Document 85bVYOdeeLXQ70dZOjxy8Lpx5

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois (OWILL) DATE: 1938 Oct 11 DOC#: OWILL074 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Patent - Combined Asbestos & Glass Fiber Yarn U. S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE United States Patent and T radem ark Office -A n ril 23, m ? Date) THIS IS TO CERTIFY that th annexed is a true copy from the records of this office o f II.S. P a te n t 2 , 1 3 2 ,7 0 2 . By authority of the COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS Certifying Officer. SR XR 2 132702 X'J.lS'H x*n< iR X 2 /3 sy Oct. 11, 1938. % D.c.s i m p s o n COMBIWCD ASBESTOS AND OUSS EIDER TARM f i U i May 22, 1937 2 ,1 3 2 ,7 0 2 -T l-5- Seaxcn | 1-------INVENTOR: S?I7?p?O fZ, 3 JF iB -g - I . iT T O R N E\ S . 'ir.r /u iLco , orinm iM u, //STING AND TWINING. 53 Patented Oct. 11,1938 2,132,702 f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,132.702 COMBINED ASBESTOS AND GLASS FIBER Donald C. Simpson. Newark, Obl, assignor to Owjjij.TilinoU Glass Company, a corporation Application May 22. 1937, Serial No. 144,247 14 Claims. (Cl. 117--53) The present invention is & novel combination fail apart. Merely reducing the diameter size of o( asbestos and glass fibers lor use In yarns, inter the glass fibers does not necessarily cure this woTeri cldfo. knitted articles, felts, or other fab ricated articles, particularly adapted for electri* . cal Insulation, packing material, gaskets, fric tion elements, heat Insulation, cements, fillers In fabricated boaras, acoustical insulation, battery separators, and various other uses. Both glass and asbestos fibers taken by them condition became, as the fiber diameter is re duced, so Is the radius of curvature around which fthibaerfsiboefrsthheavweatrop boreebbeennt.t aTrohuantdIsthteo fsiabye.rsthoef 5 the filler and If they are bent around a small enough radius of curvature, the fibers of the warp are cracked and broken. The same condition, of 10 tsheleviersahpapvIMe IInIdhAerleiniiti suhsoertmcominiSnIgfsitrwy natnedn cuommn bcoeunrtsaer,ooubntdaitnhse wfibheerns othfethfeibwerasrpo.f the filler are 10 merce. Asbestos, for example. Is composed of rel Another difficulty caused by the Inherent non- atively short and weak fibers which prevent them stretchability of the glam fibers. Is the concen % from being fabricated into strong yarns, cloth, tration of stresses induced In the outermost fibers I i3 and fabrics. Short asbestos fibers have not been a t a fold or flexure In the cloth. Tha glass fibers 15 fabricated into any type of yarn or fabrie with being more or less unyielding in and of them out the incorporation of organic fibers such as selves. prevent the load caused by a flexure cotton, or the tike, which serve to hold the short or creasing from being distributed uniformly asbestos libers together. Ptne w ins have also throughout the body of fibers to permit their full ... been used for this purpose. Both of these add!" tional components, however, have definite short comings and disadvantages, as, for example, tha coXmhbainveeddisstcroevnegrtehd ttoh abtothbaroaubgohvte minetontipolnayed. in 0 dividual shortcomings of th a asbestos and glass admixture of organic cotton fibers or the like fibers may be overcome by a combination of the immediately brings down the temperature or fire two. and th a t a superior product, having prop o, m istnnee of the fabric to that of cotton. The lncorporation of w ins, on the other bend, prevents erties superior to any of tha Individual properties of the ingredients, may be produced by a com 25 the use of the product ee an electrical insulation. bination of the two types of fibers. The use of metal wires or the like is slso Inferior An object of the Invention Is the provision of from the point of view of pliability, flexibility, a fabrie which is flexible, soft, strong, and com . . cthoest,meeatsael owfimreasnaunfdactthuerea,sabnesdtofse.ltabllHy between cphleetmeliycaflilryeprerosiosft,anfitr.e resisting, rot proof, and 30 Ordinary glass fibers slsn have serious short Another object of th e invention is the provision comings and limitations in their fabrication Into of a fabric composed of Inorganic fibers which woven fabrics. These limitations are generally may be fabricated Into felt or interwoven tape , , traceable to. the Inherent nonitretchablllty of ** glass fibers, the stretcbsbility being limited to one or two percent or so, according to the exact sttuointa.ble for electrical, heat and/or sound insula- 35 Another object of the invention is to utilize the fiber diameter, the type of glase, and the perfec softness, pliability and yteldability more naturally tion of the fiber. When a series of glass threads inherent in the asbestos fibers In combination with . are fed Into a conventional loom to form a warp. 40 the sudden stresses and loads Inherent in a loom glass fibers, which are much stronger and longer than the asbestos fibers. The individual glass -10 are concentrated in the tightest threads which fibers are sufficient)? fine and long so that they cannot carry the liitire load themselves and, may be intertwisted or lnterfelted with the as therefore, tend to break rather than stretch. bestos fibers to form strong yarns which may be Of course, whenever an end or thread breaks in a loom, the entire operation must be stopped and the broken end fed through again before the weaving may be resumed. A similar condition safely subjected to the rigors of a conventional loom. The asbestos fibers serve as cushions for 45 the adjacent glass fibers to assist In the distribu tion of loads throughout th e glass fibers, and to exists when ordinary glass yarns or threads are lend yieldablUty and pliability and strength to the <0 fed into the weft or filler of a fabric. Moreover, final fabric. 50 fabrics composed solely of glass fibers, especially In addition. If the gloss fibers have been Inter if made particularly sheer or thin, have consid twisted or lnterfelted with the asbestos fibers, erably less resistance to folding or creasing than this.arrangcment will prevent the Individual class ordinary fabrics. If the tabrle Is flexed to any fibers from being laid out in straight lines, but, gg degree, or creased, it tends to crack or break and on the'eontrary, will permit them to assume hell- 60 / 2 a,1 3 3 ,7 0 3 cal. spiral, or undulating paths which serve to provide a marked Increase in the stretchabluty and pliability tor the yarn and fabric produced thereby. s As another feature in the present Invention, It Is to be noted th at the asbestos fibers lying Interjacent the glass fibers are softer and' Inhibit mutual scratching and breakage of the gloss ftbera as they sre bent, flexed, or caused to move id relative to one another. Another feature of the present Invention which may assist in the ultimate strength of the fabric composed of glass and asbestos fibers. Is due to the fact that the asbestos material may be com IS paratlvely rough, and when composed of a mass of fine fibrous particles, may possess a number of outwardly projecting curled ends which assist in the interfelting and mutual seizure of the glass and asbestos fibers. Moreover, asbestos fibers SO appear to be more slippery and in this manner assist in distributing the stresses among the fibers more equally. Other objects end advantages of the present * Invention wilt become apparent from the follow* 5 ing description taken In conjunction with th e drawing, in which: Pig. 1 is an eievatlonal diagrammatic view of an apparatus adapted to produce yarns composed of asbestos and glass fibers; 3 0 Pig. 2 is a fragmentary diagrammatic plan view of a portion of the apparatus illustrated in pig. 1; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary eievatlonal diagram malic view of another form of apparatus adapted 3 to produce yarns composed of asbestos and glass fibers; Pig. 4 Is a fragmentary diagrammatical tie rational view of a modified embodiment of the present invention: and 4Q Figs. 5, 6, 7, g and 9 are fragmentary perspee live views of yarns or fabrics which may ba made in accordance with the present invention, and which will be explained more fully hereinafter. In practicing the present Invention. X may . . resort to various means and methods for com blning asbestos and gloss fibers into yam s and fabrics. I may also use various types of asbestos at. for example, short fibered asbestos which may be interfeited into a relatively hard yam . and it ,Q is also possible to use longer flbered asbestos which may be carded and felted into a softer, more pliable type of yam with the glass fibers, There are also various types of glass fibers which may be used, although I preferably use a fiber . . having a fine diameter, ranging In the neighbor hood of about .0001 inch to about ,0004 inch for softer, more pliable yam s and fabrics. Fibers having larger diameters ranging up to about one thousandth of an inch may also be used for cerr,0 tain products. Fibers having diameters ranging from about .00015 to .00025 Inch have excellent properties Inasmuch as they a r t extremely flex ible. and free from brash or skin Irritation, and, a t the same time, are not so fine th a t the cost o r 35 speed of manufacture is prohibitive. However, finer fibers than this, having even more flexibility and fellabtUty, produce excellent fabrics when compounded with the asbestos fibers. The length of the glass fibers also is Important, especially 70 since the asbestos fibers are limited In length and of themselves limit the mass Integrity and strength of the yarn. However, by using rela tively long glass fibers, *t Is possible to produce yarns in which the principal tension loads are 78 carried by the glass fibers aod sre distributed over a considerable length of these fibers. Ac- cordlngly, I preferably use glass fibers having average lengths at least about one Inch and preferably many Inches or feet, or even fibers which are theoretically unlimited in length, as 5 may be produced by certain methods of manu* facture. In producing yarns of combined asbestos and glass Abers. it is possible to pick them apart and Intermix them together with a carding machine 10 which serves to straighten out and comb the fibers and intermingle them with one another from where they may be fabricated into inter twisted yarns In which the fibers are more or less interlaced and bound up with one another, 13 the glass fibers providing the principal source of strength and fiber length, and the asbestos fibers providing the principal source of yield* ability and softness, and serving to distribute the stresses placed in the yarn so th at they may 20 be carried more or less uniformly by the in dividual gloss fibers. If desired, certain binders and/or adhesives such as starches, asphalt, waxes, latex, rubber,. gelatins, oils, synthetic resins, varnishes, shellacs, 25 stcarine. pitch, soaps, casein, cellulose derivatives. or the like, may be applied to the yarns in accordance with the particular purpose to which the yarns are to be put. The yarns may also be interwoven into fabrics having any desired con 30 struetton. and the fabrics may be composed of any desired number of plys. also In accordance with the particular purpose to which it is to be put as. for example, brake lining, packing or gasketing material, clutch facings, electrical in 35 sulatlon. battery separators, or the like. In compounding Ow fibers Into yarns. X may first produce a thread of glass fibers. The fibers of such threads may be formed, for example, by the method and apparatus illustrated and dc 40 scribed in the British Patent No. 4B2.Q8S. if desired, the yam formed of this type of glass fibers, which ore substantially continuous, may then be coated with a suitable adhesive or binder material and then coated with asbestos libers 45 which are introduced and combined with the glass yam by means of a dolfer belt upon which the asbestos fibers lie. In order to more perfectly felt the asbestos fibers over the glass yarn, it is sometimes desirable totwist the glass yarn simul 50 tancotuiy as it is being drawn past the dotTcr belt. Various methods of this type of incur poratlon, when used with cotton fibers, have been illustrated and described, for example, in the Heany Patent Nos. 1.155.812. 1,155.813, and 5S 1.071.676. A yarn made in accordance with Otis method is illustrated in Fig. S in which reference char actor 11 designates a yam composed of glass fibers having a covering 12 of lntermatted as- CO bestos fibers. I t Is also possible to use for the yarn 11 a glass stiver composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers which are more or less mutually intermatted. and which lie predominantly parallel with one another C3 although incompletely so. as illustrated and de scribed In the French Patent No. 814.149. Such a sliver of glass fibers m ar be coated with an ad hesive and have a body or asbestos fibers inter. mingled and Inter! cited therewith to produce a 70 yam in accordance with the present invention, As illustrated in Fig. 9. X may also produce yarns composed of combined glass and asbestos fibers by Intertwisting asbestos paper or felt 13 srilh 'th read s 14 composed of fine. long, glass 75 n K- / /*** .......... 9,132,702 fibers, here again the glass fibers serving to carry bestos fibers 33 arranged and combed In more the loud of the yarn as a whole, and the Inter or less parallel longitudinal position upon the belt twisted asbestos strip of paper or felt serving to 31, whereby they may be Introduced Into the web form a cushion for the glass yarn, which Is ordi 3Dof glass fibers and Incorporated therein to form narily nonstretchable. When using such a com a mutually Inlerfcttcd product of combined glass s bination for a friction element or fabric, it may and asbestos fibers. With this arrangement. It be desirable to pull the gloss threads so as to be will be noted th at prior to the Incorporation of embedded more or less Into the Intertwisted as the asbestos fibers with the glass fibers, the la t bestos paper or felt, leaving the asbestos fibers ter are open and in an arrangement facilitating 10 exposed more predominantly on the outer sur the incorporation of the asbestos fibers. From 10 face of the yarn where it may serve as the pri here the glass fibers are drawn or drafted lnt> mary friction element. a more compact yarn 33, the adjacent glass fibers Another method of Incorporating asbestos and being drawn together, closing up the Intervening glass fibers Into yarns Is Illustrated In Fig. 6 and spaces, and permitting the interjacent asbestes 15 Involves producing asbestos yarns or rovings 40 fibers to be seized and interfelted therewith in a 5 In the conventional manner and Intertwisting^.compact, mutually interfelted coherent yarn, those with the yarns Decomposed solely of glass_Tills yarn 33 Is then drawn through the trumpet fibers. Ordinarily, tfie asbestos yarns~ vtriiof 35 and wound upon the spool 29 from which it composed of pure asbestos fibers, especially if the may be unwound and If desired, twisted into a 0 asbestos is of the short fiber variety. In which more compact denser yarn. so case a small amount of organic fibers, such as If desired, a spray gun 35 may be provided at cotton, wool. hemp. Jute or the like. Is Incor any suitable point as, for example, over the web porated therein in order to provide strength to 30. In order to apply a suitable binder or adhesive the yarn during fabrication. In this event, the to the fibers of the finished yarn. S3 presence of the organic fibers does not hinder If desired, the yarn of combined asbestos and 25 the temperature resistance of the finished fabric glass fibers may also be drafted by suitable draft after It has been combined with the glass fibers, ing means and a plurality of the yarns, drafted for in this event the glass fibers are present and or not. may be Intertwisted to form ply yam may carry the tensile load even though the ortq ganic fibers may be burned out or otherwise de stroyed as. for example, by acid, rotting, or the like. In other words, the use of the organic fibers such as the one Illustrated In Fig. S. Referring now to Fig. 3. I have illustrated a 30 modification of the apparatus shown In Figs. 1 and 2. the principal difference being th at in the is principally for the purpose of assisting the apparatus Illustrated In Fig. 3 the asbrstns fibers fabrication of the article rather than being pres ent as a required element after the fabric has been completed. are distributed over the glass fibers as Uu-y lie in web form, prior to being drafted into a sliver. In 35 the drawing, reference character 49 designates a As another method of Incorporating asbestos glass filament or fiber forming apparatus adapted fibers directly In with the glass fibers to produce to produce a multiplicity of fine ObersDSby means a yarn. I may use the apparatus illustrated in 40 Fanig.a1ppinarwatltulcshfroerfeartetnecneuacthinargacatemr IuSltdipelsiicgitnyatoesf glass fibers by gaseous mediums, such as steam, air. or the like. This apparatus If may be con structed and operated In accordance with the dis- closure In the British patent applied for tor Trlggs, No. 423,720. Mounted under the forming appara tus 1 la a collecting device II composed of a traveling screen or perforated surface II. which muy be mounted upon an open ended bellow drum so if. revolving upon the shaft if. extending into and mounted within the drum If and underneath the upper portion of the screen n is a suction el .amber f t adapted to draw th e gases emanating from the forming apparatus IS and serving to u retain the fibers 31 in matted formation more fli-mly upon the screen II. a Mower or other suction means 33 may also be provided in con junction with the suction diamber 30 and serves to exhaust the gases from the chamber. no After the fibers have been arrested upon the belt or screen II In the form of a web SI, they are drawn therefrom into silver form or yam 3S through the trumpet or guiding device 3S. and then over the rotating spool SI where they aro GO collected into a package. The toll 31 may be used In order to change the direction of the yarn 33. although In practice this Is unnecessary. A traversing eye or trumpet SI may also be pro vided in order to traverso the yarn aeross the 70 spool 31 and thus form a uniformly built up package. Arranged under the web SOof the fibers as they are being drawn Into a silver. Is a dolfcr belt 31 leading from a suitable asbestos eardlng device jo (not shown) and conveying a multiplicity of as- of a gaseous blast emanating from the blowers 41. The gaseous blast carries the fibers down- 40 wardly and deposits them upon a perforated or forainlnous screen belt 41 upon which the fibers accumulate in Intcrmatted or web form. The gaseous blast passes directly through the screen belt 41 and Into a suction chamber 40 which may 43 be used to assist the deposition and retention of the fibers upon the belt 41. A blower B. com municating with th e chamber 41. may also be provided In order to exhaust the gases from the suction chamber. As the fibers 49 Ue upon the 50 belt 41 In the form of a thin mat or web 90. they may be sprayed. If desired, with a suitable ad hesive or binder by means of an applicator SI of any suitable design. In practice, the adhesive application may be made before or after depo- 65 sition of the gloss fibers Into web form, or dur ing the drafting operation Into sliver form. Mounted over the web SOto 0 feeder 93 adapt ed to deposit 0 multiplicity of asbestos fibers 94 In a layer overlying and partially intermatted 00 with the web SO. Tho feeder S3 may be of any suitable type, as a vibrating belt or the like. A hopper 99 containing the asbestos may be mount ed over the feeder S3; and the hood or chute St may also be provided in order to assure the 0 proper distribution and deposition of the as bestos fibers 94 upon the web 90. After the web 90 has been coated with asbestos fibers the mass Is drawn up and collected through 70 a trumpet 91 Into a sliver form, the Individual glass fibers tending to bo interlaced and inter mingled with the admixed asbestos fibers. .fYom the trumpet the silvers may then be OasjecT over the dlablo-shaped rolls 98 having a 75 91 tSV,a ' auo( `0,ni in pamrtmoo , 1*3* 4 2,132,702 cross-section exposed to the silver, fold the silver and compact it moro into the form of a strong. compact m here the yarn 51 may be passed inverse 60 and wound upon the spool form of a package. The ultimate i is a yarn composed of Intermingled bestoa fibers, which may be handled : the usual processes In the formation .ted yarns, ply yarns, and interwoven : now to Fig. 4 , 1 have Illustrated anodiment of the present Invention, produce yam s of combined glass and TS. awing, reference character IS desig n in g perforated surface, similar to il of Fig. 1. or like the screen belt upon which a web I I of fine glass ell arrested and collected. The web into the form of a silver through the and then over a suitable folding de. h may be In Ute form of a diablo. having a V-shaped, cardloid. or d cross-section exposed to the silver, .n conjunction with the roll 11 Is arranged a t the opening of the v 4 to guide an asbestos roving, yam , 3 thereunder and Into the partially { the glass sliver. The silver Is adcml/olded form beneath a guide 12 ross-seethm whereby the upstanding -.liver may be closed over and around yarn to substantially surround the roving or yam M may be fed from 10 mounted upon the shaft 1 1 . or >g device performs the dual funcparting the glass silver, which more in the form of a more or less flat a more nearly round, compact eross: simultaneously Incorporating the a or roving into the interior of the As a result a yam U produced com bined glass and asbestos fibers hav.-ictcristles abova noted In connccpresent Invention, yarns or threads produced by the iftc methods Illustrated and de: present application may be intertie form of a fabric aa illustrated, m Fig. 7. The warp yam s 15 may of the same typo of yams as Ute i. or. if desired, they may be of dlfics. combinations or permutations yarns illustrated herein. I t Is also Hat the warp yarns IS. if desired, posed wholly of asbestos, and the may be composed wholly of glass icstred, either one or both may be omblnatlons of the two. ns and variations may be resorted spirit and aeope of the present in- I claim: 1. A fabricated body of combined long, fine glass fibers and intermixed asbestos fibers. 2. A yarn composed of asbestos fibers and In termixed long, fine glass libers. 5 3. a yarn comprising asbestos fibers and In termixed long, fine glass fibers, said glass and asbestos fibers bring intermatted with one an other to provide mass integrity and strength to the yarn. ' 10 4. A yam comprising asbestos fibers and In termixed long, fine glass fibers, said asbestos and glass fibers being intertwisted to form a strong, pliable yarn capable of yielding and elongating under stresses. 15 5. A yarn comprising asbestos fibers, inter mixed long, fine glass fibers, said asbestos and glass fibers being intertwisted to form a strong, pliable yarn capable of yielding and elongating under stresses, and a binder incorporated 20 throughout said yarn. 6. A sliver composed of long, attenuated, fine glass fibers lying predominantly but incompletely parallel and Intermatted with one another, and asbestos fibers intermeshed with said glass fibers 25 and dispersed throughout said sliver. 7. A sliver composed of long, attenuated, fine glass fibers lying predominantly but incompletely parallel and Intermatted with one another, and asbestos fibers intermeshed with said glass fibers 30 and dispersed throughout said silver, said glass fibers having a diameter of not more than about .0003 inch. 5. A ply yam comprising asbestos roving and threads composed of fine. long, attenuated glass 35 fibers Intertwisted with said roving. 9. A yam comprising a thread of long, attenu ated glass fibers, and a body of Intermatted as bestos fibers overlying the surface of and coating id glass thread. 40 10. a yarn comprising a thread of long, attenu ated glass fillers, a binder substance coating said glass threads, and a body of Intermatted asbestos fibers overlymg the surface of and coating said glass thread. 45 11. A ply yarn comprising a strip of asbestos paper, and a thread composed of long, attenuated glass fibers, said asbestos strip and said glass thread being Intertwisted with one another to form said ply yarn. 50 12. A yarn comprising a silver composed of an Intermatted mass of long. fine, attenuated glass fibers lying predominantly parallel with one an other longitudinally of said sliver, and a body of asbestos fibers, said stiver being In web form and 53 folded over said body of asbestos fibers to form a covering tferefor. 13. An interwoven fabric of yarns composed of asbestos fibers and combined long, fine attenu ated class fibers. 00 14. An Interwoven fabric of yams composed of asbestos fibers and combined long, fine, attenu ated glass fibers, said yarns being impregnated with a binder substance. DONALD C. SIMPSON. '+.r