Document 8OeLKbbn1a4JDbDJNomerre0e

FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB) DATE: 1968 DOC#: CHAB057 OCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1964 by Buchanan and Holt, 1963 au ann depressed basal levels of methionine (I), leucine (II), isoleucine (III), and valine (IV). A significant neg. correlation was found between the glutamine (V) content of the free amino acid pool in the plasma of the alcoholics and the content of II, III, 1 IV, alanine, and phenylalanine. Following EtOH loading only the control group showed elevation of the V content of the free amino acid p >ol in plasma; elevation of proline, I, II, and III levels was found in the alcoholics. The hypothesis suggested by these findings is that a block in the V synthetase system exists in alco- _ holies. They apparently derive their endogenous V from another pathway, the keto acid analog of V. Katherine H. Fisher Fatal panmyelophthisis converting to subacute myelosis caused by benzene. Jirina Jindrichova, Vladimir Vortel, Antonin Fingerland, Karel Jindrak, and Ladislav Chrobak (Krajsky Ustav Xarodniho Zdravi, Hradec Kralovc, Czech.). Vnitrni j Lekar. 11(10), 995-9(1965)(Czech). Chronic CtHt poisoning was studied in a cobbler who had handled CeHe-contg. glues for many years. Prior to death, the signs of panmyelophthisis were accompanied by considerable hepatosplenomegaly and the ap pearance of young unripe blood cells in peripheral blood. After death, polarographic analysis of the blood, liver, spleen, brain,- and bone marrow disclosed curves closely resembling those of Ct- Ht. Other fatal cases of C6Ht poisoning are discussed. L. J. Urbanek Renal functional response to hydrazine and 1,1-dimethyl- hydrazine. Edward T. Wong (U.S. Air Force School of Aero space Med., Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Tex.). Toxi- ' col. Appl. Pharmacol. 8(1), 51-6(1966)(Eng). Intravenous hydrazine possesses a nephrotoxicity manifested by acute redns. in glomerular filtration rate and max. rate of renal tubular reab sorption of glucose in dogs. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine docs not have any adverse renal effect that is reflected in alterations in the. same parameters. RCZB Subcellular distribution of fluoride in navel orange leaves. Chong W. Chang and C. Ray Thompson (Univ. of California, Riverside). Air Water Pollution 9(11), 685~91(1965)(Eng). Tis sue from leaves grown in F-contaminated atm . was homogenized and fractionated by differential centrifugation in a sucrose soin, i Occurrence of F was in decreasing order in the following frac tions: cell wall, chloroplasts, HsO-sol. protein, and mitochon dria. Because of cross-contamination of chloropiast fragments and protein in the various fractions it was assumed that F ac tually accumulated in chloroplasts to a grc. iter extent than in th e . cell wall. Almost 60% of the total F in the homogenate was in the supernatant fraction. Negligible amts, of F were found in org. acids and sugars. C. K. Horner The biotransformation of o-tolidine. A qualitative investiga tion. H. M. L. Dieteren (Lab. N. V. Gamma, Borgharen, Noth.). Arch. Environ. Health 12(1), 30-2(1966)(Eng). It was demonstrated colorimetrically that men exposed to o-tolidine excreted unchanged o-tolidine and diacctyl-o-tolidinc. _ The presence of a hydroxyatnino compd. was indicated by the nitrous acid test of Sciarini and Meigs ( CA S3, 15382d) and the product was tentatively identified as 5-hydroxy-o-toIidine. Although it could not be demonstrated in this expt., monoacetyl-o-tolidine is a possible product. The metabolism of o-tolidine is thus very similar to that of benzidine in the human. 16 references. BFJN Iron metabolism during prophylactic saturation with CaNat EDTA, as measured by MFe uptake. J. Sroczynski, G. Jon- derko, and J. Watras. Arch. Maladies Profess. Med. Trav. Scurit Sociale 26(9), 465-74(1965)(Fr). The turnover of Fe was studied during prophylactic administration of CaNaj EDTA to Pb-poisoned animals. Plasma Fe turnover, erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin content indicated that hemolysis oc curred in Pb intoxication, with a probable inhibition of Fe incor-. poration into protoporphyrins. The prophylactic ability of EDTA probably involved the complexing of Pb, thereby in hibiting hemolysis and inactivating enzymes responsible for fixa tion of the metal in tissues, Carl B. Monroe Histochemical characterization of 6ome energy metabolism enzymes in the process of experimental silicotic connective tissue formation. I. M. Shnaidman. (Inst. Exptl. and Clin. Oncol., Karaganda). Arkh. Patol. 27(11), 34-40(19G5)(Russ). Ac tivity of redox enzymes (1) in connective tissue cells of silicotic nodules in exptl. silicosis evoked by intratracheal application of quartz dust was investigated. At the early stage of silicosis, e.g. 1-3 weeks after the quartz application, a high activity of I' was found. DPN diaphorase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, glycero phosphate dehydrogenase, and malic acid dehydrogenase were most active. The activities of isocitric dehydrogenase and suc cinic dehydrogenase were lower and the lowest were glucose-6-phos phate dehydrogenase and TPN diaphorase. As development of silicotic nodules advanced, the activity of I decreased until they completely disappeared. Development of pathol. collagen fibers in silicosis is assoed. with changes in I activity. L. Rexova The metabolism of cells (rat and guinea pig macrophages] phagocytizing dusts. Paul Gerhard Munder and Herbert Fischer o uu.osc-rorscn., o onderband. 6, 93-103( 1963)(Pub. 1965) (Ger). Previous work showed that the O uptake of cells was not immediately inhibited by their phagocytosis of silicogetiic dusts. New expts. using lung and peritoneal cavity macrophages showed that the phagocytosis of quartz glass, tridymite, or 2 forms of silicic acid only gradually slowed the 0 uptake of the cells. The results varied, depending on whether or not the cells were in cubated with the various dusts for 3, 7, or 10 hrs. previously. Tridymite produced certain cell lesions which differed from those produced by glass. Certain inert dusts did not injure the phago cytizing cells. The inhibition of lactic arid (I) formation in plia- gocytizing tridymite paralleled the production of cell lesions by tridymite. For both peritoneal and pulmonary macrophages, detns. of I indicated an inhibition of glycolysis (after several hrs.) which paralleled inhibition of cell respiration, In some cases, the inhibition of I formation occurred only after 3 days in phago cytosis of tridymite or glass. This effect probably resulted from the tendency of dispersed macrophages in the cultures to gradually assume histiocyte-like forms. These forms had diminished phago cytic powers. The change in the cells was reversible. If traces of lysolecithin (II) were added to the cell cultures, the cells re gained their ability to act as strong phagocytes. This result was attributed to the action of II on intcrfacial tensions in the cells. The action of II probably also occurs j'n vivo. W. C. Tobic The association of certain cancers with asbestosis. W. D. Buchanan. Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14lh, Madrid 1963(2), 617-19(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Persons with asbestosis have a 10-fold greater risk of developing lung cancer than the re mainder of the population. In Grcat Britain, chrysotile, croci- dolite (I), and amositc (II) are the main types of asbestos used. Both I and II contain Fe. In North America, I and II are less used and the assocn. with cancer is less evident. There is some evidence that pulmonary siderosis from Fe may be a factor in lung cancer. It is possible that I and II contain in common some compd. of Fe acting as a carcinogen. W. C. Tobie [Increased] excretion of 5-aminoievulinic acid produced by the action of lead. H. Gattner (Univ. Freiburg/Br., Ger.). In tern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(2), 633-4 (Pub. I964)(Ger). The levels of i-aminolevulinic arid (I) were detd. in the urine of normal persons and those exposed to Pb, as in the printing trades and the manuf. of Pb-HjSO storage bat teries. Normal persons excreted about 1000 y I/d ay v With 2000-3000 y/24 hrs., pathol. action of Pb was probable, and at higher excretion rates it was confirmed. Pb interfered with the enzymic processes by which I was converted to porphyrins. The resulting I which accumulated was thus excreted in the urine. The amt. of urinary I excreted paralleled the excretion of Pb iti the urine. Pb also interfered with the enzymic conversion of porphyrins (normally derived from I) into hemoglobin. The detn. of excess urinary I excretion was a more sensitive test for Pb poisoning than detns. of basophilia. Detns. of higher inter mediates in the biosynthesis of hemoglobin were also of confirma tory value. Detns. of creatinine output were of little value as indexes of the toxic action of Pb. Thus, increased urinary I excretion was highly specific for the toxic action of Pb in the body. W. C. Tobie New investigations in the histopathology of pulmonary silicosis. J. Abello (Inst. Nacl. Med. Higiene Seguridad Trabajo, Madrid). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(2), 65466(Pub. 1964)(Span). Pathol, and biochem. changes in silicotic lesions arc interpreted. Changes produced by injecting SiOj suspensions into the femoral artery of dogs are described. Sus pensions of SiOi in serum produce much greater tissue reactions if subdivided by the action of ultrasonic vibrations. The tissue reactions to SiOj are promoted by the hyaluronidase (I) which is present, so that the rapidity with which the lesions develop is pro portional to I concns. Degenerated and hyalinized protoplasm of smooth muscle fibers participate in the formation of silicotic nodules. The formation of such nodules in the reaction of the lungs of dogs to SiOs is described. The irritating action of SiOi on normal collagenous fibers appears to result in the production of a collagcn-SiOi complex which is involved in nodule forma tion. In human silicosis, the changes arc rendered less definite owing to treatment with antibiotics such as streptomycin and other antitubercular drugs. In dogs, silicotic pulmonary changes were modified by the use of exogenous I in conjunction with SiOj. W. C. Tobie ' Experimental asbestosis in guinea pigs. P. F. Holt and J. Mills (Univ. Reading, Engl.). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(2), G67-70(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Forms of asbestos of differing phys. and chem. compn. inhaled by guinea pigs gave different pathol. pulmonary reactions. Multinuelear giant cells in a rcticulin (I) mesh appeared. Later, groups of macrophages appeared in a collagen (II) capsule and II replaced I. Lung sections treated with fcrrocyanide soln. stained blue, showing Fc in the protein coatings <f the asbestos. Differences in the effects of inhaled crocidolitc and chrysotile are considered. W. C. Tobie