Document 8R8N35XK80k962XXNQV3BaQYo

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT f i [i * \*i Ii l V. 1 I I I ShUiatute Qbsilacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING < LEGAL -- decisions and trends tfn2ushial- HzciiU Tleivs \I*L-3 /`JJ? By1' li1' r .llimiLlf Of INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4co nrra avenue PITTSBURGH. 7A. O HHf '. I ' ' ,* >J ' . >" Re pponeto iliiCjTi ^ 104 SILICC3IS AiaNG C3IwT*33. J.L.A. Grout. Brit. Jour. Radiol. 11, 256-70, (Juno 1930). Tha ao*Ir gives an interesting report of the work of Sheffield grinders is .'s'inrposiac knives, forks and needloa and thoir working, conditions during the tats sad 19 centuries. The grinding wus dl dona with ssndstono wheels, tha grinding of knives being done wo* snd that of forks dry. Tori: grinders soldsa .'lived beyond the ego of 32, while thu kaifo grinders .occasionally -iivod to 50 >o.. i:1. v. . . * k r : 1.! ugh T'V* ^bsc for Gcnorstions,? until roceatly, -Jin lS34.jaidust control'progms, cuch the \i$auu-iS-_$huso in affect -today;' raavprep3cJLh.ut-?gts .'apparently never enforsoi. : "ipurinc. sore recant'..years"the-replaoeacnf of. rn6 4anistor.es b7 ortificini -cb.r--isiTcs lisa almost eliminated "silicosis.frca`thia iiKhiirtry. - * ,'yt 2r ici r'crnsaiiATiun o? acid insoluble matter in thtbflta o?` silicotics. e. civm, J?,\yg* vAef- *- '1:1. .A. Cchreier, .3. liartello and J.D. Hardy7-1 J.^Ind. rfc'g fc Toxicol., *-tJanuary 1939). .* ` ry^Ths determination of nineral rosiuueln ,the. sputun of silicotics is a -tively recent study, end no thorough'investisutioa of the subject has -.been Bade. Burke (see Abstract Ho. 373, Dee. 1938) cade n nieroscopie 21, 1-4, eenparaas yet study of tlio sputun of silicoties end non-silicotics,. but the technic available Bade it .TM* difficult to distingui.!; particles accurately. In the present study the authors determined the weight of the total acid-insoluble solids in 100 ee of sputun. - . Their ncthod ia conplotaly described in tho paper. The avorage free silica con- .. ~tcnt of the solid matter, doterminod with hydrofluoric acid after ignition, this * fc 71 per cent. Thuy found sobc solid Batter in tho lungs of all oxanined, but ./:V;* .1 noted that, tha sputum of provod eilicotics showod distinctively higher values ;"":-tr.nn that of csn-si-licatids. The eputun of 83-non-silicoties contained froa 0.2 '*- :. "to- 2.5 ng.'-resi'duo^pcir lOC^ dc. while-tM per'cent-of--32 silicotic cases contained- S-r '- error 2.5 ag.^per.-iOO'he, and. some values t/cre as high'as 20 eg. Unny sillcotics ti*# 'gave high results even after years of absonco from a dusty trade. It is suggest --ed-that these determinations any prove to bo of value in the diagnosis of silica VT -*.v< # s,. I 4 106 V/EYIUG ANATOMIC HZHA7IQ?. OF THE RIGHT HEART IN SEVERE SHICCSI3. U. Letterer, - V.erhandl. 4. deutsch Gcaell. f. Kreislauf. 11th session, pp. 400-5, (1938)(Germr Of 13 casos-of severo slnplo silicosis tho author found that 11 had hypertrophy . ' ~r .-.of- the right heart, with a 6-10 a. thick wall of tho conus pulsonall. s. Of 22 cesos with, severe, silicosis cor.plicatcd by tuberculosis thore core only 9 cases .--th.this condition.rTt seems possible thcroforo tbnt tuberculosis hinders tho . .^"development of -hypertrophy- of the right, heart end can perhaps even bring about diminution of.lt. - 107 T?2 DMBZn 0? SILICOSIS AMD PRACTICAL SAJET.: MEASURES. Dcrdaek. Zbl.f.Gewerbch* - -25, 1SIW70 (19'in) (Gorman)'. ' The author diaciuaes the dust produced la the manufacture of flroproof bricks m-l doals briefly v.<ith noems fur preventing its dissemination. * / t*y i ; `v? .. i < . / t 1C3 T.-E E<PSI122H,;i. RZPnoCUCTIOH Cl? THE S0-C/IL2D SILICOTIC MODULE. A. Poll card. ..Lull. Histel. appl. physiol, path. tcch. miemoeop. IS, C7-76 (1928) (Preach). Histologic and histo-chealcal studios were nado of pathologic tissue frea tho luags of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits which had inhaled quarts or chalcedony dust for 8-25 months. Tha fibrous changoc produced in the lungs of thoso anlnnl. 'Sifforcd anrkediy fron tho flbro-hyalin nodulc3 found in hurnn oillcools pat- ients. Conclusion: the origin of human silicotic nodulos cannot ns yot bo de finitely ascribed to silica itsolf. 0^4(o Note: See abstracts Hus. 15 and 16 in January, 1939, Bulletin. -r. ^,9 > .d J. V. SP".rXC .*r i t. J . )*ludlol. 11. iVl-V, U'uao 1913) (?ri li.-.) T'.v pr.pur describes tho clinical '.ad radiolog--'! signs 1` ss'.joctcsis. o chief complications nro (1) puniest bronchitis, (Z) brcneho-j)cc'.=jnia, (3) puLao3*iry tuberculosis, cad (4) enrol . Si v`. < f:V *, `*5 \ r> tv -.T5 xV 'V4 i:q THE ABJOSPTION EFFECTS 01* 7ARI0US DUSTS ON DILUTEE1 "Old) "TUBERCULIN. Z.L. Guseins and E.H. Williams. J. Hyg. 52.< 63t3-4e (i9Z3). The adsorption power of various types of fi:iely-dlvidod ducts for tie active pert uf tubarculin was studied by soaking 1 gram samples of 3uch dusts with 13 r_i. of a C.l per coat solution of tuberculin for 5 joinutes, incubating ut 27 for 30 minutes and keeping thera ovoruight ut room temperature. Tie clear liqui mu rmoved, centrifuged, storiliacd and tectod. It was found that tho adserpt power insreused in the-inveraed-ratio of particle aiao, that anthracite and fusion dust of conparaklc particle siac havo the samo adsorption pov.-cr,, and tha sandstone fros different locations and shsla dust, sericlte, chalcedony and quarts dust also adsorb tho active principle of tuberculin to different extents It is suggested that the relatively low morbidity, toxicity and nortality fros. tuberculosis noted in cool minors exposed to siliceous dust arc due to the ad sorption of tuberculous toxin by flnoly-divldod coal dust inhalod with tho dust from hard stone. ' ' * ... - i 111 TIE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF PLS2?-i SUREACDS TO IMPLANTED DUSTS. 77.?,. Sradlcy end Id.?/. First. I. Lab. end Clin. Hod., 24, 4-1-52, (1938). Forty rabbits were subjected to Intra-pleurul Implantation of dust and, with. 10 additional rabbits as controls, were autopslcd after IS, 30, 15, 60, end 00 days. Typically inert, absorptive end proliferative reactions were produced by the pleura in response to various dusts. These responses wore osscntially the sene as those produced iu surt.ua cavities olsowhere in tho body by other worker Thu injection of dusts into the pleural cavities, especially decauso of its pm nicy to lung tissue, ms found to-be suitable in both results and occncny. 112 -J3ICLCCICAL DSCSraUTION Or PATHOLOGICAL CIIANGEU INDUCED FT CERTAIN INLUSTHIA TROCESESS. J.F. -3railsford Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 393-400 (1933) (British). The author strsnorlaes Roholn's study of fluorine intoxication contracted by those handling cryolite. Eighty-four par cent of tha workers craained had bona changes -- a diffuse osteosclerosis, which was on the wiiolo proportional to the period of employment. Half of tho workers showed radiograpliie evldencos of pul marry fibrosis similar to that soon in silicosis hut mure innocent in aaturo,but it was undecided ns to whothcr the fluorino or the associated quarts hod caused .the fibrosis. Against this, an cxnainatlan of 49 workers in Scotland ex .posed tn alumina and.cryulito dusts failed to establish tho existanoe of osteo sclerosis as. of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of long exposuro. Other- examples o .tha-radiograph ns a diagnostic tool are-citod. 112 TEZTg^fF RESPIRATORY EFFICIINZY AND TIEIR C3IUCLATI0II V.'ITrl RADIOLOGICAL /JPSSIOCSS IN TIE LUNGE. E.U. Killick." Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 401-4, (June IS (British) The tests of respiratory efficiency used were: (1) vital capacity of tho lungs; (2) ventilation equivalent for oxygen (vol. of air breathod per 100 cc. oaqrgen absorbed); (3) volume of donu spneo; and (4) exercise tolerance tests. Soven r rtoae pulmonary lesions had been diagnosed as silicosis or asbestosis, all show d veil-defined function;!, inp.nirr.ent on the basis of one or nnra of tho abova tests. Eleven arc welders were exasinod and five of tho niaber, having signs c early pnemoconiosis, gave, on the whole, poorer pcrfomanr.es than tha otbor *i It la concluded that tests of respiratory offlciency should holp to distinguish letweon early fibrosis and the deposition of dust in tho lungs without marked fibrous tissuo reaction 0UH~l ;-rti-^2 -3 .-.c:c~~. _i:cr_:'.--c - Z r ,< j ,a ' ;, ** .-.* ;7^ 4 . ; k. .:`M VC -ft *5.. - - - < ?-'ti .-.Vvinr.?.t eg i. ./?;. j gSS -*** ' . .,' "S fl ` r;-.'J; i-M :r;-^ ^ . t '.-vy -''r/'J / * . :.W* * * -S*V U4 *s {^' "~v; A* .,4. w . L . .; t baa a metcstnti-: pulmonary carcis'nususle; and 1`J'J were ur.csnp.ic.ntcd. I- -..;c antiro aeries al' eases studied, 2.". c.nsas of fpont-ncous pnuuccshurax (4.214) tcro found, Q having second- and 12 third-stage anthracosilicccic. Fourteen occurred in association -lth tuberculosis. 5even were found erneng those having simple pBcuauconiocis, sue une in tho caso with ecrc.tndma. Intense Gyspnc-, a snr.se f Impending suffoi*ation, severe pain in the chest, a feeling of constric tion on tho affected ride nr.a shock wro symptoms present ia many cases; email collections of air procuccd ao symptoms and the condition teas discovered only by routine: x-ray. Rcentgcnolocicaliy, tne condition must he distinguished frem emphysematous bleb- and pulmonary cysts, v.hilc emphysema, bleb fermstioa, and pleural udho-ion* ore alv.ays present la nnthracosilicosis and are factors which greatly faver tho envelopment of onctmatharax, and while the frequent coexistence of tuberculosis ana the. severe acccmp.-.aylzg cough further predispose to pleural accidents, tills effect ia greatly decreased by .the always present thiexened viocaral pleura which resists tearing or perforation and thus offers on actual pro tection against tho furcation, or pneumothorax.. Thi3 explains the lot: .incidence of pleural perforation- {4..3l. in this group of. anthracite coni miners vrlth cnthracosilicosls., . ... LTJLTrpLI CIAI.T EULLAZ aSSCCIAISi -TTH Aii:SACS2ILIC0SIS. Z.R. ft'icsa, C.A. Keikon end Robert Charr. Am.J. Rocr.tg. h. Radium Tear., 42, 13S-91 (August. 1939). A caso is presented of nultiole giant bullae (large blisters or vesicles filled with fluid) of the lump associated with nmthrasosilicosis which was observed by the authors ever a pariJ l of several years. They bcliovo the ease to bo unique because of the multiplicity and tho sine of tho bullae, which could readily have been mistaken fur spontaneous pneuaothnrax. Diagnosis was confirmed by gross pust-murtoc findings and microscopic examinatiwn. Tlie importance of differential diagnosis betracr. o-liae aai pnoimu.thirax ia emphasized and a discussion is giver, uf ths tv.o conditions in ccaucctioa ivitn caphyscmn cf the lungs. ;i. :c-?jiy rruDY. o? t>z- cf v.cfflizi in t-ie Asszrrcz'znrjsiFY covt?j:s a PZSIOD.DE T2I YZV3S-. ..A.George usd.R.2..Leonard. Hadiolngy. 33, 196-2C2 (August 1939). The- authors discuss seme r.f the conclusions they have reached after an artenslvo vr.poricnc*j examining aabestea v.v.rhers. Each industry or occupation should bo studied by itself bucause the hazards of oach vary greatly. The must important variable with, oacupatiua is the pcrcoatago of free silica in the dust which can- cause the development of n silicotic condition in addition to the asbcstotic one. The authors ara of. the opinion that asbestoais is not a progressive disease after the individual :ias been removed from the dust hazard. They found also the*, the disease has no--causal relation to tuberculosis. Unlike silicosis, IC-ray appearance of tuberculosis and artestosis are quite different. They found ao :1sulcal findings pathognomonic cf asouotonis and state that diagnosis of asbes- tosls iBSt depend alone on X-ray evidence. -131 pulxAt A2srrcfi. v. a 1-zfcp.t of shghchial carcikeia ;iro zpitjiellm ijeta- M-'nIA. K.11. Lynch and V.'.A. Smith. An. J. Cancer. 3G^, 567-73 (August 1939). Tho authors present tho caso hi-torv of a patient witn pulmonary asbestosis and carcinsma and, in addition, aaku a contribution to tho statistics on tbo incidence V I if cars!noma end asbestosis. Curing the past 12 yrars in 2343 consecutive r > : * \1 necropsies (35 oases of nstouto.-.is among then) tha incidence of carcinoma was 9.20f.. Omitting thn asbcstoais eases tho incidonco \r.is 0.219*. /mong tho usbes- tc.sis cases (2b in number) tho incidence was approximately 6^ (2 cases), but tho statistical value of these fisuros is questionablo boccuso of tho email numbors. The cutlers also note tho observation that advancol asbestosis may lead to bron < * ; 2 chial epithelial metnpiusis uf a type encuuntcrcd in other locations whuro cy- iir.-lrieal cpithrliict may give rise t,*/ aquusuius-cfill careincna. Q y !W*f,rcj:` to Recant Litarutura - 4 '?i'y ** i2 AaiSCIOSIS. Z.S. Bonder. Deutcch. Red. achssehr., 65, 407-408 (1439). (Cc ~ :"v'',V a short but oxccllcnt description of the origin, clinical aspects and diagne of pulMaarr a3bcatosis. Asbestos warts and lung cancer of asbestos workers . discux3l It is compamtivaly rare to find etbestosis bcmplicatcd by puiacrj*. tuboreuloais In cornany. `v^Sr1 %7'Y' **' ?sE^cuLai3 hi use A.R. Riddell. Canadian Pup. Health J. 2C .S3 (Murch 1939). The author ceneluacs that "although tho relation, of certain occupations to the occurrence of tuberculosis is somewhat disquieting, industry in general docs r.c constitute a monacu in this respect." lie states tent "industrialization has sc raised the canard standards of Urine as co sore than counteract aay aurersa influcnc: which specific industries exart." Insurance reports indicate a highe death rate among industrial ts contrasted with non-industrial groups in the asm community. Ths influences which may exort on edverso effect on an industry's tuberculosis rating are discussed, particularly posture and overcrowding. The results of surreys of overcrowded plants are revealing. The importance of tube: sulosis in relation to silicosis is illustrated by observations on a series of 373 eases which ocrurrc.1 in Ontario during tho past 10 years end one group in cac of .the northern mining cnaps, where tho transmission of tuberculosis tc con tacts ns particularly noted. Tho economic aspect r>t tuberculosis exons a so- vero strain on tho cemuait/ and industry, and" tho results of treatment so far as tho inclvidual workman is concerned are not eneuurnging.f-iw ore ever.again permanently self-supporting. The necessity of preventive measures far early detection of cases is pointed out. Such measures should iacludo chest roentgen ograms, supplemented by laboratory facilities. TUZSCULOSIS AN3 CAISSON DISEASE. J. Am. L'cd. Assoc. (Queries and minor sates) . - Ill' 1990 ("*/ 131 1239). A man who had aa attack of caisson disease made :n lnust caapleto rocuvcry..At that timo his lungs wore normal although no roentgen-.-grams were taken. A. year later the man dnvelopou active tuberculosis. The reply states that thcro is no logical connection between these two conditions; it is quito possible that pre- uyf.ptcm tubarcuic.sis as present originally but not detected. I V A CTUTY OF THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO DUST IN THE iHNING AND UHLHJ3 OF FYHO- PHflilTE. H.F. Easum, M.F. Trice and C.C. Corponter. Division of Industrial Hygiene, North Carolina Stnto Board of Health and North Carolina Industrial Com mission, Bulletin, 100 pp. (February 1939). For sale by tho Bivislwa, Raleigh, H. C. Price 50 cents. Pyrophyllite is a natural hydrous -altssinm silicate containing 205* alvninc, 745S silica--of which from 25 to 35"/i is quarts. It is employed in the manufacture of rubb*-oods, textiles,- roofing paper, soap, point, toilet preparations, and ceramic jfoducts. Exposure of workmen in mining and milling processes, which ere inhofontly dusty accusations, constitutes a serious hazard end many of then develop a 1ub6 condition designated as pnoiccconiosis. Tho pyrcphyllitc dust causes a pulmonary fibrosis which appears on the x-ray film ns massive tisaor- like shadows bilaterally situated in tho suhaplcal region or as granular dens ities throughout tho lungs, fiaphyscma is cesaan and nadulatlon rare. Tho path- tlngy appears to bo pcrmannnt and tones to progress. Tuberculosis is not nocos- s-'-rlly n complicating factor. Tho examinations reported here covor 101 present and former employees; of thoso with 2 years or mare orposurc showed ovidcaec cf lung pathology. The bulletin .also iucludos methods for dust control, mmorous reproductions of X-rays and nlcropkntngraphs nnd many plant end mint* scones. *A .