Document 8RGVRygvLybZarkgkg2Zx90eo

FILE NAME: Ford (FD) DATE: 1975 July 21 DOC#: FD130 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: M eeting M inutes - Dept of Health, CDC & NIOSH i ' *b ? DEPART!tEMT OF HEARTil, EDUCATION, AMD WE!.FARE cnc, ninsn Minutes of Occupational Exposures .to Asbestos Dust From Broke Linings Meeting July 21, 1973 . Attendees See Attached Proceedings Dr. John F. Finklea, Director of 11I0S1I, welcomed the attendees, lie stated that the purposes of the meeting were (1) to consider nreliainary data on asbestos cr.nosure among brake lining workers anJ (2j to dioc-s.-. a future course of action based on this preliminary information. :/r. Finklea then turned the meeting over to Dr. Irvins Scll.-.off or ..oant Sinai for presentation of some of his work on this problem. Dr. Selikoff described the background for cur current concern. Tnc health effects of asbestos arc veil known. However, the healtn -lacari associated with asbestos in brake lir.lnC- "*til recently nan rccci/c. little attention. It was thought that the intense -.eat g e n e r a , -ro.. braking modified the asbestos and that brake U s i n g dust convince insirnifleant amounts of asbestos fibers. wr. .aine.tso _n describe asbestos-related health .effects in the manufacture;; jf asbestos for brake linings but .oparently this caused Utt-c In 1973. a ease of mesothelioma was reported in a oraxc repair woi -l. This stimulated a re-exaninneloa of the problem. I>r. Scliaotf con-.ilc^- S E 5. ot U W . "X. CcEalo cf I K d Uo Fori ; the grown at *'t. Sinai initiated'a study to ucteraine if jr.,..c i- o workers were exposed to significant levels of asbestos. Dr. Sclikoff *" introduced hr. Danger of '.it. Sinai who reviewer . conoositior. of brake linings and the breakdown products thougnt to ccc.. from heat generated luring braking. Previous cti.uieu u-d ...t demonstrate asbestos fibers in the amounts or prevalence ns -^ic..tuw -r the current studies at .It. Sinai However, recent studies at ;t. Sin donnas traced cvical ahrysotlle. ashestes fibers along vita a.uUc .a. - of other forms'of crystalline and fibrous raceri.ils. .lc J ^ the connosltion of brake linia.gu nay differ, for c::.uvle, br..^ 1- . in the E.S. and Great Dritnir. and product.' here in tuo .S. n.iy undergone nanv changes over the yours. This is nariiculni y =>P- -1"- nincc recent data show that U E of the new car market is ' these innorts. Further research io needed to characterIr.o the a...x,.t-.s 006767 PQ PRODUCED BY FORD K 2 -- been studied. " h2 r=li :i c 'nr. fMil fron :t Slant reported on studies sure-in automobile repair shops in ..ew Yorr f 5-8 minutes duration .ere ~ - c d ; *2 ^ Zin-r the OSUA cl^ acd .iCh T\E A ConorcnscJ nir. At ^ fccC L J r^=.l fton 2 ,o A nl; l'J-20 ^ a brash eoaerated less airborne asbestos, 1 fibersful in the S T RA Chao lnilc<.=l by optical v ^ o c c o p y J g * . * ^pf-call, vlclblc s72 afibccrs/ml. ^ s ^ r s s s r J S i Dr. Ceorge W n Knt porntc^ out taat cari that 1 to 37. of brake dust is fibrous asocr.tos. nr. Lorincr of Mt. Sinai reported on ^ dtcf brake repair .others with ID-h O y ^ Z Z z T i . t l r , uncCion abenmnlities. were reported .o nave ry before anv cor.coniusi ans an . Further studies need c ^ ^ ^ M o v c v e r " it .as pointed out th.it at least . health' effects can be dra .. . ` , n^in-iU'- nr.onc rato- c,of ~f r.esothcliona have beer. reported ...---- 7t` mobile_rcnair workers and this lends urgency to Cue problea. Dr. Finklea ' asked for comments and recommendations for. addressing the problem. - ` :tr. Meyers suggested that TSc" feasible nov. Indeed, tnese b c a J U a a newsletter ani ucvelopeJ shops. His - i o n alerted its nepers v*.a tt.Sje^ V s enohnsixed tnnt the posters to alert .others to tne Ptojlc-U . ' or,eracivc. plovers were employers with whon he woi wet ^^ jru=l, .in.!, .here nccc.-.snry, ^rf;j:r!y" .C " ion has'madc arranger. for continuod ^dical^cvaluation" of its members. He union represent.-,elves having access to workplaces ror sanitary practices.- . Dr. George Wright, an facturcrp tavo . products after being sold ot-wL i t problem for the manufacturer and ror Dr. Wright stressed h c l l c f U tne *? S c " a Jlffl- > industrial cast nets. t ~ uci,lld ccoscr.ito in ,sc . ,,c fiber ^ S r i S l- S r l= i . `th^t `conditions might be worse an. 006766 PQ PRODUCED BY FORD - 3- exposures hnizghuecr among sone snallcr busiinneessssecss,.. DDrr.. WWrriigghhtt ccaauuttiiooin-ceJd that the influence of fiber size should be considered and tc.uiaatt ;amnvy be made vit'.i caution. lie urged . . , -o- It. Interpreting tnc occurrence o four ncsochcliona eases, ltr, Sarruels of IUD urged that HIOSH: ` . -- Ilotify Jhe Department of Labor about this problem; -- 'lake minutes of this meeting available to nuhllc along with a suitable press release; -- Notify other involved unions; . Institute an appropriate national sampling program; -- " Institute a program of surveillance and intervention. Other unions involved include: -- United Auto Workers Teamsters -- American Federation of Government Employees -- Allied Industrial Workers ' * -- Laborera International -- _ International Assnciation of Machinists -- American Postal l.'orkers Union' -- United Rubber l.'orkers -- aJualganaled Tra'nsit' Union ' " -- Transport Workers Union of America -- United Transportation Union !r. Sanu cls of IUD urgccl that everyone bo. inforned of ezeisting, casilv applicable control nensurcs. *lr. .levers suggcsttil nay reieusc >.u control tcchnology be built upon their aabestos safocy bulletin. lr. Angelo Cefalo of IA'I dir.cusseJ the necJ to Infor:', affcctcd local s and union nenbers in an orderly fashion, :r. Ccfalo ststod taac ! 006768 PRODUCED BY FORD I, ____: i . ^ -- u..%. ------------ -- - 4- \ V '- > it . I.: i '\ ` M ! records and idcntilieJ in ij /j of a garage Mechanic and another ca. B t l l r W * " = '1" 'rtnB conpresaeJ nlr ac a paper ceranany. ' ->i PUril ncsotaeiicr-.a in a 'friction-tvsc cluichc .. vita i c i i cho L t e r e - t t * < caaoctielior-- ray ealac bur - < * rccerd, ~ ^ "!,," * ST'*. realty LO S e i : r a 5ef?ea;i.e l ^ - l a l acdlcal aarvelllar.ee ayatca. llcrb Northrop of problem in perspective asbestos. Ford asked that any alert bulletin place this pointins out other recognized exposure, t . . John Dement of DFSCI Shouing ncal: exposures of uj to 5 f He also showed peak -cad le/cis anoroxinately -.5 r^/:i3 Jurin; 3tudies of brake drun bloving operations. ?aOf.h electron-. cr ;* asbc=tos fibers vrich most SratL/S-a S - t T S M = 5 - -1 vicrc -observed, ^ -- a^S " " *= W . Weaver ' J " Ed .Mpauph . I.teraatloaa! ! ; . S release. Paul Toth of Ford offeree .o nel^ ` ?n unis natter to technology and in disseminating .i n i p e r s o n n e l , appropriate Ford .'otor Company dealer relations P . ' j,,.-. M 0v,n of FPA pointed out that uisc _bra,.c. ^ asbestos into the r.eneral c ^ i r o ^ a n t t h a a ^ c ^ levels along a the FTA expressway ronu,.i<..c -*t . Selikoff no in tel out tan. 7 r " J r b f Pi S r r a ; t anj consider the effect of braxing. readable -- Dr. Mnncuso was asked to c o gent suggested an epidemiology study of ta - ;,,-...isiscl arc*, for exeyouc. of unionized i-others and tacir fnnil enre in the cxncvinental cesir.n. r>ac;| a nCu;.y should *oo.. . nrv. diseases aa well as for other cancers and occupational ru.pu asbestos-related disorders. I 006769 PQ PRODUCED BY FORD  \ i . i l *. r V. i . , : : - 5- It was emphasized that workers were noac-l to nctalr. plastic dusts (body shons), solvents and toxic frise* H U * carbon monoxide.. Ur. Unncuso rccor-ncndcd clinical studies, in the same po^latlon ot vor;;c r ^ llo tsaccially requested evaluation of so-cnllcd nuisance * ' he c " i f ~ v ~ t . t!lM nov: r o e U e e J. 3. look at workers who left tnc industry as well as those who arc . .t - aaployed. Mr Toth stressed' the need to ascertain the role of tobacco nnokins .ir. toen ' -larptno took e x c p t u m to in any studies. Ot.icrs aGrccd with hie. .-r. lanct^ or0oer the undue emphasis on the smoking aspects, to ene e..c. - recognition of the magnitude of inherent acalth risks due to tac chemicals.in dusts of the working environment. Dr. Selikoff suggested seven areas for urgent study: Analysis of htahn osfcclals tillsod sines I W O o s l n j - Broad based national industrial hyS ie 2 ^ assess exposures for various occupational tasks <iIOSh/0 S,..\; . - Epidemiologic studies of nortnlity experience of c l o s e d workers from several sources (lUOSli). He surest., c.. receive the highest priority. _ Further clinical studies of suitable controls (NlOSil). . 1 ;T)0 irorkers including _ Autopsy survey of lung asbestos burden of exposed vorkers in auto maintenance Industry (.JlCSn) . _ Industrial hygiene measures to better, control exposure. (Joint effort of unions, industry ar.d -.1 0 - 0 , _ Education of workers to hazard and to use control measures " (DOL/;n:csH). " "" ' Dr. Selikoff underway. suggested . that there be no delay in Scttinr. this program Dr. Joe 'lap,oner of MI0S1! generally support^ 1 the^ program. Ue ennhasixed need for careful c h a , r a c t . r ^ to agents- other than -sbestos an. m jor remaining scientific research funds are to'relatively low levels of Short asbestos fibers. L i l i a n Best ^ ;;CI offetc l al ^ asked whether or not a cnsc.-conti.ol study nl,,. t 006770 PQ PRODUCED BY FORD . I, Marne Edward Alpaugh Edv.-ard J. Baler Otto A. Bessey, M.D. 1. Hilliari Best, M.I). Hector Blcjcr, M.D. t Kenneth BridLord, Jack Butler, M.D. , Angelo Ccfalo John U. Dement L,i John F. Vinklca, M.D. Arthur Langer, M.D. -j William Loriner, M.D, Tj Thomas F. !!ancuso, M.D. " * Samuel Meyers John Moran Herb-Korthrop, M.D. Arthur Rohl, M.D. \ 1 4\ ' .a ^ . i \ i. w * ( Sheldon Samuels Irving J. Selikoff, M.D Paul E. Toth Joseph Ungoner, S.D. Hvi Kelli Weaver, M.D. George VI. '.-.'right, M.D. 'M. ri j - - -1 ' i * t ATTr:ii)v;n.s Af fll.lacl on . International Harvester Company KIOSII lt. Sinai National Cancer Institute. HIOSU ' HIOSU HIOSU ` . International Association of Mac' ' HIOSU . ' HIOSU * Mt. Sinai Ht. Sinai . "University of Pittsburgh * Local 259, c.Y.J EPA Ford Motor Company ' lit. Sinai IUD/AFL-CIO Ht. Sinai Ford Motor Company HIOSU American Petroleum Institute Johns--Manville ' 006771 PQ PRODUCED BY FORD August 8,1975 ASBESTOS ASBESTOS EXPOSURE DURING SERVICING OF MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE AND CLUTCH ASSEMBLIES 002322 PRODUCED BY FORD I (36) department of h e a l t h , education, and welfare PUBLIC H E A L T H SERVICE CENTER FOR OISEASE CONTROL August 8, 1975 N A T IO N A L IN S T IT U T E POR o c c u p a SAFETY AN fi HEALTH t iq n a l 5600 FISHERS LANE ROCKVILLE, M A flVLA N Q 2085* Dear Colleague: ,j This communication is intended to alert you to recently gathered informa tion indicating a potential health hazard for persons exposed to asbestos during the servicing of motor vehicle brake and clutch assomh U p ^ -- L975, the National Institite for Occupational Safety and Health convened a meeting of government and university scientists, industry .. representatives, and labor union officials Lo discuss the present state of 1 knowledge with respect to this problem. Data was presented by investigators J from the Mount Sjani School of Medicine in New York City indicating that 1 workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of automobile and truck brake linings are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of airborne asbestos dust. Specific brake servicing operations studied included blow-out of automobile drum brake assemblies, grinding of used truck brake linings, and bevelling of new truck brake linings. Average peak asbestos air concentra tions for these three activities based on personal samples taken within ten feet of the operator were, respectively, 10.5, 3.75, and 37.3 fibers (>5 microns in length) per ml. An analysis of samples of brake drum dust revealed that almost all of the asbestos fibers found were shorter than 0.4 microns in length. ' i i Previous studies of the extent of asbestos emissions from automobile brake lining wear showed that only a very small fraction of the original asbestos ' content of the brake lining is found 'in brake drum dust (Ref. 1-3). It was j presumed that this is due to thermal degradation of the fibers during braking. The present findings indicate that enough asbestos is preserved to produce ; significant exposures during certain brake servicing procedures. Jde full extent of asbestos-related disease in brake servicing personnel l-s not known at present because this particular occupa :lonal group has not been studied systematically up to now. However, a review of the scientific literature on the association between asbestos exposure and mesothelial tumors of the pleura and peritoneum has revealed at least four cases of these rare tumors in persons who were employed in Jobs involving automobile brake servicing (Ref. 4-6). ~ 1 1 002323 T3T- PRODUCED BY FORD (37) Page 2 Far your information and guidance, we are enclosing pertinent references, estimates of the population at risk, a NIOSH Interim recommendation for ' brake and clutch servicing procedures, and a copy 0 f the Department of Labor standard covering exposure to asbestos in the work place . The environmental studies of brake lining servicing operations outlined above together with observations of msothlial tumors in persons so employed affirms the necessity for instituting and maintaining recommended control measures in this industry so that the health hazards of asbestos are minimized. Enclosures J'. William Lloyd, S.D. Director Office of Occupational Health Surveillance and Biometrics 2 002324 PRODUCED BY FORD (38) REFERENCES < L. Lynch, J.R.: Brake Lining Decomposition Products. J Air Pollution Control Assoc, 18:824-26, 1968 2. Hickish, D.E. and Knight, K.L.: Exposure to Askestos During Brake Maintenance. Ann Occup H y g , 13:17-21, 1970 3. Jacko, M.G. and DuCharme, R.T.: Brake Emissions: Emission Measure ments from Brake and Clutch Linings from Selected Sources. EPA Report 68-04-0020, 1973 4. Newhouse, M.L. and Thompson, H.: Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum ' Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area. Brit J Ind Med, 22:261-69, 1965 5. McDonald, A.D. et al.: Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Msothlial Tumors in Canada. Cancer, 26:914-19, 1970 6. Greenberg, M. and Lloyd Davies, T.A.: Mesothelioma Register 1967-- 1968. Brit J Ind Med, 31:91-104, 1974 I 0 ( 3 . 002325 PRODUCED BY FORD (39) Auto Mechanics Garage Workers Manufacture (original and rebuilding) TOTAL 833,535 67,679 6,657 907,871 Business Patterns and 1972 C ^ Industry (all are D e p a r t of c l TM *0? ' 1970 0ccuP ^ i o n by publications) P a r e n t of Commerce, Census Bureau 002326 PRODUCED BY FORD (40) RECOMMENDED (INTERIM) PROCEDURES FOR ASBESTOS BRAKE AND CLUTCH SERVICING The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NTOSH) has research underway concerning dust exposures during brake and clutch servicing. Due to preliminary d a t a demonstrating significant asbestos exposures during presently usrd cleaning techniques, NIOSH has reviewed alternate techniques whereby asbestos exposures are reduced. The following are interim procedures recommended by NIOSH to minimize dust exposures. ' 1. If possible, an area shall be designated for all brake and clutch repairs. Entrances into this area shall be posted with an asbestos exposure warning sign as follows: Do Not Breathing Asbestos Dust Hazard Avoid Breathing Dust Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Remain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer 2. During brake servicing, an a ir purifying respirator, either single use or with replaceable particulate filter(s), as approved by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (formerly Bureau of Mines) or NIOSH, shall be worn during all procedures following removal of the wheels including reassembly. During manual clutch servicing, such a respirator shall be worn during removal and cleaning of the clutch, pressure plate and housing assembly and during installation of the new clutch assembly. 3. Dust shall first be cleaned from brake drums, brake backing plates, brake assemblies and clutch assemblies using an industrial type vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency filter system (>99% efficiency for 0.3 pm diameter aerosols). After vacuum cleaning, any remaining dust shall be removed using a rag soaked in water and wrung until nearly dry. Under no circumstances shall compressed air nr dry brushing be used for cleaning. 4. During arcing and riveting operations, an approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be worn. Grinding (arcing) machines shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation such that worker exposures are maintained at least below the 1976 OSHA asbestos standard (29 CFR 1910.1001).* At a minimum, the dust bag of the arcing machine shall be removed and replaced with the hose of the high efficiency industrial vacuum described in (3) above. 002327 PRODUCED BY FORD t 1 - 2- (41) ' ii r CT Cleanur bags containing asbestos dust and cloths used for wiping brake and clutch assemblies shall be sealed In plastic bags and labeled with the following warning label printed in Ittlts of sufficient size and contrast to be readily visible and legible: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid -Breathing Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer All asbestos waste asbestos regulation, bags, an approved worn. shall be disposed of in accordance with the OSHA 29 ClR 1910.1001(h). During removal of vacuum respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be 6. All floor cleaning in areas where brakes and clutches are repaired shall be done with the high efficiency industrial vacuum cleaner as described in (3) above. Grinding (arcing) machines shall also be cleaned with such a vacuum cleaner and any remaining dust wiped with a damp cloth. An approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be used during this cleaning. 7. Although adherence to the above procedures should minimize any contamination of work clothing, it is required that the appropriate portions of the OSHA regulations on asbestos (29 CFR 1910.1001(d) (3 and 4)) concerning special clothing, change rooms, etc. be followed. NOTE. Strict adherence to the above procedures should minimize exposures to mechanics during brake .and clutch servicing. These are interim recom mendations and are subject to revision pending results of ongoing NIOSH research. * Section 1910.1001 of the Code of Federal Regulations was formerlv Section 1910.93a. This change was noted in the Federal Register, May 28, 1975. Division National Prepared By of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations Institute Cor Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio 6 002328 PRODUCED BY FORD