Document 8581xbJ09yzKDwndDq7E5qknB

Heating Ventilating Air .^Conditioning Guide 1953 < Control(s) (continued) '' automatic, 465, 855 fuel appliances, 355, 859 temperature, 860 . basic types, 855 > - central fan system, 647, 864 all-year system, 647, 864 beating cycle, 652 v coal-fired plant, 858 compressor, 863 cooling units, 864 dehumidification, 865 dehydrating equipment, 849 ' .designation, 855 district heating, 867 draft, 328 electric heating, 859 electronic, 855, 869 equipment for motors, 882 fan, 732 gas burner, 859 gas-fired appliances, 859 heating unit, 858 hot water supply, 1063 humidity, railway cars, 1032 ice bunker, 863 i '' indicating, 870 individual rooms, 1042 limit, 859 modulating, 860 motor, 836, 871 oil burners, 858 panel heating, 868 pneumatic systems, 855 . rate of biochemical reactions, 973 rate of chemical reactions, .971 rate of crystallization, 973 recording, 870 refrigeration equipment, 834, 863 compressor type, 863 ice cooling, 863 well water, 863 regain, 970 residential systems, 858 room thermostat, 859 service water temperature, 1063 ship control, 1042 single phase motor, .883 'sound, 687 squirrel-cage motor, 882 steam jet system, 864 stoker, 363. 858 . system, 860 temperature, 859 terminology, 855 two-position control,. 855 . unit cooler, 863 unit heaters, 862 unit systems, 862 unit ventilators, 862 valves, 519, 617, 857 ventilator, 231 . volume, 677 well water, 863 zone,860. Controllers, 855 functions, 855 types, 855 Convection, 3, 89, 99 equation, 91 unit conductances, 94 , Convector, convectors, 3, 543 correction factor, 544, 546 heat emission, 545 heating effect, 545 \ induction, 654 ratings, 544 Converging vanes,' 669 Conversion burners, 363, 373 equations, 15, 207 Coolers, 589, 599, 833 Cooling, 263, 589 air conditioning units, 571 atmospheric water, 757 coil selection, 793 evaporative, 655 . Cooling (continued) . load. 263, 651 ' '. methods, 477 *. performance of coils, 797, 799. * ' ponds, 765 . residential, 477 / sensible, 656 spray, 761, 765 effect of wind, 766 make-up water, 781 size of equipment, 755, 767 winter freezing, 782 systems, 477, 647, 1030, 1034 towers, .764 atmospheric, 767 design, 773, 774 mechanical, 769 operation, 781 performance, 776 selection, 779 units, 589 component parts, 590 control, 596 definitions, 589 defrosting, 600 design, 590 performance, 589, 597, 606 ratings, 596,000, 601 remote, 594 sound isolation, 593 types of, 571 water, 772 water piping, 1054 Copper elbow equivalents, 523 Core area, 662, 1079 Corrosion, 603, 927 air ducts, 941, atmospheric 942, boilers, 934 . cathodic protection, 943 coal storage equipment, 941 cold water, 938 condensates, 930, 940 ffue gas, 351 flues, 941 heating systems, 934 hot water, 939 industrial exhaust systems, 998 minimizing condensate, 940 pipe, 942 prevention, 942, 998 refrigerating systems, 939 , underwater, 937 Cost of air conditioning, 949 amortization, 949 condenser water, 955 first, 949 fixed charges, 949 heating, 957 interest, 952 installed, 950 insurance, 953 maintenance, 953 owning and operating, 949 rent, 953 service, 954 taxes, 953 Crack length method, 219 used for computations, 255 Crystallization control rate of, 973 Cylinder dryer, 1022 Dalton's rule, 28 Damper, dampers, 328, 461, 647, 678, 865 Darcy formula, 69 Decibel, 887 Definitions, 1 Defrosting, 600 Degree-day, 3, 427 for cities, 437, 446 formula for, method, 436 industrial, 446, 447 operating unit, 444 unit fuel consumption, 442 Degree of saturation, 8, 25, 31 XIV \ Dehumidification,. *648, 761; 845 , air conditioning units,- 594 - air washers, 761- coil selection, 783, 793 comparison of methods, 845 *, control, 849 ... definitions and methods, 845 equipment, 761/845, 849 performance, 848 , estimating loads, 852 . liquid methods; 850, 851 moisture load, 852 ships, 1041 solid methods; 847, 849 vapor transfer, 854 Dehumidifying.agents, 845 sorbents, 845 absorbents, 845 adsorbents, 845 Density of air, 1 Design conditions t summer, 264, 267 winter, 241, 247 Dew-point apparatus temperature, 308 flue gas, 352, 943 temperature, 9, 26, 1082 \ Dichlorodifluoromethane, 810, 811 . - Direct expansion coils, 786 ,. fired unit heater, 575. . indirect heating unit, 3 radiator, 7 return system, 3, 528 Disc fan, 722 Distribution of air (zee Air Distribution), 449, 459; 647, 661, 1030, 1036 District heating, 637 automatic control, 640, 867glossary of rate terms, 645 . meters, 643 piping, 637 . conduits for, 639 inside, 641 overhead distribution, 641 sizes, 638 tunneb, 641 . rates, 645 steam requirement, .645 - Diverging vanes, 460, 669 ' Domestic oil burners, 363 Door, doors coefficients of transmission, 197 leakage, 219,221 natural ventilation, 230 Down-Feed one-pipe riser, 3, 6, 481 steam heating, 3, 487 system, 4, 479 Draft, drafts, 4, 409 available, 411, 416 - calculations, 409 chimney, 409 control, 328 factors, 410 general equation, 409 head, 4 industrial chimneyB, 411 mechanical, 409 natural, 217, 409 regulation, 327 residential chimneys, 415 requirements, 327, 410, 423, 424 appliances, 424 theoretical, 409 Drawing symbols, 17 Drip, drips, 4, 481, 515 Drum dryer, 1022 , Dry air, 1 composition, 25, 343 density, 32 filters, 739 . Dry air (continued) properties of, 30 . * velocity head, 693 Dry-bulb temperature, 9 Dry cooling coils, 639; 783, 797- Dry return, 8, 479 * 'E^ust (continued) , ' r' determination, 154 . filters, 739,-743 . - precipitators; 743 removal, 739. size, 153 i Enthalpy, 4, 23 .30, 51 free,4 ! specific, 4, 30 . Entropy, 4, 30, 51 . - mixing, 51 Equivalent evaporation, 4- Estimating, fuel consumption, Dryer, dryers, 1020 ' cabinet, 1022 calculations, 1016 compartment, 1022 cylinder, 1022 drum, 1021 rotary, 1022 spray, 1023 tunnel, 1022 Drying, 971, 1001 application of hygrometry, 1015 calculations, 1016 chart, 1015, 1017 . conduction, 1021 constant rate period, 1005,1007 oonvection, 1021 critical moisture, 1012 effect of air velocity, 1006 .equations, 1012' equilibrium moisture, 1013 - equipment, 1020 example, 1024 external conditions, 1003 factors influencing, 1002 falling rate period, 1009 internalconditions, 1003 mechanism of, 1002 methods, 1020 conduction, 1021 Dust collectors, 739, 751 , application, 735, 751 centrifugal, 754 , cinder catching, 738 ' cyclone, 754 dry dynamic, 754. 1 high efficiency, 754 degree of dust removal, 750 electrostatic, 751 fabric, 752 factors affecting selection, 751 settling chambers, 754 - sonic agglomerates, 754 testing methods, 755 types, 751 wet, 753 - centrifugal, 754 disintegrator, 753 dynamic precipitator, 753 orifice type, 753 packed tower, 753 washers, 753 Dynamic head, 5, 690 losses, 690 E EDR (Equivalent direct radia tion), 7. 391, 490, 494 496, 431 Eupatheoscope, 1084 Evaporative ` condensers, 832 cooled, unit conditions, 589 oooling, 655 Evaporators, 833 Excess air, 328, 342, 346, 375 Exhaust opening, 680, 9s2, 992. measurement of velocities, 998, 1079 Exhaust systems, 981 ftviftl velocity formula, 982 - - capture velocities, 982 construction, 993 conveying velocity, 992 corrosion, 998 duct construction, 993 duct design, 988 duct resistance, 988 ' duct system design, 988 . duct velocity, 984 ducts for, 988 -air velocities in, 984-992 - construction, 903 design, 988 resistance, 989 dust filters, 995 convection,'1021 radiant, 1020 periods, 1004 problem, 1024 radiant, 1020 . surface temperature, 1006 systems. 1001. terminology, 1001 Duct, ducts, 451-453, 462, 685 air velocities in, 460, 702, 984, 992 approaches to outlets, 677 area change, 696 attenuation, 895 circular equivalents, 689 construction details, 710, 993. design, 451, 462, 701, 712, 988 design methods, 703 equal friction, 704. static regain, 706 velocity reduction, 703 elbow friction losses, 694 exhaust design, 988 friction losses, 685 heat lo68 coefficients, 713, 716 lining, 898 maintenance, 717 measurement of velocities, 1075 noise transmitted, 890 pressure changes, 699 pressure loss, 685, 694 recirculating, 451, 453, 461, 680 rectangular equivalents of round, 426, 689 resistance, 685 defined, 7, 391, 539, 544 Effective temperature, 9, 122 chart, 125,126 index, 122 Efficiency boiler, 388 conversion burner furnace, 402 seasonal, 432 Ejector nozzles, 674 Elbow attenuation, 895 copper equivalents, 523 friction fosses, 495, 523, 694 iron equivalents, 495. 523, 1021 sheet metal, equivalent, 453, 466, 694, 695, 697 Electric, electrical baseboard, 913 . control systems, 855 convector, 913 demand control, 923 dielectric heating, 922 heat applications, 910 heating, 909 calculating capacities, 921 central, 916, 917 control, 855 domestic water, 918 equipment, 912 heat pump, 917 induction, 922 power problems, 923 resistors, 8, 909 systems, 911 elements, 981 equipment, 46 general requirements, 903 . hoods, 981, 984 air flow, 983 air velocity, 982 axial velocity formula for, 982 canopy, 984-987 capture velocities, 982 chemical laboratories, 985 . design principles, 981 kitchen, 985 large open, 984-987 special exhaust require ments, 983 spray booths, 987 suction, 995 velocity contours, 983 ventilation rates, 984-991 make-up air, 995 maintenance, 995 materiab, 993, 996, 997 performance, 995 resistance of, 991 suetion requirements, 991 types of fans, 721 velocity contours, 983 velocity requirements, 984-987 Expansion factor, gases, 81, 82 of pipe, 518, 608 tank installation, 537 tank piping, 534 tank size, 535 tanks, 534 roughness correction, 689 side outlets, 678 sizing, 685 sound absorbers, 896 symbob for drawing, 19 system design, 451, 462, 685 weight, 714 units, 910 hot water beating, 918 induction heating, 922 installation methods, 912 . motor design limits, 872 panel heating, 554, 914, 915, 916 precipitators, 743 valves, 835 Explosion hazard, 138 F Fan, fans, 721 application, 735 arrangement of drives, 730 Duct sizing, 6S5 radiant convector, 913 attic, 737 equal friction method, 704 general rules, 452. 462, 703 ' radiant heating, 554 , 914 resistors, 909, 914 location, 737 Mtiftl flow, 721 static regain method, 706 velocity method, 703 steam radiator, 914 -systems, 871, 916 centrifugal, 725 characteristic curves, 726-728 voltage ratings, 872 control, 732 Dust, 4,151 combustible, 161 ' Electricity, static, 974 Emissivity, 95, 170 designations, 722, 761 drive position, 732 concentrations, 155 Enclosed radiator, 549 efficiency, 725 XV