Document 8R37dM1wrXdj2V7Em1GRG8Gyk
GROUND-WATER IN V E S T IG A T IV E PROGRAM AT WOODBURY, MINNESOTA
J a n u a ry , 1967
Palm er v3M Com pany
-22.I EXHIBIT
EUGENE A . HICKOK & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING HYDROLOGISTS MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
3M J 3 4 3 4 S
ailable by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: ,t to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286007
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055783
GROUND-W ATER IN V E S T IG A T IV E PROGRAM AT WOODBURY, M INNESOTA
January, 1967
EUGENE A. HICKOK & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING HYDROLOGISTS MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
3M 084346
available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: ct to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286008
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M _M N00055784
ILLU STR A TIO N S
Figure i . Location Hap Woodbury S ite
Table l.
Table 2.
TABLES
Well Log - Test Well 1.
Theoretical Pumping Water Levels B arrier and Removal Wells
3M 084347
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286009
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055785
GROUND-WATER IN V E S T IG A T IV E PROGRAM A T WOODBURY, M INNESOTA
INTRODUCTION A study o f the ground-water conditions in the v ic in ity of The
3M Company Woodbury waste disposal s it e was undertaken in the summer and f a ll of 1966 to determine: ( l ) I f a re s id e n tia l w ell water pol lu tio n problem in th is area was a resu lt of contamination from the disposal s ite ; (2) The extent of the m igration of water containing chemical contaminants from the waste disposal p i t , i f any; and (3} To o u tlin e a program, i f necessary, to prevent uncontrolled migration of water from the disposal area.
In conjunction with this study a 12 inch diameter te s t well was d r ille d on The 3M Company property. See Figure I , Location Map. The well s it e was located on the basis of a geophysical survey of a por tio n of The 3M Company property. The well was d r ille d to a depth of 370 fe e t. Six separate c a re fu lly con trolled and monitored water q u a lity pumping tests were conducted a t d iffe r e n t depths as the test w ell was constructed. Water samples were obtained during each indi vidual test and subsequently analyzed fo r chemical constituents by the gas chromatographic technique. A ll water analyses were conducted by 3M Company personnel.
During the period September " December, 1966, water samples were also obtained fo r chemical analysis from observation w ells on The 3M Company Woodbury property. In a d d itio n , water samples were obtained from 20 p riv a te wells in the v ic in it y o f the Woodbury disposal s ite and the Cheney w ell on The 3M Company property. Two o f the private w ells are being u tiliz e d as control w ells and are approximately four miles from the disposal s ite .
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject toProtective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286010
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055786
I
Water samples From the p rivate w ells were also independently collected and analyzed by the Minnesota State Board o f Health.
Water samples fo r analysis by The 3M Company were obtained from the w ell on the Schussler property on an approximate two week schedule from September to December, 1966.
The 3M Company discontinued use o f the waste disposal s ite on A p ril 23, 1966, and the disposal p its have since been f i l l e d .
2 Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084349 3WIA00286011
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055787
PUMPING T E S T S
The primary o b jective in d r illin g test w ell No. 1 was to determine
the water q u a lity in each geologic formation a t the s ite . Test We11 F is located on 3M Company property between the waste
disposal p its and the Schussler p rivate w e ll. The s p e c ific well lo
cation was chosen on the basis of results of an e le c tric a l re s is t
iv it y survey conducted in August of 1966. The r e s is tiv ity survey in
dicated that at the s ite of Test Well I the g la c ia l d r i f t consisted
o f clean sand and gravel. The r e s is tiv ity survey indicated that the method Is applicable
to the problem of determining the r e la tiv e v e r tic a l and la te ra l v a ri
atio n of the g la c ia l d r i f t deposits in the Woodbury area. The r e s is t iv it y anomalies or highs appear to trend in a general
east-west d irectio n in the area of in v e s tig atio n . The trend of the
deposits is important as the permeability of the g la c ia l d r i f t is
expected to i n i t i a l l y exert some control on the d ire c tio n and rate of migration of liquids from the waste disposal p its .
Six separate water q u a lity pumping tests were conducted as Test
Well I was being constructed. Jn the g la c ia l d r i f t the aq u ifer above the section tested was blanked o ff with the 12-inch casing. During
each test in the Shakopee and Jordan formations, the aquifers above
the section being tested were sealed by means of a mechanical packer
placed in the test hole. The packer was placed to assure that the water samples obtained were representative o f the aquifer section tested. The packer arrangement was e ffe c tiv e in is o la tin g the sec
tio n o f a q u ife r being tested as evidenced by the observed substantial
differences in water level above and below the packer during each te s t. Table 1 is a log of Test Well 1 showing the geologic forma
tions and each aqu ifer section tested. 3
3M 084350
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MAQ0286012
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055788
mm:
y,r i .- TAtt
WELL Lde TEST WELL 1
te srM z o a r#
V/ECD
J OCT 14 to o *m Z o c t /a 9 7 GAM
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>6C 74
3 7 <SPM 3 A P S . 4 0 0 6P M - P /A 7 J A
3M 084351
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286013
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T , NO. 27 -C V -1 0-28862
3M M N00055789
Each individual pumping test was approximately 8 hours long. The pumping rate was 10 to 60 gallons per minute (gpm) during the f i r s t four te s ts . The pumping rate during tests 5 and 6 was approxi mately 37 gallons per minute (gpm) fo r the f i r s t two hours of the test.
i t was an ticip ated that at the low pumping rate only the water in the immediate v ic in ity of the pumped section would move into the w e ll. I t is believed that the analysis o f the water samples obtained a t the low pumping rate is tru ly in d ic a tiv e of the water composition which exists under non-pumping conditions at the depth tested.
During Test No. 5 of the Shakopee geologic formation and Test Mo. 6 o f the Jordan geologic formation, the pumping rates were in creased to 350 and hOO gpm, respectively, a t the end of each te s t. Rates were chosen which would re fle c t the water q u a lity to be ex pected under sustained pumping a t the s ite o f Test Well I .
Drawdown measurements were made in Test Well 1 during a l l tests to determine the re la tiv e perm eability o f each aq u ifer. This In fo r mation was subsequently u tiliz e d in the determination o f locations for future test wells.
Observation Wells 1 and 2 on The 3M Company property were also pump tested during October 1966. These welts have m u ltip le screens, a n d each geologic section screened, g la c ia l d r i f t and S t. Peter sand stone, was independently tested by a packer arrangement which iso lated the section being tested.
The water samples from p rivate wells and the Schussler well were obtained u t iliz in g the existin g pumping equipment. Data
Made Available by 3Mfor Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286014
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055790
regarding the depth, geologic formation penetrated and w ell construc tio n d e ta ils of many of the p rivate wells is not av a ila b le a t the present tim e.
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Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084353 3MA00286015
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M MN00055791
GROUND*WATER qUALITY In order to id e n tify the type end d ire c tio n o f migration o f the
chemical constituents in the aquifers underlying the waste disposal s it e , gas chromatograph a n a ly tic a l techniques were u t iliz e d , indi* vidua) samples were obtained and analyzed by the 3M Company analyt* ical laboratories on the day collected .
The a n a ly tic a l results have been expressed as a rb itra ry chro matographic u n its . In the case o f isopropyl ether the a rb itra ry units were converted to parts per m illio n (ppm) by comparison w ith a sample of known concentration o f isopropyl eth er.
Isopropyl ether or a compound s im ila r to i t was Id e n tifie d in Test Well I . The concentration decreased w ith depth. The water produced a t Test Well 1 in the g la c ia l d r i f t and Sc. Peter formations had a noticeable sweet, an tis e p tic chemical odor. The water also created a noticeable foam which was not persistent and rapidly disappeared. With depth the odor became less noticeable and the water did not foam as re a d ily .
The m igration of the chemicals has been d iff e r e n t ia l in both a horizontal and v e rtic a l d irectio n away from the waste disposal p its . The m igration varies w ith the type and structure of the chemical as some chemical elements are c le a rly leading or m igrating fa s te r than others as indicated by d etailed review o f the analysis o f water sam ples from the Schussler w e ll.
In part th is d iffe r e n tia l movement can be a ttrib u te d to the water from the waste p its following preferred paths o f flow through the most permeable sections o f the g la c ia l d r i f t and then through frac* ture zones in the Shakopee formation. The fra c tu re zones could pro vide d ire c t paths fo r migration o f r e la tiv e ly undiluted chemical
6 3m 084354
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286016
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055792
constituents in any d irectio n from the waste p its controlled only by the e ffe c tiv e artesian pressure or water table gradient present.
The Cheney well and observation wells 1 and 2 did not show a s ig n ific a n t concentration o f those chemical compounds fo r which they were tested. Additional analysis o f water from these wells w ill be required to determine i f chemical contaminants are moving toward these weiIs.
Concentrations of isopropyl ether o f more than 1.0 ppm are ob~ je ctio n ab le and detectable by a c h a ra c te ris tic taste and odor. I t was at a concentration of less than 1.0 ppm o f isopropyl ether that the chemical was f i r s t noticed a t the Schussler residence.
As the ground-water investigation proceeds, i t w ill be important to p o s itiv e ly id e n tify the chemical compounds present and th eir indi vidual concentrations. To date concentrations o f individual chemicals have been expressed by a rb itra ry gas chromatograph u n its . The de* ta ile d laboratory work which w ill be involved Is necessary as trace amounts o f a few of the compounds present in water samples from the Woodbury s ite have been found in both p riv a te w ells and in control water sampling wells outside of the Woodbury area. These compounds are believed to be n a tu ra lly occurring ones.
The Schussler w ell has shown a progressive increase in isopropyl ether concentrations since A pril of 1966. There has also been a water q u a lity change observed ir the routine chemical analysis. The chemical oxygen demand, chlorides, s u lfa te and flu o rid e present in the water have a ll progressively increased. Under continuous pump* ing over a period of k to 8 hours, there is a s lig h t improvement of water q u a lity . I f a s im ilar pattern o f increase in the common chem ical constituents is associated with the increase in isopropyl ether
,, 3M 084355
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidenlial Information: Subject to Protective Order in Palmer v. 3M. No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286017
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055793
at other observation wells i t w ill provide a rap id , economical system for routine analysis to trace the movement o f the ground-water of the area.
A n a ly s is o f 18 p r iv a t e w e lls in th e a re a by both The 3M Company and the Minnesota State Department o f Health determined chat eleven p riv a te wells had excessively high concentrations of n itra te s . These concentrations were in excess of that recommended fo r domestic use by the United States Public Health Service. The high n itr a te concen trations indicated probable local pollution at the individual welt s ite s . I t is understood that the Minnesota Health Department has n o tifie d the parties concerned.
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Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084356 3MA00286018
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055794
GROUND-WATER CONTROL PROGRAM The 3H Company Woodbury waste disposal s it e was completely closed
in A pril 1966 and no fu rth e r liq u id or other wastes disposed o f in the area. The disposal p its were subsequently b a c k f i l l e d . Local resi dents are continuing to use the s ite fo r refuse disposal.
The in vestig ative work undertaken in the past eight months in d i cates that chemicals s im ilar to those placed in the p its have been id e n tifie d approximately $/k of a m ile in a w esterly d irectio n from the waste p its a t the Schussler w e ll. The liq u o r has also moved v e r tic a lly downward and is present in the g la c ia l d r i f t , and to a much lesser degree in the Shakopee formation and possibly in trace con centrations in the Jordan geological form ation.
The g la c ia l d r i f t and Shakopee formations are prim arily u tiliz e d fo r domestic w ells in the Woodbury area. The Jordan geologic forma tion is the p rin c ip le aq u ifer in the M inneapolis-S t. Paul metropolitan area and is widely u tiliz e d fo r domestic, in d u s tria l and municipal water supplies.
In evaluating means of co n tro llin g the m igration o f chemicals from the waste discharge p its the m aterial contained in the acid ' waste p its has been considered to be a separate problem. I t may be possible to recover the chemical wastes in the acid p it area before they penetrate to the Shakopee and Jordan geologic formations. An independent program to control the ground-water in the v ic in ity of the acid waste p it is believed to be j u s t if ie d .
The measures which appear most promising in c o n tro llin g the movement of chemicals in the ground-water aquifers beneath the wet scrap disposal p its are:
3M 0 8 4 3 5 7 9
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subjectto Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286019
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055795
1. i n i t i a t i o n o f a pumping b a r r i e r to p re v e n t f u r t h e r l a t e r a l and downward m ig ra tio n o f con tam in ated w a te r from the d is posal p its .
2 . C o n s t r u c t i o n o f removal w e l l s to pump c o n ta m in a te d w a te r o u t o f the ground w it h in the area o f h ig h e s t c o n c e n tra tio n be f o r e i t has an o p p o rtu n ity f o r m ig r a t io n and d i l u t i o n .
The pumping b a r r i e r would c o n s is t o f w id e ly spaced pumping w e lls o f m o d erate y i e l d s . The w e l l s would be pumped c o n t in u o u s ly w i t h t h e purpose o f re v e rs in g the n a tu ra l ground-w ater g r a d ie n t, which is away from th e Woodbury s i t e , and th e re b y cause g r o u n d * w a te r t o move tow ard th e d is p o s a l s i t e . At the same t im e an a t t e m p t would be made to r e v e r s e th e d i f f e r e n t i a l head which now e x i s t s between th e Shakopee and Jordan a q u i f e r s c a u s in g movement o f w a t e r and c h e m ic a ls from the Shakopee to the Jordan fo rm atio n .
I t is e x tre m e ly im portant to p re ve n t f u r t h e r d is p e rs io n o f any c o n ta m in a te d g r o u n d - w a t e r . As th e c h e m ic a ls become d is p e r s e d e ve r l a r g e r q u a n t i t i e s o f w a te r must be pumped t o re c o v e r even sm all amounts o f c h e m ic a ls . I t must be emphasized t h a t c o n c e n tra tio n s o f less than 1 .0 ppm o f is o p r o p y l e t h e r has been found to be o b j e c t i o n able fo r domestic use.
in o r d e r to a s s u r e t h a t the proposed pumping b a r r i e r would be e f f e c t i v e a d d i t i o n a l t e s t w e lls and pumping t e s t s w i l l be n e c e s s a ry , both to determ ine the exten t o f m ig ra tio n of the chemical contaminants from the waste p its and to e s ta b lis h the exact number, c on structio n and placement o f b a r r i e r and removal w e l l s .
A 5 w e lI b a r r i e r system c o n s is tin g o f Test Well 1 and k a d d i t io n a l w e lls is b e lie v e d to be the minimum number o f w e lls necessary based upon the h y d r o lo g ic in fo rm a tio n a v a i l a b l e a t the p re se n t tim e .
10 3M 084358
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subjec! to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286020
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M _M N00055796
The pumping b a rrie r wells would be finished in the Shakopee formation and designed to pump 700 gpm.
A minimum of two and possibly three removal wells w ill be re quired and should be constructed in the v ic in ity of the wet scrap p its . These w ells should be constructed in the Shakopee geologic formation and designed to y ie ld from 1000 * 1200 gpm.
The sp e c ific locations fo r these wells would be dependent on the
results of additional test d r illin g and pumping te s ts . I t should be
noted that individual test wells may be u t iliz e d not only to deter mine the geologic conditions and hydrologic c o e ffic ie n ts o f each a q u ife r, but also to p o s itiv e ly o u tlin e the extent of migration of chemical wastes.
When water is withdrawn from a w e ll, the water level in the ground water reservoir is drawn down in the v ic in ity of the w e ll, forming a cone of depression In the ground-water surface. The drawdown is greatest in the well and diminishes as the distance from the well in creases. As a re s u lt, pumping causes ground-water to move ra d ia lly through the underground reservoir toward the w e ll. With continuous pumping, the cone of depression is stead ily enlarged u n til the reser v o ir is exhausted or u n til the cone o f depression reaches a source of recharge large enough to sustain the y ie ld of the well and thus stop further water level declines.
The r a te o f growth and l a t e r a l e x t e n t o f the cone o f depression a r e independent o f the r a t e o f pumping. However, the pumping ra te causes a p ro p o rtio n a l v a r ia t io n in the depth o f the cone of depression. I f a w e l l w e re to be pumped a t t w ic e a g iv e n r a t e , t h e cone o f de" p re s s io n would be tw ic e as deep a t any p o i n t , but i t would n ot have an a p p re ciab ly g re a te r la t e r a l e x te n t.
3M 084359
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Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject toProtective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286021
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055797
Table 2 represents theoretical pumping water levels from a com bination of fiv e b a rrie r and two removal w ells; The design of indi vidual w ells should be f le x ib le and guided by the results obtained from the f i r s t wells constructed. See Table 2.
I t is not possible a t this time to p redict the period for which pumping of the b a rrie r and removal w ells w ill be necessary.
At the acid waste disposal p it i t is an ticip ate d that the chemi cal wastes have not yet penetrated the Glenwood shale and thereby contaminated the underlying St. Peter, Shakopee and Jordan formations.
Test d r illin g w ill be necessary to determine the extent of the la te ra l and v e rtic a l migration of chemicals from the p it ; I f the chemicals have not penetrated the Glenwood shale and are actually migrating la te r a lly above i t , i t may be possible to intercept the chemicals w ith a system of shallow low capacity w ells in the immedi ate v ic in ity of the acid p i t . Much more d etaile d test work w ill be necessary in this area and provision fo r this testing has been made in the overall cost estimates.
12 MadeAvailable by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084360 3MA00286022
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055798
TABLE 2
THEORETICAL PUMPING WATER LEVELS
A.fler .1QO Davs Continuous Pumping
Yield gpm
Removal Well 12
1000 1000
WELL.MQ. __________ B a rrie r Wei i
l 365 700 700 700 700
6 700
Specific Capacity gpm/ft/dd
S ta tic Water Level Dynamic Drawdown Interference Effects
27
70.0 37.0 56.5
27
70.0 37.0 56.5
27
95.0 26.0 53,5
27
72.0 26.0 50.5
27
155.0 26.0 69.0
27
95.0 26.0 50.5
27
92.0 26.0 69.0
Theoretical pumping water level - below ground level
163.5 163.5 179.5 168.5 230.0 171.5 167.0
NOTE: Specific Capacity estimated from data obtained a t Test Well 1.
13
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3m 084361 3MA00286023
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055799
MASIE..HATER DISPOSAL The dis pos al o f the wa te r produced f r o m o p e r a t i o n o f the g r o u n d
wa te r c o n t r o l program w i l l cause s u b s t a n t i a l problems. The chemical
compounds in t he g r o u n d - w a t e r a r e a n t i c i p a t e d t o be complex and t h e i r
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s t oo d i l u t e f o r d i s p os al by b u r n i n g and q u i t e expensive
t o t r e a t by f i l t r a t i o n . At t he same t i m e , i t i s q u i t e p o s s i b l e t h a t
t he c o n c e n t r a t i o n s woul d be s u f f i c i e n t l y h i g h as t o be u n f i t f o r human
consumpt i o n .
A p r e l i m i n a r y study o f p o s s i b l e t r a n s m i s s i o n l i n e s i t e s has been made and t h e p r e l i m i n a r y cos t e s t i m a t e s p r e p a r e d a r e based on p r o p e r t y
o r r i g h t - o f - w a y being a v a i l a b l e along the most d i r e c t ro u te . I t is
a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t a twenty f o o t r i g h t - o f - w a y w i l l be r e q u i r e d . The t r a n s m i s s i o n main would be c o n c r e t e p i p e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 18 inches in
d i a m e t e r . (See s e c t i o n on cost e s t i m a t e s . )
P r e l i m i n a r y t e s t i n g by the 3M E n g i n e e r i n g D ep a r t men t o f w a t e r f r o m t he S c h u s s l e r w e l l i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e o r g a n i c chemical compounds p r e s e n t a r e removed by f i l t r a t i o n through an a c t i v a t e d carbon f i l t e r .
Further study of the f e a s i b i l i t y of u t i l i z i n g this technique to treat
la r g e volumes o f w a t e r on a continuous basis should be undertaken.
I f the technique proves capable o f removing a l l o f the organic chemi c a l s t he t r e a t e d w a t e r c ou ld be u t i l i z e d i n c r e a t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g
a r t i f i c i a l l akes in t he a r e a o f t he Woodbury d i s p o s a l s i t e . P r e l i m i n a r y e x a m i n a t i o n o f t he Woodbury a r e a i n d i c a t e s s e v e r a l
p o t e n t i a l l a k e s i t e s . The most l o g i c a l s i t e s a r e those a lo ng the
n a t u r a l d r a i n a g e f rom the Woodbury s i t e t o t h e M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r .
These s i t e s a r e in Sec. 2 and Sec. I I , T 2 7 M, R 2 W. P o t e n t i a l s i t e s
a l s o e x i s t t o t h e n o r t h w e s t o f t he Woodbury s i t e i n Sec. 2 7 , T 28 N,
R 21 W.
3m 084362
H
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286024
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055800
The s u i t a b i l i t y o f these areas f o r l a k e development re quires f u r ther hydrologic investigation. A determ ination of the a v a ila b i lit y of a c q u i r i n g l and f o r f l o o d i n g and f i o w a g e easements sho u l d a l s o be made.
Many d e s i r a b l e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e g r o u n d- w a t e r to c r e a t e and m a i n t a i n a r t i f i c i a l l a k e s . The most obvious ones a r e c o n s e r v a t i o n o f t h e n a t u r a l w a t e r re sour c e by c r e a t ing usable re cre atio n a l lakes which w i l l a ls o recharge the underground a q u ife rs . I f recharge is accomplished p o te n tia l adverse interference e f f e c t s on i n d u s t r i a l and m u n i c i p a l w e l l s caused by pumpage from t h e Woodbury s i t e o v e r e xt ended p er i o ds o f t i m e can be h e l d t o a minimum.
Th ere should be an economic adv an tag e i n u t i l i z i n g t h e r eclaimed w a t e r t o c r e a t e l akes as r e l a t i v e l y l o w - c o s t f a r m lands c o u ld be con v e r t e d to d e s i r a b l e l a k e s h o r e , park o r i n d u s t r i a l p r o p e r t y . The re c l a i m e d w a t e r would a l s o be s u i t a b l e f o r most i n d u s t r i a l uses.
The expense o f land a c q u i s i t i o n f o r la ke c o n s t r u c t i o n , water treatm ent f a c i l i t i e s and water c o n tro l s t r u c t u r e s a re a n t ic ip a t e d to approximate the expense of a transmission lin e to carry waste water from the Woodbury s i t e to t he M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r .
15
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M. No. C2-04-6309
3M 084363 3MA00286025
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M MN00055801
The ground-water c on tro l program o u t l i n e d is one o f continuing
i n v e s t i g a t i o n and is f e l t to be r e a l i s t i c in v iew o f t he n a t u r e o f t he
problem.
The amount o f time d u ri ng which b a r r i e r o r removal w e l l s w i l l be r e q u i r e d w i l l be governed by t h e e x t e n t o f t h e a r e a c on tami nat ed and
the number o f w e l l s u t i l i z e d to c o n t ro l o r remove the contaminated
g r o u n d - w a t e r . As t h e program p ro gr e s se s and more h y d r o l o g i c i nf orma
t i o n becomes a v a i l a b l e , i t may be p o s s i b l e by c a r e f u l management p ro
cedures t o s u b s t a n t i a l l y reduce t he q u a n t i t y o f w a t e r which has t o be
pumped.
L i s t e d bel ow a r e t y p i c a l types o f w e l I s wh ic h w i 11 be r e q u i r e d
and c o s t e s t i m a t e s f o r each t y p e , As t h e program p ro gr e s se s i t may be
p o s s i b l e t o combi ne t h e f u n c t i o n s o f some w e l l s . An example would be
u t i l i z i n g w a t e r q u a l i t y t e s t w e l l s as b a r r i e r pumping w e l l s .
F u l l c o n s i d e r a t i o n has been given to a l l a v a i l a b l e h y d ro lo g ic i n '
formation during the preparation of the cost estimates f o r the pro
posed ground-water con tro l program. T y p i c a l G l a c i a l D r i f t o r P l a t t v i l l e Li mes t o n e Obse r v a t i o n We l l
S i x - inch d i a m e t e r - 100 f o o t a v e ra g e dept h Ten foot w e ll screen - 6 inch nominal diameter Estimated cost per well to include m aterials,
c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ...........................................................................
$1,700.00
T yp ic al . S.L__ P e t e r - S h a k o p e e F o rma ti on O b s e r v a t i o n Well
E igh t-in ch casing average 125' depth E ig h t-in c h open hole 200' Estimated cost per well to include m a te ria ls ,
c o n s t r u c t i o n , g r o u t i n g and d e v e lo p m e n t...........................................
$^,500.00
3M 034364 16
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-63D9
3MA00286026
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055802
ty p ic a l..Jo p lan .Sands.Qae-Q^servatiQn..Kel I
E i g h t - i n c h c a s i n g d r i v e n to Jordan f o r m a t i o n - *r30 f e e t S i x * i n c h c a s in g - 200 f e e t and grouted F o u r-inc h casing 230 f e e t and grouted T h i r t y f e e t open h o le, 8 inch diameter Estimated cost to include m aterials,
c o n s t r u c t i o n , g r o u t i n g and d e v e lo p m e n t...........................................
55,800.00
T y p i c a l H i n c k l e y F or ma t i o n 0 b s e ry a .f io n _WeL3
Twelve- inch c a s i n g d r i v e n to **30 f e e t Eight-inch casing - 200 feet Six-inch casing - 230 feet
S i x - inch open hole ' 30 fe e t Estimated expense to include m a te ria ls ,
c o n s t r u c t i o n , g r o u t i n g and d e v e lo p m e n t...........................................
$6,^00.00
T y p ic a l B a r r i e r _MelL - S hak o p ee F o rm a tio n
Twelve*inch diameter casing 125 feet
T w e lv e -in c h dia m e te r open ho le 200 f e e t Seven hundred g a l l o n per minu te v e r t i c a l
t u r b i n e pump, 200 f o o t T . H . F i f t y h .p . motor and part winding s t a r t e r E le c tr ic a l w irin g , discharge piping, con
c r e t e pump pad, f e n c i n g
$6,100.00
$5,500.00 SI r6 00 QO
$13,200.00
T y p ic a l Removal Well - Shakopee Formation
Twenty-inch diameter casing 125' Twenty-inch open h o le 2 0 0 ' One thousand gpm v e r t i c a l t u r b i n e pump
w i t h 2 1 0 Foo t T . H . S e v e n t y - f i v e h.p. motor and p a r t wincing
electric starter E l e c tr ic a l w ir in g , discharge piping, con
c r e t e pump p ad , f e n c i n g
$7,600.00
$6,500.00 $1,600.00
$ 15,700.00
17
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject lo Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084365 3MA00286027
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055803
OuanLi ta'ci ve T e s t Pumping and H y d ro lo g ic S tu d ie s
Q u a n t i t a t i v e pumping t e s t s i n c l u d e t e s t i n s t a l l a t i o n and removal and 72 hour t e s t s . See Motes 1 and 2 .
S i x (S $2 , 6 0 0 . 0 0
pump
G e o ph y si ca l Survey 3M Woodbury p r o p e r t y
C onstru ctio n o f an Analog mode) o f the
Woodbury s i t e , to i n c l u d e e l e c t r o n i c
equipment renta l and re port p r e p a ra tio n Consulting Hydrologic Services including
regional ground-water survey; super*
v i s i o n o f pumping t e s t s ; d e s i g n and
supervision of construction of observa
t i o n , b a r r i e r and removal w e lls
$ 15,600.00 $ 2,800.00 $ 4,400.00
$ 8 ,200 00
Mote ( I )
Mo p r o v i s i o n has been made f o r th e expense of water analysis or services of engineering
s e r v i c e s o f 3M Company p e r s o n n e l .
$3 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
( 2 ) P r o v i s i o n has been made f o r t e s t pumping
for water q u a li ty analyses of each a q u i f e r , as w e l l os q u a n t i t a t i v e pumping t e s t s . I t is a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t t h i s work would be done under the supervision of the Consulting Hydro logi s t .
W e l ls and Pumping Equipment Requirements
G l a c i a l d r i f t and P l a t t o v i M e lim est on e observation wells F i v e <S> $1 , 7 0 0 . 0 0
S t. P e te r- Shakopee observatio n well
One @ $ 4 , 5 0 0 . 0 0
Jordan observation w ell
Two < $ 5 , 8 0 0 . 0 0 - ..H in c kley o b servatio n w e ll - one
B a r r i e r production well - Shakopee f o r m a t i o n w i t h pump and c o n t r o l s Four <3 $ 1 3 , 2 0 0 . 0 0
Barrier production well - e lec trica l
m o t o r , pump and r e l a t e d equipment
( Tes t We11 l ) Removal p rod uct ion w e l l - Shakopee
f o r m a t i o n w i t h pump and c o n t r o l s Two <3 $ 1 5 , 7 0 0 . 0 0 Property acquisition for well sites
S i x a c r e s (3 $ 1 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 per a c r e
$ 8 ,500.00
$ 4,500.00 $11,600.00
$ 6, l00.00
$5 2 , 800.00
$ 7 ,000.00
$31,400.00
$ 6,000.00
$128,200.00
3M 084366 13
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286028
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055804
Water. Qi s pas a 1_Systern - Al te r n a te 1
Transmission of a l l water untreated to the Mississippi River
Wat er c o l l e c t i o n system on 3M p r o p e r t y
6 . 0 0 0 f t . (& $ 1 5 . 0 0 Water transmission lin e
30.000 f t . @ $15.00 Property acquisition for transmission
line right-of-way Tra nsmission main, manholes
100 @ $ 4 0 0 . 0 0 Cont ingcnci es
$ 90, 000.00
$450,000.00
$ 20,000.00
$ 40,000.00 $ - 7 0 rQ00.QQ
$670,000.00
Water Disposal System_-_A1 te r n a te 2
Treatment and u t i l i z a t i o n o f a l l water
pumped
Water c o l l e c t i o n system on j t i property
6,000 f t . @ $15.00
Treatment of waste w a t e r by a c t i v a t e d
carbon f i l t r a t i o n
$650,000.00
H y d r o lo g ic i n v e s t i g a t i o n s and lake
s ite property acquisitions
'
$ 90,000.00 $800,000.00 $ 1QQrQQQ. QQ
$840,000.00 - $ 990 ,000.00
O p e ratio n and Maintenance Expanses - Wells and R e l a t e d Equipment
Fi ve we I I s (E 50 h . p . Two w e l l s 0 75 h . p , Total h.p. requirement Power costs (annual) Maintenance and r e p a i r
$ 1 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 p e r month Operator - f u l l time Depreci a t ion Contingencies
2 50 h . p . L5Q h . p . 400 h.p. parts ..
Annual Expense
Ope rating and maintenance o f the_w ater tregtineat. -pJani
$ 32,000.00
$ 18,000.00 $ 12,000.00 $ 7 ,000.00
$n,6QQ-QQ
$ 82, 600.00
The o p e ra t in g expenses o f an a c t iv a t e d carbon f i l t e r plant o f 5,000 - 6,000 gpm c a p a c i t y would v a r y c o n s i d e r a b l y dependent on t he f i n a l des i gn ana e f f ic ie n c y o f the in s t a 1la tio n . I t is reasonable to expect the annual
expenses to be o f the o rd e r o f :
Annual Expense
$120,000.00 - $130,000.00
19 3M 084367
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286O29
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055805
SUMMARY - INVESTIGATIVE PROGRAM, WELL CONSTRUCTION AND ___ ______________WASTE WATER DISPOSAL-------------------------- -
Hydrologic investigat ions and
q u a n titative pumping tests
$ 31,000.00
Wells and Pumping Equipment
12B.2QQ.QQ $ 159,200.00
Alternate I - Water Disposal Direct discharge to river
$670,000.00
Grand Total (with Alternate 1 )................................................... $ 829,200.00
AIternate 2 - Water Disposal Treatment and subsequent u t i l i z a tion of a l l water pumped
$8A0,000.00 to
$990,000.00
Grand Total (with Alternate 2 ) .................................................... $ 999,200.00 to
$1,11+9,200.00
NOTE:
I f the Alternate 2 means of water disposal is u t i l i z e d , the
total cost would be reduced by the increase in value of the land adjoining the lake or by sale or re'use of the treated ground-water for municipal, industrial or other uses.
20
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084368 3MA00286030
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055806
CONCLUSIONS
(1) The chem ical wastes placed in the wet scra p d is p o s a l p it s at the Woodbury s i t e have p e n e tra te d to th e G l a c i a l D r i f t , S t . P e te r and Shakopee fo rm a tio n s, and p o s sib ly in tra c e c o n ce n tra tio n s in the Jordan g e o l o g i c f o r m a t io n a t th e s i t e o f T e s t W e ll 1 on th e 3M Company p r o p e r t y .
(2) The o b s e r v e d movement o f the c o n ta m in a te d ground-water i s w e s t e r ly
in the d ire c tio n o f p riv a te , m unicipal and in d u s tr ia l w e lls in the South S t. P a u l, Newport and S t. Paul Park a re a s. (3) The c h e m i c a l l y c o n ta m in a te d g r o u n d - w a te r i s o b j e c t i o n a b l e and may be a h e a l t h h a z a r d . C o n c e n t r a t io n s o f l e s s th a n 1.0 ppm o f i s o p ro p yl e t h e r , one o f the compounds p la c e d in th e w aste p i t s , can be d e te c te d by p r i v a t e w e ll owners.
(k) In o r d e r t o p r e v e n t u n c o n t r o l l e d m i g r a t i o n o f th e c o n ta m in a te d
ground-water a program to p ro h ib it fu rth e r d ilu t io n and m igration o f the chemical wastes is required, (5) The most p r o m is in g means o f r e c o v e r i n g th e c o n t a m in a t e d w a te r and c o n t r o l l i n g i t s m i g r a t i o n is by a s y s t e m o f removal w e l l s in the area o f high con cen tra tion and b a r r ie r w e lls around the perim eter o f the contam inated area. W hile te c h n ic a l o p e ra tio n a l problems
a r e t o be expected, they a r e not c o n s i d e r e d t o be p r o h i b i t i v e to
the s u c c e s s fu l o p e ra tio n o f such a c o n tro l system. (6) The g ro u n d -w a te r c o n t r o l program s h o u l d be c o n s i d e r e d one o f con
t in u in g i n v e s t i g a t io n . The exte n t o f the c o n ta m in a tio n has been explo re d in o n ly one d ir e c t io n . The s p e c i f i c h y d ro lo g ic co e f f ic ie n t s o f each a q u ife r a ffe c te d should be determ ined.
3M 084369
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286031
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055807
(7) Disposal of the water produced by the b a rrie r and removal wells w il l be a major problem. I t is anticipated that permission could be obtained from the proper au th o rities to discharge the untreated waste water to the Mississippi River i f a water transmission main is constructed.
(8) Preliminary testing indicates that f i l t r a t i o n of the contaminated water recovered by an activated carbon process w ill produce a high quality water free of organic chemicals. I f the water is treated i t could be used for industrial purposes or to create a recreational lake. Use of the water to create a lake is depend ent on the a v a il a b i li t y of a suitable s i t e .
(9) Should other private wells become contaminated by chemical wastes i t may be possible to supply the home owners with water for do* mestic use from shallow low capacity w ells. Water production would be from above the zone of contaminated water.
22
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M OB4370 3MAO0286032
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055808
RECQMEMQALIQNS
(1) A ground*water control program to prevent fu rth e r d ilu tio n and migration of the chemical wastes should be i n it ia te d immediately.
(2) The following studies should s t a r t immediately: (A) Conduct a regional well inventory and water quality survey. A water quality monitoring program on a regular basis at selected private wells should also be in it ia te d . (8) In s ta ll a water level recorder a t Test Well 1. (C) D r i l l Shakopee or Jordan formation observation wells at Test Sites indicated. (See Fig. 1.) The depth d r i ll e d to be de* pendent on the water analysis of the Shakopee formation at each s it e . (D) Upon completion of each test w e ll , conduct a 72-hour quanti t a t i v e pumping test u t i l i z i n g a l l ava ilab le test wells as observation welIs.
(3) D r i l l a minimum of two shallow observation wells at the acid waste disposal s i t e . Dependent upon the results of the test w ells, conduct a carefully controlled pumping test at the s i t e . This should be done prior to d r i l l i n g the b arrier well at this site.
(A) Conduct an e le c tric a l r e s i s t i v i t y survey of the areas surrounding the test pits on the 3M Company property. This survey to be undertaken in April or as soon as the fro st has l e f t the ground.
(5) An investigation should be undertaken at the e a r lie s t possible time to id en tify and determine exactly the amount of each chenr ical constituent present in water samples at Test Well 1.
(6) The potential health hazards associated with the contaminated water should be f u ll y determined. I f possible, toxic limits
3M 094311 23
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3MA00286033
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055809
should be established for each chemical id e n tifie d in water sam ples From the Woodbury s ite . (7) Preliminary design studies for a transmission lin e from the Wood bury s i t e to the Mississippi River should be in it ia te d . (8) An investigation of property a v a i l a b i l i t y fo r transmission line and lake development use including flowage easements should be in it ia te d . Permits for testing at observation well sites not on 3M Company property should be obtained immediately. (9) Property acquisitions should be confidential and completed as soon as possible. The potential economic advantage of the lake s i t e development program is largely dependent on obtaining land at a reasonable price. (10) I f lake sites are a v a ila b le , a hydrologic study of each one, in cluding soil borings should be undertaken a f t e r options for the site are obtained. (11) The economic and engineering f e a s i b i l i t y of u t i l i z i n g activated carbon f i l t e r s to treat the waste water should be investigated. Consideration should be given to in s ta llin g a p ilo t unit at Test Well 1 where the chemical concentrations in the ground-water are s ig n ific a n tly higher than a t the Schusster Well. (12) I f waste water treatment is determined to be economically and technically fe asib le, a study should also be undertaken to d e t e r m i n e t h e e c o n o m i c s of i n j e c t i o n wells as an a lte r n a tiv e m e a n s of disposing of the treated water. The inje ction wells would conserve the water resource, decrease interference with other
2U
Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v. 3M. No. C2-04-6309
3M 084372 3MA00286034
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M MN0005581
water users and, at the same time, decrease the pumping rate re" quired at barrier wells.
January, 1967
Respectfully submitted,
EUGENE A. HICKOK & ASSOCIATES Consulting Hydrologists Minneapolis, Minnesota
r1ehpeorretbvyvceer-rptirfyyvd.-m'.* :!-iyi.;iypSV0.n1-. uspecifimcavtitohnr.oocrt supwvi./ion V I y.i a duly Registered Pici'.' iiiCi:! 1 ;r under the laws of the
State
No_C2Z^Z
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Made Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Palmer v 3M, No. C2-04-6309
3M 084373 3MA00286035
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N 00055811
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1 ii
Mads Available by 3M for Inspection and Copying as Confidential Information: Subject to Protective Order In Painter v. 3M, No. C2-&4-6309
3M A00286036
C O N F ID E N T IA L - S U B J E C T T O A P R O T E C T IV E O R D E R E N T E R E D IN H E N N E P IN C O U N T Y D IS TR IC T C O U R T, NO. 2 7 -C V -10-28862
3M M N00055812