Document 8MQ93ZaqJnZdjOaNXM1MB5XB

I KAREN M. KRALL PITTSBURGH OFFICE SEE DISTRIBUTION September 15, 1995 RE: ASBESTOS AWARENESS TRAINING INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Attached is an update to the Asbestos Awareness Instructor Manual. Because slides were added, the page numbering has changed along with the Table of Contents. For this reason, the entire file is being sent Minor changes have been made to the new file for slide numbers 1, 21,22, 23, 29 an 47 to reflect corrections/clarifications that OSHA has made. Slides 28, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 48 have been added for more description. I KAREN M. KRALL KMKimlf (00108.DOC) Distribution: Mark Jackson, ATC Jodi Price, Arkansas Operations Anita Patton, Badin Works Steve Robuck, Cleveland Works Doug Dunbar, Cleveland Works Sid DeGarmo, Davenport Works Bob Slack, Lafayette Works Mauricio Bom, Pittsburgh Office - 20 Tim Fitzpatrick, Pittsburgh Office - 20 Joan Karas, Pittsburgh Office - 20 Denise Richardson, Pt. Comfort Operations Dan Pierce, Rockdale Works Susan McKinney, Tennessee Operations Barry Hopper, Vidalia Works Mike Brown, Warrick Operations Ken Karsten, Warrick Operations Chris Janzer, Wenatchee Works Attachment Q ALCOA ARD 002349 Asbestos Awareness Course Information ....................................................... Instructor Tips................................................................ Course Planning Checklist............................................. LESSON PLAN Sectioriii^Introduction...... ............................... Why Am I Here? (Course Objectives)........................... Agenda............................................................................ My Roles and Responsibilities........................................ i^^ib|i|Z^PotentiaI:HeaIth Effects .......................... . Routes ofEntry.............................................................. Chronic Health Effects.................................................. Conclusive Studies.......................................................... Health EfFects/Symptoms.............................................. Other Studies................................................................. Stop Smoking! .............................................................. Smoking Cessation Programs ....................................... Section 3. Identifying Asbestos ................................. Asbestos Was Used Extensively.................................... Asbestos at Our Facility................................................ Section;^:- -Overview of Requirements...................... Asbestos Standards-Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18 OSHA Construction Standard ...................................... Four Classes of Construction Work.............................. OSHA General Industry Standard................................. Changes in the Requirements........................................ Overview of Requirements ........................................... Permissible Exposure Limits......................................... Exposure Monitoring..................................................... Regulated Areas............................................................. Engineering Controls and Work Practices..................... Housekeeping Operations.............................................. Housekeeping Procedures............................................... Brake & Clutch Repair................................................... Waste Disposal Procedures............................................. Personal Protective Equipment...................................... Respiratory Protection.................................................... Hygiene Facilities and Practices..................................... Communication of Hazards............................................ Warning Signs and Labeling.......................................... Medical Surveillance....................................................... Other Asbestos management Practices.......................... Section 5. Job Specific Information.......................... Specific Job Requirements............................................. Wrap Up......................................................................... Asbestos Awareness Instructor Manual / June 1995 Table of Contents Page iii v vii 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-10 11 12 13-15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27-28 29-30 31-32 33-34 35-37 38-39 40 41 42 43 44 45-46 47-48 49 50 51-52 53 II ARD 002350 Appendix Course Forms (Attendance Sheet, End-of-Course Evaluation Form Assessment/Answer Key) Asbestos Awareness Instructor Manual / June 1995 iii ARD 002351 WELCOME/INTRODUCTIONS (ifparticipants don't know each other). EXPLAIN safety procedures (e.g... emergency exit, etc.) EXPLAIN why participants are in this training class - Or ASK them why they think they are in the class. ^Note: This program is designed for the 2-hour Initial Awareness training required under the OSHA Construction Standard (CFR1926.110I) for Class IV operations. General Industry (CFR1910.100I) regulations require Awareness Training, but no time element is specified. This program is designed to be supplemented with location specific data, i.e., areas where asbestos-containing materials may be encountered, job-specific information, etc. Refresher training is required annually (1 hour minimum under Construction Class IV; no time element under General Industry). This type of training is also required by Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18. Non-U.S. locations may want to delete/modify the few references to OSHA. \ TRANSITION: Why are we here today? What is this training session about? @1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002352 jJM Why Am I Here? >- What are the hazards of exposure to asbestos? >- What type of jobs/work areas may have potential asbestos exposure? >- What's required to manage asbestos? What are my responsibilities? >- What job specific procedures do I need to follow? You need to know the answers to these questions in order to work with asbestos safely. Foryour information: OSHA Construction Standard Class IV training must include: - methods ofrecognizing asbestos, including requirementforpresumed asbestos-containing material; instruction in recognition ofdamage, deterioration and delamination ofasbestos containing building materials - health effects associated with asbestos exposure; information on smoking cessation programs - relationship between smoking and asbestos - nature ofoperations that could result in exposure to asbestos, including importance ofprotective controls to minimize exposure - purpose, proper use, fitting and limitations ofrespirators - appropriate work practicesfor performing asbestos work - medical surveillance program requirements - content ofthe standard - requirementsfor signs/labels TRANSITION: The course is divided into 5 sections which includes a job specific portion. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 4/16/9S 2 ARD 002353 Agenda Introduction f Potential Health Hazards of Asbestos P Identifying Asbestos Containing Materials Overview of Requirements Job Specific Procedures Give the participants an idea ofthe course agenda Estimates--(please customize based on needs) Introduction (10 Minutes) Potential Health Hazards (20 minutes) Identifying Asbestos Containing Materials (15 minutes) Overview of Requirements ( 30 minutes) Job Specific & Hands-on training (45 minutes) (describe how you'll do this portion) These icons will be used to identify what section we're in. For example, as you can see, we're currently in the "Introduction" section. \ TRANSITION: First let's review what your roles and responsibilities are with regard to work involving potential exposure to asbestos. >1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 3 My Roles and Responsibilities / Ask questions if I'm not sure. Know the areas/tasks where I might encounter asbestos containing materials. Ensure safe work procedures are developed and followed for jobs involving potential asbestos exposure. / Wear protective clothing when needed. / Wear monitoring equipment if I'm asked, and make sure I understand what the results mean. Be actively involved in training. Ifyou're unsure whether a materia] contains asbestos, or ifyou're unsure about how to proceed when working with known or suspected asbestos-containing material, ask! Remember... unless you positively know otherwise, fibrous materials must be presumed to contain asbestos. Know what procedures you should follow to protect yourselfand to protect others by proper disposal of asbestos-containing materials. Know when to wear protective clothing and how to dispose ofit properly. Cooperate ifasked to wear equipment to monitor exposure to asbestos. When the results are provided, make sure you understand what the results mean. Ask questions ifyou're unsure. Take an active part in training. Ask questions when a point isn't clear. Share information based on your experience. We'll overviewwhat Alcoa is doing to protect you from exposure during Section 4, "Requirements." TRANSITION: Now let's move on to Section 2, Health Hazards. Ql 995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002355 ^Section 2: Potential Health Effects In this section, we'll review the health effects ofasbestos. Unfortunately, asbestos was used quite extensively priorto knowledge that it caused many harmful effects. Millions ofworkers were exposed occupationally between 1940 and 1979, and it is estimated that between 2 and 2.5 million are presently exposed. (US only) Also, significant exposures to the families ofasbestos workers have occurred as a result ofcontaminated clothing brought home from the workplace prior to our knowledge ofthe hazards. That's why such care is taken to wear and dispose ofprotective clothing properly. Non-occupational exposure to asbestos occurs in buildings where friable asbestos has been applied as an insulting material to piping, ceilings and walls. However, airborne fiber levels in such buildings tend to be more than two orders ofmagnitude less than recommended safe occupational exposure limits. Fiber levels may be higher following removal ofasbestos. ( TRANSITION: How can asbestos enter the body? 01995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S 5 ARD 002356 Routes of Entry Asbestos can enter the body in two ways: Inhalation (primary concern) Asbestos can enter the body if you inhale it, or ingest it The most important clinical effects of asbestos follow long term respiratory exposure. We'll discuss these effects in a minute. Ingestion of asbestos in drinking water or in the diet has not been reported to cause adverse health effects. Skin exposure may cause a local reversible irritant reaction (although not commonly). TRANSITION: The health effects of asbestos are chronic in nature. 1W5 AJcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S ARD 002357 2_ Chronic Health Effects The health effects from asbestos exposure are chronic in nature. The disease may not appear until 20 years following exposure. There are no acute (immediate) symptoms associated with inhalation of asbestos fibers. There may be an acute, reversible irritation associated with skin contact to asbestos. Asbestos diseases are chronic in nature. They have a long latency period-that's the time between exposure until harmful effects occur. The latency period may be 20 - 40 years. ^4 TRANSITION: There are many studies that confirm the harmful effects of asbestos exposure. 01995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002358 Conclusive Studies Studies have shown a direct association between exposure to asbestos and certain health effects. What are these health effects? Lung cancer Asbestosis Mesothelioma Gastrointestinal cancer Ask: Does anyone know someone who has had any ofthese diseases as a result ofexposure to asbestos? How did it affect their life? The strange thing about asbestos is it doesn't affect everyone the same way. Some people who have had very little exposure have had problems, while others with relatively high exposures have not. The exposure limits established by the government and Alcoa have been designed to protect nearly everyone. It's not worth taking a chance. Continue..... 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 8 iiHealth Effects/Symptoms Lung Cancer (not unique) - Chest X-Ray may show pleural plaques, calcification, or fibrosis. >- Latency period of about 20 years Mesothelioma >- Shortness of breath > Pain in the walls of the chest or abdomen >- Long latency period (30-40 years) Always fatal Lung Cancer - There is a relationship (dose-response) between development oflung cancer and exposure to asbestos. (This is not the case with the next disease on the overhead. Mesothelioma.) The higher and longer the exposure to asbestos - or in other words - the more fibers you breath, the more likely you are to develop lung cancer. Usually it takes about 20 years before the cancer occurs. Mesothelioma - rare tumor associated almost uniquely with asbestos exposure usually with a latency of30-40 years malignant Mesothelioma can develop after either high-level or low-level exposures (there is not a direct relationship between exposure and probability ofgetting Mesothel ioma) has been seen in spouses and children ofasbestos workers whose only exposure resulted from contaminated work clothing brought into the home highest (but not only) risk has been associated with exposure to crocidolite, a type ofasbestos typical symptoms include chest pain, dyspnea (shortness ofbreath), weight loss and cough fatal Continue.___ Cl995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002360 Health Effects, cont'd. Asbestosis >> Shortness of breath (even at rest in later stages) >- Coughing >- Fatigue Often a progressive disease In severe cases, death may result from respiratory or cardiac failure Gastrointestinal Cancers *- No consistent dose-response relationship Asbestosis- latency period ofabout 20-30 years from first exposure onset ofradiographic changes often occurs before clinical symptoms like lung cancer, but unlike Mesothelioma, there appears to be a correlation between the amount offibers inhaled and the probability ofgetting the disease, asbestosis. Typical signs/symptoms: progressive shortness ofbreath, cough (with or without sputum). Tightness ofthe chest may also occur. G199S Akoi Asbestos Awtmtcn 6/16/95 ARD 002361 Other Studies Exposure to asbestos has been suggested to cause increased incidence of other cancers: What are these cancers? Esophageal >- Kidney *- Laryngeal Pharyngeal >- Buccal Cavity [Optional Slide] The studies on these cancers are not as conclusive. ** Note: There is much disagreement on the carcinogenic effects of asbestos other than lung cancer and Mesothelioma. The list on the overhead includes those identified by the OSHA Standard where it has been suggested that such cancers may occur as a result of exposure to asbestos. You may see variations ofthis list in other documents, such as the Alcoa TEM1S document. *** Esophageal = throat; pharyngeal = voice box; buccal = mouth \ TRANSITION: The correlation between asbestos workers who smoke and end iws Aico Asbestos lung cancer is very strong, n ARD 002362 & STOP SMOKING! Cigarette smoking increases your chances of getting lung cancer by as much as 90% If you are exposed to asbestos, smoking cigarettes increases your chances of getting lung cancer by as much as 90% . One reason is due to "tired cilia" - Cilia are tiny hairs that have a thrashing motion which helps filter contaminants from getting into the lungs. In smokers, these cilia do not function very well and therefore, more fibers make their way deep into the lungs. Another reason is the combined effects ofasbestos and other carcinogens in cigarettes, such as PAH's (polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons). Studies suggest that cessation of smoking will reduce the risk of lung cancer for a person exposed to asbestos, but will not reduce it to the same level of risk as those who never smoked. It makes good sense to STOP SMOKING. That includes cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking. TRANSITION: If you are interested in quitting the habit, assistance is available through the medical department. 1995 Aka* Asbestos Awareness 6/14/95 12 Our Medical Department would like to help you butt out! ^Add specific information for your location, or data you might have available on success rates ofsmoking cessation programs. ^4 TRANSITION: More information on smoking cessation programs is available from these organizations. Cl 995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S ARD 002364 Smoking Cessation Programs For more information_______ O National Cancer Institute Call 1-800-4-CANCER G American Cancer Society Call 404/320-3333 "Great American Smokeout" every November G American Heart Association Call 214/750-5300 G American Lung Association Call 212/245-8000 G Office on Smoking and Health Rockville, MO [Optional Slide] National Cancer Institute - Operates a toll-free Cancer Information Service with trained personnel to help you. - Call 1-800-4-CANCER to reach the CIS office serving your area - Write Office ofCancer Communications, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes ofHealth, Bid. 31 Room 10A24, Bethesda Maryland 20892 American Cancer Society - Voluntary organization - Helps people learn about the health hazards ofsmoking and become ex-smokers: - "Great American Smokeout" in November - Annual Cancer Crusade in April - Numerous Educational Materials - Write: 3340Peachtree Rd., N.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30026 -Call: 404-320-3333 Continue.... 1995 Akot Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 14 ARD 002365  American Heart Association - Voluntary organization - Produces a variety ofpublications and audiovisual materials about the effects ofsmoking on the heart including a guidebook for incorporating a weight-control component into smoking cessation programs. -Call 214-750-5300 - Write: 7320 Greenville Ave, Dallas, Texas, 75231 American Lung Association - Voluntary organization - Conducts numerous public information programs about the health effects ofsmoking - Actively supports legislation and information campaigns for nonsmokers' rights and provides help for smokers who want to quit -Write: 1740 Broadway, New York, New York, 10019 - Call: 212-245-8000 Office on Smoking and Health - Lead agency ofDept, and Health & Human Services in smoking control - Sponsors distribution of publications on smoking-related topics - Consult local directory for listings oflocal chapters - Write: U. S. Dept ofHealth and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Park Bldg, Room 110, Rockville, Maryland 20857 ^4 TRANSITION: Any questions about potential health effects before we move on to the next section? 19*5 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 15 ARD 002366 A Section 3: Identifying Asbestos TRANSITION: In tliis section, we'll review how to identify asbestos containing materials. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness &/J6/95 U ARD 002367 Asbestos was Used Extensively Used extensively until 1980 in: / Fireproofing structures Thermal insulation systems / Plaster Acoustical surfacing / Floor and ceiling tiles Brakes, clutches, etc. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. Unless positively known otherwise, assume these types of materials constructed prior to 1980 contain asbestos.* The term asbestos includes several minerals: chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite, as well as any ofthese minerals which have been chemically treated and/or altered. Asbestos containing materials (ACM) are those which contain 1.0% asbestos by weight Asbestos has found widespread industrial use due to its heat resistance and durability: greatest quantity use in asbestos-cement products for roofing, building and water pipes widely used in insulation and fireproofing (pipe covering; sprayed-on walls, ceilings) asbestos textiles-fire-protective clothing, fire barriers, oven and autoclave packing asbestos paper-millboard, roofing felts, wall coverings, engine gaskets, cooking mats continues to be an important component ofauto brake linings, clutch facings, pipeline gaskets ' in the past, used to produce shingles, sidings and floor tiling (no longer common practice) "Presumed asbestos-containing materials" (PACM) refers to any fibrous material you are not sure about (such as fiberglass, and refractory ceramic fiber (RCF). Unlessyou positively know otherwise, assume that it contains asbestos. Although asbestos-containing materials may have been installed in small quantities after 1980, according to U. S. OSHA, their installation is unlikely after that date. (Other countries will need to check their sources on this.) TRANSITION: Where are you likely to encounter asbestos containing materials at our location? 61995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 17 Asbestos at Our Facility Add location specific information: Listjob tasks where potential asbestos exposure could occur. If possible, take pictures (and make into slides) of the processes, showing where the asbestos is and what the asbestos containing product looks like. Add location specific information which describes the nature ofthe work which may result in potential asbestos exposure. It is highly recommended that you addpicture slides which illustrate where the asbestos is located and what the asbestos containing products look like. Also, how to recognize damage, deterioration, and delamination ofasbestos containing materials. Rockdale has put together an Employee Handbook which contains pictures of asbestos containing materials likely to befound at the plant, how these materials are labeled, etc. Ask: Are there any questions about where asbestos may be found at the plant, or what jobs you might get involved with where asbestos could potentially be present? Ask: What type of activities off-the-job might involve potential exposure to asbestos? Ask: What should you do in the event that you encounter asbestos exposure off-the-job? (Perhaps some things you leam in class today could be applied at home; for big jobs, call a certified contractor--don't put yourself and your family at risk.) TRANSITION: In the next section, we'll overview the requirements of the AIcoa/OSHA standards. 1W5 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 4/16/95 ARD 002369 m Section 4: Overview of Requirements This section will present an overview of the general requirements (Both Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18 and the OSHA General Industry and Construction Standards). ** Note that the Alcoa Engineering Standard and the OSHA Standards are very detailed, particularlyfor the Type I, II, and III Construction Work. It is not the intent ofthis training module to go into all the detail. Copies of the OSHA Standards (and Appendices) and Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18 are available. (Explain where or how to get them. Note that the Engineering Standard is currently undergoing revision.) 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 19 Hftam Asbestos Standards O Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18 Scope: Applies to Alcoa locations worldwide. >- Mandatory Standard *- Tracks U. S. OSHA Standards closely M & There are special provisions allowedfor non-U.S. locationsfor the Alcoa Engineering Standard so that these locations can apply the Standard according to their local conventions and also a practical approach. You don't need to go over this with the class, but as art instructor, you should be aware ofit in case questions arise. Explain how employees can get a copy ofthe Engineering Standard. \ TRANSITION: The OSHA regulations for Asbestos have recently been updated. Let's take a quick look at the recent changes in the OSHA regulations and what they mean for us. 01995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/1 (i/95 20 ARD 002371 Asbestos Standards 0 OSHA Construction Std (1926.1101) Scope: Broad application; includes activities that intentionally remove/disturb asbestos. Removal, repair, demolition and salvage, encapsulation, etc. * Construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, renovation >- Installation of new products containing asbestos >- Emergency clean up of spills >- Storage, transportation, disposal, containment of and housekeeping activities Continue____ Coverage under the OSHA Standards are based on the type ofactivity, e.g., most Alcoa locations are covered by the construction standard and in some cases, the general industry standard in addition to construction. Construction examples: electrician is installing cable above a suspended ceiling which contains asbestos - using asbestos in the manufacturer ofingot Describe in simple terms the type ofactivities atyour location which wouldfall under the construction standard. Note to MSHA plants: where OSHA has made rules andMSHA doesn 't have the same rules, MSHA can impose the OSHA rules ifthey deem necessary. ** Explain how employees can get a copy ofthe OSHA Standards and the Appendices. TRANSITION: OSHA further defines 4 classes of work under the Construction Standard. These classifications further define training requirements and work practices which must be followed. G199S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 21 ARD 002372 0 OSHA Construction Std (1926.1101), cont'd. Involve removal: Class I - TSI and surfacing material Class II other materials (e.g., floor tile, roofing panels, etc.) Do not Involve removal: Class III - repair and maintenance work where ACM or PACM are likely to be disturbed * disturbancemeans"disruptthematrix" Class IV - maintenance and custodial work (including disposal) that involve contact with ACM or PACM * Removal vs. Disturbance vs. Contact ACRONYMS: - ACM = asbestos containing material - PACM " presumed asbestos containing material (unless you positively know otherwise, fibrous materials must be presumed to contain asbestos.) - TSI = thermal system insulation - Lft = linear feet - ft2 = square feet Coverage under the standard is based on the nature of the work: Class I - involves ACM or PACM removal of TSI and surfacing materials (such as sprayed or troweled materials). These are generally the larger jobs, (>25 Lft or 10 ft2; or > than standard asbestos waste bag or glove bag). Class II - involves removal of asbestos-containing materials that are not TSI or surfacing. Examples: roofing panels, floor tiles, (>25 Lft or 10 ft2 or > standard waste or glove bag). Class m - involves mainly repair and maintenance where asbestos-containing materials or presumed asbestos-containing materials are disturbed (i.e., by being cut into). For example, drilling into transite panels, cutting into roofing or siding, gasket work where ACM is cut into (for the purpose of removal), (less than 25 Lft or 10 ft2, or less than standard asbestos waste or glove bag) Class IV - includes custodial and maintenance activities (including disposal) that involves contact with ACM or PACM as a result of constuction related activities. OSHA has recently changed training requirements for individuals involved in all classes. This Awareness training is specifically designed for employees who do Class IV work or are covered under the general industry standard. ^iTRANSITION: Some job tasks fall under the "General Industry" Standard. 01595 AJcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S 22 ARD 002373 Asbestos Standards a OSHA General Industry Std (1910.1001) Scope: Narrow application; includes activities that are not related to construction activities. Removal of brake linings/clutch repair - Exclusively for automotive industry >- Does not include forklifts, construction equipment, etc. (Construction Std.) / Manufacturer of asbestos Custodial work >- Moving furniture and accidentally smash a hole into a wall containing asbestos >- Buffing asbestos floor tile Coverage under the OSHA Standards are based on the type of activity, e.g., most Alcoa locations are covered by the Construction Standard and in some cases, the General Industry Standard in addition to Construction. &Describe in simple terms the type ofactivities at your location which wouldfall under the general industry standard. Tell the participants that they don't need to worry about memorizing what activity is covered by what standard--wejust want them to realize that both standards may apply at the same work site depending on the activity beingperformed and that each standard has slightly different requirements. Describe the how the specific procedures required by thesejob tasks are documented (e.g., standard operating procedures, JSA's, etc.) Explain how employees can get a copy ofthe General Industry Standard. TRANSITION: You might be wondering what the differences are between the "new" and the "old" requirements. C199S Alco Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ZJ ARD 002374 MlChanges in the Requirements What's the difference between the moidm and "new" ? Lowering of the PEL (permissible exposure limit) Changes in classification of asbestos work New training certification requirements More flexibility in methods of compliance New medical surveillance requirement New notification requirements New regulated area requirements _/ On August 10,1994, OSHA released final rules on occupational exposure to asbestos. These final rules amend the 1986 Asbestos Standards for General Industry and the Construction Industry. While there are numerous changes in this standard for asbestos applications, most operations are mainly impacted under the Construction Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101. This overhead highlights the major changes which we'll review in more detail. Lowering ofthe PEL [from .2 free to 0.1 f7cc, TWA; with no action level] Changes in classification ofasbestos work [i.e., new Construction classification is Class I, II, HI, IV. Used to be small scale, short duration vs. demolition.] Newtraining/certification requirements that tighten the requirements and lengthen training time, [dependent on work classification] More flexibility in the methods for controlling exposure. New medical surveillance requirements [may require including employees not previously covered], New notification requirements- notify OSHA in you change work practices, e.g., ifyou vary from using a negative pressure enclosure. New regulated area requirements- expanded under Construction Standard (e.g.. Always for Class I, II, III. Class IV if PEL or EL potentially exceeded.). \ TRANSITION: These are the major areas we'll be reviewing in this section ... 1955 Akoa Asbestos Awareness 6A6/9S 24 Overview of Requirements Permissible Exposure Limits C Regulated Areas Engineering Controls and Work Practices Housekeeping Procedures O Waste Disposal Procedures PPE, including Respirators O Hygiene Facilities O Communication of Hazards Medical Surveillance Other Management Practices These are the major areas which we'll be reviewing in this section. * We are all accountable to follow safe work procedures in these areas. TRANSITION: Let's start with reviewing the occupational exposure limits for asbestos. 01WS Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S 25 ARD 002376 Permissible Exposure Limits PEL = 0.1 f/cc [fiber per cc of air] as an 8 hour TWA [time weighted average] EL (Excursion Limit) = 1.0 f/cc averaged over 30 minute sampling period Asbestos fibers are microscopic in size. One asbestos fiber per cc is comparable to one blade of grass on a football field. So one tenth of an asbestos fiber per cc would be comparable to one blade of grass in an area as big as ten football fields. An 8 hour Time Weighted Average means that the sampling time is averaged over an 8 hour workday. The OSHA standards are based on an 8 hour day. Excursion limit means that this level may not be exceeded for any 30 minute period. w For your information, the average person breathes 20 m3/day or 0.8 m3/hour. \ TRANSITION: We conduct Industrial Hygiene Monitoring to check to see what levels of asbestos are generated during specific job tasks. ClWS Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 26 ARD 002377 m Exposure Monitoring 9 / Why it's done When it's done How it's done How results will be communicated Past findings Why it's done - to protect employees by determining what the actual levels of exposure are. Please cooperate if you are asked to wear a sampling pump. When it's done - 8 hour TWA and 30 minute Excursion Limit monitoring Periodic monitoring when exposures are expected to be greater than the PEL Monitoring at intervals sufficient to determine that the exposure assessment is still valid. How it's done - Very briefly - Air samples are taken to mimic a person's breathing. The filter is examined under a microscope and the number of asbestos fibers counted. Insert pastfindings ofmonitoring at this location. How can we control exposures to these very low limits? Let's review the main elements of the standard, starting first with Regulated Areas. 01995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 27 ARD 002378  J Exposure Monitoring Objective Data - data to conclude that an activity will not exceed PEL require basic statistical analysis or assessment based on reasonable potential for fiber release Annual monitoring required for jobs involving significant amounts of TSI and SM Initial exposure assessment must be based on jobsite monitoring unless a NEA made NEA = Negative Exposure Assessment If an employer has monitored certain jobs in the past and has collected sufficient data to conclude that an activity will not result in fiber levels in excess of the PELs even when Improper work practices and lesser trained personnel are used, K may be concluded that the objective data criteria have been met, in which case, further monitoring is not required. "Objective data" determinations require basic statistical analysis. At the least the prior data depended on cannot be the result of chance. Data reflecting the results of many jobs and/or employees are likely to provide adequate data on which to base "objective data" determinations. The extent to which objective data documents the effectiveness of controls will vary depending upon the potential for fiber release. A job with very low exposures, for example, less than 0.01 f/cc, with simple work practices and little potential for control failure, will need minimal data. However, due to the high potential for fiber release from thermal system insulation and surfacing ACM, OSHA has found that the objective data exemption from monitoring of Class I operations may not be relied on, regardless of the control method used. Annual monitoring is required to assure the continued effectiveness of control of fiber levels in jobs involving removal of significant amounts of thermal system ACM and surfacing ACM. OSHA has not specified the number of personal monitoring data points required to make these determinations. Rather, it relies on the training and experience of the competent person to use good judgment in assessing each operation to determine the ability of the data to predict potential exposure of workers in that specific job. >1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002379 Regulated Areas Refers to: Any work area with a reasonable possibility of exceeding the PEL or EL, or Areas where Class I, II and III asbestos work is done, or Adjoining area where asbestos waste and debris accumulate Regulated area needed for Class I, II and III work and also for Class IV work where the PEL may be exceeded or where ACM waste/debris may accumulate. At Alcoa the need for regulated areas under under Construction Class IV work is not typical (i.e., for the normal Class IV jobs at Alcoa, the PEL or EL will likely not be exceeded and we generally dispose of waste and debris immediately). If work is performed by properly trained and informed workers in areas where no other workers have access, then a regulated area does not have to be established. Cl 995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 29 ARD 002380 Ja Regulated Areas. confd. Requirements: Marked Limited access (authorized only) / Respirators used No smoking, eating, drinking, chewing gum or tobacco, or applying cosmetics Supervision of work by competent person These are the requirements of work within the regulated area. TRANSITION: Engineering Controls and Work Practices are another important asbestos control mechanism. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 30 Engineering Controls and Work Practices ^Requirements Vacuum cleaners, local exhaust with HEPA filters Wet methods or wetting agents unless infeasible (e.g., electrical hazards) Prompt cleanup and disposal of wastes in Ieak4ight containers HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter Use vacuum cleaners or wet methods to clean up asbestos to avoid creating dust. Promptly clean up spills or wastes. ^ Hands-on training is not requiredfor Class IV work but we recommend that you consider devoting some ofthe required two hours training time to hands-on training to demonstrate proper work practices (See Job Specific section). \ TRANSITION: What are some specific work practices to avoid? >1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002382 jBLControls and Work Practice No-No's X High speed abrasive disc saws without LEV or enclosures without HEPA exhaust X Compressed air to remove asbestos (unless used in conjunction with enclosed ventilation system) X Dry sweeping or other dry cleanup methods Employee rotation as the way to reduce exposure levels These are unacceptable work practices. Stress that employees are NOT to dry sweep asbestos or use dry cleanup methods since this creates airborne fibers which are hard to control, and can thus be inhaled. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 32 ARD 002383 Housekeeping Operations Housekeeping covered in all standards custodians in public and commercial building = General Industry related to construction activity = Construction examples - cleaning up debris from cable running above suspended ceiling; sweeping; mopping; dusting; cleaning; vacuuming of ACM/PACM; stripping/buffing of flooring OI99S Akoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 33 ARD 002384 G1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 34 ARD 002385 Housekeeping Procedures a HEPA vacuuming equipment Special floor care for vinyl and asphalt tile - Sanding prohibited - Stripping wet methods, low abrasion, low speed - Burnishing, dry buffing - pad can't contact ACM Proper waste disposal A HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is required for vacuum equipment so that the fibers cannot escape into the environment. w Add location-specific information about how to get the HEPA filter vacuum. Floor care regulations: - Sanding is prohibited - Stripping finishes - use wet methods, low abrasion pads and slow speeds - Burnishing or dry buffing permitted when the pad does not come in contact with the asbestos (We normally accomplish this with special products used during bumishing/buffing.) - ACM flooring that is visibly deteriorated may not be swept or dry dusted. Use HEPA vacuum. There are some additional special requirements which depend on the specific type of work. * Cover decontamination procedures in the Job-Specific section. Continue.... Cl 99S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 35 ARD 002386 / Maintain surfaces free of accumulations of ACM dust and waste Clean spills and releases ASAP / HEPA vacuuming / shoveling, dry sweeping, dry clean-up only where wet cleaning or vacuuming not feasible / Dust/debris in an area with TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM, or visibly deteriorating ACM X cannot be dusted or dry swept / vacuum with HEPA filter C199S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S 36 ARD 002387 Housekeeping Procedures Housekeeping, cont'd. X Do not use compressed air Dispose of contaminated materials in labeled, closed impermeable bags/containers Care of ACM flooring material: X sanding prohibited strip using low abrasion pads, <300 rpm; wet methods burnish or dry buff only on floors with sufficient finish so pad cannot contact ACM CIW5 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 37 ARD 002388 m. Brake and Clutch Repair General Industry Preferred methods low pressure/wet cleaning NPE/HEPA vacuum system Equivalent methods (can be used with proper work practices) (need written procedures) solvent spray wet methods Infrequent work (five or fewer per week) wet method is "preferred method" < Exposure monitoring does not have to be conducted foi preferred or equivalent methods Solvent spray used to first wet brake/clutch parts; wipe dean with a cloth; contaminated cloth in proper container/proper disposal or laundered in a manner to prevent >PEL; immediate cleanup of spilled solvent or dispersed asbestos. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002389 Brake and Clutch Repair General Industry Prohibited methods - use of compressed air to remove asbestos residue from surface of brake drum - use of a dry brush - use of wetted brush as only wet method control Acceptable Methods A special HEPA vacuum system is available in limited wheel sizes to control airborne asbestos. However, its use can be limiting to mechanics and it can be costly. A compressed air hose fitted at the end with a bottle of solvent can be used to loosen the asbestos-containing residue and to capture the resulting airborne particles in the solvent mist The mechanic should begin spraying the asbestos-contaminated parts with the solvent at a sufficient distance to ensure that the asbestos particles are not dislodged by the velocity of the solvent sprayer. After the asbestos particles are thoroughly wetted, the spray may be brought closer to the parts and the parts may be sprayed as necessary to remove grease and other material. The automotive parts sprayed with the mist are then wiped with a rag which must then be disposed of as asbestos. Rags should be placed in a labeled six (6) mil plastic bag or other container while they are still wet This ensures that the asbestos fibers will not become airborne. A variant of this compressed air/solvent mist process offers advantages over the compressed air/solvent mist technique discussed above, both in terms of costs and employee protection. The variant involves the use of spray cans filled with any of several solvent cleaners commercially available from auto supply stores. Spray cans of solvent are inexpensive, readily available, and easy to use. These cans will also save time because no solvent delivery system has to be assembled; i.e., no compressed air hose/mister ensemble. OSHA and Alcoa believe that a spray can will deliver solvent to the parts to be cleaned with considerably less force than the alternative compressed air delivery system described above, and will thus generate fewer airborne asbestos fibers than the compressed air method. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S ARD 002390 Waste Disposal Procedures What to collect: J Scrap, waste, debris Bags, containers / Equipment Clothing What to do with them: / Double lined bags / Follow location procedures / Special landfills X Do NOT put in regular trash! The material must be disposed of promptly and properly in double lined bags and in a certain type of landfill so that the fibers don't leach into our drinking water or become airborne. Waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment and clothing contaminated with asbestos consigned for disposal, shall be collected, recycled and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags or other closed impermeable containers. Proper disposal includes: Insert location-specific information on how to dispose ofACM, PACM. The waste must go to special landfills. NEVER put ACM or PACM into the regular trash under any circumstances. TRANSITION: Next, we'll review personal protective equipment. ClWS Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6116/95 ARD 002391 BLJ Personal Protective Equipment 41 Protective clothing required when exposure is at or above the PEL of 0.1 fiber/cc for all classes of work Respirators required for all classes of work when exposure may be at or above the PEL Protective clothing, such as respirators and coveralls, is required when exposures may be at or exceed the PEL. Provide location-specific information - Will the trainingparticipants need to use protective clothingfor the type ofwork they do? Ifso, what type ofprotective clothing usedfor what, how to obtain it, etc. What ifthe employee is not required to wear protective clothing, but prefers to wear it? TRANSITION: How do we know what type of respirator to use? CI99S Akoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 41 ARD 002392 jl Respiratory Protection Type of respirator based on exposure potential Location specific information: Location Respirator Program Types of respirators used based on Jobs/exposures How to obtain respirators Employee can "upgrade" to PAPR You may choose to replace this slide with a location-specific slide indicating the types ofjob tasks where respirators may be required, the exposure level (ifknown), andthe type ofrespirator required. Describe howyour location addresses issues when employee may wish to wearrespiratoreven though not required. Employees medically unable to wear respirator must be given equivalent assignment ifavailable. Fit testing required every 6 months for anyone wearing a respirator due to asbestos exposure (otherwise 12 months). Fit testing is done to ensure the respirator fits properly to ensure adequate protection. Respirator Selection based on potential exposure: TYPE Nqp-disposable half mask w/HEPA Full face w/HEPA PAPR w/HEPA Continuous flow supplied air Full face pos. press, demand supplied air as above w/ auxiliary SCBA FACTOR x PEL 10 50 100 100 1000 unknown or>1000 \ TRANSITION: Hygiene facilities and practices are also required. C199S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 42 Hygiene Facilities and Practices For Class IV work - When exposure exceeds the PEL J Equipment room Lunchrooms / No smoking in work area Where the PEL is exceeded, an equipment room (clean room) must be established adjacent to the regulated area, and appropriate listed work practices and clean up procedures followed. Notice the overhead says for Class IV Work when the PEL may be exceeded. These requirements exist for all Class I, II and m work regardless of exposure. This is done so that we don't take asbestos home on our clothes and expose our families. Smoking is not allowed. Obviously, you can't wear a respirator and smoke, and you risk ingesting fibers. Besides, you shouldn't be smoking anyway! TRANSITION: There are also requirements for communicating the potential hazards of asbestos. Cl 99S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S 43 ARD 002394 Communication of Hazards Information and Training /Asbestos Standards available /Type and length of required training dependent upon type of asbestos work Warning Signs Product Labeling There are various ways to communicate about the potential hazards of asbestos exposure. One example is this training program. Training is required on an annual basis for employees who are potentially exposed to asbestos. The type and length of training is dependent on the type of work. Copies of the Asbestos Standards (e.g., Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.18, OSHA Construction and General Industry) are available for you to review if you'd like. Another method for communicating potential hazards about asbestos is through warning signs and labeling. TRANSITION: The next slide provides more details about warning signs. 1995 Ako* Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002395 Warning Signs y Posted at entrance to mechanical rooms/areas containing ACM or PACM / identify the material and its location r,>^ v; - HJA'N Required wording for signs You would use warning signs on entrances to areas where asbestos containing materials are present, such as boiler rooms. Exceptions: You may provide the information on blue prints or diagrams (rather than posting signs) ifemployees who might enter the area are familiar with these blue prints or diagrams. You may label pipes, etc. with simply "Asbestos" or other coding system if employees are familiar with these methods for warning ofthe hazards. Signage not required ifACM/PACM is modified by bonding, coating or other means that can be demonstrated to prevent airborne concentrations below PEL and EL during foreseeable use. Signage not required ifasbestos content is less than 1%. TRANSITION: In addition to signs, products containing asbestos or containers with ACM or PACM waste must carry labels. Cl 99S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness i/16/95 ARD 002396 Posting and Labeling, confd. Labels Must be placed on all products and containers that contain ACM or PACM Must be clearly seen Required wording for labels You would find these labels on manufacturers products containing asbestos, waste bags with asbestos-containing materials, etc. Exceptions: Labels not required if asbestos content is less than 0.1%. TRANSITION: And employees who work with or around asbestos may be included in a medical surveillance program under certain conditions. Cl995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002397 Medical Surveillance Required for employees who: Are exposed at or above the PEL or EL for 30 or more days/year, Or Perform Class I, II or III work for 30 or more days/year regardless of exposure, Or / Wear negative pressure respirators Medical examinations must be performed by or under the direction of a licensed physician: Prior to an employee's assignment to an area where negative pressure respirators are used Within 10 working days of the 30th day of exposure when assigned to an area where exposures may be at or above the PEL for 30 or more days per year . At least annually after that. Or more frequently if: - Employee requests - Excursion limit is exceeded; for example in an emergency release of fibers. TRANSITION: In addition, here are some other asbestos management practices implemented at our plant. 1995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002398 m Medical Surveillance Reduction of requirements for two groups of workers occasional wearers of respirators comprehensive physical exam not required for NPR for Class I, II, III work for <30 days/yr. occasional Class II and III work below PEL 30 day requirement to exclude days in which less than one hour spent OSHA is clarifying paragraph (m) (I) (I) to reduce requirements for medical surveillance for two groups of workers. For the first group, occasional wearers of respirators, the more comprehensive physical examination required by the asbestos standards is not necessary for workers who are required to wear negative pressure respirators while performing Class I, II, or III work for less than 30 days per year. The second group are workers who perform Class II and Class III operations very briefly and occasionally, and are exposed below the permissible exposure level (PEL). The standard provides medical surveillance for all workers below the PEL who are engaged in Class II or III operations for 30 or more days per year. However, OSHA now clarifies that the 30 day requirement should be corrected to exclude days in which less than one hour is spent in Class II or III work when work practices that fully comply with the standard's requirements are followed. 199S Akoa Asbestos Awarenris 6/16/95 ARD 002399 AOther Asbestos Management Practices Recordkeeping Procurement Practices Contractor Selection [add other specific practices for your location] Recordkeeping Exposure monitoring Medical records Training records Procurement Practices: Notes on purchase orders Describe if asbestos is currently bought for any ongoing applications and what is being done to find replacements How are contractors used on asbestos abatement projects? Discuss any other asbestos management practices at your location that haven't already been covered. \TRANSITION: To Job Specific Procedures Section 01995 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness V16/95 ARD 002400 This section is location/job specific. After reviewing the questions on the next overhead, demonstrate how to do the things you've discussed (e.g., don protective clothing, use HEPA vacuum equipment, etc.). Have participants actively involved in the demonstrations and provide feedback to them. \TRANSITION: Here are some specific questions you may have... C199S Alcoa Aibotai Awareness MM5 SO Specific Job Requirements What should I do if I believe a material may be asbestos? >- What should I do if I'm aware of a accidental release of asbestos? >- Where can I get more information on how to perform my job safely? >- What other reference materials are available? * Provide specific information on who to contact ifan employee is not sure whether a material is asbestos. Explain that they may talk to their supervisor. Industrial Hygienist, Occupational Nursefor more information. Explain that in case ofan accidental asbestos release/emergency cleanup (not routine housekeeping): a competentperson (identify who that is at theplant) should evaluate the situation to whatshould be done based upon the type, condition andextendofdislodgedmaterial. Provide specific information (what and where) on written reference materials such as: Safe work instructions-JSAs or standard operating procedures Engineering Standard, etc. (Note: Alcoa TEMISdocument on Asbestos is beingdeveloped. Engineering Standard 18.18 is currently being revised) ^>4 TRANSITION: Do you have other questions before we go to the actual demonstrations? C199S Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/9S SI Specific Job Requirements This part ofthe training is highly recommended, but not required ifyou have already provided the information to meet objectives covered on page 2 ofthe Instructor Guide. * Describe how the hands-on training portion will be conducted. Demonstrate proper work practice controls. w Demonstrate proper personal protective equipment usage (be sure to cover Respiratory Protection if you haven't already done so: purpose, fitting, limitations as per 29CFR1910.134). TRANSITION: After the "hands-on portion" you can go to the course wrap-up. 1*95 Alcoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 ARD 002403 >- What type of jobs may have potential asbestos exposure? >- What are the hazards of exposure to asbestos? What are my responsibilities? What is the company doing to protect me from exposure? REVIEW the questions/summarize answers. ^ PROVIDE the optional quiz and review answers. THANK participantsfor attending. DISTRIBUTE and collect evaluation forms. DISTRIBUTE and collect the attendance sheet. File according to location procedures. NOTE -- Consider doing informalfollow-ups (orjob observations) with attendees to check their understanding and implementation ofthe safe work procedures outlined in the class and during thejob-specific hands-on portion. 01995 Akoa Asbestos Awareness 6/16/95 53 002404