Document 82xbXG5J57d00oJw06M8wqMVK

HB8-0o0/699 ur.iicior. * F;rv?.rd) T. Lyle -Hazlett, M.D. ^yXTiV' -iJL* F-r-M1. l>aUo,~M.D. Digest ^itelatule Clbstiacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends e dndustual tiealik hews hiu*d Won*My Bjr INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH ;13>. PA. 03118319 r* HMB8-B007700 /-s5>. Industrial Hygiene Digest r^ 'de\atu\e Ghstlacts MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL - decisions and trends 0 Uncluskial health ?lews INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH :i3),PA. 00118319 err HWBB-0007701 /C?\ i ' .'-a. 'irsamL;1 - \vll l li , V i.,r ' !i< i>' ;; inatuiu within th. K....... 1.1 f l(-.i.ii'i h .1 T'Inhs- 0OX* 18320 rr Vol. 6. FOUNDATION FACTS January, 1944 Founa*tln is a monthly newt-letter issued to industrial concerns holding membership in Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation is a combined research and service institution to protect the health of workers in industry. No. 1. Practical Data on Employing the Veteran The panel discussion on "Putting the Disabled Veteran 3ack to Work," a highpoint of xhe Foundation's last annual nesting, is being published separately fron the meeting Proceedings and will be sent to member companies in a few days. This v/ill speed up distribution of practical data which becomes more important daily with the increasing demobilization of service men. One source says veterans arc being mustered out at the rate of 70,000 per month. The forthcoming report should be of specific assistance to companies in dealing v.ith this grave problem. Those who have questions regarding the rehabilitation of service men may send them to the Foundation. Res'Hts of Women in Industry Study Released Copies of the Foundation's plant-to-plant investigation of "Health Problems of Women in Industry," were sent to members recently. The report presents factual data collected by Dr. C.O. Sappington in visits to 54 war plants throughout the East and Mid -west. The study if receiving national publicity in the press and radio. Annual Index of Digest; List of Publications THE AIDTLVi INDEX _ covering the monthly INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST for 1943 is now being mimeographed and will be sent to numbers in the near future. Exactly 1163 separate items were reported during the year, exclusive of the November issue which is devoted to abstracts of most of the papers presented at the annual meeting. The list of the publications, and addresses, covered by the DIGEST, is being revised. This will also be sent to members in the near future so that they may order the text of articles abstracted in the DIGEST, when desired. Unless otherwise noted, the Founda tion has no copies of original publications or reprints for distribution. Mere New Members Latest audition to the Foundation's membership is.Allis-Chalmers Manufactur ing Company. Other new members, not previously reported, are Ball Brothers Company and Firth Sterling Steel Company. Thirty-three nev.' members joined in 1943. Annual Meeting Comment: "The better the working conditions the better the point of view and the better the production'." -- Charles F. Kettering. Company Publications Welcome A number of member companies send the Foundation their "house organs" or em ployee publications. The staff is glad to receive these journals since they arc help ful in hooping us informed of a member's industrial operations. "The Hawley Reporter," publication of the rlawloy Products Company, carries the following slogan: "More Days of 'fork Moan Fewer Days of Y;ar." NOUSTRlAL HYGIENE PQgNOATlON 4400 FIFTH AVENUE FITTSeuftOM. FA. HWB6-0007/03 January, 1944. Vol. VIII. No. 1. Industrial hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL igUIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 1 New Clauses in Labor Agreements. s A study of 300 labor agreements, 75 of which were signed in 1943, indicate WCt* ous labor relations trends, including an effort on the part of the unionep* lfr corporate employee benefits, such as group life insurance, hospltalilitlggji death benefits, and especially health and safety measures, in labor a9MRBll% Personnel, 20, 171-181 (November, 1943). (Editor's Note: The text' of the proposod Health and Safety Clauses of the HAJf wore sent to Foundation members recently for their information.) 2 Silicosis and Other Dust Disoasos Compensated in 1942. In New York State in 1942, 43 cases of silicosis and 21 cases of other dost dis eases were avsarded final compensation, the paid claims totaling $130,751 for silicosis and $15,030 for other dust diseases. The awards for silioosls Include those in which payments were completed for cases originating as far bade as 1936, when the law was passed, and the average cost per case would be higher if only the new cases were included. The occupations in which the most cases oocurred were: stonecutters 15, miners 9, metal chippcrs 5, and sandblasters and solders 5. Nineteen of the 43 cases ended in death. In the other dust diseases, flour, fur, chloride of lime, dyes, feathers, coke, and shell dusts were the cause of the disorder. There was one death involving pre-existing bronchial asttea and other ailments. The average age of the 43 men compensated for silioosls was 52. Industrial Bulletin (N.Y.), 22, 397-9 (October, 1943). 3 The Comm*" cnia. Dr. 0. Bergquist, a Swedish physician, has published the results of a study on the common cold in the medical journal, Svcnska Lakartidningen. The isfestlgation covered 655 male 'workers between the ages of 20 and 0. The subjects were divided into four similar groups each of whom received one of the following* A. Tablets of indifferent composition; B. Quinine tablets; C. Vitamin C tablets, and D. Quinino admixed with vitamin C. The tablets were labeled by letter and observations v/erc made for a period of three months. There was no statistical difference in .the suffering from colds in any of the groups end the conclusion is reached that quinine and vitamin C have no more effect on the cconon cold than sugar pills. -- Swedish International Press Bureau. 03118322 3* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 a 4 The "Cold" Season is on. jg CoIoj,influenza, ear infections, tonsillitis, bronchitis and pneunonia are conruSS causes of illness and absenteeism at this season. Unfortunately much still re- mains to be learned by scientists and physicians concerning these ailments, parg ticularly about the so-called ''common cold." Certain simple things wo do know: * One infection comes from anothor; those who do not com in contact with persons who are sneezing, coughing and giving other evidence of respiratory affections, generally do not contract these or allied complaints. Industrial nurses can ren der a fine service of prevention insofar as colds and possible serious complica tions are concerned. They should obtain suitable literature on these respiratory ailments and distribute copies free of charge to all employees. Word.-: of warning plus effective personal advice often accomplish much to reduce epidemics of colds and related ailments. -- Safety Eng., 8j5, 58 (November, 1943). 5 Preventing Welding and Cutting Fires. The rules ~r.d recommendations given in this booklet arc based on the combined ex perience of oxy-acetylene equipment users, equipment manufacturers, and members of the National Eire Protection Association, National Safety Council, and Inter national Acetylene Association. Copies can be obtained upon request from: International Acetylene Association, 30 E. 42nd St., New York 17, N.Y. 6 Returning Soldiers. J. A timely and important problem is the matter of rehabilitation of debilitlted and physically handicapped men returning to civilian life from-the battlefronw. Some employers feel a tremendous moral obligation to these men, while otters rafuea to hire anyone who does not measure up to peacetime standards. New fatone*,have entered the picture because of the widespread use of the airplane. Ttete^sr# concerned with mental ailments, whose effects are not yet fully understood' by doctors and psychiatrists. -- Management News, 16, 2 (November, 1943). 7 Employment and Training of Discharged Veterans. On December 12, 1943 the Office of War Information issued a report on tte train ing and employment opportunities open to discharged serviceaen. of this war* The report, based on information, obtained from 7 government agencies, indicates that a majority of the returning servicemen are successfully employed in war plants. At least 800,000 veterans of this war have been given discharges, 26,000 of whom have applied to the Veterans Administration for continued hospitalization and 2,800 to the same agency for vocational rehabilitation* The greater part of the report consists of a discussion of the prerogatives of the discharged veteran. Office of War Information. 8 Vocational Rehabilitation. On December 20, 1943, Federal Security Administrator Paul V. McNutt announced the assignment of Dr. Dean A. Clark, surgeon, U.S. Public Health Service, as chief medical officer of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation. He will take charge of the newly established Physical Rehabilitation Section* 9 Battle for Blood. A wager between the Moore Drydock Company, Oakland, Calif., and one of the Kaiser shipyards recently netted 2,000- pints of blood for the Red Cross. A "Weld for Blood" contest was held, with workers betting their blood on the result of a race between the acu woman welders of each company. 03118323 Hwdd-uO077flS Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 10 Health Bonus. Workers at one New York plant are literally being paid to keep healthy. To en courage physical fitness, the company offers a $10 bonus to employees -who maste: a sport well enough to be able to participate passably if not brilliantly. Work ers may take up baseball, track, archery, tennis, bowling, even pingpong. One condition -- it must be a sport they have never played before entering the fac tory. -- Forbes, 52^ 24 (November 15, 1943). 11 Hospital and Medical Insurance Plan.3 and Dental Benefits. /T*\ Non-profit hospital insurance plans have boen legalized in 32 states and 13 states have legalized medical care plans. Other states have similar legislation in preparation. Details of 1C typical medical care plans are presented in tabu lar foim. Looking at the data from the standpoint of the dental profession, the most striking feature in the plans is the nearly complete exclusion of dental work. In another article in the same issue, attention is called to a similar exclusion of dentists in proposed Social Security Acts. 12 Absenteeism in England. A correspondent writes: "Hero in England absentee workers are dealt with first by educational methods, and if this fails disciplinary action is taken. It is usual for workers losing a certain amount of time each month to be brought b*> fore the shop committee which is composed of fellow workers chosen by the woifcers themselves. This committee tries to get an improvement by talking tobe worker, presenting arguments for good attendance, and, if there is a good ex cuse, try to find some remedy. If the worker's record for the eeocoft month shows no improvement, the offender is sent to an official of the Iftslstxy- of Labor who usually prosecutes and the fine imposed is usually severe* . Thereby action is taken out of the hands of the fim* If the absence is due to Illness, old age or unforeseen circumstances these facts are noted in the report to the Ministry. The time lost is also reported. Usually the shop ccnmlttee gets the_ required improvement and it is seldom that a' case is referred to the Ministry."Textile World, (November, 1943) 13 Unusual Tricalorethylene Fatality. A night watchman in Birmingham, England, tried to dry clean his trousers by dip ping than in industrial trichlorcthylene, tc-k than into a shelter, turned on an electric radiator and went to sleep. He was killed by the vapor. -- Chen. Trade J# (October, 1943). Legal Developments 14 Death from Heat Stroke. Death as Due to Accident. Where an employee suffered a heat stroke when he temporarily stopped his work and took a drink of water and died, his death was due to accident and not to an act of God. The superior court did not err in reversing the award of the State 3oard of Workmen's Compensation, denying compensation to the claimant* Fidelity N & Casualty Company 7. Adams. Georgia Ct. of App., Decided Nov. 16, 1943.(CCH) 03118324 ') Industrial fyglene Digest - 4 ar*>* r*. 15 Chronlo Cardlao Condition. Increased Exertion in Course of Sanloyaent. Praoi^ pltatiBK Cause of Death. i An employer and his insurance carrier appeal from an award of death benefits S aade by the Workmen's Compensation Conaiasion to deceased's dependents. Deced^jt was a carpenter who had been afflicted with a cardiac condition for years and who, his doctor testified* was improving during the last year of his life. After carrying a 100 to 150 pound plank with his partner, he was attempting to slide the plank into proper position by himself while his partner watched to see when it was properly plaoed, and raaarked to his partner, "Boy I'm about to pass out." Within a few minutes he was dead. The court tolde that the increased exertion of sliding the plank in place was the precipitating cause of death. Affirmed. McGregor & Pickett v. Arrington. Ark. Supreme Ct. Decided Nor. 15, 1943.{CCH). 16 Tuberculosis as Incidental to Silicosis. Necessity of Exposure for Sixty Days or More. Lanucha, a molder and cleanup man, made a claim for compensation from hie employ er for disablement claimed to hare been caused by pulmonary tuberculosis, to which he was last exposed while in such maploywent. Compensation was iillownil. Plaintiff in error contends an employer is sot liable under the Workmen's Occu pational Diseases Act, effective October 1, 1936, in a case of silioosis, with or without tuberculosis, where it is undisputed that the employee was fflnjinl during a period of only forty-four days (as here) after the effective dab of the aot, because in such cases section 25 of the act require# a period of et least 60 days of exposure in employment after the effective date thereof# Xf such a limitation prevails in silicosis oases it would only semi MNHtti that it was intended to be applicable to oases of ordinary diseases whit* JdtiHmel- dentol to silicosis. Defendant in error's claim being barred by the prwrisdous of section 25 of the aot, the judgaent of the superior court is reversed. Western Foundry Co. y, Industrial Commission, ill. Supreme Ct# Decided Kov, 16, 1943, reck), ~ 17 Aggravation of Quiescent Tuberculosis, conditions in Course of Longshoremen's Act. Complainants seek to enjoin the enforcement of an award aade on March 12, 1943, by the Deputy Commissioner of the United States fisployees' Compensation Ccswdesion for the 13th District in favor of Robert B. Strand, An Injunction is sought under the extended authority of Section 21 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Aot, (33 U.S.C.A*, Section 921 (b)), as incorporated in an Aot of August 16, 1941, (42 U.S.C.A,, Sections 1631 to 1654, inclusive). Cow plainante contend that the evidence taken in the proceedings before the Deputy Commissioner fails to support the order and award aforesaid, and that as a con. sequence it is violative of the fifth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as an attempt to deprive oomplai&ants of their property without due pro* eess of law. The only issue to be detexmined was whether or not there was suffi cient evidence to support the findings and award of the Deputy Cell sal oner here in. The Deputy Commissioner found that while perfoadng eervioe for his ploy er defendant Strand became wholly disabled by the development of am active tuber culosis caused or exacerbated Into aotivity by a heavy cold contracted aboard ship. There was sufficient evidence to support the award# Judgaent accordingly. Lockheed Overseas Core, v. gillsbury. U.S, Dist. Ct,, So. Dist# of Cal, Decid ed Oct," 12, 1943, (CCH), 18 Co-Existing Silicosis and Tuberculosis, Statutory Allowance of Claim, Undis puted Evidence of aepoeure. From the allowance of compensation for death of an <*ployee claimed to have re sulted from silicosis, this appeal was granted. The erltloimt is that the order 03118325 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 (5 P'S. r>. a affirmatively shows that the Conmissioner found that the "deceased came to his death as the result of chronic tuberculosis, aggravated by exposure to silicon ]' dioxide dust," which it is argued, expressly negatives a death by silicosis. The orders and records made by administrative and quasi-judicial bodies arc not re- 3 quired to have the fullness and legal completeness of courts of law and chancery. If the pipers in the case, as a whole, suffice to make it clear that the Coamis- sioner did in fact approve and allow the claimant's claim it will be treated as a finding in her favor. The printed form attached to the order becomes a formal order either allowing or disallowing the claim. As the "Description of Injury" is given as "Silicosis, fatal," it is a plain adjudication and allowance of the plaintiff's claim and appellant's assignment of error in this respect is unten able. The fact that there was nothing to identify the specimen frem which claim ant's sole medical witness testified, is of no moment as he found nothing from this specimen to sustain the plaintiff's case. On the question of the decedent's exposure to silicon dioxide in hamful quantities the employer offered no evi dence. The undisputed evidence that deceased worked in this quarry as a loader for all but one year and four months of the period extending from 1927 to April, 1937, indicates that there is no possible question but that he was continuously exposed to this quarry dust for this long period. It cannot he said as a matter of law, that the Commissioner erred in holding that the decedent was exposed to silicon dioxide dust in hazt&ful quantities within the time and under the qireu^ stances required by the statute to be shown as a basis for compensation. la to the question whether the decedent did in fact die of "silicosis" as that tat is used in the statute, the court stated that the statute does not require the tuberculosis to be caused or even precoded by the silicosis proper* bat' wr that it accompany that disease. Affirmed. Hobaay v. Compensation Cqamlsstomi^' W.Va. Supreme Ct. of App, Decided Oct. 19, 1943. (CCHr 19 Silicosis. Instance Non-Coanensable Under the Act. Right to Action at Law for Damages. Conditions Constituting Negligence. Claimant having been denied relief under the Indiana Workmen's Occupational Dis eases Act, he brought an action at law for damages on the grounds of employer's negligence in failing to provide him a safe place to work. There was a jury vsr-* diet for claimant from which the aaployer-appellant now appeals. This oourt holds that there is no authority for tho position that a workman is bound by a compensation act where the injury or disease from whloh he suffers is aoi^ec pensable under the terns of the Act involved. Therefore, the Indiana Woriasn's Occupational Diseases Act has nothing to do with the cause of action set out in appellee's complaint and such cause of action was not abolished or struck down . by the existenoe of the Act. Mention of the Act was not essential to a gpod complaint and the pleading of its tend could not constitute a good answer. Tbs lower court therefore committed no error in overruling appellant's demurrer and in sustaining appellee's demurrer. To make one liable for negligence, it is not necessary that he should have foreseen the particular or precise injury that in fact occurred. If he negligently pemitted conditions to exist or continue from which he might reasonably have anticipated a certain class of injuries might very, likely result, and if the resulting Injury was of such class, his negligence i3 actionable. That appellant should have anticipated appellee's dis ease is evident by the existence of the Factory Act of 1899 which required ade quate exhaust fans and ventilation in rooms whero non-organic dust is continuous ly inhaled. Award affirmed. Dalton Foundries. Inc, v. Jefferies. Ind. Ct. of App., Decided Oct. 22, 1943. (CCH). 20 Potter's Death Due to Silicosis. Event that Starts Statute of Llnitat^f ftmnity This is a proceeding to review an order of the Industrial Accident Conisslon denying compensation for the death of an employee due to silicosis. The award 03118326 <rs\ 5553 -2< <C : oe Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 OfNB. fs. was denied on the grounds that, accordiig to section 5406 of the Labor Code, * where no dials has been filed by theanployee during his lifetime, the death benl? fit claim must be filed within two years frcm the date of injury, and if that time has elapsed before the death of the employee, the.death benefit claim is barred before it ever arose, Decedent, a pottery presser, had for many years * suffered, to a certain degree, chest pains and congestion and dyspnea; however, it -wasn't until April, 1939 that he and his wife learned that he had silicosis and that it was attributable to his wit. Except for an alleged but unconfinaed two weeks period of absence at that time, however, deceased was not disabled by reason of the silicosis until February, 1941. He died June 11, 1941 md his wife filed for compensation on December 1, 1941. An examination of his entire lifetime pay record shows no average decrease in his earning capacity up to the time he ceased work in February, 1941 due to the silicosis. This court holds that it is not the fact that the decedent may have been technically entitled to compensation that starts the statute running, even if he knew that he was so en titled, but that to have this result, the injury must have culminated in a real and material disability to perform his normal work and must have resulted in a material wage loss. Contradictory evidence on other points not considered by the Commission is to be considered* Award annulled and cause ra&anded. Bianco v. Industrial Accident Commission. Col. Dist. Ct. of App., 1st Dist. Dlv. 1. be dded Oct." la, 1943. (CCHj . 21 Sand-Blaster's Respiratory Condition. Brposare to Same Conditions as Ot Classes of Laborers. Occupation*! Disease. Oa this appeal from a judgment of the superior court for King Casriftz stftjlNd March 13, 1943, upon the verdict of a jury, reversing an order of the department of labor and industries, denying a claim for disability resulting from an occu pational disease, this court finds that, while there is seas showing that there wan a great quantity of dust in that portion of the plant where respondent was employed as a sandblaster, there is no showing that respondent's respiratory con-,,_ ditlon naturally and proximately resulted from his employment. At the nost, the testimony of one of the physicians goes no farther than that the respondent's exposure to the dust incident to his occupation delayed respondent's recovery frem sinus trouble, from which he has suffered a number of years. Respondent's condition cannot be classified as an occupational disease as it was brought about by conditions to which all laborers, regardless of their occupation, are exposed. Reversed and remanded. Romeo v; Dept, of Labor and Industries. Wash. Supraan Ct. Decided Oct. 25, 19431 (COT). i ) j Book Reviews and Notices 03118327 22 Rehabilitation of the Var Injured: A Symposiuu Edited by W.B. Doherty and D.D. Runes. Philosophical Library, N.Y., 1st edition, 685 pp. (1943) .Price $10. In this symposium 59 authors contributed to the discussion of 5 major aspects of the subject of rehabilitating the war injured. These aspects include the neuro logic and psychiatric soquollae of injury, reconstructive and plastic surgery, orthopedics, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, legal aspects of rehabilitation, and certain vascular and peripheral disturbances seen in survivors of shipwreck. This volume should interest those responsible for the rehabilitation of victims of industrial accidents as well o. to those concerned with the rehabilitation of war injured. (Editor's Note: The panel on "Putting the Disabled Veteran Beck r~ HBBB-0007709 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 to Hoik," a feature of the Foundation's last annual meeting, will be issued shortly. Members with questions on this subject may submit them to the panel through the Foundation.} 23 The Nutrition Front. Report of the New York State Joint Legislative f,TMwn-i on Nutrition. Legislative Document No. 64, 1043. 286 pp. This took is a compilation of papers by about 20 authors and a few anonymous reports, on various phases of public nutrition, with a letter of transmittal embodying the recommendations of the committee. About one-third of the book is devoted directly to industrial nutrition, but all the subjects discussed have more or less bearing on it. First are several papers on diet in general -- "What is an Adequate Diet?" and "Recent Trends in Pood Consumption" by Mrs. M. Harper; a report of a questionnaire by Dr. Gallup on "What Americans Should Eat and Don't;" a paper on "Factors Influencing our Diets," by E.L.Hoos; "Changing Food E?v its", byli.Uc-'id; ''Tji'vt They ore Er.ting Over There," by JJ.indberg.Tho first three, .though differing somewhat in details, demonstrate that average American diet is low in milk and its products,and according to Dr. Gallup also in eggs. However, the American of today eats more sugar and dairy products and drinks more citrus fruit juices and coffee than did his father. Mr. Eoos finds that, choice of a poor diet is Influenced much more by custom, family patterns and prejudices than by economic lack. Lindberg demonstrates that Americans are con suming more calories per capita than Europeans did in peacetime. Where ration ing is most successful -in Europe the better balanced diets and greater apprecia tion of food values has done much to offset the serious deficiency in supjXieg cf some foods. The next two papers describe Great Britain's war mitritttfl policy, including details of rationing, price control, industrial and school caafpens, special -allowances, end education. After a summary of the Canadian umalinlii tiens on nutrition, a number of articles deal directly with American industrial nutrition. A. Knudsen discusses the "Nutritional Status of Our People With Spe cial Reference tc War Workers." His conclusion is that our workers are net get ting the food they need for "all-out" production. Surveys suaaarized in the re port indicate that a large number of our -war workers are suffering from hidden hunger. In "Nutritional Problems in War Plants," May R. Mayers gives the r^ suits of a survey showing that half of the war plants in New Toxic State here no lunchroom facilities. Problems arising from this fact and others are outlined in her report. "Between-meal Feeding in Industry" is discussed by L.A.Groeaberg and H.W. Haggard, who conclude that it is desirable providing the food meets certain standards of nutrition and cleanliness. Haggard them presents the con troversial suoject "Should War Workers be Fed Vitamins." Admitting that our knowledge of vitamins is still very limited and agreeing that there is no need of supplementary vitamins for the adult population so far as. deficiency diseases are concerned, he believes that supplaaentary vitamins for war workers are desir able in order, to correct faulty diet. The subject is then discussed ty a niaber of nutritional authorities. Although their opinions confliot on the main ques tion, they all agree that education in food values would he a much better solu tion of the problem than administration of vitamins. Those on the affizmative advocate additional vitamins because the public cannot be educated quickly enough to know to provide adequate vitamins for sustaining war work. Several of those who advocate supplementary vitamins urge using th<Mi in the fox* of brewer's yeast rather than in synthetic preparations. Reports from a number of companies that have tried vitamins dispensing to employees, are nearly all favorable. Results of the "Bridgeport Lunch Box Plan" are reported by Beatrice H. Kneeland. News paper publicity, pamphlets, demonstrations and the aid of Mrs. Roosevelt by way of expressed approval combined to overcome inortia and opposition and put over the idea of packing nutritious lunches for most of the 70*000 war workers -of Bridgeport, Conn. This result would appear to answer the point that the public 03118328 jit /i D< 000771 Industrial Jygiene Digest - 8 cannot be educated in nutrition. Milk feeding by plant service is advocated by Ethel A. Martin. Brief statements by labor leaders on the attitude of labor to-j ward plant nutrition complete the strictly industrial portion of the book. Artig cles on several phases of public nutrition arc followed by outlines of adminia-:* trative organization. The letter of transmittal at. the beginning of the book * presents a brief summary of some of the results in the individual papers. To quote part of it: "Although there is a low prevalence of severe, acute malnutri tion in this, the best fed nation of the '.world, there is a high prevalence of mild, chronic nutritional deficiencies. Hidden hunger, which impairs efficiency and morale, loaves us susceptible to infection and disease. In time'of peace, tills condition is deplorable; in time of war, it is a calamity." Therefore nu trition is proper concern of all governments. The first set of recommendations is administrative, mostly in the way of better cooperation between agencies and making organizations permanent. Recommendations on industrial nutrition include: (1; the first objective of the state nutrition policy should be that of improv ing the diet of war workers; (2) war plants should be required to operate can teens, encouraged to serve between-meal snacks of nutritious foods; (3) war plants should add brewer's yeast to on-the-job diets; (4) war plants should co operate in nutritional studies, and (5) food served in factory canteens should not be subject to rationing. 24 Manual of Foods. H.J. Heinz Company, Pittsburgh, Pa* 1st Edition. Booklet 20 pp. {January, 1942). i This brochure is issued to satisfy a demand for a less technical and mere tom* densed publication than the "Nutritional Charts" which have been published'in frequent now 'iitiens by the Heinz Company since 1934. The latter arm pretax*d expressly for medical, dental, end dietetic specialists, while this booklet is available also to laymen who are especially interested in foods and nutrition* (Editor's Note: Copies of this Manual may be secured from the Foundation.) 25 Chronic Pulmonary Disease in South '.Vales Coal Miners, tl. Bnvi Studies. _ Moaicsl Research Council (Great Britain). Special Report Series Kb. 244. London H.M. Stationer;/ Office, 1943. 222 pp. Price 10s 3d. This volume supplements Part 1, published in 1942 (February, 1943 Digest, Abstract No. 136), which unbraced the medical survey and pathological studies* The pre sent volume begins with (a) a brief report by the Committee on Industrial Pulmon ary Disease, \nd the remaining sections deal with: (b) physical studies of the dust hazard and thermal environment; (c) mass concentrations of air-borne dust; (d) composition of the air-borne dust at the coalface; (e) petrology of coal- measures, shales and sandstones; (f) chemical and x-ray diffraction analysis of tho roof and clod and of mineral matter in coal; and (g) nitrous fuses in rela tion to pulmonary disease. The separate investigations reported in these chap ters were conducted by T. Bedford, C.G, Earner, H.V.A. Briscoe, A*Braiall, J.G.C. Leech, J.I* Grahnm and others well known in the literature of air hygiene in mines. Some of the material has been published in separate papers but the entire report contains much valuable material for anyone interested in working conditions in nines. The dust counts at the coalface are correlated with methods of working, effects of shot firing, nature of work being conducted, and moisture. The effect of Dist reduction by water was studied. Various collieries are com pared as to number, mass concentration and size of particles* The maximim per missible dustiness is given in terms of mass and particle count. The study of atmospheric conditions did not lead to any positive conclusion on the relation of temperature to pulmonary disease. Atmospheric humidity itself has no influ ence on incidence of pulmonary disease. In the study of composition of air-borne dust, involving samples from 13 mines, no relation was found between the inci dence of pulmonary abnormalities and the ash percentage or ash ccopoeition, if 03118329 Htt6B-0OO/7i i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 9 all the dusts are compared. However, if the anthracite dusts alone are taken, there is a slight quantitative relation between quartz content (averaging about O.IjS) and incidence. In the petrological study, the conclusion is drawn th3t "the incidence of pneumoconiosis appears to be positively associated with the geological changes induced by pressure; it increases as the rank of coal changes from bituminous to high grade anthracite, and our observations show that there is a relationship between the incidence of pulmonary abnormalities in the work ers and the degree of metamorphism induced by pressure in the shales." A maaber of photomicro graphic plates accompany the section. The conclusions from chemi cal and x-ray diffraction analysts are not so definite and further study is re quired. There was no evidence that nitrous fumes from shot-firing tend to pro duce pneumoconiosis, but again the data are insufficient, and all precautions should be taken to avoid exposure, including reduction of shot-firing to a mini .--n mum, absorption of the fumes in sheathed cartridges, and removal from the air by a mist of sodium or ammonium carbonate. 26 A Critical Analysis of Collapse in Underground Workers on the Kolar Gold Field. A. Caplan. Paper, 95 pp. Published in India. 1942. a This is a discussion of the results of an investigation of the mechanism of heat collapse and its contributory causes in several mines of the Kolar Gold field of India. The factors observed that may have Influenced the Incidence of heaj col lapse were individual, seasonal and underground. Information was obtainedfoa all three factors, from case history and physical examination, informatioafom surface conditions and underground factors such as wet and dry bulfe. temperatures, humidity and air velocity. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the first 2 factors. The most interesting data deal with the 200 case* in tha group in which underground conditions and individual factors, unacclimatization, loss of acclimatization and health disturbances contributed to the collapse. It was shown that acclimatization to hotter underground atmospheres existing on deeper levels cannot be developed by many months of continuous work on the cool er levels. Loss of acclimatization appeared to be mueh more important in predis posing to heat collapse than unacclimatization. The health disturbances that predisposed to collapse were fever, effects of alcohol, nutritional defects, and water and chloride deficiency. The pathologic physiology of collapse is discus sed in terns of changes in the cardiovascular system and water and chloride mechanism. There was a definite correlation between incidence of collapse and surface humidity, positively establishing the deleterious effect of high humidity. If the dry oulb temperature is 110-120?? on the low slopes, 91 to 93*9 is a bor derline condition, 94 to 95 poor ventilation and 96 or over highly conducive to collapse. The problem of the mining engineer is to prevent the wet bulb at the face from rising over 93*9. Installation of air refrigeration at two of the mines brought about a great decrease in incidence of collapse. The effect of this improvement will continue several years, but with further development of the mines it will again became a major problem taxing the ingenuity of the min ing engineer. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects 03118330 7 Safety in `.Voter Plants. V.W. Buys. J.Am.Water Works Assoc., 35, 317-19 (March, 1943). The principal classes of hazard are physical injury, infection and gas exposure. The gases that may be encountered in water works are ammonia, carbon monoxide, chlorine, gasoline, carbon dioxide and natural gas. Protection involves detection of the hazard and mask equipment wherever there stay be exposure. ll. fitftifi-000771? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10 28 Health Hazards in Chemical Industry, J. Creevey. Chem. Age., 49, 184-5 C J (August 21, 1943). A general discussion is presented of precautions to be observed in handling pro ducts used in the chemical industry, which are dangerous to' health. Need for precautions with hew products and the danger in relaxing vigilance in iong used processes are stressed. Variations susceptibilities of different persons and under different conditions are noted. 29 Health Control in Welding. Philip Drinker. Calif, and Western Med., 59, 18-21 (July, 1943). On the West Coast it is not yet universal for workers to be given pre-placcment physical examinations, tut it is expected that these and periodic chock examina tions will be extended as the necessary machinery and personnel become available. r-*. At least half the workers in shipyards have some exposure to welding fumes, Metal fume fever, duo to breathing sine oxide fumes from welding galvanized iron, does not predispose to tuberculosis ana the fume effects are not emulative. In weld ing steel plates, however, iron oxide fumes are given off, which remain consider ably longer in the body. When an arc is struck a small amount of toxic nitrogen peroxide is formed which will produce fatal lung edema if breathed in excessive dosage due to improper ventilation. In lessor -amounts it irritates the trachea, bronchi!, and lungs. When ventilation cannot be improved, adequate or respirators should be worn beneath the helmets. Other hazards are fumes gffren off in electric welding, due to the rod composition and coating, and lead jtf,soa- Ing from welding painted metal. Health control embodies knowledge of weldfig. risks end proper use of protective equipment. The staff of Safety *&&&& Consultants set up by the Maritime Commission end the Navy conducts liwpistlonfl to check protective equipment, local conditions, medical and first-aid facilities, and general procedures in all yards. 30 Welding Fumes and Gases: Their Effects on the Health of the Worker. J. Bvodie. Calif and Western Med., 59, 13-18 (July, T943j\ Welding is not a hazardous occupation if the concentration of fumes is kept at a low level. Fibrotic or nodular changes which may be observed after many years of welding are now recognized as haimless by the physician. With this knCftdedge he should reassure his patients and explain away their fears. Three sources of danger to the worker are: (1) the hoat of the welding arc, responsible for buns, and also the presence of ozone, nitrous fuses, and the intense ultra-violet rays generated; (2) the composition of welding rods and their coverings, responsible for particulate fumes of iron and coating fuses of manganese, chramita, cadmlia, nickel, zinc and magnesium, and also fluorides, silicates, varnish, rubber, etc.; ' (3) the important factor of oxygen deficiency. Clinical aspects, reactions, symptoms diagnosis and treamnent, end finally, prevention are discussed. 31 Light Conditioning for Arc Welding. Mag. Light, 12, 14-17 (March 25, 1943). At the arc welding sites of a tank factory, reflecting surfaces such as walls and girders were painted with zinc oxide (ultraviolet absorbing) bass paints, and the federal lighting in the area was increased to 150 foot candles. Workers on non-welding tasks in close proximity to the arcs experienced a feeling of freedom and relaxation. Goggles equipped with No,4 lenses protected these work ers from harmful radiation directly in their view, yet there was sufficient illu mination to seo safely through the Ions. The welder wearing the usual oye pro tection recpiirod for the job, experienced no difficulty in readjusting his eyes whenever ho roised his hood, due to easy light contrasting conditions. Masking the border of the seam to be welded with white asbestos increased the clarity of the welding line. 03118331 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 32 Frequency and_Causatiqn_of .Digestive Disturbance in Electro- and Autoeen-WWld^i* Roesing. Arch* f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg., 11., 77-?5, (October 10, 194l}. (German)* The principles of tw essential processes of welding are described. With the Auto** gon process, in which the source of heat is a gas flame, only gases (CO and N022 are evolved, but under ordinary conditions not in injurious amounts. Investiga2 tions by the author among the welders at Krupp*s steel works show an increased frequency of digestive disturbances among electro-welders, but autogen-welders had no greater incidence than other workers. Its causation is not established out it is thought to be related to the fumes arising during electro-welding. Ho conclusive evidence as to the constituent responsible is available. Mr.nganese, which is one of the substances used to cover the electrodes, is tentatively sug gested, though the digestive symptoms are non-specific and unrelated to severe injury such as has been observed in manganese poisoning. Prophylactic measures include mechanical ventilation (preferable to the wearing of masks), protective clothing, adequate nutrition with sufficient time for meals, attention to teeth, avoidance of alcoholism and excessive smoking. 33 Safety Speeds Production. U.S. Dept, of Labor, Div. of Labor Standards, Special Bull., No. 10. 1243. 21 pp. Obtainable on request from the above Division* Washington, D.C. This ramphlet, directed to supervisors, represents the experience of hundreds of foremen, and has been reviewed for accuracy and usefulness by safety engLAers in war plants acting as representatives of the Labor Departments National Com nittee for the Conservation of Manpower in War Industries. It expresses Ifee gen eral safety rules, regarding good housekeeping, direction of workers in uss of safety equipment, securing the worker's cooperation, etc., In simple soft often emphatic terms. 34 A Guide to the Prevention of Weight-Lifting Injuries. Special Bull. No. 11, U.S. Dept, of Labor. Pamphlet 20 pp. For s-le by Supt. of Documents, tf.S. Govern ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C, Price 10 cents. This Bulletin is issued to meet requests from various agencies for acne standards for practical means of holding to a minimum, injuries from handling of materials. Recommended principles are: good planning by management in the use of mechanical devices and in controlling the amount, pace, and duration of manual lifting and carrying and proper selection and training of workers for heavy jobs. 35 Ordinance And Code Regulating Eating and Drinking Establishments. Recommended by the United States Public Health Service. 1243. Public Health Bull., No. 280. 60 pp. Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, 0.3, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20 cents. This bulletin gives complete regulations for sanitation and safety of eating end drinking establishments. Although they do not necessarily represent the actual regulations in force in any particular state or municipality, they may be of in terest to any company maintaining a cafeteria or lunchroom, as some of the regu lations would apply to such establishments as well as to comorclal restaurants. Although details are uinhecessory hero, one point of interest is that seme atten tion is paid to-cadmium poisoning; utensils plated with lead and cadmium are pro hibited, and :i field test for detection of cadmium is included. 36 Dust Sxplosionc - They Can Happen Here. Anonymous. Modern Ind., _6,80-7 (December 15, 1243). Attention is called to the fact that the dangers of dust explosions ana resultant fires exist practically throughout the entire range of industiy. Some instruments for testing concentrations in factories are mentioned. The dust bemb is a device for determining the explosive densities of dusts. Suggestions for safeguarding against dust hazards are given. Factory good housekeeping is the first esiseniial among these. 03118332 0 >i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12 3 3? Explosion Hazards of Combustible Anesthetics, G.W. Jones and others. U.S. Depf^ of the Interior, Bureau of Mines Tech. Paper No. 653, 47 pp. (1943). Obnainabl^ from Supt. of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,D.C. 15*. This report stxamarizee the laboratory and clinical investigations carried out relative to the inflammability of various gaseous anesthetic mixtures. The var-*a ious factors that contribute to the explosion hazards in anesthesia are discuss-i* ed briefly. The laboratory investigations deal with the ignition temperatures * of combustible anesthetics in air and oxygen and their limits of inflammability in ?.ir, oxygen, and nitrous oxide. The inflammability of a nunber of mixtures of anesthetics with oxygen has been determined. Emphasis has been placed on the procedure of adding helium to the inflammable anesthetic mixtures in amounts suf ficient to reduce the oxygen content to the point where the mixtures are outside the inflammability range. The laboratory results that showed the most promise were investigated further by carrying out numerous clinical experiments at the St. Francis and other hospitals in the Pittsburgh district. The experiments were confined largely to the use of cyclopropano-oxygen-helium and cy'clopropaneether-oxygen-helium mixtures. Tho method, used in sampling and determining the explosibility of the anesthetic mixtures is described. A summary of the labora tory and clinical investigations given in this report proves rather conclusively that satisfactory non-inflammable anesthetic mixtures can be obtained by the addition of helium in sufficient amounts to cyclopropane and oxygen and cyclo propane, ether, and oxygen mixtures. -- Frcei Authors* summary. 36 Crusting of Nasal Mucous Membranes and Exposure to Dusts. Queries and Miar Notes. J.A.ti.A., 123. 1006 TDecoiber 11, 1943). f A worker in glass manufacture has a perforation of the nasal septia* foUopiig. injuries about 15 years ago. The question Is whether daily exposure to dusts ordinarily encountered in glass manufacture (sand, soda ash, salfccefcb, limestone, feldspar, arsenic end coal), may cause or aggravate the trouble sad cause crusting which is noted. The answer is that any or all of the dusts would predispose to crusting, which would be accelerated by the presence of a deviated septum resulting from previous trauma. The crusting of an exposed angle of a fractured cartilage would lead to ulceration and perforation of the septum*.and subsequent erosion would enlarge a perforation already occurring. Thorapy mold be only moderately successful as long as the m*yp continues to work in tbp same atmosphere. 39 Prevention of Industrial Dermatitis. M.A. Lesser. Drug and Cosmetic Ind., 58, 630-631, 701-705 (December, 1943). The author presents salient facts of dermatitis, with a nuabar of references to recent work, and gives formulas for 5 non-irritating detergents and 15 protective creams, including examples of the 6 types as classified by Schwartz. 40 An Outbreak of Dermatitis from Hair Lacquer. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Bepts., 58, 1623-1625 (October 29, 1943)". Hair lacquers were originally made from shellac, but with the substitution of synthetic resins for shellac cases of dermatitis began to appear. Basins fra two independent sources, one in propyl alcohol solution at a pH of 3, and the other cooked ..1th alkali and at a pH of 9, caused dermatitis and both resins were found to be combinations of rosin and maleic anhydride. Patoh tests proved that the lacquers wore the actual cause of the dermatitis, and acted through sensiti zation rather than primary irritation. 41 Dermatitis Due to Hair Lacquer and Nail Polish (Lacquer). H. Keil. J.A.M.A. 123 , 65 7-56 (November 27, 1943). In connection with various cases of dermatitis from hair lacquer and nail polish, which is also a lacquer, 3ome reported by others and some noted by the author, 03118333 fyfuW o Industrial Hygiene Digest - 13 '.T. rrvs.. he found that several types of resin produced a positive reaction, including the ~\=T\ melamine-formaldehyde, p-toluene sulfonamide formaldehyde resins, and possibly others. He suggests that patients with hair lacquer dermatitis be first tested with p-toluene sulfonamide-formaldehyde, :c 42 Grain Itch, G.K. Rogers. J.A.M.A., 123. 887 (December 4, 1943). Grain itch is one of the terms used to describe a condition caused by Pediculoides ventricocus, which is fairly ccaamon in certain farm districts of the United States. Many cr.sea of the disease are never diagnosed, the cause being attri buted to some form of allergy or to insect bite. Symptoms and etiology are dis cussed and a number of case reports are given, as well as treatments used in cer tain cases. Recommended remedies are the use of warm demulcent baths such as oatmeal or Unit starch. A formula is given for a mild antipruritic lotion which gives relief. Preventive measures require cooperation of the farmer and the state entomologist. Burning the grain is a control measure. The use of powdered sulfur, the dust treatment of granaries, buildings and other materials contacted by grain and straw, to get rid of the mite is advised by one authority. 43 Dermatitis of Hands of Ditto Machine Operators, Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.M. A., 123. 1149 (December 23. 1943). Dermatitis of the hands among ditto machine operators is not of Infrequent occur rence. If it is occupational, the carbon paper is not the usual cause. Zfc an investigation of an outbreak of dermatitis among office workers (Schwartz,rLouia, Sulzberger, Marion B: Dermatitis Among a Group of Office Workers found Not to Be of Occupational Origin, Pub. Health Repts., 52, 1441 October 15, 199?) patch tests were performed on 54 persons with carbon papers of various oospofittooi without obtaining any positive reactions. The cause of the dermatitis, If occu pational, in most cases is the cleanser used to remove the indelible dyes from the skin. While the composition of the particular ditto remover which is men tioned is not available, such dye removers usually consist of a eoap or a vanish ing cream base containing a solvent such as carbltol or carbon tetrachloride. Dermatitis may well be caused by the frequent use of such a dye Tmcrrer, especial ly if the skin is naturally thin and dry. Not only does duch a dye remover tend to remove the indelible dye from the epithelium, but it also tends to remove the fatty secretiona of the skin. Many cases of dermatitis caused by ditto remover cannot be proved by patch tests, because in performing the patch test only a small amount of the remover is used, whereas under actual working conditions the skin is exposed to much greater amounts. The indelible inks used on ditto ma chines consist of such dyes as methyl violet, crystal violet, various oils and solvents. In rare instances, sensitivity may be present to one or more of these ingredients. A method suggested for the removal of indelible ink stains from the skin is to immerse the hands in a 1:1,000 solution of potossiia permanganate for a minute, followed by washing the hands in a ^ solution of sodlia bisulfite. This is to be followed by washing with soap and water to remove all traces of the reagents. In cases in which such treatment has a deleterious action on the skin, it should be followed by the use of a simple emollient creem such as equal parts of wool fat and cold cream. 44 Pulmonary Edema. J.M. Carlisle. J.A.M.A., 123, 947-948 (December 11, 1943). A method for prevention and troamnent of pulmonary edema following exposure to toxic gases is discussed. It consists of the inmediate administration of oxygen under atmospheric pressure with a provision for expiration against calibrated resistance of from 1 to 6 cm. of water pressure. If treatment has been delayed, the administration of 1 to 100 per cent solution of epinephrine by the oral nebulizer method either prior to or during the administration of oxygon is a valuable adjunct. 03118334 V HiffiB-0007716 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 45 Sulfadiazine in the Treatment of the Common Cold. R.L. Cecil, N. Pluusner and W.O^SmelUeTj.A*MX 124. 8-14 (January 1. 19441. (1) Seventy-two colds in 66 different persons were followed clinically and bacteriologically; 48 received sulfadiazine 3.0 gpu daily by mouth for four days, while 24 served as controls. (2) Following sulfadiazine, the nasopharyngeal flora as observod by serial cultures showed a uniform decrease in total number of organisms and a check in the growth of pathogens. (3) The clinical course of the treated colds showed no striking difference from that of the controls; how ever, there appeared to be some amelioration of symptoms due to control of secon dary bacterial infection. (4) As a result of this study, we are opposed to the routine use of sulfonamides in the treatment of the common cold but would favor their U3e in a few selected cases as a protection against severe secondary in fection. -- Authors* sunmary. 46 Distribution of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in the United States. A.J.Bedell. J.A.M.A.. T25. 1101 (December 25. 1943). Keratoconjunctivitis is not a new disease. It affects both young and old* There has been no epidemic in the shipyards on the Gulf of Mexico or along the Atlantic coast, proving conclusively that it is act a shipyard disease per so. During the rush of war it is possible that several diseases have been included undar the title epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. It is certain that more complications and greater and more extensive involvements were reported from the West Co^rt and Hawaii than have been experienced in other parte of the country* To lifer that the epidemic spread throughout the United States is not warranted by jha collected facts. -- From Author* s conclusions. 47 Infra-red Therapy of Plash Keratoconjunctivitis. D.G. Cogan, V.Z* Kinsey and Philip Drinker. J.A.M.A. 123. 883 (Decenber 4, 1943)* The use of infra-red radiation in the treatment of an ocular condition produced by exposure to welding arcs has been reported. Because of the recent increase in "Flash" keratoconjunctivitis and of the wide attention which this form of treatment has received,' animal experiments were undertakes to determine whether or not, the clinical report had an experimental corroboration* Keratoconjuncti vitis was produced in rabbits by exposure to a mercury vapor arc* After the establishment of doses that would result in reproducible signs, alternate eyes were treated by means of a therapeutic heat lamp* No evidence was obtained to indicate that this form of treatment benefited the keratoconjunctivitis. 48 Significance of Visual Defects in War Production Effort. H.S. Kuhn. J.A.M.A,, 123, 1085-88 (December 25, 1943). A direct correlation was found between accuracy in production end visual perfec tion as well as between lost time accidents and defects in visual performance* Detailed data on aaployees* visual ability has been obtained by means of the following tests: (1) uncorrected accuity for distant and for near vision; (2) accuity with glasses habitually-worn i.e., work accuity; (3) suede balaaoe for distant and for near vision; (4) stereopsia and , (5) color appreciation* To these tcst3 which provide a minimum amount of information are added special tests of near vision, us might be needed in selecting eyes for exceedingly intricate work done Yd. thin 12 inches of the eye, A study was made of the level ~f defects with in industry and the civilian pool of labor reserve in 1940 with a duplication in 1943. The picture found as of today is said to be a startling one* The percent age of defects among those at work in 1943 has risen slightly, but most serious of all, the percentages of defects in unaided eyes in the slowly dwindling stream of civilian applicants has doubled. The percentage of defeots among persons wearing their work correction is also up, and almost to an equal degree* These 03118335 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15 findings have great significance when it is realised that the ms&ber of Jobs where a man does not need to see well are becoming rare* As a solution to this > problem many vital industries are enlarging their eye program to provide infonaa.il tion immediately, often inside the plant, whether the man with 2/100' vision in ? each eye can havo his vision brought back to normal with glasses. It is also vital to dsteimine whether a person with 20/200 vision in one eye and 20/20 in 3 the other, has a progressive occular disease that wili in time effect the nonaal* eye. 49 Polyneuritis in Occupational Diseases. A.V. Ramos. Anais faculdade mod. univ. fs S. Paulo.. 16. 559-598 Il940). (Portuguese) Polyneuritic symptoms accompanying industrial poisoning by lead, arsenic, mer cury, manganese, carbon disulfide, carbon monoxide, benzene, nitrophenol, ani line, nicotine and picric acid are discussed. 152 references. 50 Cardiovascular Adjustments of Man in Rest and Work During Exposure to Pry Heat. H.L. Taylor and others, Amer^~J. Physiol*T 139 , 583-591 (August. 1943). $ Seven thousand observations were made on pulse, blood pressure, rectal tempera 0 ture and rate of sweating during work and at rest on 43 subjects (202 subject days). They had a constant salt diet before and during exposure to dry heat for 2 to 8 days. Additional observations were made on 23 other subjects for 147 0 subject days. Observations of blood pressure before and after elevation on a tilt table were made morning and evening. Modified Crompton score# of dwrjjo- vascular fitness were calculated from these figures. The primary adjustttfR involved in acclimatization to heat is an improvement in cardiovaecuAaS? efjBjfc ciency. A decrease in the accumulation of heat, as measured by the peratur during work, is probably secondary to cardiovascular ImproVtfdM^^fci average daily sweat loss is not affected by acclimatization* The mUf dr emitt ing during work tends to increase as acclimatization proceeds but half of this change occurs after the more important adjustments, as indicated by the reotal temperature and pulse rate during work, have taken place* The failure of the work pulse rate to show improvement over the value of the first day is a sign of impending heat exhaustion; similarly, poor cardiovascular postural adjustment in the evening i3 a danger sign. (Ten cases of heat exhaustion occurred*) Bone <c -- of the variables studied In the cold (control) are useful in the prediction of the ability to acclimatize in subsequent exposure to heat* 51 Heat Relief. A.R, Smith. N.Y. State lad. Bull., 22, 253 (Jvme, 1943}* Muscle cramps, heat exhaustion and boat stroke resulting, from prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures are of considerable importance. Affecting far more people are the ordinary feelings of lack of energy and drowsiness In duced by hot weather, and reflected in the diminished output and efficiency* These can be reduced* The replacement of salt lost in sweat can be done (1) by the use of salt tablets or (2) by tho addition of salt to the drinking water in a concentration of 0*1 per cent* Local cooling has given favorable results by either a blast of air directed over workers or the introduotlon of cooler air inside loose fitting coveralls. Diet must be good in hot weather for the body need3 the energy it gets from three good meals a day as much when the twperature rises as at any other time* There is some reason to believe that Vitamin C is especially helpful in offsetting the fatiguing effects of hot weather* 52 How Industry Battles Noise to Win Production. Anonymous. Modern Ind*t 4649 (December 15, 1943). Executives and employees offer many practical suggestions to help cut down ex cessive manufacturing noise. Correcting excessive noise had been found to re duce fatigue, raise morale and increase output. Adaptability of devices to post war conditions demands special study* 03118336 0 0 0 // IH Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16 53 The Abatement of Noise* C.P. McCord and J.D. Goodell. J.A.M.A., 123. 47&.4Q0 (October 23, 1943)* Present circumstances of living and wording have increased greatly the quantity and continuity of noise. Much of the current noise is unnecessary and its toler ation is no longer a virtue. Fundamental principles of physics which are appliesi in the suppression of noise are tabulated and illustrations are given. Some methods used in industry for noise abatnent are listed. Architectural noise prevention may be accomplished by providing certain structural features. The authors believe that the key to noise amelioration is education of the public as a whole and in groups along with necessary legislation. Some provisions of the New York City Noise Abatement Code are given. 54 Medical Aspects of High Altitude Flight. D.N.W. Grant. Ann.Int.Med., IS, 10061011 (June, 1943). Five major problems present themselves in aviation medicine: (1) selection and training of flying personnel* (2) anoxia or oxygen want, (3) aero-omboliaa, (4) expansion of gases in the body cavity and alimentary canal* and (5) loir tem peratures. Selection and training of flying personnel is a separate problaa unto itself. Anoxia does not have the same effect upon all individuals, but the author believes it mandatory that oxygen equipment be used above 10,000 feet in the event that flight' is to be longer than two hours. The average individual begins to become anoxic at altitudes above 33,000 feet even though be Is 1{ratbing pure oxygen and is engaging in little or no activity. Various reactiqms and recommendations are discussed. Aero-embolism can be avoided if the aaximm rate of ascent is not more than 78 feet per minute, but this is always exeeedmrin aircraft. Breathing pure oxygen while exercising before the tnlre off any drive off much of the nitrogen from the blood and tissues, but it is probable that not over half of the young aviators can go to 35,000 feet for four hours without symptoms. Expansion of gases in the body cavities and the alimentary canal will always occur when a difference in pressure exists. Particularly annoying are plugged eustachinn tubes or sinuses which may lead to severe pain and marked trauma. The problem of low temperatures is an engineering probltfu Other prob lems are high Accelerations* fatigue and clothing. 55 The Use of the Stethoscope in the Prevention of "Boiler-makers Laryngitis." L.R. Krasno and others. J.A.M.A.. 123. 958 (December 11. 1943j. Many cases of laryngitis occur in industries where the existence of noise makes it necessary to shout and strain the voice in order to be heard. To prevent this condition a simple conanunication system is effected by the use qf the stethoscope. The speaker talks through the bell of the stethoscope and the re ceiver listens through the ear pieces. 56 Researches on Industrial Lighting. O.A. Hill, Jr. The International Assoc, of Milk Dealers Bull.. 35, 103-122 (January. 1943) The studies reported were made by the Illuminating Engineering Society in cooper ation with the International Association of Milk Dealers, the Dairy Industries Supply Association, Inc., and the Glass Container Association of America, The benefits of good illumination are less breakage, improved cleanliness, better utilization of floor space and less eye strain. A table presents recarmended minimum operating foot candles in service for each room, and the different pro cesses in the milk plant. Special treatment proposed for bottle inspection is a luminous panol incorporated into the unloading mechanism. Purely local light ing restricted to a small work area is said to bo unsatisfactory unless there is sufficient general illumination in a ratio of 5 to 1. 03118337 o Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 17 pn, 57 Lighting and War Production. W.C. Darley. Illun. Engin., 38, 307-25 ( The effect of light on safety, as well as quality and -quantity of production inj war plants, i3 discussed. Date on the most economical use of critical materials in providing adequate illumination for various types of buildings is listed. s* jg 58 Fatigue Its Cause and Cure. A. Gray. Mill & Factory, 33, 101,222-224 (Septem ber, 1943) The author briefly reviews the fundamentals of fatigue in its chemical and phy siological aspects, including the formation of lactic acid in the muscle during activity and its removal during rest. Experiments dsconstrating the need of rest periods lengthening with the degree and duration of activity are described brief ly, and the fundamental principle thus established is applied to practical con ditions. Some of the present "speed-up" is injurious, and a happy medium be tween output and physical needs must be established. 59 Symposia on Fatigue. .American Society for Research in Psychofionatia Prahia. H. Davis, W.H. Forbes, 3.A. Portia, and S.H. Bartley. Psychosomatic Med., 5, 152-165 (April, 1943). Dr. Davis defines fatigue as impairment of performance, which can be brought about by decreased response, decreased excitability, or decreased coordination. Subjective fatigue is of importance physiologically as a safeguard of natave against organic damage.due to overwork. Training has as its aim, (a) Election of the average level of performance, (b) Elevation of the peek of perforates** and (c) Lengthening of the time during which the peak performance can be qpfl* tained. Dr. Forbes classifies fatigue into three types, physical* nervous. These types show different symptoms, hence it would be WQgftfHPilflk of fatigue as an entity. Dr. Portls discusses fatigue as a symptom In mwo psychiatric patients. Dr* Bartley sees fatigue as a symptom of oonflict aad frustration. He points out that fatigue is not necessarily the result of work, that the change from one type of work to another may actually alleviate fatigue. __ Several types of conflict are listed as causative of fatigue* Dr* Mile# pointed out that these conflicts may be reduced by setting up subjective barrier* again st distractive influences, and by concentration which in turn is furthered by interest in the work. 60 Cardiac Deviations in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. P.M.J. Schweitzer and GJUC. Bosch. Nederland. Tijdschr. Geneeskunde, 86, 1810-17 (1942). (Dutch). The writers describe the electrocardiographic changes, which ares (1) a fleet ing type attributable to transitory anoxia of the cardiac muscle, end (2) another type appearing after several days and supposedly caused by gross anatomical de viations. The latter type is probably favored by a relative deficiency in coronary circulation and may be related to exercise while blood carbon monoxide is high. Thus it is important to eliminate carbon monoxide from the blood as completely and as rapidly as possible and to watch the electrocardiogram of the patient regularly and for a long time. Absolute rest is necessary so loag as abnormalities are present in the electrocardiogram* 61 Changes Provoked by Dust In the Lungs of Laborers Occupied in Working Up Petroleum Ash Containing Vanadium. G. Balestra and F. Molfino. Hass, med* ind., 13, 5-12 (1942). Lung damage was caused by inhalation of dust containing 85 per oe&t of vanadiua oxide while at work. The general picture was somewhat different from that of ordinary pneumoconiosis. 03118338 tiBB-fiO07770 Industrial Hygione Digest - 18 62 Fluoride Ingestion and Bone Changes in Experimental Animals* E.J. Largeat, V/. ^achle and I.F. Freneau. J.Ind.Hyg.fc Tox., 25, 396-408 (November, 1943). Rabbits were fed diets containing fluorine to the extent of 12-50 mg. per kg. per day for a period of 1S-92 days. Macroscopic bone changes developed in every animal so fod, and the fluoride content of the skeleton increased greatly. Roentgenographic examination failed to reveal the presence of these e^rly bone changes. In the case of rabbits the lower jaw is a frequent site of the gross changes induced by excessive absorption of fluorine. It is suggested that roentgonographic study of the jaw in man may prove to be a useful means of detecting such changes at an early 3tage. The new bone resulting from excessive absorption of fluorine by rabbits has a non-specific basic architecture that bears a general resomb l once to the callus resulting after fracture. -- Authors* summary. 63 A Case of Bronchial Asthma Due to Aluminum Dust. L.H. Cotter. J.Ind.Hyg.fi: Tox., 25, 421 (November, 1943). A worker in an airplane factory, whose job consisted of boring holes in alvoiinum plates, suffered attacks of difficult breathing, which were only relieved by leaving the plant. The symptoms recurred on his return, although the dust expo sure was not as severe as before. The only abnormalities were chest conditions and high blood count and hemoglobin concentration. Evang reported similar cases in Norway in 1938, but this is the first case recorded since then, and the only one in United States literature. i * 64 Spontaneous Ignition of Zinc Dust. S. Wehrli. Chem. Gab. p. 362 (October*1940) Ind. Chemist, 15. 575 {October^*3.945) A night fire in a Swiss high school chemical laboratory was traced to spontaneous combustion of a heap of moist zinc dust that had been used in a reaction which was lying on a wooden sink. Experiments showed that when fine zinc dust is treated with acetic acid, filtered, washed and let stand, it remains quiescent for some time, but after a period varying from 30 minutes to several hours, de pending on the quantity of zinc and strength of the acid, the temperature rises quickly tc about 400C, the zinc glows, and then cools quickly* 65 Triethylene Glycol Vapor Not Toxic. O.H. Robertson. Heat. & Vent.. 49. 102 (June, 1943). v-------- The approximate saturation vapor concentration of triethylene glycol, one part per 200,000,000 of air, is not harmful to humans, but rapidly sterilizes the air when proper humidity Is maintained. The optimum is 40 to 60 per cent relative humidity. 66 Effects of Repeated Exposure of Dogs to Monoalkyl Ethylene Glycol Ether Vapors. H.W. V.erner, W.J. vorPettingen and others. J'.Ind.5yg.& Tox., 25, 409-414 (November, 1943). The most significant changes in dogs exposed to approximately 300 parts per million of methyl ethylene glycol were in the blood. Hemoglobin concentrations, cell packs, and erythrocytes were decreased, and red cells showed an increased hypochromia, polychromatophilia, and microcytosis. The white cell picture was characterized primarily by a shift to the left. In general these changes appear ed a few weeks after starting exposure and the alterations of erythrocytes per sisted throughout the course of exposures. Recovery after texmlnating exposures was delayed in proportion to the severity of anemia. Based on values for con trol animals, daily exposures to approximately 800 parts per million of the ethyl and 400 parts per million of the butyl derivative produced similar but less marked effects on the blood. Repeated exposures to various glycol ether vapors caused increased numbers of calcivsa oxalate crystals.to appear in the urine, and butyl cellosolve vapor caused a moderate retention of urea In the blood. 03118339 HW66~000772i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19 67 Methyl Bromide Gas as a Fumigant for the Control of Bedbugs at Ft. r-- Missouri* L.O. Tarleton and L.B. Dworsky, The Military Surgeon* 93. 251-264 *> (September* 1943), The section of this article dealing with safety precautions in the use of methyl bromide gas i3 of interest. The first and most important safety measure is the provision of ventilation of buildings for one-half hour before men may enter them. After this period, further safety measures are the uao of gas masks cap '1 able of absorbing organic vapors, and the use of a Frigidaire Halide Lead Detect or prior to reoccupation of the building* Precautions to be observed before final sealing and fumigation and also after fumigation are stated. All methyl bromide cylinders are stored in a warehouse away from inhabited buildings and in a well ventilated room. The lack of adequate warning signs for the presence of methyl bromide, such as lacrimatory action or distinctive odor with low concen trations is impressed upon the workers, which comprise three men with a fourth as alternate. 68 Liquid Methyl Chloride. K.3, Willson and others. Cbem. ft Eng. News, 21. 125412cl {August 10, 1943) . The authors present a detailed study of chemical and physical properties and usee of methyl chloride, with methods of transportation, storage, handling of con# tainors, weighing and measuring. Methyl chloride is said to be relatively soft- toxic but precautions as to ventilation and guarding against leakage must bft served and carelessness prohibited. In case of a serious break canister-tjm# gas masks are not safe. Self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus or a maim with outside source of air may be needed. Skin freezing may occur if escaping vthyl bromide comes in contact' with skin and should be treated as a buna# (Editor's Note: The maximum permissible concentration given by WlilaMI than.twice that quoted by Lehmann and Flury, Some unpublished results would con firm the latter.) 69 Toluene Poisoning. Capt. Her. H. Wilson. J.A.M.A,, 1S3. 1106-6 (Dec, 25, 1945), Of about 1000 workmen exposed for from one to three weeks to toluene vapors vary ing in concentration from 50 to 1500 parts per million, 100 or 10 showed symp toms attributable to toluene intoxication. Ten or 1% showed blood changes# No deaths occurred. Treatment was symptomatic and included multiple whole blood transfusions, oral administration of liver, iron, calcium, phosphorus, yellow bone marrow and multiple vitamin preparations. Toluene has a definite toxio effect on the human system. With concentrations over 200. p.p.au symptms attri butable to intoxication of the central nervous system may occur, and with con centrations over 500 p.p.m, depression of the bone marrow may occur# Adequate periodic examination of employees exposed to toluene vapors is valuable in the early discovery of blood dyscrasia, and removal of patients from the toxic en vironment and adequate therapy make it possible to return them to a nomal state of health, (Editor's note: See our abstracts No#863, September, 1943 Digest;" No.1125, December, 1943 Digest and No.822 September, 1942 Digest,) 70 Toxic Necrosis of the Liver from Trinitrotoluene, Report of Three Cases# W,h# Palmer and others. I.A.M.X. 123. 1025-1027 [December 18. 1943). In 3 cases of apparent trinitrotoluene poisoning with rocovery, the evidence suggests that the toxic necrosis of the livor was severe in one, moderate in the second* and slight to moderate in the third, A residual pisoentatlon and inflammation of the skin of the ankles was noted in the third patient in addi tion to the jaundice, anilism and gastrointestinal symptoms characteristic of trinitrotoluene intoxication, -- Authors' summary. 03118340 Industrial ffygiene Digest - 20 ~C-N 71 ESxmpiethri,mBen.Bta. l WTreisntiftarolltoalnudenEe.F.PoSitsoofcnlminagn.witJh.InAdtt.eHmypgt.s SastTDoxe.,to2x5i,fi'c3a9t1io-9n5. (Nmo.vIe.mber 1943). The administration of ascorbic acid in several animal, species had little effect on the course of chronic TNT poisoning in rats, guinea pigs, cr rabbits. In cats, which ore relatively highly susceptible to TNT poisoning, ascorbic acid appeared to have a slightly favorable influence on the course of intoxication. The distribution and elimination of reduced degradation products of TNI were not materially influenced by the ascorbic acid treatment. The glucuronic acid out put in the urine was not influenced by TNT, and the somewhat augmented output in porphyrins noted in 3ome animals was not affected by ascorbic acid treatment. Authors1 summary. 72 Handling Phenol. Anonymous. Chem. Age, 49, 2S5-6 (September 18, 1943); Chem. Inds., 52 730 (1943). Hazards in the handling end storage of phenol may be reduced to a minimum by ob serving some simple rules and procedures. For storing phenol, either riveted or all welded tanks arc satisfactory. Nickel-clad steel construction should be used if a water-whiteoolor is desired. Otherwise iron may be used, and if the phenol does not become hotter than 60C., altzainum is adequate. The centrifugal type of pump is satisfactory for use in unloading or transfer. Phenol must be melted in most cases in order to remove it from containers or task cars. Ibe methods employed in this process, with precautions to be observed are described in the article. The prohibition of open flames near storage tanks or ears and the provision of vapor-proof globes and explosion-proof safety device# for elec tric fixtures are additional safety measures. Phenol bums on th# akin should be washed with plenty of water and then with ethyl alcohol of 70$ strength. Some prefer to use copious quantities of 25$ alcohol, instead, which is less likely to blister the skin. Bums in the eyes are given first-aid treatment by pro tracted flushing with water, followed by an application of a bland oil, A physi cian or eye specialist should be consulted immediately. 73 2-Anilinoethanol - An Industrial Hazard - Production of Methemoglobinemia. A.D, Boss and others. J'.a.M.A.. 123."'76i-763* (November 20. 1943). An oil mixture containing 2-anillnoethanol (improperly named "phenylethanolamine caused cyanosis in 2 factory employees using it. The substasoe likewise producecyanosis in dogs but not in rabbits and mice. As established in dogs, the pre sence of methemoglobinemia is the cause of the cyanosis. Because this problem of toxicity is likely to arise repeatedly as. new industrial uses are found for the many related chemical substances which will be available, this example has been cited. The hazard of such intoxication of huum beings might be mitigated if special care was taken that similar substances are named as aniline deriva tives. At least a cautionary label should be applied to warn industrial safety committees of the danger. -- Authors' conclusions. 74 Observations on the Toxic Effects Resulting from Exposure to Chlorinated Naphtha lene and Chlorinated Phenyls with Suggestions for Prevention. H. von Wedel, If .A. Holla und J. Denton. Rubber Aac. 53. 419-426 (August. 1943). An account of acne-form eruptions and deaths among workers exposed to chlorinate* naphthalenes and diphenyls, experiments were carried out on animals, Including administration by inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Skin absorption wa always followed by liver degeneration in animals, but the effects on the liver are essentially identical whatever the method of administration* The liver changes are described in particular detail and are illustrated with photomicro graphs. Histological examination of the viscera showed' that the toxic effects are confined to the skin and liver. Methods are recommended for safeguarding workers, and laws for compelling adequate safeguards are advocated.. ! 03118341 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21 rv 75 Safety Measures for Use of Chlorinated naphthalenes and Diphenyls in Industry. L. Greenburg. N.Y. State Dept, of Labor, Ind. Bull., 22, 404-406 {October,1943) Chlorinated naphthalenes and diphenyls are valuable industrial products, espe- us cially in the manufacture of electric condensers, insulation of wire and cable, j* and similar industries. They are made in this country by about 5 companies and * are sold under varying trade names. They are in general highly toxic and must be used -Ith extreme care. Many cases of dermatitis and a number of deaths from liver damage have occurred. Industrial hygienists should make every effort to see that exposures are controlled, insofar as humanly possible. The emphasis should be on a maximum of maintonace and engineering control, rather than on limiting atmospheric concentrations. Toxic exposures may bo more readily con trolled where the cold or solvent method of impregnating cable than wher<j the hot process is used. All the evidence in the known cases of liver disease point to exposure to vapors or fumes as the cause; there is no clear evidence of systemic poisoning from skin absorption. Among the recommendations are: (1) the cold or solvent method of impregnation should bo used; (2) general hygienic measures should be followed; (3) foremen should bo apprised of the toxicity of the mater ial and instructed in safe handling practice, and the information should be pass ed onto the men; (4) prsemployaent and periodic physical examinations should be given with especial attention to skin and liver conditions; (5) control measures should be chocked with the insurance carrier, the State industrial hygiene agency and a competent consultant. ^ 76 Some Dangerous_Industrlal Vapors. Anonymous. Chem. Age, 49,, 387-8 (Qctoblr 16, 1943). From Industrial Accident Prevention Bull., (March-May, 1943)* - Two cases of poisoning arc given, which emphasize the necessity of observing warnings and precautions that have been published. The first happened to workers who were cleaning a degreasing tank, and was due to lack of life belt and breath ing apparatus. The second was caused by faulty installation of the flue from the burners in a trichlorethylene degreasing plant. The flue terainated about 10 feet from the floor instead of passing through the roof* None of the casea was fatal, but one man spent 10 days in the hospital. Tho greater toxicity of coal-tar naphtha as compared with petroleum naphtha is pointed out. A maximum concentration for the solvent variety is suggested, but the author maintain* that such figures should be taken with extrace caution* He advises as a safe general rule that "where any organic solvent is used the general ventilation should be supplemented by localized exhaust as near as possible to the point of origin of the vapors." Either type of naphtha may cause dermatitis, and should bo kept from contact with the skin* The article concerning ethylene chloride has been abstracted from tho original source. 77 Creosote Burns, A.D. Jonas. J.Ind.Hyg. k Tox., 25, 418-420 (November, 1943). Creosote-burns fbrm an important industrial hazard in the erecting of wooden structures and very often seriously interfere with production* The dipping of sills in creosote solution and the sawing of creosoted limber should be done by colored or dark-skinned workers* A thick coat of vaseline forms the best preven tive. 'Thorough washing of the face and application of Foille-aolution proved a very satisfactory way for treating creosote-burns* 78 Examination of Workers in an Asbestos Factory. A. Botae. Arch.f.Gewerbepath, u.Gcworbchyg., 11, 433-452 (November 1C, 1942). This is a record of clinical and radiological observations made in an asbestos factory during the years 1936-1937 and the year 1940. The factory handlod raw asbestos and manufactured a variety of asbestos products. It employed up to 500 workers. Of IwC persons examined, 29# showed radiological evidence cf asbestosis. Correlating these findings with exposure, it is stated that there were in workers with less than three years of exposure 5# of cases, in those with 3-5 years of Industrial Hygiene Digest -22 _ rs exposure 12$, in 5-10 years 59$, and in over 10 years 79$. Five cases of pulmonic ary tuberculosis were noted. r.;e clinical histories of these are recorded. s 79 Correlation of Disability withRoentgen and Clinical Findings in Silicosis.Part vt, Paul Bovard. Radiology, 41, 11-12 (July, 1943). jg Disability in industrial lung disease .cannot be accurately estimated by roentgen* examination alone. Uncomplicated silicosis may be associated with moderate fi- brotic changes and a considerable degree of disability, whorccs in other cases massive lesions may produce only a slight decrease in capacity for work. A con siderable part of the dyspnoea in silicotics is due to fibrosis of the alveolus itself and not to the nodular fibrosis. When roentgen evidence of superimposed infection is present, disability should be anticipated; if there is roentgen evi dence of a superimposed active pulmonary tuberculosis, it may be stated with con fidence that disability is total and permanent. In absence of cavitation, diag nosis of tuberculosis in advanced silicosis is difficulty end should only be made when there is laboratory confirmation. 80 Correlation of Disability with Roentgen end Clinical Findings in Silicosis. Part2. JV.v.G. Hannon. Radiology, 41^, 13-17 (July, 1943). Silica, by reason of its solubility, reacts to fora silicic acid, which causes specific changes in monocytic cells. First, dust laden cells in the lyapiatlo channels elongate and reticulum appears in tho intercellular spaces. Second, the cells elongate further and assume fibroblast shape and arrange thcmseltos in concentric nodules. Third, the cells loso their nuclei, and the nodule betomes fibrous and undergoes hyaline degeneration* The degree of dyafunotlon of me lungs is not proportional to the change revealed by X-ray* Inhalation of JtLloon dioxide dust frequently decreases pulmonary function before the shedu--. efAhe silicotic nodule become visible on X-ray film* Disability is not pciMftiQp toe to nodular fibrosis, but is caused by the thickening of the alveolar walla tad associated emphysema with decreased elasticity of the lungs and Interference with, normal bronchioles and engorgement of the capillaries are added factors in dis ability. The degroe of lung dysfunction in pulmonary fibrosis is best measured by respiratory function tests outlined in the article* A person with respiratory disability can inerdase his depth of breathing only to a very limited extent, When he requires more air, he is compelled to increase hie respiratory rate* 81 Cancer in Relation to Occupation and Environment* W.C. Hueper. Bull. Am. Soc. Control Cancer, 25, (June, 1943). Among the chemical and physical agents causing occupational cancer are heavy metals, nitrates, aromatic amino compounds, ben2ol, asbestos, mineral oil, soot, radioactive substances, ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. A recent addition to the list is coal tar, which may cause cancer of the urinary tract, most frequent ly in the aniline dye and related industries. The following suggestions are made tc aid in prevention and control of occupational cancer: (1) An occupational history of every case of cancer; (2) Experimental investigation of the carcino gen us properties of substances now in industrial use; (3) State inspection of industrial plants; (4) Technical improvement in production methods to eliminate hazards, and the use of substitutes for substances known to bo carcinogenic* Methods of Detection and Determination 03118343 82 Simple Device for Preparing Vapor-Air Mixtures* Ind.it Eng.Chcm., Anal.Ed., 15. 582*11943). A device is described by which the amount of chlorinated solvent aspirated through a combustion apparatus can be determined by successive precise weighings* / Industrial Hygiene Digest -23 ^ cn. 33 Report on the Determination of Lead. Dlthizone Method and its Differences. P.A.i^' Clifford. J Assoc. Official Agr. .Chem., 26, 26-53 (1943). The author discusses the dithizone method for lead determination in detail, par- ticularly with reference to interference by other metals. Dithizone reacts witbaa 17 or more metals under various conditions, but in the ordinary extrection in alkaline' solution in the presence of the cyanide ion, bismuth, tin and thallium * give most of the interference. Spectrophotomctric differences in the solutions aid ir. the determination of lead in the presence of the others. The work of Fairhall and Keenan on determination of lead in urine is discussed critically, and the author reports accurate results when some of the errors are avoided. 84 A Siianle and Reliable Method for the Determination of Methyl Alcohol and Formal dehyde in the Air. C.F. Ackerbauer and R.J. Lobowich. J.Lab.Clin.Med., 28, 372-377 (1942). Cham. Abstracts, 37, 6592 (November 20, 1943). The method involves absorption of methyl alcohol by permanganate and formaldehyde by Schiff's reagent, and a colorimetric comparison. Details of the method are given in the original paper and in the Chemical Abstracts reference. 65 Determination of the Approximate Lethal Dose with About Si-r w. B. fa TDheeichampapnrnoxaimndateT.Jle. thLeaBl ladnosce. isJ.Itnhde.Hloywge. s&t Tcooxn.c,en2t5r,at4io1n5-t1h7a^tNokviellmsbearn, d1m94a3y)#be . determined by selecting about 6 consecutive concentrations (each increasedlby approximately 50$) and exposing one animal to each, or by selecting about doses (and 4 animals) using every other dose over the range chosen (as givtft in a table reproduced in the article). In the latter case one additional must be used to obtain the final result; this last animal is treated wit* the dose between the lowest lethal and the highest non-lethal concentration ' The approximate lethal doso was determined for twenty organic compounds by experi ments in which various species were used, and various modes of adsinistation. The doses found agreed with the calculated L.D^q's (determined by the use of a large number of animals) within the limits of approximately 30 per cast* -- Condensed from Authors' siramary. <C s 86 Detemination of Traces of Hydrocarbons in Air. A. Luazczak. Oel u Kohle. 38, 1103-5 (1942). (German). The hydrocarbons arc concentrated in active carbon, which is then extracted with ethyl alcohol and the extract spectraanalyzed. The method is recommended for testing the efficiency of ventilation of factories and garages, fydroesrbon concentrations of about 0.001-0.0001 vol.-> can be determined. 87 A Method for the Determination of Trinitrotoluene (TOT) Derivatives in Ehman Urine. 5.S. Pinto and W.L. Wilson! J.Ind.Hy^. & Tox.. 25. 381-90 (Nov.. 1943). The authors describe a method for the determination of TNT derivatives in the urine of workers exposed to TOT either by inhalation or through akin absorption. The TNT derivatives are extracted from urine with ethyl other, reduced to triami no toluene by titanium trichloride, and after diazotlzation are ooupled with dimcthyl-alpha-naphthylamine. Workers exposed to different amounts of 1ST dur ing the course of their work have shown variations in the amount of TOT deriva tives present in their urine. Expressed as TOT, this amount has varied from 1 to 101 xnicrograms per ml. urine. For comparative purposos, it is suggested that results of such studies bo expressed as milligrams per liter of urine. Abnormal ities in the metabolism of TOT may possibly be detected by this method. At the present time one data is insufficient to determine the exact composition of the TOT derivatives-present in human 'urine. -- Authors1 summary. 03118344 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 HUBB-00B/726 Control Methods 88 Protection Against Welding Fumes, L.R. Krasno and others. J.A.M.A. 125. 830 (November 27, 1943). A compressed air unit for ventilating welders' hoods is described and illustrated. It is said that experience with this type of hood justifies the following state ments: (1) V.'elding fumes do net enter tho hood under any conditions. (2) A con stant supply of fresh, cool air prevents perspiration. (3) Use of alternating shifts of men on galvanized welding jobs is unnecessary. (4) The- men like the device and insist on wearing it after once trying it. (Editor's Note: Data on air flow is noo provided.) 89 Chlorinated Solvent Exposures at Degreasing Operations. X.M. Morse and L. Gold berg. Ind. Med., 12, 705-713 {October, 1943). The authors report a study of degreasing machines on behalf of the Illinois Divi sion of Industrial Hygiene, involving 60 plants and 108 machines, Tbo only solvents used were trichlorcthylene and tetrachlorethylene, also called pcrchlor- ethylene. Trichlorethylcne is the base of several trade products, varyiag.only in the stabilizer added, while the only tetrachlorethylene preparation is Known as ,'philisolv.M The degreasing liquid cleans metal parts by (1) iasttersionf (2) spraying, or (3) vapor; 90$ of all degreasers use 2 or more method#* The ft* greaser consists of a tank with a heating unit and a condensing jacket, Tont in a recent development where tetrachlorethylene is osed, there is so condensing jacket and the temperature is regulated thermostatically. Machines with conden sers may or may not bo ventilated. In the survey, an average concentration of 9 6 p.p.m. of the vapor was found from ventilated condenser machines; 135 p.p.a. from the- non-ventilatod type, and 221 p.p.m. from tho 11 non-condenser machines. _ Many measurements were in excess of 200 p.p.m. which has been adoptod as standard, by many states. One factor in development of excessive concentrations is the speed at which the work is lowered into and removed out cf the machine* The man ufacturers' recommendations specify 12 feet per minute, but in practice it is usually higher, sometimes reaching 120 feet per minute. The vapor concentration rises as the speed is increased. The minimum exposure occurs when so work is passing through the machine. Faults of operation that increase vapor concentra tion and cause other 'undesirable results are: (1) cooling beyond the dew point temperature of the room air, condensation and addition of water to the solvent thereby lowering its boiling point; (2) not keeping work in the vapor zone un til condensation stops; (3) poor arrangement of work in the basket; (4) lack of temperature control of circulating water, which should be below 110^; and, above all (5) operation by inexperienced and unintelligent workers, which is quits corn- nun, Solvent loss could not be correlated directly with vapor concentration, but it is generally agreed that it should not exceed 0.20 gallon per hour, or 2*5 gallons per square foot of tank surface per 100 hours of operation, but estimates of actual loss indicated about twice that value. Tank ventilation is a disputed point but in general it appears unnecessary if tanks are carefully operated and well located. The following recommendations are made: (1) equipment with metal hoists set at a maximum speed of 20 feet per minute and withdrawal of *rerk at same speed; (2) equipment with thermostatic control of heating and condensing zones; (3) proper design of basket; (4) location of tanks in as large a space as possible; (5) maintaining a minimum operative area exposed to air; (6) a mininna freeboard distance of 0.5 of the tack width; (7) careful maintenance of heat balance with every change in type and weight of metal; and (8) prevention of dead air spaces in work. / 03118345 HUBB-00B7727 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 90 Reducing Dust and Dln Anonymous. Nat. Safety News, 48, 23,72 (July, 1943), A description is given with photographs of specially constructed, portable, booths used in a Curtiss-Wright plant for grinding and polishing operations. The design and material of the booths reduce not only the hazards from flying parti cles but also the ear-splitting noise created by the operation. 91 Good Practice in Controlling Health Hazards Associated v.ith Iron-oro Mining Oper ations in. the Lake Superior Region. E.C.J. Urban. An.Inst.Min.Met.Engrs., Tech, rub. No. 1S2C, 10 pp. (Mining Tech., November, 1943). c A survey was made in a large n-Jtber of the iron-ore mines of the Lake Superior region during 1942 by the author and the late Mr. Cummings. Its purpose was to study the various ventilation procedures employed in these mines for the control of the working environment underground -- a problem of increased proportions be cause of the present production rate. Their experience, classified by three com >--ij mon typos of mining, is described. Effective ventilation is concerned with re > ducing dust levels, diluting noxious gases, the temperature control of air in mining work places and the disposal of vitiated air and its air-borne contamin ants, with exposure to the least number of men. Ventilation should be provided at a rate of 500 cubic feet per minute per nan on the largest underground shift, e a supply of at least 2000 cubic feet per minute of fresh air to a development heading in rock and 1000 cubic foot per minute or more to a pair of miners in ore. Consideration must bo given to physical factors: intelligent ventilation planning, proper selection of equipment, routine inspection and continued gftod maintenance of the ventilation procedures employed. The nature of mine alntys must be to keep friction losses low. A "mine capacity factor," developed tj compare the-resistance to air flow of airways, illustrates the important*. 0Sp the character of mine airways to good ventilation practice. -- Author's Industrial Medical Practice 92 Effects of War On the Scope of Industrial Hygiene. L.M. Farner. Ind.Med., 12. 714-13 (October, 1943). The general content of the article is expressed by the author in an early para graph, as follows: "The method of attacking lost time duo to sickness and acci dents in the State of Washington has caused some little conment. I present here in a limited picture of the industrial hygiene activities there." The advis ability of using industrial hygiene as a vehicle to carry public health to work ers in industry instead of limiting the activities to environmental sanitation is considered. 93 Industrial Health. Editorial. N.Y. State J. Med., 43, 1304-5 (July 15, 1943). Over 4 million days are lost yearly (by the 50 million wage earners In the Uni ted States) on account of absenteeism due to sickness, with a resulting yearly cost of over 3 billion dollars. Present needs require a strengthening and broadening of the entire industrial health program. Less than one-seventh of our workers have services provided by a full-tine industrial physician in their plant. Small plants must be encouraged to develop employee health programs and medical service. Until industry and industrial associations undertake to stimu late interest in, medical service on the part of the small plants, absenteeisa and indifferent industrial health conditions will continue to prevail. 03118346 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 26 oc esi 94 Symposium on Industrial Health* C.O. Sappington, Editor. Clinics, 2, 509.801 ^ (October, 1943). a This symposium fills one issue of the magazine and covers the entire field of In. g dustrial health. The individual papers are written by experts in the respective > fields and the whole can well be taken as a textbook on industrial health. After aa a Foreword by C.O. Sappington, the following phases of industrial health are dis- * cussed; The Industrial Physician, by A.G, Kamner; The Industrial Nurse, by * Catherine' R. Dempsey; Industrial Managsuent and the Medical Department, by J.D. Jenkins; Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation, by W.A. Cook; Industrial Safety and Industrial Health, by N.H. Dearborn; The Organization and Administration of an Industrial Health Program, by C.P.McCord; The Problem of Absenteeism Among India- trial Workers, by W.M, Gafafer; Industrial Fatigue, by R.R. Sayers; Women in In dustry, by Max R. Burnell; Clinical Aspects of the Occupational Diseases, by C.D. Selby; The Problem of Nutrition in Industry, by M.A. Kronenberg; The Role of Non- Occupational Sickness, by C.D. Selby; A Program to Meet Industry's Eye Problems, by H.S. x\uhn; Dental Services in Industry, by K.A. Hooper; Mental Health in In dustry, by Lydia G. Giborson; and The Medicolegal Aspects of Occupational Disease, by T.C. Waters. Then follow accounts of the work that various organizations are doing in the field, including; Industrial Health Activities in the American Med. ical Association; The American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons, by E.C. Holmblad; The American Association of Industrial Nurses, by Polly Acton; Both the female and the male rate absence in incidence for all onuses in 194C is the highest recorded annual rate since 1933. Certain specific causes for the male rates are pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhea and entorltis* For females the causes giving highest rates are diseases of the organs of locomotion* except dis* cases of the joints, pneunonia and neurasthenia. Graphs are given of the oontrlbutions made by each broad cause group to the frequency for all causes fur each of the 10 years and for each sex. The frequency for all causes rose since 1938, the almost constant rate of increase being evident in the instance of.the males. 96 Absenteeism in War Plants. N.Y. State Ind. Bull,, 22, 303^ (August, 1943). Absence rates in 15 war production plants in New York State ranged from 3*1 to 9.3 per cent dialog May, 1943, according to the results of a survey conducted by the Division of Women in Industry and Minimise Wage of the Nsv York State Department of Labor* Absences for women were consistently higher than for sen and the rates for older and married women were higher' than for single women sad those under 21. Workers employed five or five and a half days weekly wore absent less than those working on six and seven-day week schedules. Workers on the day shift were absent much less than those on the second and third shifts although bonus payments were usually made to night workers. Snployers are showjj^ increased interest in combatting absenteeism. Transportation and housing shortages are met by the firms by programs of joint action with the camunitles in which they were located. Remeciel measures which still rsoain to be developed on an industrial plant basis include the improvement of difficult working conditions, adjusfcnent in hours schedules, the establishment of regular rest periods, longer lunch periods, and the installation of adequate eating facilities. 03118347 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 Cw 97 Medical Aspects of Absenteeism. L.R. Daniels. New England J. Med., 228. 773- 77 6^ June 17, 1943). The author feels that probably half of the absences are due to medical causes. Each year 8 days are lost by men and 12 days by women because of illness and accS dent of non-industrial origin. Less than one day per employee is lost through * industrial accidents. It is important that patients get back to work as soon as is expedient following an illness or an injury. The man or woman who has been ill may have attained full physical recovery, but there is often a lag in the re turn of mental alertness and the desire to get going again. It is not unusual for those patients to be depressed and in need of a bit of encouragement. Then is the tine to suggest return to work, for getting back on the job is often the exact tonic needed to effect a complete rocovery. Many workers can get back to work and save many man hours by easing back into the job in the middle of the week rathor than staying the week out. This way they also benefit by the weekend of rest. Age, sex, morale and social conaltlons are also evaluated, as factors in absenteeism. 98 Auditing Absenteeism. Special Bulletin Ho. 12-A. U.5. Dept, of Labor, Division of Labor Standards. 30 pp. (1943). The bulletin contains sample absence forms and procedures cow in use in war plants. Those reproduced were selected to represent typical methods used firms engaged in various war industries in different sections of the couni discussion of reasons for and value of record keeping is presented, with ition of absenteeism. Appended is a table of percentage absenoe rates>r and May, 1943, in selected industries. 99 How Absenteeism's Being Controlled. Anonymous. Occup. Baz., 29-JD bor, 1943). Five case histories of plant experience in the lessening of absenteeism are pre sented. Devices used include: (1) Substitution of absentee report card for the time card with a requirement fbr the redemption of the latter; (2) The posting of a list in each department showing the amount of absenteeism; (3) Contacting ab sentees at their homes in an effort to detezmine the cause at absence} (4) The, use of poster and bulletin campaigns on absenteeism; (5) Improving employee rela tions and working conditions. In most cases percentages of ebsenteeim duced by 50# or more. It was usually found that a small percentage of wothere caused a very large percentage of absenteeism. 100 Pruritus Ani and Absontoeisa. R.H. Aldrich. Ind. Med., 12, 654-58 (Get.,1943) The multiplicity of the causes'of this common and distressing rectal condition is stressed. The nuaber of forms of therapy advocated for the relief of pruritus ani ere described end commented an. The etiology is tabulated Into predisposing, indirect and direct causes. A description of the pathology is given. Cod liver oil ointment as a local therapeutic agent is discussed and a new mode of afeinietration is described. Twenty-nine cases are reported in which this new focne of cod liver oil ointment was used as an adjuvant. -- Author's sumary* * 101 Industrial Health Units -- Considerations and Desisna for +** tions. ff.I. Ritter and J.W. Dugger. Ind.Med., 12. 650-54 (October, 1943) Floor plans are shown and discussed for basic health units for small industrial plants. These conform to sanitary regulations or laws of almost every state and vary :?om the type of unit adaptable to the smallest plant and the moat primitive health concepts to a plan designed for the progressive small plant that has a full-time nursing service and a physician in regular, if part-time, attendance. 03118348 HfiB-000773fl Industrial Hygiene Digest - 28 102 Seeping Workers at Work for a Par* Anonymous. Modern Ind,, 64-79 {December 15, 1943). The plan of the Permanents Foundation, which has brought good, sound, medical care to thousands of men and women at a cost of a few pennies a day, is the application to the practice of medicine of the principles of economy, efficiency and streamlined production technique that industry has developed through the years. The three factors that make the Permanents plan successful are pre-pay ment, group practice by doctors, and proper facilities. 103 Industrial Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. G.F. Harkncss. Ind. Med., 12, 655-662 (October, 19437. A discussion is given of some problems which confront the industrial physician in the fields under discussion, often with particular reference to the matter of compensation. Some essentials in the care of eye injuries are presented and cer tain procedures are stressed in which unanimity of opinion in the literature is lacking, 104 The Physically Handicapped. B.D. Karpinos. Pub. Health Repts., 58, 1573-1592 (October 22, 1943). The Division of Public Health Methods, National Institute of Health, ooaducted in 1940 an extensive survey of the number of physical handicapped persons in the United States. Data on blindness and deafness have already been published, and the main portion of this report is confined to orthopedic impairment whichfls defined as a permanent handicap which has been depriving the afflicted person of the natural use of some portion of his skeletal system. The impairments wire classified as disabling and non-disabling, and the data are clasetfl*& sfcSo age, sex, employment status, types of impairments, and social and tcpMdf .fae tors. To state the conclusions on these points briefly, the larger water of handicaps exists among the aged, male, unemployed!usually the result of t&e im pairment) , poor and colored persons, but several minor trends among combinations of these classes are noted. The estimated number of persons with orthopedic im pairments among the population of tho United States as of 1940 is given as 1,844,600 males and 759,000 foaales, of whom 208,500 males and 132,500 females had incapacitating impairments. In the final section, these figures are compared with those for blindness and deafness; the blind in both eyos are 70,800 males and 65,700 females, and totally deaf 77,100 males and 70,900 females* The causes of orthopedic impairments are 69.6# accident and 27.3* disease in males; 41.1# accident and 53.6# disease in females. Accidents causa 43.0* sad disease 53.4# of the incapacitating impairments in males, and 30.9 and 69.0* respec tively in females. The estimated annual number of new cases in 1940 included 55,530 males and 23,150 females, of which 9,730 ih males and 6,030 in females were disabling. Many other details are given. 105 Manpower Crisis - Tapping New Sources of Labor Supply. R.C. Stoiaent. factory Man. & Main.. 101." 95-99 (Mbvember. 1943). 1 The new sources of labor supply include full-time women, boys', high school girls, part-time men, part-time mothers, and the physically handicapped. Saeh of these groups has contributed in some degree, although limited, to alleviation of the manpower crisis in aircraft factories. The physically handicapped are grouped in 6 classes according to the work they are able to dot (1) no hazardous machin ery, consisting of those with serious visual defects, diabetes, heart disease, or hand and ana disabilities; (2) no heavy lifting (beck injuries, hernias); (3) ground level work, including those susceptible to vertigo or having deforma tions or limitations of the extremities; (4) avoid dusts, fuses and skin irri tants, including,' individuals with chronic bronchial conditions or sensitive to any material used; (5) no extensive walking or standing, comprising those with back lesions, varicose veins, artificial limbs, heart disease, etc; (6) restrict 03118349 c ) ____n <& Industrial Hygiene Digest - &$ to noise-free areas, individuals with chronic ear conditions and partial deaf ness. With these restrictions, many of the physically handicapped are working in the Lockheed and Vega plants. There are 77 totally blind doing satisfactory work. One problem is the lack of trained dogs for the blind. 106 Phosphorus Bums. E. Obcisior. Lancet. I, 202 (1943). Since phosphorus is soluble in lipides, it spreads rapidly into tho deeper tis sues, making even minor phosphorus bums more dangerous than is often realized. Sp>.ed ir. first-aid treatment is essential and for slight, superficial burns it consists in rubbing off the affected skin with cotton wool soaked in a mixture of equal parts of dilute sodium bicarbonate and 2^ copper sulfate solutions. Surgical treatment is needed for severe burns. An amyl acetate dressing dulls pain, prevents scarring and promotes granulation. 107 Loss of Vitamins in S'. Anonymous. Nutrition Reviews, 355-56 (October,1943). The problem is of interest, particularly as applied to our armed forces fighting in tropical climates. An account is given of two series of studies on tho ascor bic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid content of thermal sweat and sweat induced by exercise. After a discussion of difficulties encoun tered and complicating factors tho following general conclusion is reached: ''There does not appear to be convincing evidence that the vitamin losses in sweat arc large compared to the daily excretion in the urine; hence specific pro^slom* for such losses has not been justified by the limited data available*" J 108 Treatment for Gas Poisoning. J. Creevey. Ctem. Age. 49 , 287-8 (September 18, 1943)". All persons employed in plants where poisonous gases are present should kw bow to handle cases of gas poisoning. Two important points are: (1) A vietin is not to be considered dead even when there is no sign of breathing, for resusci tation is possible after continuing artificial respiration for several hours; and (2) No one should enter a gas-laden atmosphere, oven for rescue work, with out proper protection. Details of the rescue and treatment Include protection of the rescuer, precautions to be observed in handling the victim, use of arti ficial respiration and the inhalator, and immediate summoning of a physician* . The necessity of training as many employees as possible in the prone pressure method of artificial respiration is stressed. Gas masks or respirators should be kept in good condition and distributed to workers. Directions for cleaning gas-mask face-pieces are given. 109 Solving The Nutritional Problem of Qaployees in Wartime. Anonymous. Industry. 24b-24e (October, 1943). The New England Telephone and Telegraph Company's nutrition program is described. Courses in the fundamentals of good nutrition, in menu planning with special em phasis on diets, with special instruction on rationing and the use of alternate diets are open to all employees. Instructors were trained in preliminary courses. A textbook, "Food Makes a Difference," which was prepared by the Company, is fur nished to each student. At the conclusion of the course, which consists of six lessons, taking one and a half hours, one night a week, a certificate of profi ciency is presented to each student who satisfactorily completes the course* Company-operated cafeterias, which correlate their menus with those reccsncnded in tho nutrition course, serve as an example for employees. Some typical charts and forms used in connection with the program are reproduced in the article* 03118350 HHBB-0007731 f INDEX CN m (January, 1944) rr**-* <9 cs Absenteeism 93 auditing procedures 98 case reports 99 medical aspects 97 New York State 96 pruritis ani 100 sickness 1933--12 report 95 -Air analysis hydrocarbons 86 methanol and formalde- hyde 34 preparation of v^por-air mixtures 82 Aluminum bronchial asthma 63 lead 83 Anesthetics explosion hazards 37 2-Anllip.oethunol health hazards 73 Asbestosis clinical and radiologi cal 73 Aviation medical aspects 54 Book Reviews and notices 22-23-<24-25-26 Burns, phosphorus 106 Cancer occupational causes 31 Carbon monoxide cardiac changes 60 Chemical industry health hazards 28 Colds treatment with sulfadia- zine 45 Creosote burn* 77 Dermatitis ditto worker* 42 lacquer 40-41 prevention 39 Dust glass manufacturing nasal effects 38 Dust and noise control grinding operations 90 Sating places Code 35 Ethylene glycol ether derivatives toxicity 66 Explosions dust 36 Fatigue cause and cure 58 symposium 59 Fluoride insertion bone changes 62 Gas poisoning treatment 108 Grain itch 43 Handicapped workers 104 Ker.t cardiovascular adj ust- nents 50 relief 51 Hydrocarbons, chlorinated safety measures for 75 toxicity of synthetic chlorowaxos 74 Industrial accidents and safety 33 Industrial health symposium 94 Industrial hygiene and the war 92 Koratoconjunctivitls distribution 46 flash infra-rod therapy 47 Lighting industrial 57 research 56 Manpower crisis use of handicapped work ers 105 Modical plans industrial 101 Peimanente Foundation 102 Methyl bromide as a fumigant 67 Methyl chloride 68 Noise control of 53 industrial control 52 hearing aid 55 Nutrition 109 Ophthalmology, industrial 103 Phenol hazards 72 Pneumoconiosis vanadium Polyneuritis s occupational 49 Pulmonary edema 44 Safe practices weight lifting 34 Silicosis correlation of X-ray and clinical findings 79-80 Solvent vapors toxicity 76 Toluene poisoning 69 Toxicology method for determining lethal dosage ,, 85 Triethylene elyco. r toxicity 65 Trinitrotoluene detoxlflMftefe, 71 ^ ^ / TO urinalysi* 87 Ventilation mining operation* Visual defeat* end war produttlon \ Vitsina loss in sweat 107 " 'Water works exposure to gasea 27 Welding and digestive diatur- baneee 32 fume control 88 health control la 29 health effeota 30 Welding, electric light reflection 31 Zinc dust spontaneous ignition 64 03118351 sr MWBB-0007697 /T?\ 0\ 3 it yfr\