Document 85Xx8E5KjOwoY8097Lepqq76e

Cu j, J ' '0 PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT DOW-290 OFFICE COPY Biochemical Research Laboratory The Dow Chemical Company */0O EXPOSURE TO FINE DUSTS ENCOUNTERED BY WORKERS CUTTING VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE COVERINO MATERIAL File: T2.1-3-1 Date: July 21, 1965 By: E. J. Schneider Signed ^ V JAChecked Date 7/ia. /LS Date 7- DOW CONFIDENTIAL ^ A question was raised by shop personnel after reading an article of the health hazards associated with exposure to asbestos. Is there a health hazard from asbestos in cutting various types of pipe covering material used at Dow Coming? The Environmental Research Laboratory was asked to evaluate the exposures to the fine dusts encountered by workers cutting the pipe covering material and to determine the possible health hazard. CONCLUSIONS 1. Concentrations of total dust In excess of acceptable levels can be encountered by workers cutting pipe covering material both by nand and in using a table saw. 2. A total dust count or the number of particles per million cubic feet of air also exceeds acceptable levels at times. The amount of asbestos fibers of significant length found within the dust exceeds 25 per cent of the fiber content, ! L^re `['Ak '^T/d(*7 RESTRICTED: for use within The Dow Chemical Company only. DOW 06276 .>i uuuu jb d ( < 1 Biochemical Research Laboratory T2.1-3-1 Page 2 however, fibers constitute only 10 per cent of the total dust. The possibility that Dow Coming workers are being exposed to excessive amounts of asbestos fibers within the Important fiber lengths (20-50 microns) is unlikely, however, it is advisable and prudent to have workers wear respiratory protection while cutting pipe covering material. This is especially true when using a table saw. 4. No one type of pipe covering material was found to have a significantly greater amount of asbestos fibers than the others. The Phillip Carey Plbercel material does produce considerable more fine dust than the others when cut. ASBESTOS In reviewing the literature^1) it is learned that the most common form of asbestoa is known as ehrysotlle, a hydrous magnesium silicate containing from 12.5 to 14 per cent water of crystallisation* There is another form of asbestoa derived from amphibole which occurs as a variety of minerals consisting of iron, calcium and magnesium silicates with little water of con stitution. This latter type of asbestos consists of shorter fibers but Is more stable chemically than ohrysotlle and more resistant to acids and heat. Industrial Toxicology - L. T. Fairhall, pp. 19-21, 1957. DOUJ 06277 G q q n n n n i <; ST000057U Blocnemical Researcn Laboratory T2.1-3-1 Page ? It la tbla latter type of asbestos which is thought to be used in the various pipe covering material tested because x-ray diffraction analysis of the materials showed them to con tain tobermorlte, a calcium silicate form of asbestos. The inhalation of asbestos dust produces a condition known as asbescoals. Asbestos is the only silicate apart from talc and mica which does not contain free silica and yet produces pulmonary lung flbrotlc changes. The flbrogenlc action differs * from silica in that the effects are produced only by long asbestos fibers. Very short fibers appear to have little or no effect. The long fibers apparently block the finer bronchioles of the lungs and produce flbrotlc changes as a result of irritation. The literature^ states that in the case of asbestosis unlike silicosis fibrosis does not progress indefinitely after cessation of exposure. It further states that in order to produce asbestosis in workers exposures must be in excess of 5 millions particles.cubic foot for extended periods (greater than 10 years) r and the fibers in the range of 10-250 p in length. Some authorities *' indicated that only those asbestos fibers in the 20-50 p range are significant for producing asbestosis. The present Industrial Hygiene Standards state that for control the number of particles of asoestos dust be kept below j gy v 'Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology - Prank A. Fatty, Vol. I, pp DOW 06278 Blocnemicai hesearcn Laboratory 721-3-1 I age a 5 mpef and that for nuslance ousts of any type the number of particles must be below 50 mpcf or 15 mgs total dust per cubic foot *. b lU U U U b / I PRESENTATION UK DATA ('an,, x96p a visit was made to Dow Corning to make measurement.- i w.-.e dust exposures encountered by workers cutting pipe coverln. .ial. In a small room (approximately 10' x i5') adjacent to ti.i <.... .`enter snop building 409 a worker was asked to hand saw sever '-cos of the various types of pipe covering material used at Dow Corning. Air samples were collected in his breathing zone while sawing the materials. Analyses were made for both total au... ana the number of particles of dust in tne contaminated air In anotnet ....ail room (approximately 8' x 6') part of tne pipe shop building 316 tests were repeated for two different pipe covering materlai- .mile a worker used a table saw to cut tne r materials. Ac boti. . ......wns only general ventilation was used witn no local exhaust for dust collection. The air samples collected for total dust loia w^h? I'tcr sent to Dow laboratories for x-ray diffraction analysis :<vi t.vn microscopic evaluation. Table 1 snows a summary of tne results obtained fur the air samples by the various analytical technique. doW o^79 r A im sy .csxzas c t t iv j various types cp pipe covesisq wtemals zisonoois a aa aa n*w*nd' it WVA VVf n *\ o . (v: iA VVA a aa a r o '<V^ VV A aa a AO^ !*< WA 13) AAA ** A* f' V V/ 133 --A eAg pA V v/. aaa AAA * fj t#\ VVA tt*r 1*V lA 4 m'lw vr IO f A i* l/*> MI' lA A n(i g * >: >, u CU W S2 ^s: as 55 * 2* ?S XI AA -*<M i-->oM VV VV a. a oa *W VV WW ;/?* 4. T $ 05 c. Cl <v 9: 9: > 0 fi N 1 iA lA OO oeg 0 CM 1 A A CM O cf1 (I a H7 I'". 2 U A h m N rs ?s a M V*ft0O *#ia a*o a a fg f^CM ?* SS t *n 9: a: i. u i TIT! *f <u A * M A Ml 9S 2S M # I.M **. I. O * A lI.gA i: on. 4 S(?A < mu g I 44 IjI i: i. i. . * .. c ; * 2! l fit r < p A I AA A ra aa oo VV V % c CM <M I A cT* 2-f r*<M a K 2*. no A ic*. a> i. c i> i. rC* i4J. o n<g VV aa AA -W VV 28 VV a a. AA vv i* %r r IV X w* o fM s CM l A C* O A N I iA O *AiA ft- rfo CM A O cT* CM O o* uoa A n #o u I. ro? A o B-f A 4 o Ha i; i-r t* A C? r A t: (A A M Vn ? ZK g cn i. ii .u t! A pi ! > t. mM * o T. -- M lit. 5 A * 0. 'll : A I* AA II * ?? i * 5H t* t' 5 # m nr. t. e 4* n% `.J : gg4A*> n e !i e rM a I! it m r. * a a n 58 9J na hi ai aw a OA ,14 A AP * 4 na-9*: < * H .: fit** `*1 w*- DOW 06280 ~ ~ *ie r:s?3i Elocnemlcal Fesearch Laboratory T2.L-3-1 Pag* 6 The total dust exposure la not excessive In hand sawing most of the types of pipe covering material, however, sawing the Phillip Carey Fibercel material does produce a very fine dust and does produce excessive concentrations of dust. The use of the. table saw as would be exnected produces very large quantities of dust even for a not too dusty material such as the Baldwin Enret Hill Unibestos. The dust count in millions of particles per cubic foot did exceed In all cases the 5 mpcf Industrial Hygiene Standard for asbestos. However, because asbestos fibers represent approxi mately 10* of the total dust and because only approximately 25* of the fibers are considered of . significant size, it is doubtful that workers encounter a health hazard in their normal work load of cutting pipe covering material. The practice of using a table saw either within a shop building or out in the field should not be continued without adequate control of the dust or the use of respirator* devices. It also seems advisable to encourage workers to wear respiratory protection when hand sawing material. Any Bureau of Standards approved dust respirator shoulo prove alequate to filter out tne asbestos fibers. DOW 0&281 ST0000573 Biochemical Researcn Laboratory Ta.1-3-1 Page 7 UNI? INDEX Measurements were made of the dust exposures encountered oy workers cutting pipe covering material, Ploe Shop Department, Dow Coming Corporation, Midland, Michigan. Concentrations of total dust In excess of acceptable levels can be produced both In hand sawing and '.r\ the use of a table saw. The amount of asbestos fibers found did not constitute a health hazard. Respiratory protection Is recommended tc be worn when cutting pipe covering material. DISTRIBUTION Jack Quinn, Safety Department, Dow Corning Corporation H. H. Gay, M.D., Medical Department, 607 Building A. .V. Wilson, Safety Department, 401 Building C. Middleton, Safety Department, Ludlngton Division w. Snodgrass, Maint. Service Admin., 49 Building (7/9/71) (4) h cnnnn i c/ DOW 06282 t* E. J. Schneider THC DOW CHEMICAL. COMPANY Ml 20 Kay 1965 At_____ S 57-9*5 analytical laboratories REPORT 700-^*00-003 HYDRATED CALCIUM : TuTCATE ON LATEX FILTERS MICROSCOPY Particle size determinatlor About 65* About 90% 0 < 10 u < 20 u > 50 u Plltera 1.5. 6. About 05* < 10 .. About 95* < 20 a. Filters 2. 3. b. 7 About 45* About 90* < 10 u < 20 u Fiber size determination About 1* About 10 * About 65* < 10 u < 20 u > 50 u t c *t ,1 V i- Filters 7 About 1* About 2* About 90 * < 10 u < 20 u > 50 u Miters 2,**,6 At cue 5* AtCUt 10 * Abcut *5* < 10 u < 20 u > 750 u Filters 1.3.5.8 About 1* About 5* About 70 * < 10 U. < 20 u > 50 u Fibers would aeeount for about 10 * of the residue via 8 mi r R. Lape bb 12 trr. yo IIA J- P. A. Traylor 2351 ^ 574 DOW 06283 PHOTOMICROGRAPHY ALS *57 Photomicrographs were prepared employing Bright field y Phaae Contrast ^Oblique Transmitted Light ________ Dark field _______ Polarised Light Oblique Reflected Light_ technique to show particles ani I'ibnrs Label Data for 8 x 10 prints contact prints Negative # L5-525 L5-526 Sample Latex Filter if 2 Latex Filter 8 g Microscopy B. P. B. F. Maxnif. 300X 300X ( OOU 06284 TH1 DOW CHIMICAl COMPANY CHIMICAl, PHYSICS RISIARCH LABORATORY 168499 ,# E. J. Schneider MtMCt ' Biochcm Rum. Lab. | nrwi ~ | j1701 X-ray Diffraction Analysis of dust samples from cutting pipe covering at Dow Corning CwM *-- 1219-26 nrf# 2-2 -65 ' tiwrt* H. 4. Rinn OAir 2-11-65 01 (.0001 g) Tobermorite - XCaO*SiO**yHaO where x varies between 0.8 and 1.5 and y between 0.5 and 2.0 *2 (>.0001 g) Same as #1 #3 (.0004 g) Same as #1 4 (.0020 g) Same as #1 05 (.0006 g) This sample gave a very weak pattern of hydromagnesite - 3MgCOs*MgOH)s3HaO. There could bo amorphous material present. 06 (<.0001 g) Tobermorite and some calcite. Pattern quite weak, probably because of small sample. 07 (.0052 g) Mainly tobermorite with 10-201 talcite - CaCOs 08 (.0036 g) Mainly tobermorite with 5-101 calcite. No quartz was detected in any rf the samples. Note on appearance of tobermorite - from Crystallographic Data for the Calcium Silicates by Heller and Taylor. Natural mineral from Ballycraigy: minute, radiating agregates of fibers with distinctive silky lustre on the cleavage faces. Natural mineral from Mull or Skye: fine geared aggregates of minute, blrefrlngent crystals. Synthetic material: minute irregular crystals, blrefrlngent. HWR:abj 2-11-65 3 ISMB PRifftB IR R.S.A. asoooois DOW 06>285 4 DOW 06286 L S O O O O J.< s DOW 06287 b>I UUtlt[5tiO ( DOUJ 06288 ( DOU 06289 I < < ( "XP'v-ure tc ?T'IE T'*r.T: -:::crTrrcv5?.n Industrial 'fvrrlenc :*.*.andarn, ::ulsar.ce ' s industrial :!yt*iene "tandara, Asbcst-.s -l- r'oeratlon (T-t-.al Di-SC Kxnosure; x.r/m^ ''-nine) n r n* A-:av nir^a-?-.: Breaching zona of worker hand sawing Baldwin Ehrec Hill calcium silicate curved block 2" chick Repeat same material 0.45 0.09 A vg. 3.2 v.U n. 6 44.6 12.6 14.5 Tobermorite (o.-i-l .5)Ca* . r\r. Tobermorite (Q.d-1.5) Oa'"' . "1% Hand sawing Owens-Cornlng Kaylo flat block 2" thick 3.60 A vg. 17.3 22.2 19.8 Tobermorite (0.8-1.5) Cao . r,;.*r Hand sawing Phillip Carey Plbercel curved block 2" thick 17.90 A vg. 7.9 12.1 10.0 Tobermorite ,(0.8-1.5) cao . .:ir? Hand sawing Phillip Carey 85$ MAO curved block 2" thick 7.20 11.0 3MgC03 . MgCHjg . V Hand sawing Baldwin Ehret Hill Unlbeatoa flat block 2" thick u.oy Id.5 Tobermorite (0.8-1.5) CaO . 31CS Breathing zone of worker using table saw to cut Owens-Coming Kaylo flat block 2" thick Using table saw to cut Baldwin fhret Hill Uhlbestos flat block 2" thick I 77.90 53VO I4>W ut !1 -- Tobermorite (o.s-i.3) car- . Tobermorite (0.8-1.5) CaO . 3iOr DOW 06290 f i *, r- 0 -- ?c. iq VAPir-n: Tr-r. ri?~: lusts .... 15 mr/m 'lbcrs . . . 5 K.r.C.P /R:<i:n !ATe:ia: :tlon Electron Microscope Analysis) (Fibers 10% of To tal Dust) Particle Site Fiber Size 20-50 p 10- . (j.:;~5. ) 85% <10 >1 95% <20 p 1% <10 p 5% <20 U 70% >50 p 25% 10, . (0.5-2.0) U<00'J 45% 90% <10 p <20 p 45% 10. . (0.5-2.0) H-0 90% <10 p <20 u 5% <10 p 10% <20 p 45% >50 u 1% <10 p 5% <20 p 70% >50 P 45% i 25% ! cc-. -- 10. . (0.5-3.0) Hc-0 45% 90% '2 1 1 3^0 85% 95% 4? 85% .10.C . (0.5-2.0) H,0 95% <10 p <20 p , <10 p <20 u <10 p <20 p 1C, . 310c, . (0.'3-2.0)11.0 *5% 90% <10 p <20 u mc. . >10,c . (0.5-2.0) H-0 1 --.... 85% 95% <10 p <20 u 5% 10% 45% 1% 5% 70% 5% 1C% *5% 1% 2% 90%- 1% 5% 7Ct <10 p <20 p >50 p <10 p <20 p >50 M <10 p <20 p >50 p <10 p <20 p >50 p <10 p <20 U >50 p 45% 25% 45% m 25% DOW 06291 \ .S O O O O _L 9 r INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SAMPLE RECORD *Skaa4MS--------------- wuiai------------------- 7BEB*------------' EE----------TSfl----------------- ~\UhL r*./- 3-1 , '/**Ar TM g1 * Ailh*. MT0MTUHT1M ^ MisMTar. ^YSfCWbi' '' T""* warnra#. 0(U CdtMT( 3M*?S UtU4 Arnc/r*j. BiJy #1 %lf- //r UAI *3/ -/ 0T1LI tihi ITlIf trap BE /L if -- -j Bill-- OUr/Ml _ (*L_- C~~tUU VJb-iL CONCBlTMTO X/3/ -v. >w y--______ . xv*i Z/3/ -1 ----------- ===^-^--------- J; ; 1/3/ -* tV^lin > -f Cm*. Uhl ^ a * 1/3/ -r **Jtk*r Ox > //A Cm*. l"-w* -<UZ r-- 1/3/ -4 >Uk.*L -i-iOLnf4Ul Ttu.fr**. iyt*A4*L 1/3/ -7 Be /m4 mm 34 ^ uT o--_fc**C- x'ACr IAJL r--; 1 T-- 1 . < l < * 1/1/ '/ *\MSl MSS.S.* XL. t*L~-- J*K >i XtfT_ 11 C/4. ILMS 2'MxMJL. a_ DOW 06292 Mai -rx./- i- / . st. CALCULATIONS RCCORO *AI 2 2.^0./^, MlllUi BHUM GDNvttaM namm n total BAT* /*ytj ItflMtnM BP UiOU QwCg*c imps. TUB 2/3/ "/ /* vi/.. - V7< -3 I ?n; -4 i/%/ ' r T,/?/ -fr mi -7 hm -Sr 3 -- i a. amaltM wr */ COHC 227 iZ tt' r *i tit.rJH* 0 . OBB 4" 0, 4^5 o.oojcy 3,t ~ J.o of A/j: O "IM. f.. OlO/Ji. a rtl9 ,/mhI JVX {7.1~ 7.2^ "" c c'g. oo* ti .itfU. MUbltlS 1 DOW 06293 INDUSTRIAL HYGICNC SAMPLE RICOAO T5?uSH3i " --| utfUufe- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - j 5+1 OW (****. 1 TUtPatt MM "1 1 WMIHMOMai MtMTKHrTM MTIM a*. MMIM. |m; rMCMt IMTI ! f1/tn/cr Ddu> CrCiUACi MTM* AtVctfal 4W => UMI 1 z 3 *_______ i 1 ___ i_______ ? t0 11 11 oral H>1no& * . Clt *uw /* Ci-T/i* Cu.------ ri < s < Si 4mm7t. BL/ .4 < S' 4. sr < J h 44.i < S' * ** it 12- 4 < <* * Ktt^Cr. OinZ. 17.1 < s ** * * /> 12.2 <s Cmkv r3 9 * tt * f r*. /w DZ/ T wT 7 T ^ UMLUb fcK.s-- &*. 7.9 12. 1 no i rt S'*. 4 <* 5 << < S' < <r o CMM.. i'ljt r* * 1- i i- if |- 0 /- 1* *-r / - too fi 1-70 l 7o /-'TO /- 7J i cn o cn 9% It I.1L oou 06294