204.57 Aisle widths. WJiere Industrial trucks are in custom ary use, one-way traffic aisles shall be at least 2 feet wider than the widest vehicle. Two-way aisles shall be at least 3 feet wider than twice the width of the widest vehicle. Material Storage g 50-204.62 Height. piles and the boundary of the storage site. Aisles shall be wide so as to reduce the danger of spread of fire from pile to pile and to permit ready access for fire fighting or emergency removal of material. g 50-204.72 Housekeeping. The entire storage site shall be kept free from unnecessary accumulations of combustible materials. Weeds and grass shall be kept down and the area kept clean. g 50-204.73 Drainage. Proper drainage shall be provided. 50--204.74 Clearance signs. Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided. g 50-20475 Derail and bumper blocks. discrimination of detail over intermit tent periods of time and under conditions - of normal contrast shall be provided with a minimum of 30 foot-candles of (a) All material In bags, containers, or bundles, stored in tiers, shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that it Is stable, so that It is Derail and bumper blocks shall be pro vided on spur tracks. g 50-20476 Traffic control signs. illumination. (e) Casual seeing tasks not involving discrimination of fine detail shall be pro vided with a minimum of 10 foot-candles of Illumination. (f) Rough seeing tasks not requir ing critical seeing shall be provided with a minimum of 5 foot-candles of illumination Ladders g 5(1-204.47 Construction and use of portable ladders. Portable ladders shall be substantially built, set level and well secured. g 50-204.48 Rails of portable ladder*. secure against sliding or collapse. (b) Where automatic sprinkler pro tection is provided, clearance of at least 18 Inches shall be maintained between the tops of materials and the underside of lowest beams or other overhead structures. Where reliance is placed on hose streams, clearance of at least 3 feet shall be maintained between the tops of piles and the underside of the lowest beams, girders, or other obstruc tions which, restrict the play of hose streams over the material. 50-204.63 Small articles. Traffic control signs to warn pedes trian, vehicular, and railroad traffic shall be provided. g 50-204.77 Open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. Covers or guard rails shall be provided to protect all open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc. near which people are regularly employed. Flammable Liquids g 50-20482 Sources of ignition. All sources of Ignition shall be pro hibited in areas where flammable liquids Rails of portable ladders shall always Small articles shall be stored in con are stored, handled, and processed. project at least three feet above work tainers suitable to the material, such as Suitable warning and "No Smoking" ing level and shall be of sound material. small cans or trays that can be stacked. signs shall be posted in all such areas. 13814 4 RULES AND REGULATIONS * 50-204.83 Vegetation removal. materials shall be kept tightly closed Fire Prevention The areas where flammable liquids when not in actual use. g 50-204.113 Equipment general. are stored, handled, or processed shall be left clear Qf rubbish, brush, long grass, or other combustible material at all times. g 50--204.98 Storage locations. Sealed containers of paints, varnishes, lacquers, thlnners, and other flammable paint materials, shall be kept In a well- Fire flghtlng equipment suitable to the conditions and hazards involved shall be provided and maintained in an effective operating condition. A sys 50-204.84 Housekeeping. ventilated location, free from excessive tematic Inspection of these devices Is re Accumulations of flammable liquids on heat, smoke, sparks, flame, or direct rays quired. floors, walls, and other surfaces, are pro of the sun. g 50-204.114 First-aid fire fighting ex hibited. All sptUs of flammable liquids 50-204.99 Storage of flammable paint shall be cleaned up Immediately. materials in opened containers. tinguishers, general rules. The following general rules shall be 50-204.85 Electrical lighting. Electrical lighting shall be the only means used for artificial Illumination in areas where flammable liquids, vapors, fumes, dust, or gases are present. All electrical equipment and Installations shall be of the explosion proof type. S 50-204.86 Ventilation. All buildings, rooms and compart ments where flammable liquids are stored, processed, or used shall be prop erly ventilated to prevent accumulation of flammable vapors. 50--204.87 Refuse storage. In buildings, shops, or rooms where flammable liquids are handled or stored, a self-closing metal refuse can shall be Flammable paint materials, when in excess of 10 gallons and not exceeding 50 gallons, shall be stored In a ventilated steel cabinet, or a cabinet lined with noncombustible material. Containers shall be kept tightly olosed when not In use. 50-204.100 Paint-soiled clothing and drop cloth. Paint-soiled clothing and drop cloths, when not In use, shall be stored In wellventilated steel cabinets. 50-204.101 Housekeeping. Paint scrapings and paint saturated debris shall be removed from the prem ises dally. applied to all types of flrst-ald lire ex tinguishers: (a) Persons who may have occasion to use any fire extinguisher shall have knowledge of the proper way to use the device effectively. (b) The Instructions of the manufac turer of the extinguisher as to charging, maintenance and operations shall be followed exactly. All extinguishers shall be examined at least once a year to de termine positively that they are In operating condition. (c) Frequent inspections shall be made to determine that extinguishers are In their designated places, are readily ac cessible; have not been damaged or tam pered with, and that nozzles are not clogged. provided and maintained In good condi tion. 50-204102 Ventilation of harmful substances. 50-204.115 guishers. Classification of extin 50--20488 Open flame devices pro hibited. .. Open flame heating devices shall not be used In areas where flammable liquids Ventilation adequate to reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere shall be provided, as referred to In section 50-204.86. Listed below are various classes of fires and the extinguishing equipment which shall be maintained appurtenant to the various materials Identified. are present. 50-20489 Bonding and grounding. 8torage tanka and systems shall be electrically bonded and grounded. 650-20490 Relief vents. Storage tanks shall be equipped with proper relief vents. Tank vents shall not be located close to open flames, stacks, heating apparatus, or any other source of ignition. Vent screens shall not be painted. 50-20491 Storage In other than flammahle storage buildings. A ventilated steel cabinet or a cabinet lined with noncombustible material shall be provided for the storage of more than 50-204103 Ventilation of flammable vapors. Ventilation adequate to prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors to hazardous levels of concentration shall be provided in all areas where .spray painting, dipping or similar processes are performed. g 50--204.104 Smoking or open flames prohibited. No smoking, open flame, exposed flame heating elements, or other sources of ignition of any kind shall be per mitted in areas or rooms where spray painting, paint dipping or similar proc esses are done. (a) Class "A" Fires. Fires In ordinary combustible materials where the quench ing and cooling effects of quantities of water or solutions containing large per centage of water are of first Importance. Required extinguishing equipment--soda and acid, pump tank extinguishers or water barrels and buckets. (b) Class "B" Fires. Fires In flam mable liquids, greases, and similar mate rials, where blanketing effect Is essential. Required extinguishing equipment-- foam, carbon tetrachloride, CO,, dry powder type extingnlstiera. or sand buckets and scoops. Carbon tetra chloride extinguishera shall not be used in a confined area. (c) Class "C" Fires. Fire In electrical a total of 10 gallons of flammable liquids In buildings used for other than storage. Not more than a total of 50 gallons shall be stored In any one cabinet, nor shall any Individual con tainer exceed 5 gallon capacity In such a cabinet Containers must be of metal g 50--204.105 Electrical equipment. When electric lights, switches, or elec trical equipment are necessary where In door spray painting, paint dipping or similar processes are performed, they shall be of the explosion-proof type. equipment where the use of nonconduct ing extinguishing agent Is of first Importance. Required extinguishing equipment--CO>, or dry powder pres sure-type extinguishers. Pressure Vessels and kept tightly closed. Storage In drums of over 50 gallons of flammable liquids shall be outside the work-room. 50--204.92 Safety containers. Handling of all flammable liquids by hand containers shall be In approved g 50-204.106 Electric motors. Electric motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed Inside booths or ducts exhausting flammable materials. g 50-204.107 Enclosure driving belts. g 58-204.120 Boilers. Boiler Inspection and approval on an annual basis by a recognized boiler In spection service will be acceptable evi dence of satisfactory Installation and maintenance. type safety containers substantially con structed to avoid the danger of leakage and designed to minimize the likelihood of spilling. Belts shall not enter duct or booth ex hausting flammable materials unless belt and pulley within the duct or booth are thoroughly enclosed. g 50-204.121 Steam cookers, digester, glue pots, etc. All pressure vessels to which steam Is supplied from an outside source shall be Paints and Painting 50--20497 Storage of paints, vnrnisliea, lacquers, thinnera, etc. 50--204108 Storage of combustible and flammable cleaning materials. Combustible and flammable cleaning designed for the maximum line pressure to which the vessel will be subjected. On such vessels It Is required that. In addition to the necessary pressure re Packages containing paints, varnishes, materials at the establishment shall be ducing valve, a safety valve be Installed lacquers, thlnners, or other volatile stored In tightly closed metal containers. on the vessel Itself or on the line between Wednesday, December 28, I960 FEDERAL REGISTER it and the pressure reducer. There shall equal to eight diameters of the cable, or g 50-204.139 Protection to other em he no means of cutting off or bypassing when the wires on the crown of the ployees. this safety valve. Inspection and ade quate maintenance of the vessel. Includ ing regular testing of the safety valve, are mandatory. 50-204.122 Unfired pressure vessels. strand are worn down to less than 60 percent of their original diameter. (d) Crane hoist cable shall be lu bricated and Inspected at frequent Intervals. In all cases employees In the Immedi ate vicinity of welding operations shall be protected in accordance with sections 50-204.269 and 50-204.298. 50-204.140 Inert-gas metal-arc weld (a) Air receivers shall be so Installed that all drains, handholes, and manholes therein are easily accessible. <b) Air receivers shall be supported with sufficient clearance to permit a com plete external Inspection and to avoid corrosion of external surfaces. (c) Under no circumstances shall air receivers be buried underground or lo cated In an Inaccessible place. (d) The receiver shall be located as dose to the compressor or aftercooler as Is possible to keep the discharge short. (e) Hie receiver shall be located in a cool place to facilitate the condensation of moisture and oil vapors. Ventilation and Protection in Welding and Cutting SO-204.135 Welding and culling in confined spaces. For the purpose of this section a con fined space shall mean: (a) A space of less than 10,000 cubic feet per welder, or (b> A space having an overhead height of less than 16 feet, or (c) A space In which there are struc tural barriers to the extent that they significantly obstruct cross ventilation. 50-204.136 Ventilation in confined spaces. ing. Since the inertsgas metal-arc welding process Involves the productlon'of ultra violet radiation of Intensities five to thirty times that produced during shielded metal-arc welding, the decom position of chlorinated solvents by ultra violet rays, and the liberation of toxic fumes and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage In, or be exposed to the process unless: (a) Hie use of chlorinated solvents Is kept at least 200 feet from the exposed arc; surfaces prepared with chlorinated solvents are thoroughly dry before welding Is permitted on such surface. Tools ami Equipscut 50-204.127 Maintenance. All welding and cutting operations car (b) Shaded goggles with side shields ried on fn confined spaces shall be ade are worn by helpers and others In the quately mechanically ventilated to pre area not protected from the arc by Each employer shall be responsible for vent the accumulation of toxic gases or screening. the safe condition of the tools usedhy his possible oxygen deficiency or air sup (c) Protective clothing Is worn by employees, whether furnished by him or plied respirators approved by the U.S. welders and others within the area ex by them, and be sure that such tools are Bureau of Mine* shall he provided to the posed to radiation so that the skin Is suited by safe design and construction welder and all other personnel In the covered completely to prevent burns and for the work to be done. Immediate vicinity. other damage by ultraviolet rays; shirts g 50-204.128 Portable electric power took. fa) Electric power tools showing worn, deteriorated or Inadequate Insulation, split or chipped plugs, worn or bent plugs, terminals, defective switch, shall 8 50-204.137 Mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation shall consist of either general ventilation systems or lo cal exhaust systems. <a) General ventilation shall be at the minimum rate of 2,000 cubic feet per worn are dark In color to reduce reflec tion to the face from underneath the helmet; exposed cotton clothing Is cov ered since it disintegrates rapidly when exposed to high Intensities of ultraviolet rays; welding helmets and hand shields are free of leaks and openings, and free be repaired. minute per welder. of highly reflective surfaces. (b) Portable electric power tools shall (b) Local exhaust shall consist of <d) Local exhaust ventilation or sup- beeffectlvdy grounded to maintain at all freely movable hoods Intended to be pUed air respirators are provided in all times an effective ground on the non placed by the welder as near as prac cases when doing Inert-gas metal-arc current carrying parts of the tools. g 50-204.129 Portable pneumatic tools. (a) The operating trigger on portable hand-operated pneumatic equipment shall be so located as to minimize the ticable to the work being welded and pro vided with a rate of air flow sufficient to maintain a velocity in the direction of the hood of 100 linear feet per minute In the zone of welding when the hood Is at Its most remote distance from the point welding of stainless steel to protect against dangerous concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. 8 50-204.141 General welding and cut ting. possibility of accidental operation and of welding. Welding and cutting not Involving aba be arranged to dose the air Inlet valve automatically when the pressure of the operator's hand is removed. g 50-204.138 Welding and cutting In volving metal* of toxic significance. conditions or materials described In sec tions 60-204.135 and 60-204.138 may normally be done without special pre (b) A tool retainer shall be Installed (a) Welding and cutting Involving the cautions, but where, because of unusual on each piece of pneumatic equipment following metals whether or not In con physical or atmospheric conditions, a which, without such a retainer, may fined spaces or In other enclosed spaces harmful accumulation of contaminants eject the tooL shall be done in accordance with the pro would exist, mechanical ventilation or (c) No tool change or work other than visions of sections 204.130 and 204.137. suitable respiratory protective equipment regular operations shall be made or done (1) Zinc-bearing base of filler metals shall be provided. on any piece of portable hand-operated pneumatic equipment unless the stop or metals coated with zinc-bearing ma terials. Electrical Installation and Equipment valve In the air line supplying that equip (2) Lead base metals. 50--204-148 Electrical installation and mentis dosed. (3) Cadmium-bearing filler materials. equipment. g 50-204.130 Cables, ropes, and chains. (a) Chains, ropes, cables, hooks, rings, slings, and other devices and accessories used for hoisting and lifting ahnn not be subjected to greater working loads than recommended by their manufacturers. They shall be frequently Inspected and shall be renewed when lnpectlon reveals unsafe conditions. (b) Welding or cutting Involving the following metals In confined spaces shall be dime using local exhaust ventilation or alr-Une respirators approved by the UJ5. Bureau of Mines. (1) Metals containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metals coated with lead-bearing materials. Including paint. (2) Cadmium-bearing or cadmiumcoated base metals. Electrical conductors and equipment Installed within or on buildings and other premises and the conductors that connect the installation to a supply of electricity and other outside conductors adjacent to the premises shall conform tothe minimum requirements of the Na tional Electrical Code, 1959 Edition, National Fire Protection Association. (b) Bolts or nails shall not be used <3) Metals coated with mercury-bear Mechanical Power Transmission to connect, splice, or shorten chains. ing metals, including paint. Apparatub Knots shall not be tied In the chain. (c) A hoist cable shall be considered (4) Beryllium-containing base or filler metals. Because of its high toxicity, 6 50-204.153 Flywheels, unsafe and shall be replaced when upon work Involving beryllium shall be done Flywheels located so that any part Is Inspection 10 percent or more of the total with both local exhaust ventilation and 7 feet or less above floor or platform shall number of wires are broken In a length alr-Une respirators. be guarded In one of the following ways: 13816 w RULES AND REGULATIONS it (a) With an enclosure ol sheet, perl- sides ol the trough shall extend at least (c) Horizontal overhead belts more orated, or expanded metal, or woven 2 inches beyond the shafting or protu- than 7 feet above floor or platform shall wlre. For standards, see sections 60- berance. For requirements regarding be guarded for their entire length under 204.179 and 60-204.180. materials and construction, see sections the following conditions: (b) With- guard rails placed not less 50-204.179 and 60-204.181. (1) If located over passageways or than 15 inches nor more than 20 inches from rim. When flywheel extends into pit or is within 12 inches of floor, a standard toe board shall also be provided. For standards, eee section 60-204.185. (c) An adjustable guard to be used for 50-204.159 Guarding vertical and in clined shafting. Vertical and Inclined shafting 7 feet or less from floor or working platform, excepting maintenance runways, 6hall work places and traveling 1800 feet or more per minute. (2) If center to center distance between pulleys is 10 feet or more. (3) If belt Is 8 inches or more in width. For detail of guard construction and for starting the engine or for running ad be enclosed with a stationary casing in sizes of material see section 50-204.183 justment may be provided at the fly accordance with requirements of sections and table following section 60-204.184. wheel of gas or oil engines. A slot 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. (d) Where the upper and lower runs opening for the jack permitted. bar will be 50-204.160 Projecting shaft ends. of horizontal belts are so located that passage of persons between them would (d) Wherever flywheels are above (a) Projecting shaft ends shall pre be possible, the passage shall be either: working areas, guards shall be installed sent a smooth edge .and end and shall (1) Completely barred by a guard rail having sufficient strength to hold the not project more than one-half the di or other barrier in accordance with sec weight of the flywheel in the event of a ameter of the shaft unless guarded by tions 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. or shaft or wheel mounting failure. 50-204.154 Cranks and connecting rods. Cranks and connecting rods, when ex posed to contact, shall be guarded in accordance with sections 60-204.179 and 60-204.180 or by a guard rail as described In section 50-204.185. nonrotating caps or safety sleeves. (b) Unused key-ways shall be filled up or covered. 50--204.161 Power-transmission appa ratus located in basemeRta. All mechanical power transmission ap paratus located In basements, towers, and rooms used exclusively for power <2) Where passage is regarded as nec essary, there shall be a platform over the lower run guarded on either side by a railing completely filled in with wire meah or other filler, or by a solid barrier. The upper run shall be so guarded as to prevent contact therewith either by the worker or by objects carried by him in power plants, only the lower run of the 50-204.155 Tail rods or extension piston rods. Tail rods or extension piston rods shall be guarded in accordance with sections 60-204.179 and 60-204.181 or by a guard rail on sides and end, with a clearance of not less .than 15 nor more than 20 inches when rod is fully extended. transmission equipment shall be guarded in accordance with these standards, ex cept that the requirements for safe guarding belts, pulleys, and shafting may be omitted if the following con ditions are met: (a) The basement, tower, or room oc cupied by transmission equipment is locked against unauthorized entrance. belt need be guarded. g 50--204.164 Overhead chain and link belt drives. Overhead chain and link belt drives are governed by the same rules as over head horizontal belts and shall be guarded In the same manner as belts (section 50-204.183). fi 50-204.156 Governor balls. Governor balls 6 feet or less from the floor or other working level, when ex posed to contact shall be provided with an enclosure extending to the top of the governors bells when at their highest position. The material used in the con struction of this enclosure shall conform to sections 50-204.179 and 60-204.181. (b) The vertical clearance In passage ways between the floor and power trans mission beams, celling, or any other ob jects, is not less than 6 feet 8 Inches. (c) The footing is dry, firm, and level. (d) The route followed by the oiler Is protected In such manner as to prevent accidents. g 50-204.162 Pulleys. g 50--204.165 Vertical and inclined belts. (a) Vertical and inclined belts shall be enclosed by a guard conforming to standards in sections 50-204.179 and 60-204.181. (b) All guards for inclined belts shall be arranged In such a mnnnrr that a minimum clearance of 7 feet is main 50--204.157 Shafting Installation. Any parts of which are 7 feet or less tained between belt and floor at any (a) Each continuous line of shafting shall be secured in a position against ex cessive end-wise movement. (b) Inclined and vertical shafts, par ticularly Inclined idler shafts, shall be securely held in position against endwise thrust 6 50-204.158 Guarding horizontal shaft. ' ing. from the floor or working platform shall be guarded in accordance with the stand ards specified under section 50-204.179 and 50-204.181. Pulleys serving as bal ance wheels (e.g., punch presses) on which the point of contact between belt and pulley Is more than 6 feet 6 Inches from the floor or platform may be guarded with a disk covering the spokes. See section 50-204.180. point outside of guard. 50-204.166 Vertical belts. Vertical belts running over a lower pulley more than 7 feet above floor or platform khall be guarded at the bottom In the same manner as horizontal over head belts, if conditions are such as stated in section 50-204.183(0) (1). (2). and (3). (a) All exposed parts of horizontal shafting 7 feet or less from floor or work ing platform, excepting runways used 50-204.163 Horizontal belts, ropes and chain drives. g 50-204.167 Cone-pulley belts. (a) The cone belt and pulley shall be exclusively for oiling, or running adjust (a) Where both runs of horizontal belts equipped with a belt shifter so con ments, shall be protected by a stationary are 7 feet os less from the floor level, the structed as to guard adequately the nip- casing enclosing shafting completely or gyard shall extend to at least fifteen point of the belt and pulley. If the by a trough enclosing sides and top or inches above the belt or to a standard frame of the belt shifter does not ade sides and bottom of shafting as location height (see table, section 50-204.181) ex quately guard the nip-point of the belt requires. cept that where both runs of a hori and pulley, the nip-point shall be fur (b) Wherever shafting extends over a zontal belt are 42 Inches or less from the ther protected by means ol a vertical driveway, it shall be protected as stated floor, the belt shall be fully enclosed guard placed In front of the pulley and above unless it is located 16 feet or more in accordance with sections 60-204.179 extending at least to the top of the above driveway. and 50-204.181. In power plants or largest step of the cone. <c> Shafting under bench machines power-development rooms, a guard rail (b) If the belt is of the endless type or shall be enclosed by a stationary casing, may be used in lieu of the requirement laced with rawhide laces, and a belt or by a trough at sides and top or sides in section 60-204.183. shifter is not desired, the nip-point of and bottom, as location requires. The (b) Overhead horizontal belts, with the belt pulley shall be protected by a sides of the trough shall come within at lower part 7 feet or less from the floor or nlp-polnt guard located in front of the least 6 Inches of the underside of table, platform, shall be guarded on sides and cone extending at least to the top of the or if shafting is located near floor, with bottom in accordance with section 50 largest step of the cone, and formed in 6 Inches of floor. In every case the 204.183. to show the contour of the cone in order Wednesday, December 28, 1960 FEDERAL REGISTER <\ 13817 to give the nip-point of the belt and covered with safety sleeves or where they 12 square feet, additional frame mem pulley the maximum protection. are used parallel with the shafting and bers shall be provided to maintain panel (c) If the cone is located less than are countersunk or else do not extend area within this limit 3 feet from the floor or working plat beyond the flange of the coupling. (5) All joints of framework shall be form, the cone pulley and belt shall be guarded to a height of 3 feet regardless of whether the belt is endless or laced Guard Standards for Mechanical Power Transmission made equivalent in strength to the ma terial of the frame. with rawhide. 50--204.179 Materials. 50-204.168 Gears. (a) Standard conditions will be se Gears shall be guarded in accordance with one of the following specifications: (a) A complete enclosure. (b) A standard guard as described in section 204.181 at least 7 feet high ex tending 6 inches above the mesh point of the gears. (c) By a band guard covering the face of the gear and having flanges extended Inward beyond the root of the teeth on the exposed side or sides. Where any portion of the train of gears guarded by a band guard is less than 6 feet from the floor a disk guard or a complete enclosure to the height of 6 feet shall be required. cured by the use of the following ma terials: Expanded metal, perforated or solid metal or wire mesh on a frame of angle iron or iron pipe securely fastened to floor or to frame of machine (see sec tion 50-204.181). (1) All metal shall be free from burrs and sharp edges. (2) Wire mesh shall be of the type In which the wires are securely fastened at every cross point either by welding, soldering, or galvanizing, except in case of diamond or square wire mesh made of No. 14 gauge wire. inch mesh or heavier. tb> Design of guards: g 50-204.169 Sprockets and chains. (1) Where it Is necessary to change All sprocket wheels and chains shall be enclosed unless more than 7 feet above the floor or platform. Where the drive extends over other machines or working areas, protection against fall ing shall be provided. g 50-204.170 Openings for oiling. belts, make adjustments or apply oil or grease, guards shall have hinged sec tions or be removable. (2) Guards shall be designed so as not to interfere with the usual machine op erations, but give the maximum protec tion to the operator. (c) Methods of manufacture: When frequent oiling must be made., (1) Filler material shall be expanded openings with hinged or sliding self metal, sheet or perforated metal, or closing covers shall be provided. All wire mesh and be securely fastened to points not readily accessible shall have frame. oil feed tubes if lubricant is to be added (2) By welding to frame every 4 while machinery is in motion. inches. By weaving through channel or g 50--204.171 Friction drives. angle frame, or if No. 14 gauge % inch mesh or heavier is used, by bending en (a) The driving point of all friction tirely around rod frames. drives when exposed to contact shall be (3) Where openings in pipe railing guarded. are to be filled in with expanded metal, (b) All arm or spoke friction drives and wire or sheet metal, the filler material all web friction drives with holes in the shall be made into panels with rolled web shall be entirely enclosed. edges or bound with "V" or "U" edging 50-204.180 Disk, shield, and "U" guards. <a> Disk guard: A disk guard shall consist of a sheet-metal disk not less than No. 22 gauge fastened by "U" bolts or rivets to spokes of pulleys, flywheels, or gears. Where possibility of contact with sharp edges of the disk exists, the edge shall be rolled or wired. In all cases the nuts 6hall be provided with lock nuts which shall be placed on the unex posed side of the wheel. (b) Shield guards. (1) A shield guard shall consist of a frame filled in with wire mesh, expanded, perforated, or solid sheet metal. (2) If area of shield does not exceed' 6 square feet the wire mesh or expanded metal may be fastened in a framework of % inch solid rod, % inch x % inch x Va inch angle bon or metal construction of equivalent strength. (3) Metal shields may have edges en tirely rolled around a % Inch solid bon rod. AU material of shield guard shall meet the requirements of section 50-204.181. (c) "U" Guards: A VTJ" guard con sisting of a flat surface with edge mem bers shall be designed to cover the under surface and lower edge of a belt, multiple chain, or rope drive. It shall be con structed of materials specified In table of section 50-204.181 and shall conform to the requirements of sections 50 204.183 and 50-204.184. Edges shall be smooth, and if size of guard requires, these edges shall be reinforced by rolling, wiring, or by binding with angle or flat bon. ' (c) All projecting bolts on friction of No. 24 gauge or heavier sheet metal 50-204.181 Approved materials. drives where exposed to contact shall be guarded. g 50--204.172 Ke;s, trl screws, nnd oilier projections. All projecting keys, set screws and other projections in revolving parts shall be removed or made flush or guarded by metal covers. This does not apply to keys or set screws within gear or sprocket fastened to the panels with bolts or rivets spaced not more than 5 inches center to center. The bound panels shall be fastened to the railing by sheet-metal clips spaced not more than 5 inches center to center. (4) Where the design of guards re quires filled material of greater area than (a) Minimum Requirements. The materials and dimensions specified In this section shall apply to all guards ex cept horizonal overhead belts, rope, cable or chain guards more than 7 feet above floor, or platform. (For the latter, see table following section 60-204.184J Table or Standard Materials and Dimensions casings or other enclosures, nor to keys, set screws, or oil cups in hubs of pulleys less than twenty inches in diameter where they are within the plane of the Material Clearance from moving part at all points Largest mesh or opening allowable \flnfmnm jtn|w (U.6. standard) or thickness height of guard from floor or platform level rim of the pulley. g 50-204.173 Collars. All revolving collars, Including split collars, shall be cylindrical, and screws or bolts used in collars shall not project beyond the largest periphery of the collar. g 50-201.174 Couplings. (a) Shaft couplings shall be so con structed as to present no hazard from bolts, nuts, set screws, or revolving sur faces. ' (b) Bolts, nuts, and set screws will, however, be permitted where they are Woven wire.. Expaudvd metal....................... . Perforated metal________ ____ _ Sheet metal............. ................ . Wood or metal strip crowd. Under 2"__ 2"-4"_____ Under 4".-- 4"-"........... . Unflor 4"__ 4"-16"....... . Under 4"__ k4"-l6"......... Under 4"__ 4"-13"......... Under 4"-- 4M-15"...... Under 4"... Wood or metal strip not crossed. 4"-18"__ Std. rail................................. Min. 18".. Mil, ao"- H"-. No. 1ft. W"---------- ----- No. 16- W*------ No. IS_ 2"___________ No. ic=rH."------ No. No. 1S_ No. 20No. 14_ No. 23- No. 22_ nnnnrvrrrr..... nr. nr. TnVr*.. nr. 2"._ M" width.. /Wood H" (Metal No. 18 (Wood H"__________ Metal No. 1S_-------/Wood M" (Metal No. 1 nr. nr. nr. I" width__ (Wood H" (Metal No. IS. nr. Jsee Standard for Railings Section SOURS. No. 261--Part H- 2 13818 4 RULES AND REGULATIONS l 4 (h) Framework: belt and follow the line of the pulley to of the pulleys which the guard encloses (1) Minimum dimensions of material the celling or be carried to the nearest thus forming a trough. These side filler for the framework of all guards 'except wall, thus enclosing the belt effectively. members shall be reinforced on the edges as noted in subparagraph (5) of this Where belts are so located as to make it with 1 Yz inch x V* inch flat steel, riveted paragraph shall be angle iron 1 Inch x 1 impracticable to carry the guard to wall to the filling material at not greater than inch x Yb inch, metal pipe of V inch in or ceiling, construction of the guard 8 inch centers; the reinforcing strip shall side diameter or metal construction of shall be such as to enclose completely the be fastened or bolted to all guard sup equivalent strength. top and bottom runs of belt and the face porting members with at least one % (2) All guards shall be rigidly braced of pulleys. See section 50-204.163 <b) inch rivet or bolt at each intersection, every 3 feet or .fractional part of their and (c). and the ends shall be secured to the ceil height to some fixed part of machinery (b> The guard and all its supporting ing with lag screws or bolts. The filling or building structure. Where guard is members shall be securely fastened to materials shall be fastened to the frame exposed to contact with moving equip wall or ceiling by gimlet-point lag screws work of the guard and the filler supports ment additional strength is necessary. or through bolts. In case of masonry by Yu inch rivets spaced on 4 inch cen (3) The framework for all guards construction, expansion bolts shall be ters. The width of the multiple drive fastened to floor or working platform used. shall be determined by measuring the and without other support or bracing (c) Suitable reinforcement shall be distance from the outside of the first to shall consist of 1V4 Inch x lYi inch x Yb provided for the celling rafters or over the outside of the last rope or chain in inch angle iron, metal pipe or 1% inch head floor beams, where such is neces the group'accommodated by the pulley. Inside diameter or metal construction of equivalent strength. All rectangular sary, to sustain safely the weight and stress likely to be Imposed by the guard. 50--204.185 Guard rails and toe boards. guards shall have at least 4 upright The interior surface of all guards, by (a) Guard rails shall be 42 inches in frame members each of which shall be which is meant the surface of the guard height, with mid-rail between top rail carried to the floor and be securely with which a belt will come in contact, and floor. fastened thereto. shall be smooth and free from all pro (b) Posts shall be not more than 8 (4) Cylindrical guards shall have at jections of any character, except where feet apart; they are to be permanent and least 3 supporting members carried to construction demands it; protruding substantial, smooth, and free from pro floor. shallow round-head rivets may be used. truding nails, bolts, and splinters. If (5) Guards thirty inches or less in Overhead belt guards shall be at least made of pipe, the post shall be lVi inches height and with a total surface not in one-quarter wider than the belt which inside diameter, or larger. If made of excess of ten square feet may have a they protect, except that this clearance metal shapes or bars, their section shall framework of % Inch solid rod, % inch need not in any case exceed 6 inches on be equal in strength to that of 1 Yt by 1 Yt x % Inch x Ya inch angle or metal con each side. Overhead rope drive and by Ms Inch angle iron. If made of wood, struction of equivalent strength. The block and roller-chain-drlveguards shall the posts shall be 2 x 4 Inches or larger. filling material shall correspond to the be not less than 6 Inches wider than the The upper rail shall be 2 x 4 inches or requirements of the table contained in drive on each side. two 1x4 strips, one at the top and one paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Ihe specifications given in para graphs (a) and (b) of this section are the minimum requirements; where guards are exposed to unusual wear, deteriora tion or impact, heavier material and construction shall be used to protect amply against the specific hazards Involved. S 50--204.182 Wood guards. (a) Wood guards may be used in the woodworking and chemical industries, in Industries where the presence of fumes or where manufacturing conditions In overhead silent chain-drive guards where the chain is held from lateral displacement on the sprockets, the side clearances required on drives of 20 inch centers or under shall not be less than V* inch from the nearest moving chain part and on drives of over 20 inch centers a minimum of Yt inch from the nearest moving chain part. 'd) The table following section 50 204.184 gives sizes of materials to be used and general construction of guards for belts 10 Inches or more in width. No material for overhead belt guards at the side of posts. The mid-rail shall be 1 x 4 inches or more. The rails (metal shapes, metal bars, or wood), shall be on that side of the posts which gives the best protection and support. Where panels are fitted with-expanded metal or wire mesh as noted in table, section 204.181 the middle rails may be omitted. Where guard is exposed to contact with moving equipment, addi tional strength may be necessary. (c) Toe boards shall be 4 Inches or more In height, of wood, metal, or of metal grill not exceeding 1 inch mesh. would cause the rapid deterioration of should be smaller than that specified in Miscellaneous Machine Guarding metal guards; also in construction work and in locations outdoors where extreme cold or extreme heat makes metal guards this table for belts 10 to 14 inches wide, even if the belt is less than 10 inches in width. However, No. 20 gauge sheet 50-204.190 Lathes screw machines. and automatic " and railings undesirable. In all other metal may be used as a filler on guards (a) Chucks and face plates Bhall be industries, wood guards will not be for belts less than 10 inches wide. Ex free from projections, and dogs, if u$ed, allowed. (b) Material and construction. panded metal, because of the sharp ahull be of the safety type only--circular edges, shall not be used as a filler in hori In shape with no projections beyond the (1) Wood shall be sound, tough, and zontal belt guards. periphery. free from any loose knots. (e) For clearance between guards and (b) Chip guards to catch flying chips, (2) Guards shall be made of planed belts, ropes or chains of various center particularly in the case of the high lumber not less than one inch rough to center dimensions between the shafts, speeds used In the.softer metals, shall be board measure and edges and comers see bottom of table following section provided.' rounded off. (3) Wood guards shall be securely fastened together with wood screws, hard wood dowel pins, bolts, or rivets. 50-204.184. 50-204.184 Cuards for horizontal overhead rope and chain drives. (c) Rotating stock in turret lathes and automatic screw machines shall be com pletely enclosed In pipe long enough to contain the longest stock used. (4) While no definite dimensions are Overhead-rope and chain-drive guard (d) Suitable shields and oil catchers given under this heading for framework construction shall conform to section 50 shall be provided to prevent sllpperlness or filler materials, wood guards shall be 204.183 for overhead-belt guard con from oil thrown from the automatic equal in strength and rigidity to metal struction of similar width, except that screw machines. . guards specified 204.181(a) (b) (c). in section 50- the filler materials shall be of the solid type as shown in table following section 50-204.191 Drill presses. (5) For construction of standard wood 50-204.181 (a) unless the fire hazard de (a) All projections on the rotating railing, see section 50-204.185. mands the use of open construction. A spindle and as much as possible of the 8 50-204.183 Guards f o r horizontal overhead belts. (a) Guards for horizontal overhead side guard member of the same solid fill ing material shall be carried up in a vertical position 2 inches above the level of the lower run of the rope or chain spindle itself should be guarded. (b) Spindle drive belts, when In range of the operator's head or body, shall be guarded to protect the operator from belts shall run the entire length of the drive and 2 Inches within the periphery both contact and breakage. Wednesday, December 28, FEDERAL REGISTER 13819 Guard SxQumsuxKTa tor noauoKLAi.Overhead Belie, Roece, aro Chaika 7 Pert os Mom Above Floor ob Platform (b) General requirements for point of operations guarding. Every point of op Width eration guarding device shah be simple and reliable In construction, application, Men.ben Over 10" to 14" locL Over 14" to 24" Incl. Over 24" Material Framework--------------------------- Tt'xt'x fit"____ a" x a" x H"...... Filler (belt guard!)----------- ------ 2"* He".............. 2" x M."---------- Filler and vertical aide member_ No. 20 A.W.G__ . No. 18 A.W.Q.... No. 18 A.W.O... Filler aupporta------------------- 2" x fit" flat Iron. 2" I H" flat Iron.. tH"x2H"xH" angle. Guard aupporta______ 2"i."............... 2" * ft"................ 2)4" x fi"........... Angle bon. Flat boo. Bolldabeet metal, flat A Angle. Flat bon. and adjustment It shall be perma nently attached to the press or the die. It shall not offer any accident hazard In Itself. (1) The device shall be designed and constructed so that It is Impossible for the operator to place or permit his hand or fingers to remain within the danger tastbninge Filler aupporta to framework__ Filler Bata to aupporta (belt guards) . Fflier to flame and aupporta (rope and chain guarda). Guard aupporta to framework... Guard andaupporta to overhead celling. (2) He"............. (1) He .........- (2) H" (OHMe"----------- (3) H".................... Rlveta. U H"........ ...... Flush rlveta. fit" rlveta spaced. 8" centers on sides and 4" centers on bottom. (2) H"............. H" x 8)4" lag screws or H" bolts. (2) Me"-------------- (2) H"--------------- Rlveta or bolts. fi" x 4" lag H"x6"lag Lag screws or screws or fV screws or H" bolts. bolts. bolts. details--seactnc, etc. Width of guards-____ _______ Spacing between filler aupporta. Spacing between Slier flat (belt guarda). Spacing between guardeupporta. ono-quarter wider than belt, rope, or chain drive. 20"C. to C". 16" O. lo C-, 16" O. to C----- 2" apart,.............. 2H" opart----------- 8" apart_________ 38" C. toC........... 36" 0. toC.......... 36" C. tc C___ OTHER BELT OOABD TILUKO EEBLOTTED zone created by the movement of the ram (2) Care shall be used In the selection of the method of guarding for each par ticular Job. Guards shall be installed, maintained, and adjusted to produce safe operation at each setting of the press. (3) Guards which are attached to the ram and which move downward so that the operator's hand or fingers might be caught between gate and lower die shall not be used. (c) Fixed barrier guard. (1) A fixed barrier guard is an enclosure to prevent the hands or fingers of the operator from entering the area between the dies. It Sheet metal fastened aa in rope No. 20 A.W.G___ No. 18 A.W.O. and chain guarda. Woven wire, 2" meab____ ____ _ No. 12 A.W.O.... No. 10 A.W.O. No. 18 A.W.O. No. t A.W.O.. Solid or per forated. CLEARANCE THOM OTJWIDK Of BELT, RAPE, OB CHAIN DBITB TO OOABD may be attached to the press or individ ual guards may be attached to the dies. (2) There shall be no expoeed shear points between the guard and any mov ing part. Distanceoonter to oenterofsbefts. Up to If Ind....... OverM'toV'iDcl. Over 28' to iO'faicl. Over 40'. Clearanoe from belt, rope, or in" is"__ ____ 20". chain to guard. (3) Openings In the guard or between the guard and working surface shall not be greater than those shown in the Table below: 50-204.192 Planers and shapers (metal). (a) Hie spaces between the ways of planer frames shall be filled In smoothly with heavy sheet metal to eliminate the shear hazard. (b) Where there Is not a 12-lnch clearance between a fixed object and the planer table and the work carried on the table, a railing shall be provided between the fixed object and the table and the work on the table to protect workers passing between the fixed object and the planer. 6 50-204.193 Shears. (a) Alligator shears shall be guarded by running a heavy U-shaped metal strap horizontally around the moving (upper) jaw with the lower edge of the strap just far enough above the cutting edge of the fixed (lower) Jaw to allow the material to be Inserted In the shears.' (b) Squaring drears shall be provided with a fixed barrier which clears the top of the table by not more than % inch plus the minimum thickness of material for which uied. Automatic clamps shall be acceptable as guards when cutouts are filled In so that fingers of the op erator cannot enter the danger zone. 50-204.194 Guillotine cutters, power* driven. (a) Power-driven guillotine cutters shall be equipped with a guard or device which will prevent the hands of the workers from entering the zone traveled by the knife while the knife Is In motion. This may be a fixed barrier or It may consist of a two-handed device requiring the simultaneous use of the worker's two bands at points outside the zone of danger. (b) In addition to the point of opera tion guard or device -described In sec tion 50-204.194(a), the power-driven guillotine cutter shall be provided with an arrangement which will prevent the cutter from making a seoond stroke until the lever or two-handed device Is again used. g 50-204.195 Power presses. (a) Safeguarding classification. One or more means of safeguarding the press at the mint of operation shall be pro vided and used on every power press, depending upon the method of feeding. In accordance with the following: Safeguarding Classification Method of feeding press Safeguarding required Automatic teed: Fixed barrier guard or Automatic ron feed, gate guard (section Automatic push, 00-204.186 (c), (d) pull or dial teed. Semiautomatic feed: Fixed barrier guard or Chute feed (both gate guard (section gravity and fol- 80-204.196 (c), (d) low feed). Slide or push feed. Sliding dies. Dial feed. Revolving dies. Manual feedFixed barrier guard or gate guard, twohand tripping device, or pull-out guard, electronic sweep guard (section 80 804408 (o). (d). (e). (*).>.(*)) Pnmnwnm Ororxwcs (inches) Distanoe of opening Maximum from nip point: width-of opening OH to 1)4,,------------------------------ V4 1'A to 2)4------------------------- H afctoSK--------------------------------- y, 314 to 8)4--------------------------------- * 6)4 to 8)4--------------------------------- % 6)4 to 7)4--------------------------------- % 7)4 to 8)4------------------------------- 1)4 (4) For the portion of the guard be tween the operator and the die or work ing area, it Is required that #-ineh minimum vertical steel rods, vertically slotted material, or shatterproof, non flammable, transparent material be used. Mesh, or perforated plate shall not be used between the operator and the die. (5) Any hinged or movable section of a fixed barrier guard shall be con nected to an interlocking device that will prevent tripping the press while the sec tion is open. .(d) Gate guards. (1) A gate guard is a movable barrier arranged so that It completes the enclosure of the point of operation before the operating clutch can become engaged. (2) Openings in the barrier of the gate guard shall be not greater than those specified for the openings In fixed barrier guards In section 50-204.195(c) (3). The mechanism of the guard shall be de signed so that there will be no positive linkage or other close motion which may trap the hand of the operator. (3) Gate guards shall Include either fixed or movable side enclosures around the die. 13820 4 RULES AND REGULATIONS \ 4 (4) When the speed of the ram Is so reach behind the guard in the danger 50-204,198 Platen presses. slow that an operator might beat the ram on the down stroke after the press has been tripped, the gate guard shall be designed so that the gate remains closed until the ram has completed the down stroke# (c) Turn-hand tripping device. (1) Two-hand tripping devices Include only those which make It impossible to trip the press without the simultaneous use of both hands outside the danger rone. It shall be designed, located, and arranged so as to prevent tying, wedging, or otherwise securing one handle or but zone before the ram has completed its downward stroke. (3) The sweep or sweeps shall not offer any hazard of or in themselves by creating a shear hazard between the sweep arm and press tie rods, die straps, or other parts of the press or guard. <i) One-hand tripping-device. When ever a press is set up so as to require tripping the ram, or plunger by one hand, additional guarding as specified in sec tion 50-204.195 shall be provided. (j) Special hand tools. Hand tools for placing and removing material shall Platen presses shall be provided with an automatic feed device, an automatic stop device, a guard gate or sweep motion device, or another device, all as defined In this section. (a) An automatic feed device is one which does not require the operator's hand to be placed between the platen and bed. - (b) An automatic stop device is one which will prevent the platen from clos ing if riie band or hands of the operator are caught between the platen and the bed. ton or operating It with any gesture or be such as to permit easy handling of (c) A guard, gate or sweep motion device and tripping the press while the material without the operator's placing device, Is one which will throw the op other hand may be in the danger zone. a hand in the danger zone. Such tools erator's hands out of the way before (2) On friction-clutch-o p e r a t e d shall not be accepted in lieu of other the press closes. If the guard is of the presses, the controls shall be arranged so guarding as provided in this section. type which lifts the hands out of the that If any hand is removed from a con trol-during the down stroke of the ram, 50-204:196 Foot presses. danger zone, it shall rise at least 4 Inches above the platen before the press closes. it will be Instantly stopped. Foot presses shall be guarded by one The guard shall be arranged so that it (3) Where two or more persons are or more of the guards described in sec will prevent a shear between the guard engaged in the operation of a single tion 50-204.195 (a) to (d). inclusive. and the top of the platen. press, separate two-hand controls shall (a) Fixed barrier guards. Fixed bar (d) "Another device" is one that will be provided for each person, except that rier guards shall conform to section 50- prevent the platen from closing on the an auxiliary foot oontrol (air or electric) may be used in lieu of one set of two-hand controls, provided the foot control is located so that the nip point is out of the reach of the operator, but the foot con trols shall in no case be less than a dis tance of 36 inches measured horizontally from the nip point. (f) Pull-out guards. (1) Pull-out 204.195(c). (b) Limitation of stroke. If a foot or kick press is guarded by limitation of the ram stroke, the adjustment must be set and locked securely In position to limit the maximum travel of the ram to % inch on each stroke. There shall be no pinching or crushing hazards be tween other parts of the ram or die shoe. operator's hands before they are removed from between the platen and the bed. 59-204.199 Abrasive wheels. (a) The machine shall be securely mounted on substantial floors, benches, foundations or other adequate structures. (b) Guards. Every stationary abra sive wheel and portable wheel-used In guards shall be so constructed as to be attached to the operator's hands or arms and connected to the ram, plunger, or outer slide of the press In suCh a way that the operator's hands and fingers will be withdrawn from the danger zone before the ram, plunger, or outer slide descends to a hazardous point. (2) Where the open distance between the top of the work and the lower ex tremity of the punch is less than 2 Inches (c) Gate guards. A gate shall be de signed to close the opening at the front of the press before the foot lever can be operated. (d) Two-hand operation. Two-hand operations shall conform to section 50204.195(e). (e) Sweep guards. Sweep guards shall conform to section 60-204.195(h). (f) Pull-out guards. Pull-out guards shall conform to section 50-204.195(f). stationary position shall be equipped with a hood or band guard strong enough to withstand the shock of a bursting whceL A guard of this type shall also be used on every portable wheel where the nature of the work will permit. (c> Spindle. The spindle and nut and flange projection, if any, shall be guarded. (d) Mountings and fastenings. Hoods 6hall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheels, and the multiplying action of this guard shall (g) Location. Foot presses shall not the strength of the fastenings shall ex be such that the hands will be with be located In a position which will permit ceed the strength of the hood. drawn a safe distance before this open the operating lever to extend intj an (e) Dust exhaust provisions. Hoods distance is V% closed. aisle or passageway. on machines used for dry grinding and <g) Electronic safety device. (1) (h) Mounting. Foot presses shall be other operations where dust 1s produced An electronic safety device shall be securely bolted to the floor. shall have provisions made for connec so designed and Installed that when the operator's hand or any part of the 59-204.197 devices. Other power-press safety tion to an exhaust system. (f) Work rests. Work rests shall be body Is in the die zone, the press cannot kept adjusted close to the wheel with a be tripped and if the hand or any part (a) Treadle guard. A substantial maximum distance of Va Inch to prevent of the body is Inserted while the ram is guard shall be placed over the treadle the work from being caught between the in a downward motion, it will immedi of every foot-operated power press to wheel and the rest. ately stop the ram. <2) These guards shall be operated tram a circuit wired so that Interruption of the electric current will automatically prevent accidental tripping. (b) Foot treadle. The use of tension springs or counterweights qn any treadle shaft of tension springs on any treadle- 50--204.200 Revolving drums and cyl inders. Every revolving barrel, drum or other prevent the press from tripping- until the shaft lever is prohibited. revolving container shall be guarded by current has been restored. (c) Latch on hand-operating lever. an enclosure which Is interlocked with (3) Electronic safety devices shall not be used on positive clutch presses where Hand-operated power presses, shall be equipped with a spring latch on the op the driving mechanism, so that the barrel or drum cannot revolve unless the the ram continues for a complete stroke erating lever to prevent accidental or guard enclosure is in place. after each tripping of the press. premature tripping. 50-204.201 Fans. _(h) Sweep guards. (1) Sweep guards may be provided with either single or double sweep arms. The sweep arm, or arms, shall be connected to the ram in suCh a way as to forcibly sweep the (d) Interlocking device. Each handoperated power press, if tended by more than one person at one time shall con form to the requirements of section 50204.195(e) (1) and (3). When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than 7 feet above the floor or working level the blades shall be guarded. " hands of the operator from the die zone (e) Single-stroke attachments. On Woodworking Machinery as the ram or plunger descends and be fore there is danger of injury. positive-type clutch presses a single stroke attachment shall be provided, by 50-204.208 Circular table saws. (2) Sweep guards shall bc'so designed which the treadle or operating lever is (a) Guards. Each circular saw shall and operated that the operator cannot disconnected after each stroke. be guarded by a hood which shall com Wednesday, December 28, _ jO FEDERAL REGISTER r 13821 pletely enclose that portion of the saw from flying splinters, broken saw teeth, zontal head shall be equipped with a above the table and shall be arranged so etc., and will deflect sawdust away from cylindrical cutting head, the knife pro that the hood will automatically adjust the operator. The sides of the lower jection of which shall not exceed Vs Inch itself to the thickness of. and remain in exposed portion of the blade shall be beyond the cylindrical body of the head. contact with, the material being cut. guarded to the full diameter of the blade . (2) The clearance between the edge Where there Is a possibility of contact by a device that will automatically ad of the rear table and the cutter head with a portion of a circular saw beneath just itself to the thickness of the stock shall be' not more than % inch. The or behind the saw table, that portion and remain In contact with stock being table throat opening shall be not more shall be covered with a guard to prevent cut to give maximum protection possible than 2 16 inches when tables are set or accidental contact with the saw. for the operation being performed. aligned with each other for zero cut (b) Spreaders. Each circular ripsaw (b) Spreaders. When radial saws are (b) Automatic guards. (1) Each shall be. furnished with a spreader to used for ripping, a spreader shall be pro hand-fed jointer with a horizontal prevent material from squeezing the saw vided meeting tbe requirements ex cutting head sfiall have an automatic or being thrown back on the operator. pressed in section 50-204208(b). guard which will cover all the section A spreader need not be used for work (c) Non-kickback fingers or dogs. of the head on the working side of the which Is restricted to grooving, dadoing, Each radial saw used for ripping shall fence or gage. The guard shall keep or rabbeting. be provided with non-kickback fingers or the operator's hand from coming In con <c) Non-ldckback fingers or dogs. dogs located on both sides of tbe saw tact with the revolving knives. The Each circular ripsaw shall be provided so as to oppose the thrust or tendency of guard shall automatically adjust Itself to with non-kickback fingers or dogs so the saw to pick up the material or to cover the unused portion of the head located as to oppose the thrust or tend throw It back toward, the operator. and remain in contact with the material ency of the saw to pick up the material (d> Adjustable stops and return de at all times. or to throw it back toward the operator. vices. An adjustable stop shall be pro (2) Each hand-fed jointer with hori 50-204.209 saws. Swing and sliding cut-off vided to prevent the forward travel of the blade beyond the position necessary to complete the cut in repetitive operations. zontal cutting head shall have a guard which will cover the section of the head back of the gage or fence. The requirements expressed in this section apply to all swing cut-off saws 50-204.212 Portable circular saws. (3) Each wood jointer with vertical head shall have either an exhaust hood and to those sliding cut-off saws which All portable power-driven saws shall or other guard so arranged as to enclose are mounted above the table. be equipped with guards above and below completely the revolving head, except for (a) Hood. Each of the saws to which the base plate or shoe. The upper guard a slot of such width as may be necesssary this section applies shall be provided shall cover the saw to the depth of the and convenient for the application of with a hood that shall completely en teeth, except for the arc required to material to be Jointed. close the upper half of the saw, the arbor end, and the point of operation at all positions of the saw. The hood shall permit the base to be tilted. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc 50-204.215 Wood shapers, band-fed panel raisers, and similar machines. be constructed in such a manner and of required to allow proper retraction and (a) The cutting heads of each wood such material that It will protect the contact with the work. When the tool shaper, hand-fed panel raiser, or other operator from flying splinters and broken is withdrawn from the work, the lower similar machine not automatically fed, saw teeth. It shall be designed so that guard shall automatically and instantly shall be enclosed with a cage or adjust it will automatically cover the lower por return to covering position. able guard designed to keep the opera tion of the blade, so that when the saw is returned to the back of the table the hood will rise on top of the fence, and when the saw is moved forward the hood 50-204.213 Band saws and band re saws. <a) Enclosing band-saw blades. All tor's hands away from the cutting edge. The diameter of circular shaper guards shall be not less than the greatest di ameter of the cutter. In no case shall will drop on top of and remain In con portions of the saw blade shall be en a warning device of leather or other tact with the table or material being closed or guarded, except for the work material attached to the spindle be cut. ing portion of the blade between the bot acceptable. (b) Counterweights. Each of the tom of the guide rolls and the table. (b) Cylindrical heads shall be used saws to which this section applies shall Band-saw wheels shall be fully encased. whenever the nature of the work will be provided with an effective device to The outside periphery of the enclosure permit. return the saw automatically to the back shall be solid. Hie front and back of (c) All double-spindle shapers shall of the table when released at any point the band wheels shall be either enclosed be provided with a starting and stopping in its travel. (c) Limit stops. Limit chains or other equally effective devices shall be provided to prevent the saw from swinging beyond the front or back edges of the table. (d) Latches. A latch or equivalent device shall be provided to prevent the saw from rebounding upon its return to the rear of the table. . 50-204.210 Inverted swing cut-off saws (jump aaws). . Inverted swing-cut-off saws shall be by solid material or by wire mesh,or perforated metal. Such mesh or per forated metal shall be not less than 0.037 inch (UJS. Gauge No. 20), and the open ings shall be not greater than % Inch. Solid material used for this purpose shall be of an equivalent strength and firm ness. The guard for the portion of the blade between the sliding guide and the upper-saw-wheel guard shall protecc the operator from the saw blade at the front and outer side. Brakes shall be pro vided to stop the wheel in case of blade device for each spindle. 50-204.216 Planing, molding, sticking and matching machines. (a) Each planing, molding, sticking, and matching machine shall have all cutting heads, and saws If used, covered by a metal guard. If such guard Is con structed of sheet metal, the material used shall be not less than Ms Inch In thick ness; and, if cast iron Is used. It shall be not less than Ms inch in thickness. <b) Where an exhaust system Is used, provided with a hood that will cover the breakage. ' the guards shall form part or all of the part of the saw that protrudes above the (b) Tension. Each band-saw ma exhaust hood and shall be constructed top of the table or above the material being cut. It shall automatically adjust Itself to the thickness of, and remain in contact with, the material being cut. chine shall be provided with a tension control device to indicate a proper ten sion tor the standard saws used on the machine. of metal of a thickness not less than that specified In paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Feed rolls shall be guarded by a hood or suitable guard to prevent the g 50--204,211 Radial saws. (c) Feed rolls. Feed rolls of band re hands of the operator from coming In saws shall be protected with a guard to contact with the ln-running rolls at any (a) Hoods and. guards. The upper prevent the hands of the operator from point. The guard shall be fastened to hood shall completely enclose the upper coming In contact with the in-running tbe frame carrying the rolls so as to re portion of the blade down to a point rolls at any point. main in adjustment for any thickness of that will Include the end of the saw arbor. The upper hood shall be con 50-204.214 Jointera. stock. " (d) Surfaoers or planers used In proc structed In such a manner and of such (a) Point of operation. (1) Each essing multiple pieces of material simul material that It will protect the operator hand-fed planer and jointer with hori taneously shall be provided with sec- 13822 RULES AND REGULATIONS tional infeed rolls having sufficient yield 50-204.232 Tools and other materials. (c) Covered receptacles Ehall be kept In the construction of the sections to provide feeding contact pressure on the stock, over the permissible range of variation in stock thickness specified or Tools, materials, or debris shaD not be strewn about in a manner which may cause tripping or other hazards. in all toilet rooms used by women. , 50--204.242 Construction of toilet rooms. for which the machine Is designed. In 50--204.253 Receptacles for waste dis (a) Each toilet facility (closet) shall lieu of such yielding sectional rolls, suit posal. occupy a separate compartment, able section kickback finger devices shall Any receptacle used for decaying solid equipped with a door, latch, and clothes t>e provided at the Infeed end. or liquid waste or refuse shall be so con hook. 50-204.217 Sanding machines. structed that It does not leak and may be (b) The walls of compartments or conveniently and thoroughly cleaned, partitions between fixtures may be less (a) Feed rolls. Feed rolls of self-feed and it shall be maintained In a sanitary than the height of room walls, but the sanding machines shall be protected with condition. Such a receptacle shall be top shall not be less than six feet from a semi-cylindrical guard to prevent the equipped with a tight-fitting cover. the floor and the bottom not more than hands of the operator from coming In contact with the in-running rolls at any point The guard shall be constructed 50-204.234 moval. Sweeping and refuse re one foot from the floor. <c) The door to every toilet room shall be fitted with an effective self-closing of heavy material firmly secured to the All sweepings, solid or liquid waste, device, and the entrance to the toilet frame carrying the rolls so as to remain refuse, and garbage shall be removed in rooms shall be so screened that the In In adjustment for any thickness of stock. such a manner as to avoid creating a terior of the toilet room Is not visible The bottom of the guard shall come down to within % inch of a plane formed by the bottom or contact face of the feed roll, where it touches the stock. <b) Drum funding machines. Each drum sanding machine shall have an exhaust hood, or other guard, arranged to enclose the revolving drum, except for that portion of the drum above the table, nuisance or menace to health and as often as necessary to maintain the place of employment in a sanitary condition. Toilet Facilities and Wasb Rooms 50-204.239 Separate toilet for each Gex. Every place of employment shall be provided with adequate toilet facilities from the workroom. (d) The floors, walls, ceilings, parti tions, and doors of all toilet rooms shall be of a finish that can be easily cleaned. (e) Toilet rooms, except those in work places accessible to men only, shall be completely enclosed with solid material that Is nontransparent from the outside. If a table Is used. which are separate for each sex. <c) Disk sanding machines. Each 50--204.243 Chemical closets and priviea. disk sanding machine shall .have the exhaust hood, or other guard if no ex haust system Is required, arranged to enclose the revolving disk, except for that portion of the disk above the table, if a table Is used. 50-204340 Location, Toilet facilities shall be provided so as to be readily accessible to alh employees. Toilet facilities so located that employees must use more than one floor-to-floor flight of stairs are not considered as When chemical closets or privies are permitted by local law they shafl be of a type approved by the health authorities having jurisdiction and shall be main tained In a sanitary condition. (d) Belt sanding machines. Belt readily accessible. 50-204.244 Washing facilities. sanding machines shall be provided with guards at each nip point where the sand ing belt runs on to a pulley. The unused run of the sanding belt shall be guarded against accidental contact. Housekeeping S 50-204.229 General. All phases of employment, passage ways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept dean and orderly and In a sanitary condition. 850-204330 Floors. (a) Floors of every workroom shall be maintained In a dean, and, so far as pos sible. a dry condition. Where wet proc esses are used, drainage shall be main 50--204.241 Water closet*. Water closets, or chemical closets or privies where permitted by local law, shall be provided for each sex and shall be In accordance with the following table. The number to be provided for each sex shall In every case be based on the maximum number of persons of that sex employed at any one time at work on the premises for which the facilities are furnished. When persons other than employees are permitted the use of toilet facilities on the premises, a reasonable allowance shall be made for such other persons in computing the minimum number of toilet facilities required. (a) Minimum Adequate facilities for maintaining personal cleanliness shall be provided in every place of employment. These shall be convenient for the employees for whom they are provided and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. (a) At least one lavatory (wash'basln) with adequate hot and cold water, shall be provided for every 20 employees (men or women) or portion thereof, up to 100 persons, and one lavatory (wash basin) for each additional 25 persons or portion thereof. Twenty-four inches of sink with individual faucet shall be considered as equal to one lavatory. In all in stances, a suitable cleansing agent shall be provided at each wash place. ` (b) Where employees are exposed to tained, and false floors, platforms, mats, number of akin contamination by poisonous. Infec or other dry standing plaoes should be Number of persons facilities tious, or Irritating material, one lavatory provided where practicable. (b> Cleaning and sweeping shall be done in such a manner as to minimis* the contamination of the air with dust and, so far as Is practicable, should be i tbe i 10 to 34 30 to 40_____________________________ 60 to 74..............-.................................... 78 to 100......................... Over 100-- supplied with hot and cold water, shall 3 8 4 be provided for every & employees. (c) One shower bath with ample sup 6 ply of hot and cold water from one () fixture shall be supplied for every 15 done outside of working hours. (c) Every floor, working place, and * 1 for each additional SO persona. workers, or portion thereof, exposed to excessive heat or to skin contamination passageway shall be kept free from pro Where 10 or more are employed, one by poisonous. Infectious, or Irritating truding nails, splinters, holes, or loose water closet less than the number speci material. boards. fied In the foregoing may be provided for (d) Individual hand towels, or sections 8 50-204.231 Flammable materials. Oily rags, oily waste, waste paper and other flammable and combustible mate rial shall be stored In tightly closed metal containers. Magneniiim and other flam men for each urinal, except that the number of water closets In such cases may not be reduced to lees than twothirds of the number specified In the foregoing. Two feet of trough urinal shall be considered as equivalent to one thereof, of cloth or paper, or mechanical apparatus for drying the bands, shall be provided. Proper receptacles or other sanitary means shall be maintained for the disposal of used towels. Towels for mable metal scraps shall not be mixed Individual urlnaL common use shall not be provided. with other scrap. All flammable scrap (b) An adequate supply of toilet paper (e) Adequate washing facilities shall material of any kind shall be removed with holder shall be provided for every be provided In every toilet room or ad from the work areas dally. water closet. jacent thereto. Wednesday, December 2S, is60 FEDERAL REGISTER J 13823 50-204.245 Change rooms. water the construction of the container furnace tending, and irradiation with Separate change or dressing rooms shall be provided tor each sex wher ever it is the practice to change from street clothes or wherever it Is necessary to change because the work performed involves exposure to excessive dirt. heat, fumes, vapor, or moisture. Where change rooms are not provided, facili ties shall be furnished for hanging outer garments: (a) Where employees work clothes are exposed to contamination by poisonous, infectious, or irritating material, facili ties shall be provided in change rooms so that street and work clothes will not be stored in contact with each other. (b) Where the process In which the worker is engaged is such that his work ing clothes become wet or have to be washed between shifts, provision shall be made to insure that such clothing is dry before re-use. shall be such that the Ice does not come in direct contact with the water. (c) Open containers such as barrels, palls, or tanks for drinking water from which the water must be dipped or poured, whether or not they are lltted with a cover, shall not be allowed. (d) The common drinking cup Is prohibited. (e) Where single service cups are sup plied, a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided. 50-204.259 Non-potable water. Outlets for non-potable water, such as water for Industrial or fire-fighting purposes only, shall be posted to Indicate that the water is unsafe and Is not to be used for drinking,,washing, or cooking purposes. ' Medical Services ultraviolet light. 6 50--204.270 First-aid for chemical burns. Where workers' eyes may be exposed to Injurious chemical materials such as acids, caustics, etc., suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes shall be provided within the workroom, for immediate emergency use. Environmental Conditions 50-204.275 Toxic g a s, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists. No employee shall be exposed to any of the gases, vapors, mists, dusts, or fumes on the list In section 50-204.276 which exceed the limits there stated when ap plied to him on an average basis for an eight hour workday, unless he Is pro tected therefrom by respiration equip ment approved for the purpose by the 50--204.246 Retiring rooms for women. Where 10 or more women are employed at any one time, at least one retiring room shall be provided. (a) Where less than 10 women are employed and a retiring room is not fur nished, some equivalent space shall be provided which can be properly screened for privacy and made suitable for the use of women employees. (b) At least one couch or bed shall be provided In every place where women are 50--204.264 Medical services. (a) The employer shall assure the ready availability of qualified medical personnel for advice and consultation on plant health problems, for emergency medical services, and for the supervision of first-aid attendants. (b) In the absence of an Infirmary, a person trained to render first aid and a kit containing the following items shall be available at every - place of employment. United States Bureau of Mines of the United* States Department of the In terior and operated in accordance with the recommendations of Its manufac turer. Exposures without such equip ment which exceed such limits tempo rarily; without exceeding them on a daily average basis, or which Involve- more than .one such toxic substance, regard less of the degree of Its concentration, are also hazardous unless they are undertaken in strict conformity with prior written approval of a qualified In employed. The number of such beds or couches required shall be as follows: Beds 1 to 100..................... ........................ 1 lootoaso..................................... . 2 1 additional bed for each additional 250 women employees. A minimum of 60 square feet per bed shall be provided. Lunch Rooms and Food Handling g 50--204.251 Location. 1 Adhesive Plaster V4" x 6 yd. Boll. 1 Adhesive Plaster. 1 x 6 yd. Boll. 2 Absorbent Cotton, 2-ounce packages. 1 Absorbent Cause, I yd. l Actlvol Soap, 2-ounce bottle. 100 Adhesive Bandages, 1". 1 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia. 2-ounce bottle. 1 Boric Acid Solution, 2-ounce bottle. 1 Castor OU, 2-ounce bottle. ' 12 Compress Bandages. 2". 4 Compress Bandages, 4". 12 Cotton Wound Applicators. dustrial hygienist who has studied the particular circumstances of exposure and the toxic substances and concentra tions involved. 50--204,276 Threshold limit values. Oases and vapors--Substance Parts per million parts of sir by volume Milligrams per coble meter ofair In all places of employment where em ployees lunch on the premises, an ade quate space suitable for that purpose shall be provided for the maximum num ber of employees who may use such space at one time. Such space shall be sepa rate from any location where there Is ex posure to toxic materials. g 50-204.252 Waste food disposal. A covered receptacle shall be provided and shall be used by employees for the disposal of all waste food. ' 50--204.253 Presence of toxic mate rials. No employee shail be permitted to store or eat any part of his lunch or other food at any time where there are present any toxic material or other sub stance that may be injurious to health. Drinking Water 50-204.258 Potable water. (a) An adequate supply of potable water, approved as to source and dis tribution by appropriate authority, 6hall be provided for drinking, washing and cooking purposes in all places of employment. (b) In all Instances where water Is cooled by ice made from non-potable 1 Eye Cup. 1 Eye Dropper. 6 Finger Cots. 6 Follle for Burns. Vi oz. tubes. 1 Follle for Burns, 2-ounce bottle. 6 Gauze Roller Bandages 1" x 6 yds. 6 Gauze Roller Bandages 2" x 6 yds. 6 Gauze Boiler Bandages 3" x 6 yds. 10 Gauze Sterilized. 12" x 18". 1 Merthlolate, Tincture. 2-ounce bottle. 1 Medicine Glass. 1 Manual First Aid Instruction. 1 Scissors Pair 4" Bandage. 1 Tweezers Pair 8%" 12 Safety Pins. 1 Spoon. 1 Tourniquet. 2 Triangular Bandages 40" 6 Wood Splints for Fractures. 12 Wood Tongue Depressors. Eye Protection 50-204.269 General requirement. Eye protection shall be provided where persons are exposed to any hazard which may cause injury to the eyes from the following operations: chipping, calking, coarse grinding, riveting, sledging, seal* ing. light grinding, stone dressing, spot welding, woodworking, metal-working, babbitting, casting, dipping in hot metal baths, handling of acids and caustics, electric arc welding, oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen welding and cutting, Acetaldehyde___ Acetic add..*___ Acetic anhydride. Acetone..... ......... Acrolein.............. Acrylonitrile........................... AUyl aloobol..................... -- AUyl chloride.f................... AUyl propyl disulfide....... . -Ammonia.................... . Amyl acetate............;..... Amyl alcohol (isoamyl al cohol)___................... Aniline.........................--... Arsine............................... -- Benzene (benzol)_____ ....... Benzyl chloride............... . Bromine..__________ _ Butadiene (l^-bnt&dlene)___ Butanone (methyl ethyl ke tone).................................... Butyl acetate fa-butyl ace tate)..................................... Butyl aloobol.......................... Butylamlne............................ Butyl cellosolve (2-butory* ethanol)............................... Carbon dioxide............... . Carbon disulfide............. . Carbon monoxide............. v.. Carbon tetrachloride.............. Ccllosolve (2-etborycthaool).. Cellosolve acetate (2-ethoxy- ethyl acetate)...................... Chlorine................................. Chlorine trifiuorlde................ CtUorobeniene (monochloro- beutene................................ Chloroform (tricbloromethane) !*Chloro*l-nitropropane,------Chloroplcrin..................---- Chloroprene(2-chloro-l,3*bu- tadlene)........ ........ -.......... Cresol (all isomers)................. Cyclohexane................... .... Cyclohexanol......................-- 200 1f0t 1.000.6 205 8 2 100 200 10f0t .0ft 2f1t 1 1,000 2S0 200 10f0t 50 5,000 20 100 2ft 200 100 76 12000 1 256 410000 360 26 20 2,400 1.2 49 12 1ft 12 70 1,050 160 10 .2 8f0t T 2,200 740 060 300 15 240 0,000 60 110 160 740 640 3 360 490 100 7 00 22 1,400 410 13824 4 RULES AND REGULATIONS 4 Gjk3 and vs|*ors--Substanca Porta pr million ports Of air bp Tolumo MUHgnmu pareable motor of ob C yctohaxanoa*--...................... .. Cydobaxaoa...------- -------- - 100 400 400 1,550 Cyclopropane......................... 400 600 DocamnuM..... ........................ .05 .3 Placetono alcohol (o-bydroxy- t-mttbyl-2-peotanoat)--------- fiO 240 Titbonne......... ............ -............... O-DIchlorobenteiie............... ....... .1 so .1 500 nirhlorodlfluorometbono-------- 1,000 4.450 1.1-Dlrhtoroetbane...................... 100 400 1.2-l>lchk>roetbane (etbylono dlrhlortde)............ ............. -- too 400 1.2-Dlchloroelbylene.................. 200 79rt PlehloroeUiyl ether..... ..... ......... 13 TTlcbloromonoftuorometbane.. 1.000 00 4,2no 1.1-Dlchloro-Miltroethano------- to 60 Dlehlorotetnfluoroethaoe-----Dlathylaralns................................ rMSuorodllirotnomethane_____ 1.000 25 100 7,000 75 SuO lhlsobutyl ketone................... so 290 DlmotbyknUlne (N-dlmethylaniline)___ -----........... --- Dlroettiylsalfate...... ............... 5* ii 25 5 Dtoxane (dlethylene dioxide).. 100 360 Ethyl acetate.......................... Ethyl acrylate......................... Etbyi alcohol (ethanol)--------- 400 25 1,000 1,400 100 1,000 Ethyls mine....... ...................... Ethylbentene.......................... 25 200 45 870 Ethyl bromide........................ Ethyl chloride........................ Ethyl ether.............................. Ethyl formate-....................... Ethyldllcste........................... Ethylene ehlorohydrln............ 200 l.OUO 400 100 100 5 830 2.600 1,200 300 850 16 Ethylonedlamlne----- ------ .... 10 30 Ethylene dlbromlde (1,2-dl- bromoethone)------------------- 25 190 Ethylene lmlne......... ............ 5 V Ethylene oxide----fluorine...-------Fluorotrtchkjromethane.......... 90 .1 1,000 90 .2 5,600 Formaldehyde------ ......... ....... s 6 vurtiiral__________ ________ Gasoline............ -.............. -- Heptane (n-beptane)------------ 5 &00 500 20 2,000 1,000 1 lexane (n-bexane)--------------- 500 1,800 ] loxanone (methyl butyl ketone)................. -............. too 410 Hexone (methyl Isobutyl ketone)................................ TTydraxIne......... ..................... Hydrogen bromide................. 100 1 5 410 1.3 17 nydrogen chloride.............. 5 7 Hydrogen cyanide................. 10 11 Hydrogen fluoride-------- ------ 3 2 Hydrogen peroxide, 40%....... . 1 1.4 Hydrogen aelenlde,.......... -- .05 .2 Hydrogen stllllde----------------Iodine_____________ -.......... Ixophorone Isopropylamine. ............ ........ .20 .1 25 5 30 1 140 12 Mesityl oxide............. ......... 25 100 Methyl soetate. 200 610 Methyl acetylene-- 1,000 1,650 Methyl acrylate____ ______ Methyl eleobol (methanol)----Methyl hromtde..................... 10 200 20 55 260 80 Methyl cellosolve (2-methoxyethanol)------------------- Methyl cellosolve acetate 25 i (ethylene glyeol mono methyl ether acetate)------Methyl chloride--............... . 25 100 120 210 Methyls! (dlmetboxymetbons)......... ....................... 1,000 3,100 Methyl chloroform 0,1,1- trlcnioroethane)-------- ------ 500 2.700 Methylcyclobexane------ ,------ 600 2,000 Metbyloyelohexanol............. 100 470 MethyUrodohexonone.. 100 460 Methyl formate.. 100 250 Methyl Isobutyl carbtnol (Methyl amyl alcohol)........ 25 loo Methylstyrene...................... 100 480 Methylene chloride (dichloro- 500 1,750 Mosometbyl aniline.............. 2 9 Naphtha (ooal tar)................ 200 800 Naphtha (petroleum)............ 500 2,000 Nickel carbonyl..................... .00 1 .( Nitric add............................. . A 25 p-XItroanlline........................ 1 6 Nitrobenzene......................... 1 5 Xttroethane........................... 100 310 Nitrogen dioxide---------------- 5 9 Nllroglycerin......................... .5 5 Nitromethane 100 250 3-Nitropropane--.................. 50 180 Mlrotoluene........................ Oi-une...... ............................ Or^zroondei-c-h--l-o-r-o-b--e-n--z-e--n-e------------------------ 6 MO .1 75 30 2,550 450 I-entail*................................. . Pcuunone (methyl propyl ketone)....................................... 1,000 vou 1 2,550 1 7TO Oases and vapors--Substance Parts per pltlHfWl ports of Air by Milligram' per cubic meter of olr TOXIC DUSTS. FUMES, AND MISTS--Con. Milligrams per cubic Substance meter of r.ir rolaxns Magnesium oxide fume15 Malathlon (O.)-dimethyl dlthlopbos- PerchktreLhyleoe (tetrochloroelhylene).............................. Phenol..................................... Pheaylbydraiine_______ ____ Phosgene (carbonyl chloride).. Phosphine............ . Phosphorus bichloride........ Propyl acetate...................... Propel alcohol (Isopropyloico- 200 5 5 1 .05 .5 200 400 1,3.V> 19 22 4 .07 3 840 980 phate of diethyl raereaptosucclnate)15 Manganese 6 Mercury . 1 Mercury (organic compounds)______ .01 Methoxychlor (2,3-dt-p-methoxyphenyl-1,1,1-trlchloroethane)IS Molybdenum: Propyl ether (Isopropyl ether). 500 2,100 soluble compounds 5 Propylene dlchlorloe cbloropropane)^^.----------- - Propylene lmlne................... Propylene oxide...... ............... Pyndlne.................................. Qulnone............... ................... Btiblne.-................................ Stoddard solvent... ................. Styrene monomer (pbenyleth* 75 25 100 10 .1 .1 500 350 60 240 30 .4 .5 2,*900 Insoluble compounds15 Nicotine . 5 Paratblon (O.O-dlethyl O-p-nltro- phcnyl thlophoepbate)___________ Pentachloronaphthalene____________ Pentachlorophenol___ ______________ Phosphorus (yellow) .1 .1 .5 .6 ylene).....~......... ................ Sulfur dioxide.......................... Sulfur hexafluoride................. Sulfur monochloride............... Sulfur pcntafluorlde................ Tertiary butyl alcohol............. p-Tci Uarybutyltoluenc........... 1.1,2,2-Tetrachloroetbane........ Tetrahydrofuren..................... Tvtran It romethanc.................. Toluene (toluol)...................... o-Toluldlne.................. Trichloroethylene.................... Triethylomine..................... Trtfluororoonohromonielhaue. Turpentine.............................. Vinyl chloride (cbloroeth* ylene).................................. Vinyl tolwre.......................... Xylene (xylol)....... ................. Xylldtue.................................. 100 5 J.flfiO 1 .025 1(X> 10 A 20 200 5 200 25 1,000 100 500 100 20 5 420 13 6.000 0 .25 3Un td> 35 590 8 750 22 1,050 100 6,100 560 1,300 480 870 25 Phosphorus pentachlorlde 1 Phosphorus pentasulflde____________ Picric acid . 1 Pyrethrum 2 Hotenone 5 Selenium compounds (as Se)________ Sodium hydroxide 2 Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)________ Strychnine . 15 Sulfuric acid 1 TEDP (tetraethyl dithlonopyTophos- phate) .2 TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate)___ Tellurium . 1 Tetryl' (2,4,6-trlnltrophenylmethyl- nltramlne)1.____________________ Thlram (tetramethyl thtnrom di 1 .1 .1 .05 1. 6 sulfide) 6 TOXIC DUSTS, FUMES, AND MISTS Thallium (soluble compounds)______ . 1 Milligrams per cubic Substance meter of air Aldrln (1.2.3,4.10.10-hcxach]oro-1.4.4a. 5,8,8a-hexahyilro-l,4,5,8-dlmethano- naphthalene) 0.25 Aminats (ammonium sulfamate)16 Antimony 6 ANTU (alpha naphthyl thiourea)----- .8 Arsenic _....--------------------------- ------- 5 Barium 6 Beryllium................................................. 2ym3 Cadmium oxide fume 1 Titanium dioxide....-15 TMchloronaphthalene 5 Trinitrotoluene 1.6 Uranium: soluble compounds . 05 Insoluble compounds_____________ Vanadium: V,0, dust_________________ ______ V,Of fume------------------------------------ Warfarin (S-[acetonylbenzyl]-4-hydroxyooumarln)__________________ Zinc oxide fumes15 Zirconium compounds (as Zr)_________ .25 .8 .1 .5 8 Calcium arsenate----------------------------- . 1 Mineral Dusts Chlordane (1.2.4.6.C.7.8,8-octacUloro8a,4.7,7a-tetrahy<lro-4,7-methanoln_ dane) 2 Chlorinated camphene, 60%--------------- 6 Chlorinated diphenyl oxide--------------- . S Chlorodtphenyl (43% chlorine)----- - 1 Chlorodlphency (84% chlorine)_____ .8 Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO.)....................................................... I Crag herbicide (sodium 2-(sodium 2- (3',4-dlchlorophenoxy] ethanol hy drogen sulfate)-- 18 Cyanide (as CN) 5 2.4-D(2.4-dlchlorophenocyacet!c acid). 10 DDT (2,2-bLs (p-chlorophenyl)-l.l.l- trlchloroethane)____________ _____ 1 Millions of particles per 'cubio meter of air Aluminum oxide................ _............. 80 Asbestos___________________ & Dust (nuisance, no ires silica)_______ 80 Mica (below 6% free silica)__________ 20 Portland cement___________________ 50 Silica: High (above 60% free 810,)_______ S Medium (8 to 80% free BH\)_____ 20 Dow (below 6% free 810,).....____ 80 Silicon carbide 60 Soapstone (below 8% free BIC^)_____ 20 Tale............................................. 20 Dleldrln (1.2,S.4.l040-hexachIoro-6.7epoxy-l,4,4a.5,fl,7.8,8a-octahydro-l,4. Ventilation 6^-dlmethanonaphthalene)_______ .25 50-204.288 Cenerul ventilation, and Dlnltrobenzene 1 temperature requirements. Dlnltrotoluene__ 1.6 Dlnltro-o-cresol . 2 EPN (O-ethyl O-p-nltrophenyl thlono- benzenephoephonate)_______________ Ferbaxn (ferric dimethyl dlthlocorba- (a) Outside air shall be provided to all workrooms at the rate of 15 cubic feet .6 per minute per person, or one and onehalf air changes per hour, whichever Is mate)15 greater. In most Instances, leakage Perrovanadlum dust 1 through walls, doors, and windows will Fluoride 2.6 Hydroqulnone 2 Don oxide fume 15 Dead........ ............................. .................... Dead arsenate.._______ ________________ Dlndane (hexachloTocyclohexane. gam ma Isomer) .6 produce at least one and one-half air changes per hour. .2 . 16 (b) A minimum air temperature of 60* F. should be maintained at ail work rooms where work of a strenuous nature is performed, and a minimum air tem- Wednesday, December 28, It,.. FEDERAL REGISTER r, .. 1382.'. perature of 65* F. should be maintained in all other workrooms unless prohibited by process requirements. 50-204.289 Loral exliau$l ventilation. <a) Every local exhaust ventilation system shall produce and maintain a movement of air toward the opening, sufficient to prevent escape of contami nant to the workroom during working hours, beyond the limits shown in sec tion 50-204.276. . (b) Air flow through branch and main ducts shall be sufficient to trans portthe contaminant through the system without settling. (c) Piping shall be located so as to be accessible for inspection and maintenance. (d) Air flow equipment including hoods, pipes, fans, motors, and collectors shall be effectively grounded. (e) Two or more operations Involving more than one substance shall not be permitted to be connected to the same exhaust system when a combination of the substances removed may constitute a flre hazard, an explosion hazard, or otherwise dangerous mixture. Cf) Those processes or operations using or generating flammable dusts, gases, fumes, vapors, mists, fibers or other Impurities shall be completely pro tected from all sources of Ignition. (g) The capacity of an exhaust system shall be calculated on the basis of all hoods, booths, and enclosures connected to the system being open, except where the system is so Interlocked that only a portion of it can be operated at a given time. In which case the capacity should be calculated on the basis that all the hoods In the group requiring the great est volume rate of exhaust are open. <h> Suitable air Inlets shall be pro vided for replacement of exhausted air. (1) Exhaust systems handling dusts and discharging to the outer air shall be provided with suitable air-cleanlng de vices to remove air contaminants prior to the discharge to the outer air, except under unusual circumstances. <]) The discharge from any exhaust system shall be such that no air contam ination therefrom will enter any window, door, or other opening of any work space In quantities sufficient to create a health hazard to such space or create a nuisance to surrounding areas. (k) Collected materials shall be re moved at intervals frequent enough to Insure that the exhaust system will meet the requirements of section 50-204.288 (a), at all times. Noise 50-204.293 Noise. Noise shall be reasonably reduced or eliminated as a means of preventing fa tigue or accidents. Personal Protective Equipment 50--204.298 Personal protective equip ment. Personal protective equipment or pro tective shields or barriers shall be pro vided and maintained In usable condi tion whenever substances,^radiation, or mechanical irritants are encountered In a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in function of any part of the body through-skin or mucous mem brane absorption. Bituminous Coal and Lignite Mines 50--204.300 Federal Mine Safety Code. The Federal Mine Safety Code for Bi tuminous Coal and Lignite Mines of the United States, Part I--Underground Mines, and Part n--Strip Mines, as pub lished by the Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Interior is hereby adopted by reference as the safety and health standard required for observance in the bituminous coal and lignite min ing to which section 1(e) of the WalshHealey Public Contracts Act has applica tion. Signed at Washington, D.C., this 12th day of December 1960. James P. Mitchell, Secretary of Labor. |FJt. Doc. 60-11689; Filed. Deo. 37, I960; 8:45 a.m.1 tU.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1981 O - S0001D