Document 82ydjOm7JJeZje0BrEw8veQyk

V'l E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company INCORPORATED Wilmington. Delaware 19898 T! VI I :,l 111.!:.. PAF< I i v, r CC: G. L. English H. G. Lauterbach -Ch. Centre Road Building March 13, 1981 TO: DENA MEYER Engineering Louviers Building FROM: D. M. PARRIES Textile Fibers Marketing Centre Road Building WELDING BLANKET MATERIAL Per our recent discussion, I am sending you our just printed literature on welding blankets of aramid fiber. Please let me know if you have any suggestions or recommendations as to other markets for welding blankets where this product might fit. DMP/vcg DU 053322 ]'jAi 4 DUP 1012028 j). ffljuf'tr' "KEVLAR" AND "NOMEX" ARAMID FIBERS FOR ASBESTOS REPLACEMENT E. I, DU PONT DE NEMOURS S CO,, INC. TEXTILE FIBERS DEPARTMENT CENTRE ROAD BUILDING WILMINGTON, DE 19898 DU 053323 DUP 1012029 E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO.f INC WILMINGTON, DE 19898 KEVLAR AND NOMEX'.1) ARAMID FIBERS FIBER/FORM: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FILAMENT Density, gm/cc Denier/Filament Filament Dia., mils Filament Length, Ins. Tenacity, gm/denier Tensile Strength, psi x 10~3 g Modulus, psi x 10 Elongation, % 1.45 1.5 .47 Cont. 22 400 10 4 KEVLAR STAPLE YARN 1.45 1.5 .47 1.5-4.0 9-13 160-230 10 5 NOMEX CHOPPED, PULP FILAMENT STAPLE YARN 1.45 1.5 <.47 .08-.25 <22 1.38 1.5 .50 Cont. 5.3 1.38 1.5 .50 1.5-3.0 3.5-4.5 <400 10 4 100 2.5 22 65-80 35-22 H* u> 1 ts) to THERMAL PROPERTIES Shrinkage % at 177C. (350 F) 285C. (545F) In flames (815C.* or 1500F) Max. Continuous use Temp. C F Decomposition Temp. C. F. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) o 0.5 0.5 150-205 300-400 ~480 ~900 29 DU 053324 <1.0 2.5 >40 205-260 400-500 ~425 /^800 DUP 1012030 OQ \rn a $ .wiitei isaaraii h John C. Norman T e x tile F ib e rs D epartm ent C entre Road B u ild in g W ilm in g to n , DE 19898 Phone: (302)999-3546 w n f fH* "H1i lt' h> tr o z o CO (5 (0 2 D G tr rr h ro p- \ co 3 >0 n cn X) Oz <rr CD *i Ow to n o O CD vo II CO -- co o oz H> o -3 f-- -re </> S V, O M tr o T3 iHiO (0 CO h* cn o o O Cfl ui o\ cn 0o 1 o o u> <n ~j 0 cn 1l H cn oo oo noh z z mOM *1 J 3" ID 3 ii O XS H- w CD CD CD cn 3 3 H- CD CD tr X in CD t c ii M o rti O CD T3 X3 3 i ft H- ii Oi 3 Hi O 53 H" Hti 3O i-1 3 3 CD o O M- n CO i-h O CO 3 i-h O 0 H0H n CD H- 3 0 0) (0 HI ti n ft 3 3" 3 rr rr 3 li li CD -- CD CO H* 3 Oi H- 3 3 ii c 3 3 (D o < rr 3o O rr h- " 3 rr CD h- rr H-* H- O |< oP <3 H- ft HS 53 W 33 irj o 2S *Z> o w z \ Z H* Z \o \ MZZ Xw M O > > > O > >MO CMD .U H-> Cn CD y rr n CD cO ft 3H3 CO < CD CO e-> h- 3 O 01 CO l-1 O HHH 000 ww to X c+ H-> O o 01 I CD tr M Cl U H-* CD I1 t'o CD 3 cn to rr *3 Oi oH- nH-* C 3 G CO o 3* O OOo M X cn rr J--1 1 o 3 K> G\ cn CD tr M M N) H CD CD o> ro 3 ft 33 3 Qi CO H* CO o o ui M CJ o ui cn 1 H* con o HHH 000 W cn X rr h cn *i O 3 i cn t-> CD tr 1 1 cn H-* HJ to h* ro ro to 3 rr H-> o H-* Z Ho \0 > Z Z H cj i W i 1 > cn cn i to o ns 3 ii H- 0) 3" tr re iD O i-c i-c CD rr H H- cn O 3 n aO "3 -2 > CD o Oi ci in ro * rr x- co k CD I-! ro ft CD 0* M CO *t O >0 o cn 1 M c1n * O cn I--1 H-* Z H0 0 \0 > DU 053325 W Z Z h ro X W. 1 O > > CJ cn ro o M h-* ro 3 rr 53 53 (D H-1 H- 3 3 CO t-h rr 3 prr n CO DUP 1012031 NOMEXC-) ARAM ID APPLICATION Product Form: PERFORMANCE Specific Gravity Coef. of Thermal Expansion Thermal Conductivity, BTU. in/hr. ft.2 F Dielectric Strength, Volts/mil Resistance to Acid Resistance to Caustic Resistance to Solvent Limiting Oxygen Index ECONOMICS (1980 prices)' Price, $/lb. Lifetime Cost, Asbestos = 1.00 Thermal Insulation Fiber 1.38 Low .24 N/A Good Good Excellent 29 Protective Clothing Fiber 1.38 Low .24 N/A Good Good Excellent 29 Electrical Insulation Fiber .3-1.38 Low .3 - .8 850 Good Good Excellent 24-32 6.10-19.00 .90 - 1.20 6.10-19.00 1.30 - 1.50 6.43-14.26 1.50 - 3,'00 DU PONT CONTACT * Isaac L. Gadsden Textile Fibers Department Centre Road Building Wilmington, DE 19898 Phone: (302) 999-3951 DU 053326 DUP 1012032 COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION DISC BRAKE PADS FINAL BASE .6 LINE 200*F ~ 20*F (93*Cn*C) .4 fc.3 .2 APPL. NO. 5 10 15 - - I I ------- MIX WITH SZ KEVLAR FIBER ------ MIX WITHOUT KEVLAR FIBER - - - PREMIUM COMMER CIAL ASBESTOS CONTROL (Chase test) COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OftUM TEMPERATURE DU 053327 DUP 1012033 nitt MATERIAL SAFETY INFORMATION KEVLAR ARAMID FIBER Kevlar aramid is" an aromatic, organic composition of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. When burned, its combustion products are rimilar to those of other organic materials com prised of the same four elements; their exact composition de pends on the conditions of combustion (temperature, availability of oxygen, etc.). Kevlar yarn is not readily biodegradable and contains no significant percentage of material extractable in water so its effect on ground water in case of landfill dis posal should be negligible. Kevlar yarns as supplied by Du Pont have been tested for toxicity by skin contact tests on animals and humans. No toxic reactions have been observed. We have received no reports of skin irrita tion or other health hazard associated with this fiber during six years of extensive market development activity involving millions of pounds of fiber used in a variety of applications. Kevlar is not radioactive, is stable in all recommended use en vironments and requires no special spill procedures. In handling yarns of Kevlar, operators should be cautioned of the unusually high strength of this product and the resultant possibility of cuts to hands or fingers caught in loops and tangles. MATERIAL SAFETY INFORMATION NOMEX ARAMID FIBER Nomex aramid is an aromatic organic composition or carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Nomex is difficult to ignite and will usually self extinguish in the absence of an external heat source. However, when burned, its combus tion" products are similar to those of other organic materials comprised of the same four elements; their exact composition depends on the conditions of combustion (temperature, avail ability of oxygen, etc.). Nomex is not readily biodegrad able and contains no significant percentage of materials extractable in water so its effect on ground water in case of landfill disposal should be negligible. Nomex fiber supplied by Du Pont has been tested for toxicity by skin contact tests on animals and humans and by inhalation and feeding tests on animals. No toxic reactions have been observed. Nomex fiber is not radioactive, is stable in all recommended use environments, and requires no special spill handlina procedures. V. DU 053328 DUP1012034 'V From DU PONT 3. /4 'P'telitHutcvicf `Tftwia Number 375 Date September 28,1976 CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF KEVLAR 29 ARAMID TEXTILE FIBERS DEPARTMENT E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) Wilmington, Delaware 19898 The information contained in this memo was prepared for rapid dissemination to meet special needs. Data and recom mendations may be tentative and, as such, subject to change. For that reason, the information presented should be used only after consultation with appropriate Du Pont technical representatives to determine its currcntncss and validity. THIS MEMO IS NOT INTENDED AS A PROOUCT SPECIFICATION DU 053329 DUP 1012035 Q&tter things for bettor thrfng .. .through chomistry We believe that this information is the best currently available on the subject. It is offered as a possibly helpful suggestion in experi mentation you may care to undertake along these lines. Du Pont makes no guarantee of results and assumes no obligation or liability whatsoever in connection with this information. Anyone intending to use recommendations contained in this publication concerning equipment, processing techniques, or chemical products should first satisfy himself that the recommendations are suitable for his use and meet all appropriate safety and health standards. This publication is not a license to operate under, or intended to suggest infringement of, any existing patents. Rapidly advancing knowledge of new, long term toxic effects of many chemicals has emphasized the need to reduce human exposure to many chem icals to the lowest practicable limits. Special hazards with respect to chemicals mentioned in this Memo which were known to us at the time of publication have been noted in the text or in footnotes, but we do not suggest or guarantee that other hazards do not exist. We strongly recommend that processors seek and adhere to manufacturer's or supplier's current instructions for handimg each chemical they use. DU 053330 DUP 1012036 CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF K-EVLAR-' 29 ARAMID I. INTRODUCTION Kl '' I.AK is llie registered trademark lor one member of l)u I'ont's family of ;irom;itie polyamide fillers'1, which hate been granted the gcuciic name "aramid" In the Federal Trade Commission. KFVl.AR ;i>. with a tensile strength of -400.000 II' uT 2~5s Mpa+> trniF modulus of `> million 1b in: ((.2 000 MPa). is espeeiall\ suited tot a uumherolmdustnal applis.il ions including ropes, cable's. protective cioihinu. and eoated fuhries. Kl AT.AR 4l). whieh has a modulus of l`> million Ih in; (131 000 MPa) and the same tensile strenuth as KFVl.AR 2'. is designed for the remforeement of plasties and offers indusirv a new level of composite performance**. KFA'I AR 2l> is supplied In DuPont m filament varus and staple fibers: prod net deseript ions ere shown in Table i.Tabriesund uonwov en felts are also being prod need commercially from these fibers and yarns. 1 his bulletin deseribes the properties ol KFA l.AR 2l) and typical applications. inclutlinn fabrics anil other products. More detailed technical information and current prices are available upon request. TABLE I YARNS OF KEVLAR" 29 ARAMID Denier 1500 9000 15000 Denier 1000 1500 9000 15000 Denier 200 400 1000 1500 Type 960 Yarn for Ropes and Cables with Special Finish for Improved Abrasion Resistance Decitex* 1670 10000 17000 yd/lb 2976 497 298 Yield__________ (m/kg)** 6000 1000 600 Filament 1000 4000 10000 Twistt 0 0 0 Nominal Yarn _____ Diameter*** j C O1 mm 21.2 52.0 67.1 0.54 1.32 1.70 Decitex* 1110 1670 10000 17000 Type 961 Yarn for Ropes and Cables with Standard Finish yd/lb 4464 2976 497 298 Yield (m/kg)** 9000 6000 1000 600 Filament 666 1000 4000 10000 Twistt 0 0 0 0 Nominal Yarn Diameter*** 10"3 in mm 17.3 21.2 52.0 67.1 0.44 0.54 1.32 1.70 Decitex* 22& 440 11 to * 1670 Type 964 Yarn for Weaving Application Yield yd/lb (m/kg)** 22320 45000 11160 4464 2976 22500 9000 6000 Filament 134 267 666 1000 Twistt 0 0 0 0 Nominal Yarn Diameter*** 10-3 in mm 7.8 11.0 17.3 21.2 0.20 0.28 0.44 0.54 J Yut ns wre (lesuin.iusl Roto$i `Number hwt* Im'imi founded to anfo'n 10 product tlcscf iptions adopted for urhfoimdy *n p.ick.iijimj jnd t.rfe**rK| * m k i| yd lb a 0 Mi * Assuming /0 .> pockinti t.ietoc \(>MI \ is.ilsn iiK'likteil m i His iicucnc tilwi category <see DuPont bulletin entitled "Proi'crties ol SOM! \ \r.imid liber"). ' I hi IiiiiIki till*!) in.11 inn see tn !* > ot buninue emit list "('li.irui.lerisiies .uni't ses <il kt VI \R 4l* \ ram id lliuli Modulus Oie.inn I ibel" * \|4*.i M\ in- i'm \ ti>dN \ |o DUP 1012037 -u DU 053331 II. FIBER PROPERTIES Tile physical properties of KEVLAR 2 aramiil fiber compared with those of conventional industrial nylon. DACRON* polyester, fiberglass and stainless steel are shown in Table II. It can be seen that the tensile trongth of KEVLAR* 2`> is more than twice that of nylon or DAC'RON. 15% greater than that of "E"-glass. and (<()% greater than that of steel. Modulus, or stiffness, is more than 10 times that of nylon, almost 5 times that ot DACRON, and is almost equivalent to that ol "E^-giass. The fiber elongation-to-break is quite low compared with that of other organic fibers, and the density, while higher than that of nylon or DACRON, is about 1/2 that of glass, and 1/5 that of steel. TABLE It COMPARATIVE YARN PROPERTIES Tensile Strength, lb/in- (MPa) * KEVLAR 29 DU PONT Nylon DACRON19 Aramid Type 728 Polyester Type 68 400,000** (2758) 143,000** (985) 162,500** (1120) "E-HTS" Glass 350,000*** (2412) Modulus, Ib/irr (MPa) 9,000,000 (62000) 800,000 (5512) 2,000,000 (13780) 10,000,000 (68900) Elongation to Break, % 4.0 18.3 14.5 3.5 Density, lb/in3 (g/cm3)t 0.052 (1.44) 0.041 (1.14) 0.050 (1.38) 0.092 (2.55) MPa - MN/m: * lb/in* x 6.896 x 10-* *Unimpregnated twisted yam test -- ASTM D22S6 'Impregnated strand test - ASTM 02343 fg/cm3 * Ib/in* x 27.68 Stainless Steel 250,000 (1724) 29,000,000 (199800) 2.0 0.284 (7.83) The nearly linear stress/strain curve to failure of KEVLAR 29 is similar to that of glass, but unlike those of other organic fibers (Figure I). Because it is relatively insensitive to fiber surface defects, the tensile strength of KEVLAR 29 is uniform along the length of the fiber; for example, a twisted 1500 denier (1670 dtex) yarn tested at 100 in. (2540 mm) gage length retains 95% of its l in. (25.4 mm) gage strength. KEVLAR 29. available in yarnsof up to 15,000 denier** (16 700 decitex)***, is comprised of many continuous, round cross-section filaments each having a denier of about 1.5 (1.7 decitex) and a diameter slightly under 0.5 mil (0.013 mm). Tensile strength is measured by ASTM D2256 using yarn samples twisted to 1.1 twist multiplier (T.M.) on 10 in. (254 mm) gage length at 50% per minute elonga tion rate. The formula for twist multiplier and the signifi cant effect that twist level has on tensile strength are shown in Figure 2. The 0.052 Ib/iiv' (1.44 g/cnv3) density of KEVLAR 29 results in a higher specific* tensile strength than is currently available from any other material commercially available and a specific* molulus higher than that of glass fiber. These properties (Figure 3) form the key to market opportunities in ropes and cables and other uses where the ratio ot strength to weight is important. FIGURE 1 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF YARNS (Expressed in Textile Units) * l)u I'.uil reiuslered iradein.irk ** Denier is weight in prams ul "0(10 motets ** Deciles is weight in gr.imsul' MI.OOO meters i tensile slrcnglli or iiuhIuIusdivided In density. DUP 1012038 U(| 6 DU 053332 FIGURE 3 SPECIFIC TENSILE STRENGTH AND SPECIFIC TENSILE MODULUS OF FIBERS AND OTHER MATERIALS * (2541)01 (JO))1. 5 u<s n5r- (1024) *V- *- i- KEVLAR* 29 AftAMlO Y-GLASS* * KEVLAR*49 ARAMI0 OTHER OftCAWCS 'E`-GIA$$ STEEL ,4 ,, C K *ur --- ! (2i.15) A--LUM.IN.U..M.2(51r1 (765 ) SPECIFIC TENSILE UOOULUS.IO* IN (1C* CMI '<0 7 KEVLAR** 29 also lias high toughness which yields good textile processibility and high impact strength: tor example, loop strength is 55'7of straight breaking strength. KEVLAR 29 has good thermal stability, retaining a high percentage of room temperature properties when tested up to 355 F (1 S0C) (Figure 4). The fiber exhibits virtually no shrinkage between room temper ature and 320F (160'C). KEVLAR 29 does not melt or support combustion under normal environmental conditions but will carbonize at about S00 F (427C). At arctic temperatures of 50 F (-46*0, it exhibits essentially no embrittlement or degradation of fiber properties. The chemical resistance of KEVLAR* 29 is excellent except in a few strong acids (Table III). The effect of ultraviolet light will vary with the thickness of the item exposed. Very thin fabric (4.5 mil. 0.114 mm), if exposed directly to Florida sunshine for a period of 5 weeks, will lose about half of its tensile strength Po l'onl ri-gistcrol trailomaik. TABLE III CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF YARN OF KEVLAR 29 ARAMID Environment (100 hr* exposure at 70F;21C) Tensile Strength LOSS % ACIDS Formic (90%) Hydrochloric (37%) Hydrofluoric (10%) Nitric (70%) Sulfuric (70%) 10 90 12 82 100 OTHER CHEMICALS Brake Fluid (312 hr) Greases (moS2 and Lithium base) Jet Fluid (JP-4) (300 hr) Ozone (1000 hr) Tap Water Boiling Water Superheated Water 156C (313F)80hr 2 0 0 0 0 0 16 Except where noti. DUP 1012039 ioTfl DU 053333 (1 able IV), In thicker items. such .is the I '2 in. ( 12.7 mm) diameter rope shown in the table, the majority ol the yarns are protected In the outer layer and the strength loss is minimal. Although self-screening may be sufficient lor some applications, the addition of opaque picketing may be required for increased UV resistance under critical conditions. Kr.Vl.AK" 2`) has an equilibrium moisture level of?'': at 72F(22C) at 55 R. II. .and a negative coef ficient of thermal expansion of 2 \ 10"'V('i i.l \ 10"'/*!'). KI A I AR 2'1 has excellent dynamic and stat ic tat igue resistance (Table V. Figure 5). as well as stress relaxation behavior (figure ('). ( reep rate is equivalent to that id' fiberglass, but unlike glass, is much less susceptible to creep-rupture, even at levels as high as ?()',' ultimate tensile strength. Additional information on creep, fatigue, and impact properties is available upon request. TABLE IV ULTRAVIOLET STABILITY OF KELVAR71 29 ARAMID Product Form Break Load Strength Loss (%) Fabric, 4.5 mil (0.114 mm) thickness Unex posed Florida Sun (5 weeks) 300 Ib/in (525 N/cm) 154 Ib/in (270 N/cm) -- 49 Rope, Vs" (12.7 mm) diameter Unexposed Florida Sun (6 mo.) 11,400 lb (50,700 N) 10,260 lb (45,700 N) -- 10 TABLE V EFFECT OF TENSION-TENSION FATIGUE ON KEVLAR '- 29 ARAMID Cycled Between (% of Ultimate Tensile Strenqth) High Low No. of Cycles Break Load Decrease in After Cycling Tensile Strength Lb (N) Due to Fatigue Control 74 45 52 29 31 8 10 0 -- 1000 1000 1000 13 x 106 124 130 137 132 118 552 578 610 587 525 -- None None None 5% 1500 denier (1670 dtex) 2-plv yarn of KEVLAR* 29 was tested using airactuated 4-D cord clamps on an Instron test machine, at 10" (254 mm) original gage length. 10% per minute elongation, and at 55% R.H. and 72 F (22 C). * l)u I'oiii registered trademark. X. ij I A DU 053334 III. FABRICS Woven fabrics ot KE-.Y ! AR* 2'* aramid have a balance of proport ice generally unattainable with tradi tional textile libers or with tiberglass. including the high strength and stability of glass fabrics at significantly lower, weight. I hey also have a balance ot tensile and tear strengths superior It) that attainable with other otganic libeis. thus eliminating the necessity to over-construct fabrics to obtain high tear strength. Typical fabric properties are discussed under Applications. _,, Because of its unique combination of physical properties and organic composition. KEVLAR 2`> is an inherently tough material. However, yarns, rovings, fabrics, and coated fabrics can be cut and trimmed using sharp, clean tools. Scissors must have close tolerances between cutting surfaces and serrated scissors** are pre ferred since they prevent the material from slipping out from between the cutting surfaces. Good quality canvas, upholstery, and carpet shears! for example. Wiss #4 l.S.) or electric scissors I for example. United Cloth Cutting Machine Co. #LIL 25 15l>) will also satisfactorily cut fabrics of KliVLAR 29. The canvas shears are also available with serrations**. -- Multiple plies of fabrics ot KEY'LAR 2l) can be cut using a sabre saw with a special blade tipped with tungsten carbide**. Additional information on cutting is available upon request. IV. APPLICATIONS A. Ballistics Fabrics of KEVLAR 29 are being extensively used in ballistic garments to protect law enforcement officers from handgun threats and in military flak jackets and helmets. KEVLAR 29 is also being evaluated in other ballistic protective end uses such as armored cars and trucks, bomb disposal blankets, military personnel carriers, bank teller cages, explosives storage and transportation cases, military aircraft, jet engine blade con tainment. and blankets and curtains surrounding high speed machinery. Fabrics may be used untreated in "soft" armor, or impregnated with tliermoset. thermoplastic, or elastomeric resin systems and then molded into "flexible" or "hard" armor which have structural integrity as well as ballistic resistance. B. Protective Apparel High strength, cut resistance, and thermal insulating characteristics of KEVLAR 29 make it attractive for protective apparel applications. Gloves made from continuous filament or spun yarn fabrics show good cut resistance and durability in metal and glass handling operations. When these same glove constructions are backed by felts of KEVLAR 29, additional thermal and puncture protection are obtained. Combinations of ballistic fabric and felt of KEVLAR 29 are being evaluated for lightweight protective aprons for meat cutters and knee pads for chainsaw operators. C. Ropes and Cables KEVLAR 29 is replacing steel in tension members and cables where very high specific tensile strength, low stretch, good electrical properties, cyclic and creep fatigue resistance, and toughness are important. The high strength-to-weight ratio is the primary reason for the use of KEVLAR 29 in very long cables of up to 5 miles (8 km), such as those used in oceano graphic and aerospace markets. Figure 7 illustrates the "free" length of KF.VLAK 29 that will support itself in both air and water, as compared with steel. KEVLAR 29 is also replacing other organic libers such as DACRON* polyester or nylon in applications where low stretch, or reduced weight and diameter (at equivalent strength!, is desirable. FIGURE 7 "FREE" LENGTH COMPARISON (Length at which Strength Member Break* of Its Own Weight Tensile Strength/Density) *!Hi fnhi wgisicu-ti u.nlcm.trk * * Xi.nl.iMe Ini I vi Inuiloev Associates, Inc.. I' O. Uox 7 !(i.t, Wilmington. Delaware 1'i.XO.C DUP 1012041 DU 053335 BRAID TABLE VI TYPICAL ROPE PROPERTIES Break Diameter Weight Strength . in. lb/100 ft lb (mml (kg/100 m) (N) KEVLAR* 29 Aramid 5/8 (15.9) 10.3 (15.3) 34,000 (151 300) DACRON* Polyester 5/8 (15.9) 14.0 (20.8) 13,000 (57 850) KEVLAR 29 2 (50.8) 136 (202) 277,000 (1 232 650) DACRON 2 (50.8) 126 (187) 106,000 (471 700) Nylon 2 (50.8) 106 (158) 117,000 (520 650) WIRE ROPE (7 x 19) * KEVLAR 29 Galvanized Steel 1/2 (12.7) 1/2 (12.7) 8.0 (11.9) 45.8 (68.2) 25,000 (111 250) 22,800 (101 460) Du Pont registered trademark TABLE VII AIR SUPPORTED SHELTER FABRIC Weight -- oz/yd2 (g/m2) Fabric Coating Total Nylon KEVLAR 29 Aramid 5.1 (173) 2.1 (71) 9.9 (336) 9.2(312) 15.0 (509) 11.3 (383) Thickness -- mil (mm) 16 (0.41) 11 (0.28) Tensile Strength-- Ib/in (N/m) 300 (525) Relative Specific Strength* 1.0 380 ( 665) 1.7 Tear Strength - lb (N) 20 (89) Relative Specific Strength* 1.0 25 (111) 1.7 Burst -- Ib/in2 (kPa) Strength to weight. Nylon 1,0 840 (5792) 900 (6206) A wire rope construction of KEVLAR* 29 can provide the same high strength as a steel cable at onefifth tiie weight (Table VI). Specific applications under development are deep-sea mooring lines, electro mechanical cables, mining and drilling cables, antenna guys, and running and standing rigging for boats. D. Industrial and Coated Fabrics A coated fabric of KEVLAR 29 has high tensile strength, excellent resistance to tearing and cutting, low weight and bulk, good dimensional stability and flame resistance. These properties suggest a number of uses such as inflatables (life-rafts, escape slides), architectural structures (cither air-or cable-supported), and a variety of collapsible, portable storage containers. Table VII illustrates the advantages over nylon of a fabric ol KEVLAR 29. coated with HYPALON* synthetic rubber, for air-supported shelters. In Table VIII are listed a few of the polymeric coating systems that have been successfully applied to fabrics of KEVLAR 29. Adhesion promoters suitable for use with nylon fabrics are generally effective with KEVLAR 29. E. Tapes and Webbings The high tensile strength of yarns of KEVLAR 29 is very useful in parachute component materials where reductions in weight and bulk are critically important. A variety of tapes, webbings, tubular webbings and braided cords of KEVLAR 29 have been developed that have the same strength, but weigh only about 30 to 40'V as much as their nylon counterparts. Tentative draft specifications for these materials have been written by the Air Force Materials Lab. Ribbon parachutes have been made to equal dimensions and equal strength using components ol all nylon and all-KEVLAR 29. The parachute of KEVLAR 29 weighed only one-half as much and required onehalf the storage volume as the nylon parachute. KEVLAR 29 is also being used in drogue parachutes, as com ponents in personnel parachutes, and in weapons delivery systems. *!)u Pont registered trademark. DUP 1012042 DU 053336 TABLE VIII COATING MATERIALS USED SUCCESSFULLY WITH KEVLAR' 29 ARAMID _________ Coating Neoprene Synthetic Rubber HYPALON Synthetic Rubber Typical End Uses inflatable Boats Pond Liners, Tarpaulins Nitrile Rubber Pressure Oiaphragms NOROEL Hydrocarbon Rubber Heat-Resistant Conveyor Belts 8una-N Hoses Urethane Polymers Inflatable Structures Silicon and Fluorosilicon Belting Polyvinyl Chloride Air-Supported Structures TEFLON (TFE, FEP) Fluorocarbon Resin Non-Stick Belts Polyvinyl Alcohol Specialty Uses Laminations- TEDLAR Polyvinyl Fluoride MYLAR Polyester Lighter-than-Aircraft F. Asbestos Replacement Because of exceptional resistance to high temperatures and also low thermal conductivity. KEVLAR* 29 aramid has great promise as an asbestos replacement in applications up to about 400F ('204*0 or to even higher temperatures when the contact is intermittent or short term. Table IX shows the relative thermal con ductivity of both fabric and felt of KEVLAR 29 compared to asbestos and fiberglass fabrics. KEVLAR 29 provides equal protection at equal thickness or superior protection when compared on a weight basis. KEVLAR 29 is being used to replace asbestos in roll covers for conducting hot glass tubing, pro tective heat shields around glass annealing ovens and protective gloves. It is also being evaluated in many appli cations as replacement for asbestos in the reinforcing of plastics or elastomers such as grinding wheels, brake linings, and concrete pipe. In general, either a fabric or felt of KEVLAR 29 is used as the reinforcing material. In some cases, the individual staple fibers are dispersed through the plastic matrix prior to molding or curing. TABLE IX THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF KEVLAR 29 ARAMID COMPARED TO ASBESTOS AND FIBERGLASS Fabric Weight oz/yd: (g/rrr) Thickness 10" i in (mm) Lag Time (Sec.) Temp. Rise--F cal/cm* s (C) in 25 sec. KEVLAR 29 9.8 (333) 30 (0.76) 0 .324 108 (60) KEVLAR .29 (3 ply) 29.4 (998) 85(2.16) 3 .162 54(30) KEVLAR 29 (Felt) 27.0 (917) 105 (2.67) 1.5 0.084 28 (16) Fiberglass 8.4 (285) 12(0.30) 0 .600 200 (111) Fiberglass (8 ply) 67.2 (2282) 85 (2.16) 5.1 .105 35 (19) Asbestos 40.8 (1386) 90 (2.29) 2.5 .168 55(31) Du I'oui reinsured trademark. DUP 1012043 DU 053337 21451 For additional information on "Kevlar" 29 aramid. please contact: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO. (INC.) TEXTILE FIBERS DEPARTMENT KEVLAR SPECIAL PRODUCTS CENTRE ROAD BUILDING WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19898 X DUP 1012044 DU 053338 L1 ( TECHNICAL IN FOR LI A T! ON NOMEX Aramld Bulletin NX-5 December 1976 PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF NOW EX ARAMID PAPER TYPE 411 (Replaces Bulletin N-254 which should be destroyed) INTRODUCTION Nomex* aramid paper, composed solely of highly aromatic polyamide synthetic material, provides un usual!) stable properties: Nomex does not melt and drip nor support combustion in air. Nomex retains useful mechanical and electri cal properties for long times at temperatures above the melting point of nylon and poly ester. Nomex is generally: insoluble: compatible with common industrial oiis and varnishes; and re sistant to chemical and radiative degradation. Nomex aramid paper is made from short-length ara mid fibers (floe) plus microscopic fibrous binder par ticles (fibrids) of the same polymer. These are com bined in a water suspension and formed into a sheet structure on a paper machine, with no extraneous bind ers or fillers. This uncalcndcred product is Type 411, with relatively low density (about 0.3 g/cm3) and available in thicknesses ranging from S through 23 mils (0.13-0.58 mm). (Nomex papers are also available in higher-density calendered versions. For further infor mation, see the Technical Information Bulletins on properties and performance of Nomex aramid paper Types 410 and 414.) Du Pont registered traileniark DUP 1012045 DU 053339 APPLICATIONS Nomex-paper Typo 111 is rerognized l>v UndiTwritcrsU.abornloru's as a 220r'C electrical insulation. It is highly conformable, with a soft absorptive surface, offering high bulk anti resilience, and is suitable for use in: Motors Phase insulation for end coil groups: -- Homling enlianectl by high sur face absorbency. -- Highly conformable. Transformers F.ayer insulation for strip- and wirewound types. End pack-out: high bulk and resil ience. Appliances Harrier insulation. UL Applications Recognized as 220C insulation by Other Replace high-temperaturc inorganic insulations like asbestos and glass. Laminates: -- Flexible: can lie adhesive-bond ed to other sheet materials. -- Rigid: thick, dense and rigid laminates can be made by ap plying heat and pressure to stacked sheets. Complex shapes may be machined. UL ffile no. E31739). Du Pout's UL-rccognizcd systems (file no. F.57692): -- Cover 130-220C classes. -- Specify wire, sleeving, spacers, tapes, tie cords, and varnishes with ground insulation of Nomex. -- Eliminate lengthy, costly heataging tests of insulation system. Decprdrawn shapes may be made using hot-pressing techniques. Impregnation is also possible, al though the semi-closed void struc ture makes complete impregnation with nicdiuin-to-high-viscosity res ins more difficult than the low pa per density suggests. Electrical TYPICAL PROPERTIES Important electrical properties of typical Type 411 Nomex aramid papers are shown in Table I. Although unprotected Nomex Type 411 absorbs up to 14% water unaffected, in contrast to most porous materials. After 6 days' exposure at 96% RH, for example, Nomex Type 411 typically retains 96% of its dielectric strength at high humidities, electrical properties are relatively under bone-dry conditions. TABLE I Typical* Electrical Properties of Nomex* Aramid Paper Type 411 (Not to be used as product specifications) Nominal Thickness.*: Dielectric Strength. AC Rapid Rise, ASTM D-149** mils (mm) 5 (0.13) V/mil (kV/mm) 310 (12) 7 (0.18) 310 (12) 10 (0.25) 320 (13) 15 (0.38) 330 (13) 23 (0.58) 330 (13) Dielectric Constant (10> Hz) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 ASTM D-150*** Dissipation Factor ASTM D-150*** Room ttmp*rfur nd 55% RH. (10J Hz) 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 **2 in. (SI mm) dUmoUr Uctrodt. I In. (25 mm) d!am*tar Uefrodat undue 20 (140 kPa) pruur. DUP 1012046 2 DU 053340 Physical Typical physical pro|>crtics of Xomkx Type 111 are li'lcil in Table [[, At 220' C. Tvpc 111 papers retain alwnit 8nr; ,,f iln ir room-lcmpcratqro lireakiii" strength, anil tlieir elongation to lireak is roughly iloulileil or triplet!. \omk\ paper also retains good physical prop erties at very low temperatures such as --]Of>cC in liquid nitrogen. \ \ Thermal, Chemical, Radiative The lung-term tlierinal stahility of Xomf.x Tvpc 111 is attested he its 220CC UL recognition. The molecular structure responsible for this excellent heat resistance also results in outstanding chemical stability. Nomfx papers are unusually resistant to most common acids and alkalies, as well as to high-energy (nuclear) radi ation. Common industrial solvents (alcohol, ketones, acetone, toluene, xylene) have only a slight swelling effretr As illustrated by the IT.-recognized systems pror ioiisly mentioned. .\o\IKX papers are fully com patible and used rommereially with: Transformer oils and askarels. Refrigerant gases. Commonly-used electrical varnishes and ad hesives (polyimides, silicones, epoxies, poly esters, acrylics, phenolics, synthetic rubbers, etc.). More detailed data on chemical and radiative resistance is available in the bulletin on properties and perform ance of \omkx aramid paper Type 110 (which is chem ically identical to Type HI). TABLE II Typical'1' Physical Properties of Nomex Aramid Paper Type 411 (Not to be used as product specifications) Nominal Thickness mils (mm) 5 (0.13) 7 (0.18) 10 (0.25) 15 (0.38) Basis Weight Tensile Strength. ASTM D-828-60 oz./yd.2 (g/mJ) Ib./in. (N/cm) MD XD MD XD 1.2 (41) 10 5 (17) ( 9) 1.9 (64) 16 10 (28) (17) 2.3 (78) 20 12 (35) (21) 3.9 (130) 32 20 (56) (35) Elongation, ASTM D-828-60 % MD 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 XD 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.2 Finch Edge Tear, ASTM D-827-47 lb. (N) MD 10 XD 6 MD (45) XD (27) 17 23 40 11 14 26 (76) (100) (180) (49) ( 62) (120) Elmendorf Tear, ASTM D-869 g MD 130 170 240 500 XD 180 260 350 680 (N) MD (1.3) (1-7) (2.4) (4.9) XD (1.8) (2.6) (3.4) (6.7) Shrinkage @ 240C Room And 55*4 RH. MD * mAchin# direction. XO ** cron d*rction. % MD 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 XD 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 23 (0.58) 5.9 (200) 46 30 (80) ' (52) 3.2 4.8 57 38 (250) (170) 630 980 (6.2) (9.6) 0.9 0.7 DUP 1012047 3 DU 053341 AVAILABILITY Orders and requests for additional information on Nomex aramid paper Type 111 should be directed to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Textile Fibers Department Nomex Marketing Centre Road Building Wilmington, Delaware 19898 Phone: (302) 999-4693 or to the following authorized distributors of Nomex paper: Brownell Electro, Inc. 85 Tenth Avenue New York, New York 10011 Phone: (212) 924-6000 Complete-Reading Electric Company 100 South Jefferson Street Chicago, Illinois 60606 Phone: (312) 236-5390 Electrical Insulation Suppliers 1255 Collier Road, N.W. Atlanta, Georgia 30325 Phone: (404) 355-1651 Electrical Specialty Co. 213 E. Harris Avenue So. San Francisco, California 94080 Phone: (415) 589-9611 Essex International, Inc. IWI Division 1510 Wall Street Ft. Wayne, Indiana 46804 Phone: (219) 742-7441 Wt believe that this information is the best currently available on the subject. It is offered as a possibly helpful suggestion in experimentation yon may care to undertake along these lines. It is subject to revision as additional knowledge and experience are gained. Du Pont makes no guarantee of results and assumes no obligation or liability whatsoever in connection with this infor mation. Anyone intending to use recommendations contained in this publication concerning equipment, processing techniques, or chemical products should first satisfy himself that the recommendations are suitable for his use and meet all appropriate safety and health standards. This publication is not a license to operate under, or intended to suggest infringement of, any existing patents. A-MHJ DUP 1012048 |\ P I.J I Printed in U.l DU 053342