Document 8RmBgZ4KJZjYmEYxzkDMmEqJy

FILE NAME: Avondale (AVD) DATE: 1972 Jan 18 DOC#: AVD141 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Draft - Recommended Practices for Control of Asbestos Dust in Shipbuilding, Ship Repair & Ship Breaking - Mt. Sinai School of Medicine 00882 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR CONTROL OF ASBESTOS DUST IN SHIPBU ILDI1NG, 'SHIPREPAIR ANDI SHIPBREAKING Duncan A. Holaday, Chairman Ad-Hoc Committee Environmental Sciences Laboratory Mount Sinai School of Medicine of The City U n iv e r s it y of New York DRAFT January 18, 1972 P L A IN T IF F 'S EXH IBIT | y SBCA 5106 1 - .. ..... x  *s I . Introduction * Much of the equipment I n s t a l l e d In ships requires thermal .insulation. Because of i t s d e s ir a b le and, In some cases indispensable, propertie s, asbestos is widely used as a component of Insulating m a t e r ia ls . Applying,' remov ing or handling in sulation can produce airborne dust which contaminates the workroom a i r . Inhalation of asbestos f i bers may cause serious disease in those exposed. Many studies have found that cases of a s b e s t o s i s , lung cancer and pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma have occurred f o l lowing exposure to airborne asbestos f i b e r s . These d i s eases u s u a lly do not become manifest u n t i l many years a f t e r f i r s t exposure. ' Cases of asbestos diseases have been reported in men who are not u s u a lly considered to be asbestos workers. P i p e f i t t e r s , steamf i t t e r s , boilermakers, welders and shot b l a s t e r s , ' for example, may remove in sula tio n in the course .of thei r work. Members of these and other trades who work in the areas .where insulation is being applied or removed are p o t e n t i a l l y exposed to airborne asbestos dust. A l though these exposures are in term it te nt, they may be s i g ni f icant. Dusts other than asbestos, such as some forms of diatomaceous earth, may als o be important in producing pneumocon ioses. However, less is known o f . t h e hazard which might 1 ` , ' * . - be created by such exposures as occur in shipyard work. The general goal in a l l insulation work must be to cortduct i t in accordance with a control'program which min imizes exposures including those caused by b r i e f peak episodes. Achievement of t h is goal is p a r t i c u l a r l y necessary because of the uncertainties inherent In the present Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for asbestos which was adopt ed p r im a rily to prevent development of a s b e s to s is. Studies of the m o rta lity experience of in s u la to rs , how ever, have shown that various forms of cancer are s i g * n iflea n t occupational diseases in this trade. Therefore the only prudent course is to reduce dust exposures by a l l f e a s i b l e means. Measurements of atmospheric concen tr ation s o f asbestos fibers can be used to id entify sources of contamination and to point out d e f i c ie n c ie s in control methods. Primary relian ce for control of ex posures, however, must be placed on f a it h f u l observance of procedural rules. Although areas of r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w i l l d i f f e r from yard to yard, one responsible person, perhaps the indus t r i a l h y g i e n i s t or the safety p ro f e ss io n a l, should meet . 1 with the work superintendent and the foreman to survey the job before any work is sta rte d. The object of this survey would be: ,to determine what dust problems might be created and to >lan methods to control them. The report . > I t 11 - i` ;. 3 should be made a v a i l a b l e to the cost estimators as w e l1 as those concerned for the day-to-day work schedule. Con I t r o i s may increase costs but clean-up expenses may be re duced, and contractors should be aware of the procedures which they w i l l be required to follow. Operations which generate large amounts of dust include: 1. Rip-out of old insulation 2. Mixing asbestos mortar and dry cements ' 3. Cutting insulation material e i t h e r on s i t e or in f a b ric a tio n shops by hand or power tools 4. Blocking or hammering on block or pipe covering to seat material 5* Warehousing storage and transportation of material 6. Clean-up and waste handling. P a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t s should be made to control dust d i s persion during these operations both to reduce peak exposures and to prevent general contamination of the atmosphere of i ! the work area. \i The following sections of th is manual discuss in detail ili procedures which have been found useful in reducing atmos ; pheric contamination by insulation dusts. Those procedures have been assembled from research of our Laboratory and * from several other sources, with major contributions made by the programs developed a t the Puget Sound and Long Beach Naval Shipyards, Additional Information is given in NAVSHIP INST 5100.26: Asbestos Exposure Hazaras; Control of, of Feb. 9, 1971, which describes the U.S. Navy direc' i tiv e s for working with asbestos, 11. Control of Asbes tos-Conta in inq Dusts by Use of S u b s t i tute Materials ' Sub stitution of m ate ria ls containing reduced pro portions of asbestos or no asbestos a t a l l , is becoming more common in ship construction. Before a materia] is .s ub stituted for asbestos, ce rtain points must be c a r e f u l l y considered. From a health point of view, one must guard against that which has happened in other environmenta1 s i t uations -- where in the d esire to minimize use of a sub stance with some known hazard, an untested substance has been substituted which l a t e r turns out to be of the same or greater hazard. ' A second consideration must be: w i l l the new material ` meet engineering s p e c i f i c a t i o n s and w i l l i t perform ade quately under conditions of use. Materials containing reduced amounts of asbestos have been used in the following a p p lica tio n s : A. Fibrous glass for blanket and pad f i l l i n g Amosite blanket covered with asbestos cloth is a standard material for making valve and flange V/ I !i1 i ' j ) S i ; i pads. Substitution of the proper grade of fibrous g las s as a pad f i l l e r not only reduces asbestos dust during fab rication and1i n s t a l l a t i o n but also tends to, lessen the problems during subsequent - '! rip-out',' . Asbestos cloth which has been treated with a dust suppressant is a v a i l a b l e and i t s use should a ls o be encouraged. B. Pipe coj/ering and block with reduced asbestos content ' ' Over the years the manufacturers of calcium , si 1ic a te 1materials have been s t e a d i l y reducing the percentage of asbestos fiber in their material. Serious, consideration should be given to those products containing lower amounts of asbestos f i b e r . Several B r i t i s h firms have introduced asbestosfree calcium s i l i c a t e block and pipe covering. To date, however, th is material has not been adequately evaluated In the United States to determine how i t w i l l perform in use. Several groups are a c t i v e l y working to develop s u b st itu t e m aterials and new products may be expected. 111. -R--e-d--u-c-t--io--n---o--f----D-u--s-t---b-y---C--h-a-n--c-e-s----in---W---o-r-k---M--e-t-h--o"as" . , _ In many operations, changes in work p r a c t ic e s w i ll reduce dust dispersion very s i g n i f i c a n t l y . All of the pro- 6 cedures discussed in th is section have been u t i l i z e d and found to be e f f e c t i v e . . A. Mixing Asbestos Mortar ' This operation has u s u a l l y been done a t the jo b s i t e . While the time spent in mixing is quite short, considerable dust is produced. A tested method of control is to mix the mortar dockside in an exhaust v e n t ila te d enclosure and package the mixed mortar in covered containers for transporta tion to the job s i t e . Mortar is a v a i la b le packaged in several s i z e s of p l a s t i c bags which have a spout through which water is introduced. S u f f i c i e n t water is added to moisten the mortar; a f t e r premixing, the bag is opened and the remaining water added. The carton in which the bag is packaged serves as ' a mixing box and waste container. Either of these methods minimizes dust dispersion at the job s i t e . One commercially a v a i l a b l e package is i l l u s t r a t e d ' in Figure 1. B, Pre-cutting pipe covering and block in the f a b r i cation shop . Hand-cutting of pipe covering and block should be kept to an absolute minimum, Bend sections, pipe cover lengths and blocks should be cut in the 0 7 fab ricatio n shop on exhaust-venti lated equIpment. The procedure used at the Puget Sound Nava] Ship yard is shown in Figure 2. Cut sections are dipped in water in a 55-gallon drum and then packed in - p l a s t i c bags which are labeled to id e ntif y the lo cation where they are to be used. This procedure insures that the cut sections are s t i l l damp and r e l a t i v e l y dust-free when they are applied. Gore breakage is reduced and a l l parts of the bend are kept together. The p l a s t i c bags are also a v a i l able at the job s i t e s for use in collecting wastes. A ll blocks and pipe sections should als o be dipped before a p p lic a tio n . Puget Sound Naval Shipyard has found that th is procedure reduces dust disper sion by 50-60 per cent. C. Pre-scoring blocks Insulation blocks should not be scored at the job s i t e . Blocks which have been pre-scored by the manufacturer can be purchased, or standard blocks can be scored in the fab ricati on shop using an ex h a ust-ve ntila te d gang saw. Pre-scoring In the shops Insures good q u a lit y control of scoring depth. . D, Insulating pipe assemblies in the shop Some pipe assemblies are quite i n t r i c a t e and are troublesome to lag while In place. A s a t i s -  8 factory method of doing these jo b s , p a r t i c u l a r l y during ship repair, which is employed by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, is to remove the assembly in conveniently sized sections and transport them to' the shop. The work is enclosed in an exhaustventilated p la s t ic tent, the old insulation re moved, any necessary repair of the pipes performed and the assembled section re-lagged. Not only is dust dispersion reduced, but i t is much more con ' venient to re-lag the section in the shop than when i t is place shipboard. Any insulation which is damaged during transport and f i t t i n g is repaired a f t e r the sections are in place. Pipe sections too large to bring into the shop can be covered witn temporary exhaust-ventilated p l a s t i c enclosures and worked on outside. Hand-cutting at job s i t e s , Some hand-cutting at job s i t e s is unavoidable. However, dispersion of dusts by these operations can be minimized. Figure 3 i l l u s t r a t e s a portable down-draft table which is used by the Puget Sound Nava] Shipyard. This table has folding legs so i t ' can be c a r r i e d down companlonways and set up conven i e n t l y to the work, A small in d ustria l vacuum cle aner is the source of exhaust. Scrap is dropped Into a p l a s t i c bag and a disposable p l a s t i c drop- 3 cloth is placed on the deck under the equipment. Six mil polyvinyl chlo ride sheet is s a t i s f a c t o r y . E l e c t r o s t a t i c charge on the sheet causes the dust to adhere to i t . At the end of the s h i f t , the sheet I;s' folded up to contain the waste and placed in a p l a s t i c bag for disposal. A small down-draft table for use in cramped quarters can be constructed t / from a j>five-gal Ion can. A screen is f i t t e d over the oped top and a tube soldered to the side near the botvto m. A small in d u s tr ia l vacuum cleaner is attached to the tube. These procedures r e s t r i c t hand-cutting work to r e l a t i v e l y small areas, reduce dust dispersion and f a c i l i t a t e clea'n-up. Fabrication of Pads and Blankets . Pads for valves and machinery should be f a b r i cated in the shop whenever t h is is possible. Amo s i t e has been la rgely replaced by fibrous glass f i l l i n g with covers of asbestos cloth which has been treated with dust suppressants. Figure A i l l u s t r a t e s an e f f e c t i v e means for suppressing dust dispersion. The fibrous g las s blanket is unrolled, dampened and r e - r o lle d . This procedure insures ' that a l l the blanket w i ll be dampened. The blanket and asbestos cloth shapes are cut in the la t e ra l d raft booth. Figure 5 i l l u s t r a t e s another system 10 for dampens-ing pad material before cu ttin g. As . . t h e r e is no la t e ra l d ra ft booth in t h is shop,' a l l | . the operators wear r e s p ir a to r s . G*. Housekeeping end Clean-up Esse ntial parts of a dust control program are housekeeping and clean-up procedures. Meticu lous attention must be given to measures for re s t r i c t i n g spread of dust and larger wastes. Figure 6 again shows use of a p l a s t i c dropcloth under a!,work area and v i v i d l y i l l u s t r a t e s how much % i waste would be d is trib u te d over the general area i ; . or to lower d ecks"if one were not used. Figure 7 shows use of an in d ustria l vacuum'cleaner to c o l I . l e c t dust and small scrap. Areas should be cleaned .up at the lunch break and the end of each s h i f t . * In a l l p o ssib le instances, workmen should clean1up t h e i r own ar eas. Where work rules prohibit t h i s , . the clean-up crew should be under the directio n and J ' ' supervision of the insula tion foreman to insure that proper attention is given to t h is important subject. ' }1, * 1i t . 1 iV . Reduction of Ousts by Use of Local Exhaust Vent; 1-51 ion A. V e n tila tio n of large power tools Band Saws * , Extensive use of band saws both in dockside f a b rica tio n shops and, on larger ships such as a i r c r a f t c a r r i e r s , in the vessel i t s e l f , make emissions from band saws a major source of asbestos dust. Figure 8 shows the dust cloud which is produced by use of an un-control 1ed band saw. Con trol devices for such saws have been known for years anc are r e l a t i v e l y simple. Conventional low v e l o c i t y , high volume systems using a negative pressure bag house for a i r cleaning are us u a lly more p r a c t ic a l in a fixed or portable fab ricati on shop. A c o l l a p s i b l e umbrella type hood attached to a A" or 5" f l e x i b l e hood can be positioned clo s e to the work to In crease effectiv en ess of the col lection system. Figure 9 shows use of a simple device which is very e f f e c t i v e In c o lle c t in g dust produced during cutting of large diameter pipes. Because some degree of p o r t a b i l i t y is required in a tem porary shipboard fabri cati on area, a high v e l o c i t y , low v o l ume dust c o l l e c t i o n unit is desir ab le for such use. In Figure 10, a bond saw equipped with th is system is shown in use. In Figure 11, the table top has been removed to show ' the pick-up hood and duct. The a i r mover is an industrial vacuum clean er which p u lls a i r past the saw blade at a v e lo c it y of over 10,000 feet per minute. This system is a very e f f i c i e n t dust c o l l e c t o r . Units such as t h i s can also be de signed to control dusts produced by table saws. "*rr*r- 12 8* Venti l a t ion of Hand Power Tools High v e l o c i t y , low volume c o l l e c t i o n systems control dust emissions from most small power tools adequate ly. Saber saws for cutting pipe covering and rotary saws for cutting asbestos cement board are well cont rolled with these systems. Figure 12 shows a saber saw equipped with this system in use. I t is apparent that l i t t l e dust is e s caping. Small in d u s tr ia l vacuum cle aners can be used as the source of exhaust. V- Reduction of Dust by General Exhaust Vent ilation In addition to use of dust suppression procedures, compartments and other enclosed areas w i l l require general ex haust v e n t ila tio n to prevent the gradual build-up of asbestos dust in the workroom atmosphere. The exhaust must be d i s charged to the outside a i r through an a i r clean er. I A. General Exhaust V e n tilatio n of Ship Compartments Large a i r movers (10,000 cfm or more) can be placed on the deck and large diameter trunk lin es threaded through hatches. Smaller f l e x i b l e ducts can be led from the trunk lines to the areas requiring v e n t i l a tion. Provisions must be made for admitting make-up a i r to the ve n t ila te d space in such a manner that a i r flow sweeps the compartment. The Manual of Recommended Prac t i c e s for Ve ntilation of Coating and Surface Preparation Operations which was prepared by the Shipbuilding Depart- i H men supplied with proper p ro te ctiv e equipment should ' always be used for rip-out work and i t should be i scheduled for rapid completion. VI 1. Personal Prote ctive -Equipment' In addition to dust suppression and dust control procedures, personal p ro tect ive equipment i s often necessary to reduce exposure and l i m i t the spread of contamination. The equipment described below is used in control programs. A. Protective Clothing - Protective clothing is required to prevent spread of contamination beyond work areas. One method is to issue disposable c o v e r a l ls which can be removed when leaving the work area or some time p rio r to enter ing the locker room and placed In p l a s t i c bags for d i s posal, A s a t i s f a c t o r y type of pro tectiv e donning con s i s t s of resin impregnated paper c o v e r a l l s . These are inexpensive, readily disposable, prevent spreading con tamination to laundries and elimina te p i l f e r a g e . Th e y are worn for one s h i f t , then removed and placed in p l a s t i c bags for disposal with other asbestos-containing . wastes. These co veralls provide s u f f i c i e n t protection for a l l but extreme conditions. B. Respiratory protective equipment Even i f dust suppression and dust control procedures ar e used, some oper ati ons generate so much ' 1 15 dust that i t ts impractical to maintain sa tisfa cto ry a t mospheric concentrations of asbestos f ib e rs and 'respir atory protection must be provided to the workers. A v a r i e t y of res p ira to rs are a v a i l a b l e which are s u ita b le for various s itu a tio n s involving exposure to a s b e s t o s . ' i t is emphasized that u n s a t is f a c t o r y amounts of r e s p i r able dust can be present in the a i r even though condi tions are not v i s i b l y dusty. The f i n e p a r t i c l e s which can be inhaied s e t t l e slowly and w i l l remain in the a i r for some time a f t e r dust-dispersing work has ceased and the a i r is apparently c le a r . C l a r i t y of vision is not a good in d ic a to r of the absence of resp ir able p a r t i c l e s . 1. A ir-sup p lie d Respirators Extremely dusty jobs, such as rip-out of ' old insulation where dust, concentrations are very high, require use of a ir - s u p p l ie d respirators which w i l l d e l iv e r clean, dust-'free a i r to a facepiece or hood. Two general types, are a v a i l a b l e ; a i r - l i n e and self-powered. a. A i r - l i n e res p ira to rs in which a i r is supplied to a hood, helmet or facepiece give the greatest de gree of protection. A i r i s fed to the facepiece from a compressed a i r - l i n e . The q uality of the sup p lie d a i r must meet applicable s ta te or federal reg '\ ulations. i f the source is not s p e c i f i c a l l y designed -> for breathing purposes, a temperature sensing alarm I o A must be i n s t a lle d on the compressor or a carbon < i monoxide monitoring device must be in s t a lle d in the a i r - l i n e . , ' A n ti- f re e z e compounds should not be i * -used in tjp compressor system; water vapor must - be removecT by dessicants and o i l mists be removed by a f i I t e r . ^ ' F i g u r e 13 shows an inexpensive p i a s f^' . t i c , disposable hood developed by the Puget Sound * l> 1 Naval Shipyard for s it u a t io n s where a very high degree ofjlpro te ct io n/ is required. This hood is available<commercial 1y. The a i r - l i n e should be fastened o the hood with a quick-disconnect f i t . ting. b. A i r - l i n e res p ir a to rs connected to a com. . pressed a i r supply impose lim it a tio n s on movement, ' and th is lim it ation can be troublesome. Self-pow- . ered res p ir a to rs do not impose such lim it a tio n s , but do add to the equipment which the workman must ca r ry and als o require careful maintenance. Bat t e r i e s must be recharged d a i l y , f i l t e r s replaced and other maintenance done routin ely . Workmen usu a l l y prefer these devices to a i r - l i n e r e s p i r a t o r s . ' 2. P a r t i c u la t e - fi 1terina respi rotors . There are several types of pa rti c u l a t e - f i 1t a r ing r e s p ir a to r s . Those equipped with a half-mask face piece are cons i de red -su i tab] e for use by in sula to rs. Only those approved for protection ag ainst pneumoconiosis and 17 fibrosis-producing dusts by the U.S, Bureau of Hines should be used. These devices are Recommended for pro tection in those s itu a tio n s where the atmospheric con centration of asbestos fib e rs is a t r e l a t i v e l y low l e v e l s . 'Workmen w i l l not wear r e s p ira to rs a l l of the time during which they are exposed and th is f a c t must be taken into account when r e s p ira to rs are used to re duce exposures. A ll the recommendations for r e s p i r a t o r - f i t t i n g , training of VADrkmen and maintenance, d etaile d in Z88.2-1971 -? Ie 'J ' should be followed. a . Reusable p a r t i c u l a t e - f ?1terir.a resp irato rs A variety of reusable particulate-f i ]tar ing r e s p ira to rs are a v a i l a b l e . To insure proper f i t tin g , several d if f e r e n t makes should be a v a ila b le from which the workman can s e l e c t one. No one model r e s p ira to r facepiece wi 11' fi t al 1 f a c e s . Routine maintenance is absolutely necessary to replace clogged f i l t e r s and leaking inhalation or exhalation valv es. Poorly maintained respirators produce a fa ls e sense of security. ' b. Single-use p a r t i c u l a t e - f ? 1terino resp irato rs | Operation of an adequate res p ira to r main i tenance program can.be troublesome and, i f only a few 18 men are involved, impractical. Single-use r e s p i r ators are a v a i l a b l e which are designed to be worn for no longer than one s h i f t and then discarded, inherent ly, these devices are not as rugged as a reusable re s p ira to r and no attempt should be made to use them longer than one s h i f t . As v/i th any resp ira to r, a training'program is required to in sure that they are properly f i t t e d and used. V I I I . Education and Training . No dust control program can be e f f e c t i v e unless workmen and supervisors understand the hazards associated with the jo b s, the sources of the hazards and the reasons for following recommended procedures c a r e f u l l y . Understand ing is only obtained by education of personnel and training in co rrect operating procedures and changed work p ra c tic e s . For an education and trainin g program to be successful,' both management and labor must be concerned and p a r t i c i p a t e . As with a l l s afety programs, i t is e ss e n tia l that f i r s t - l i n e supervisors be interested in and cooperate in the work. The program must be eval.uated o ccasio n all y and refresher training givcn. H . pl. The harmful e f f e c t s of neglect or improper procedures , for co ntro llin g asbqs.tos dust are not apparent for many years. \ t > * . Therefore, t is more d i f f i c u l t to convince workmen of the * : i ynry 19 nece ssity of following rules for working with insulating ma- \ t e r i a l s than i f physical hazards were involved. However, those shipyards which conduct education' and trainin g pro grams report good success. Education in hazards associated with use of insu lating m ate ria ls and instructio n in c o r r e c t work p rac tice s should be included in apprentice trainin g programs. For the time being, however, train ing and education must be done at the shipyards. This must be a continuing program and should include not only insulation workmen, but others who may o c c a s io n a ll y work with insula tion m a te r ia ls . l l. r * i ' i 20 : IX, Medical Program V Medical s u r v e i l l a n c e of the .shipyard workforce is an e s s e n t i a l part of the hygiene program. However, be cause o f the long period (years) between onset of exposure and f i r s t evidence of disease, such s u r v e i l l a n c e is an un r e l i a b l e guide to the e f f i c a c y of a control program. Ab no rm alitie s which might be found ar e evidence of the over s ig h ts and inadequacies of the p a s t, while the s u i t a b i l i t y of current p r a c t i c e would only be r e f l e c t e d in the c l i n i cal findings of even decades hence. This c o n s train t makes a l l the more necessary c a r e f u l , constant, and d i lig e n t a t tention to a l l engineering phases of the hygiene problem. On the other hand, a medical program can be of value to the workforce. Should abnormalities be found, appropriate treatment can be rapidly undertaken; in other instances, modification of work s t r e s s can be arranged. The special hazard of c i g a r e t t e smoking can be reviewed with those men who have t h i s habit (lung cancer seems not to be g re atly increased among asbestos-exposed workmen except with such smoking h i s t o r y ; they have a r i s k much greater than that of c i g a r e t t e smokers in g en eral) . A ls o , there is some e v i dence that lung scarring als o is exaggerated with smoking.. While the medical program may vary with circumstances, i t should a t le a s t include chest X-ray, blood count to elim inate anemia, pulmonary function estimation ( a simple v i t a l ca p acit y t e s t , e a s i l y and rapidly done, us u a lly s u f f i c e s ) , c l i n i c a l examination of the lungs, and a careful i* t fV1 20a review of pertin ent symptoms. . Examination once a year s u f f i c e s - f o r the younger men (with l e s s than 15 years in the tr a d e ); a f t e r t h i s point, examination every s i x months is p r e f e r a b l e , e s p e c i a l l y fo r men with a h i s t o r y of c i g a r e t t e smoking. 21 X. Waste Control Wastes must be co lle ct e d and disposed of promptly to prevent dispersion of dusts throughout the work area. Some recommendations for c o l l e c t i n g and containing wastes have been given in preceding s ec tio ns. Additional measures for handling and disposing of wastes are l i s t e d below. 1. A l l used f j l t c r . i from v e n t i l a t i n g , dust co lle c t in g or cleaning'equipment should be treated as asbestos . 2. * wastes. r Wastes should be contained in p l a s t i c bags or other impervious1containers for handling, stock p i. l i n g and/or transportation. . * yt ' ' 3. ' Wastes should not be permitted to accumulate, but t ' i . should be taken to the f in a l disposal s i t e as soon as p o ss ib le . Final disposal should be in accordance j with applicable regulations. . . \I ' k. Exposures of waste handlers should be evaluated and, ' i f indicated, they should wear r e s p ira to rs . X1. Procedures for evaluation of atmospheric concentrations of asbestos dust - A i r sampling procedures and laboratory methods for evalu ating samples should conform to "those s p e c i f i e d in U.S. Dept, of Labor regulations. C r3 I S h ip y a r d Manual Figure 1 High temperature mortar, packed jin p l a s t i c bag. Water is added to bag through spout and mortar moistened before opening. The moistened mortar is removed as required and mixing completed in shipping container. A l l wastes are placed In container and sent to disposal a t end o f s h i f t . Photo courtesy Insulatio n Industry Hygiene Program. y si ;t [ ! Figure 2 S h i p y a r d Manual % Procedure used at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for handling bend s e c tio n s . Sections are cut in f a b rica tio n shop, dipped in water and placed in p l a s t i c bag. The bag is then labelled with the j o b - s i t e description. A t Figure 3 S h i p y a r d Manual l XPortable down-draft table developed by Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for use shipboard, Ue(ht weight in d u s tr ia l vacuum cleaner used a s 'a!ir mover. Note p l a s t i c bag for scrap and dropeloth on deck. 1 . I)I . ** i * i I 1 i S h i p y a r d Manual Figure h Dampening fibrous gla ss blanket f i l l e r before cutting. Note la t e ra l d ra f t hood in which f ab rication is done. This procedure .is used a t ; Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. < i S h i p y a r d Manual Figure 5 Fab ric ation of pads a t Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Fibrous g las s f i l l e r is dampened .before cutting. As no la t e r a l d raft hood is a v a i l a b l e , a l l operators wear r e s p ir a to r s . A i ; r. i ' S h ip y a r d Manual Figure 7 I Use of small in d u s trial vacuum cleaner for clean-up. . Photo courtesy of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. S h i p y a r d Manual Figure 8 . ' . Dust produced by use of an unventilated band saw. Without the back lig hting used ' here, much of the dust would not be visible. ... . Photo courtesy Insulation Industry Hygiene . ' . Research Program. . . 1 tI i I iI II Jt S h i p y a r d Manual ! ; Figure 9 Dust c o lle c t io n system for cutting K r g e diameter pipe s e c tio n s . A i r is exha from the end of the pipe f a r t h e s t fr - the. cut. ' 1 ! l 4l 1 1t i 11 iI i. i I! I i i . j Photo courtesy Insulatio n Industry H Res'ea rch Prog ram. ~> ` . . '' v. . ' * . * . i I ' i t .1 \ S h i p y a r d Manual ft*. Figure 10' \ Cutting pipe wi th Band saw equipped with hig h - v e lo city , low-volume exhaust system. Compare dust produced with that shown in .Figure 8. . Photo courtesy Insulation industry Hygiene Research Program. ' . . i--r f f --- y - y * ly' w n . .|i r M , r w ^ ) i *1 ^ 7 ? r S h ip y a r d Manual F i g u r e 11 t Dust c o l l e c t i o n port and duct I n s t a l l e d on F o rrest band saw whose use i s shown In Figure 10. Duct connects to HoFfman in d u s tr ia l vacuum cle a n e r . . Photo courtesy In sula tio n industry Hygiene Research Program. I c} i S h ip y a r d Manual F i g u r e 12 , tv '" I Saber saw equipped wi th h ig h - v e io c ity , low-volume exhaust system. 7* 1 i r Photo courtesy Insulation Industry : ` Hygiene Research Program. i f ; prl ? ' i . i>? * D S h ip y a r d Manual ' \ Fjgure 13 A ir- s u p p lie d p l a s t i c hood developed . Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Coveral are pulled over inner bib which hold; the hood in place t i g h t l y . T h i s , or s i m i l a r equipment, is required for srcc operations as rip-out of old insulate :.r 1 tt \ J ]}! 1