Document 82ErGDDn6R4ky3wbae8GKGZ0o

in ! n ')<> m.nt vrj 1 *' w iy.' r 'wwrwr-- a n r.^ jr .*!;* tr ' r ^' * ' :. j - '" '; i ! 'V . .,'*1 * '> * :? : V - ' . i1 - : ./ ' y - - j ' V v*/ .'*iv v * ' ..A ' ' * f 2 i V t* .* ) * . / i * '. . ) ' w - J \ $Jk-tutSfm1i i'**' . . / f . * tf. * ` . . 4 .. I v " . i . ' . * iA V AiC_ : A ^ _ _ 4 . -- ! I :' WORKING GROUP OH THE DISPOSAL OP TOXIC WASTES REPORT OP THE SUB-CROUP OH PCBe 1. The.need for special attention I t has a l r e a d y been reoognlsod both n a t i o n a l l y and i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y In 03CD t h a t th e UBe and aubaequent dle p o re al of p o ly c h lo r in a te d biphenyls (PCBs) warrant s p e c ia l a t t e n t i o n . The reaoons f o r t h i s r o l n t o to t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r o h a r a o t e r l o t l c a . PCBe do no t occur n a t u r a l l y b ut are wholly s y n th o tic ubetancea which a r e G enerally very s t a b l e and which t h e r e f o r e p e r o io t i n the onvironmont f o r vory lone poriodo. Thoir high f a t - o o l u b i l i t y and tho f a c t th at none are metabblised and excreted only vory slowly leado to th e ir concentration and accumulation in the f a tty tisoues of liviryj organisms. Thie p'fraiatence and accumulation, coupled with uncertalntieD about long-term e ffe o ta of low co n c e n tra tio n s, is the b asis o f the neod fo r s p e c ia l consideration in disposal of wastes. P r i o r to r e c e n t r e s t r i c t i o n s (b o o tio n 2 ), PCBa wero used ex ten a iv o ly a?? d i o l e o t r i e f l u i d e f o r transform ora dhd o a p o o ito r a , as h ydraulic f l u i d s , heat t r a n s f e r agents, l u b r i c a n t s and vacuum pump o i l s and aB p l a e l i c i s o r s in adhesivaB, s e a la n ts , p aints, p la s t i c s and carbonloos copying paper. In oonsequence they have become widely (but not uniform ly) d i s t r i b u t e d in t! c environment. G enerally tlio higher levclo are found in in d u s t r ia l nro.uo, but elsowhore lo v o le a r e u s u a l l y very low. T y p ic a lly , concent r a t i t m of It- t ir.n O.Ol ppb* are observed in a i r and soa water and looo than 1 ppb in f re sh w ater. S o il and submarine oedimonto u s u a lly co n tain le s s than 10 ppb, but up t; s e v e r a l hundred thousand ppb n ea r some i n d u s t r i a l o u t f a l l s . Aquatic organisms take i n PCBs fro.- wutor and th e moan c o n c e n tra tio n i , ' o r t h A t l a n t i c p la nkton i s about 200 ppb, or r.io c than 20,000 tir.es the level i n the North A t l a n t i c i l s o l f . In th e l a r g - r i n v e r t e b r a t e s l e v e ls of up to 100 ppb in l o b s t e r and 500 ppb i n roussoln h-.ve been found. In tho f ic h lii/h u r lcvolr eg 10-2000 ppb in h e r r in g ,\nd 100-1000 in oJhorn, hnvo been re p o r to d . In extreme cases of predutcry b ird s a t tho end of food chains li v i n g in polluted a r e a s , very high c o n c e n tra tio n s can oocur. Thus the f i s h - f e e d i n g w h ito - ta ile d eagle in the B a l t i c liae been found with up to about 200,000 ppb in the \h o lo body, and even highor 'vole i n tho l i v o r . S i m i l a r l y a heron in tho UK has been r e p o r te d with 900,000 ppb of PCBe in the l i v o r . * 1 ppb is one p a r t por b i l l i o n ( l b i l l i o n 1 thousand m illio n ) lx u NfcV 0 3 6 8 2 6 1. : . C ' ' i 4i i { ! Man of oourse e a t s food d erivad from anmale but in tho g r e a t m a jo rity o f caeoe PCBa ore g e n e r a l l y v e i l below 50 ppb i n the UK. The American Tood and Drug A d m in is tra tio n have e c t in te r im l e v e l s f o r s a f e t y ranging from 200 ppb f o r s p e c i a l i n f a n t and Ju n io r foodB to 5000 ppb f o r po u ltry and the e d ib le p o rtio n s of f i e h and s h e l l f i s h . The routeB of d i r e c t e n try of lOBo to man are v i a i n h n la lio n und ab aorplion through tho o hin. Tho a c u te o rn 1 t o x i c i t y of PCDa to mammals and birdu in low, with l e t h a l le v le boiug r.im ilar to thoso o f DOT, Tho o ra l LDr _(doso to k i l l 5C$ of the s u b j e c t s ) i s i n the rango 4000 - 20,000 mg/kg body weight and the s k in MLD (minimum l o t h a l dose) f o r r a b b i t s 1b i n tho rango 1000-8000 mg/kg body w eight. T heir ch ronic t o x i c i t y to man and other mammals i s moderate. In the "Yusho" in c i d e n t i n Japan, involving consumption of PCB-contaminated r i c e - o i l , the average dooe a s so c ia te d with s i nii'ic an t c l i n i c a l oymptons in man was about JO mg/day, but a minimum p o s it iv o o f f s e t le v e l was lower a t 3 mg/day over se v o ra l months, Hesearch io i n progresa to in vestig ate possible low-levol long-term effects, FCBa can bo l e t h a l to c e r t a i n a q u a tic organisms a t very low c o n c e n tra tio n s In the vaterf in p a r ti c u la r, c e rta in species of shrimps have been k ille d at levol8 of 1 ppb or l e s s . Thin i s a consequence of tho uptake, c o n c en tra tio n and accumulation o xhibited by theeo organisms. D ifforonc ;s i n tho t o x i c i t y of commercial IClte can c r in o fro:i the p ro s1; o f c e r t a i n i m p u r i t i e s , nota b ly polychloro-dibon;;' f u r a n s . Th.oosne rcuub.;-tiut ncos J H M if in tho bn3ic s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l s or aricuwfroy. the proc.oonin centl i l i ir 2. Manufacture and present uoca The s o l o m a n u f a c t u r e r o f TUBs i n t h e UK io '.oncunto C h o .i c u l n l.trt. J i n c c 1971 tho Company han s u p p l i e d lUIls t o th..> . l e c t r i c a l i n d u s t r y o n ly , f o r use s o l o l y no d i o l o o t r i c flu id r. in trnrm form cro nnd c a p a c i t o r s . At p r e s e n t no sdequato s u b n t i t u t o e fo r th oso unco e x i s t . Very Bnal 1 pianti t i e s of Ivlin a rc a ls o provided fo r resourch p ro je c ts ro la te d to trunnformcro and capncitorn and a l s o f o r a n - n l y ti c u l und t o x i c o l o g i c a l s t u d i e s . Tho l i k e l i h o o d o f previ tin o t h o r u o o r s o f PCUa h a v in g o i n i f i c u n t unusod Btocko io t h o u - h t to be m n i n a l and thio muot bo a d im in ish in g > oooibilit;', 3 . S.Qntcr.o.1 m p f l heq.3. ( d) U8C The Uli io p a r t y to a v o l u n t a r y i n t e r n a t i o n a l agreem ent o f th u OJUD. B a o e n t i a l l y t i l l s proponed t h a t DCBa s h o u l d bo u se d o n ly i> c lo s o d c y s t o . o i n a li m i t e d numbor o f e a s e s wlioro th e minimnl r i e k of c o n ta r iin a tio n of the environment is outweighed e i t h e r by the f a c t th a t no adequate s u b s titu te s e x i s t f o r p o r t i o u l a r a p p l ic a tio n s or by the c o n s id e ra b le advantages, eg s a f e t y , a s s o c i a t e d with t h e i r uoo in s p e o ia l a r e a s . The v o lu n ta ry r e s t r i c t i o n s operated by the PCB m anufacturer i n the UK ensure th a t UK praotice f a lls within these terms, (b) Djqpoa&l Tho o b j e c t i v e of d isp o s a l methods must be to avoid unnecessary and u n c o n tro lle d dieporool of PCBs. The Oslo and London Dumping Conventions, to which th e UK in a s i g n a t o r y , p r o h i b i t dumping a t se a , u n le s s p re se n t in tr a c e q u a n t i t i e s . The d e l i b o r a t o diopoeal of PCBo to the s e a , to o n lu a rie e , r i v e r s and sowers cannot bo knowingly p e r m itte d . While i d e a l l y c o n t r o l le d diochargeo should a lc o bo f r e e from PCBs, i t i s i n e v i t a b l e th a t th e re w ill be low co n c en tra tio n s i n tho discharges from p la n ts nunufucluring and handling J'CBe. In such c a s e s , l e v e l s i n the d isc h arg es should be c o n t r o l l e d eo th a t l e v e l s i n tho r e c i p i e n t voterB do not exceed 0.01 ppb, as recomraonded by the Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency. In view of th e se p r i n c i p l e s , PCBs must t h e r o f o r e p r e f e r a b l y be d e stroye d an4 d e t o x if ie d or disposod of on land whore t h e i r m o b il ity i s r e s t r i c t e d and whore c o n t r o l can be e x o r c ise d . The only provon adequate process ensuring d estru c tio n and d e to x ific a tio n is hightemporaturo incinoration. 4 . C ate g o rie s o f TCHe r c q u l r j n : .d isp o sa l FCBo r e q u i r i n '"- diapooul orio o i n s c v c r u l d i o t i n c t aro a s: ( i) Manufacturin'- wastes Tho m a jo r ity o f PCBs diajtoood of i n UK a r i u e Tro:* rm nvfaclurin . wastes. These a^o a t presen t dinjxjood o f by high-tempera lu re i: ci n .-r-ti on. The q u a n t i t y amounto to about 400 tono/a^num a t p r e s e n t, anil in not l i k e l y to incroase. ( i i ) Imported wastes Bocauso s u f f i c i e n t high-tom pornture i n c i n o r a t i o n f;c.i 1i lie o u o not a v a i l a b l e i n c o n t in e n t a l Europe, about 250 tons of liq u i d PCBo arc imported i n t o UK oach y e a r f o r d isp o s al by i n c i n o r a t i o n . Whilst import involven t r a n s p o r t a t i o n of la rg o q u a n t i l i o s o f PCBs, and thus some r i s k of uccide ilul eplllag a, i t in reforuble that adequate methods, i.o . high-temperature ln o in o ra tio n , should be used, rath o r than inadequate, eg in d io c rin in ato dumping. In the absonce of adequate f a c i l i t i e o in co n tin en tal Euro c, this trade should not be discouraged. N6V 036828 3. f H w n w cwwo q g f f IHt J WH y v s'' ^< -- ' .* s ^ v .*. v*i*. .,' ir ` .. .. > m w w i l i n f w w iiy u i j i rx f affr i m o y r a ry n tt; ^ { : : ,u l J . (111) PCBs have been ueed in tran sfo rm ers a in ce the 1940b . Theoc p a r t i c u l a r PCBo ore tho h i g h l y - c h l o r i n a t e d , very p o r o io te n t typos, iiince 1971, a l l transfo rm ers liave c a r r ie d a lab el warning users of tho need for adequate d isp o s a l methods, and sono have dono so e.inct 1940. There ia a need f o r a u n i f i e d , sta n d a r d la b e l to bo agreed, and i t io p r e f e r a b le th a t thiB Bhould be donn i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y . Thin io boi r^; connidor/d by tho 22C and o th e r i n t e r e s t e d p a r ti o o . Some manufacturers of transform ers have w r i t t e n to a l l purchasers of t r a m f o m o r s , oven back to thoBo buying in the 1940o, inform ing them of the noed f o r adoouato dispooal arrangomento. Otliero might be encouraged to do likovrisc. Tho l i f e of tran e fo rw ers i s about 30 yoars and n fov u n ito , co n tain in g about 10 tons ICBs in t o t a l , a r e scrapped each year a t p r e s e n t. About 300 u n i t e a -e manufactured each year in UK, of which about 200 a r c fo r the home market. By 1995 about 100 u n its /a n n u n , c o n tain in g a t o t a l of about 130 tons PCBo, may r e q u i r e scrapping; by tho year 2000, the lovol may reach 200 unite/annum , e q u i v a le n t to 250 tons PCBe. Thoro la only very alow growth i n tho demand f o r P CB-filled tra n s fo rm e rs and i t boccio u n l i k e l y t h a t any eudden in c ro a a e i n demand w ill a r i s e . ( i v ) Lflrgtf 9{\:Vyl \ m Power f a c t o r c o r r e c t i o n capaci loro used in th e UK c o n ta in bel;oo 0 .5 nd 20 l i l r o n o f PCBo. Moot of th in in absorbed i n the- u .hmi Ini' l i t t l e i s prooent as the f r e e l i q u i d . Sud) capaci'.oro f i r r t wont in to o '.rv iro in tho l a t e 1950s but because o f t h e i r Ion l i f e (about 25 y c u ro j, v .ry f havo y e t been taken out o f n o r v ic c . however, :<y the 1900c, n n.uiber r-.'-ffici nt to g ive r i n c to. about 130 tonr. of PCUs w ill r e q u ir e disposal end by t i n year 2000 thio nay r i s e to about 25*'' tonn IXlBs. Thun tb.ooe w ill bo equi v aln .it, in te rn e o f q u a n t i t y of rCB waote, to t r a nof o m e r o . I t i d c n ira b l aid p r a c t i c a b l e t h a t th e se u n i ' 3 should a l c e bo la b o lle d on an i n t e r n a t i civil ly agreed bnoio os to tho noed f o r adoquate dioposol and thin i s being di.-cucsed. (v ) Small c a p a c i t e r Those are g o n o ra lly mounted s in g l y i n s i d e equiproont such co f lu o r e s c e n t l i g h t f i t t i n g s , washing innchinoo, a i r c o n d itio n in g u n ito and a range of i n d u o t r i a l c l o c t r i c u l oquijmonl. The r a t e of scrapping of thoo items probably vnrion q u i t e wldoly, but i t eterna re a s o a ib l o to assumi an avern o l i f e of about 10 ycaro p .t u n i t . Tho q u a n t i t y of PCBo in c o p n e ito r a being p r e s e n t l y ocrappod i s about 250 tons/annum; t h i s may r i s e to a poak of obout f NEV 036829 4. 400 tona/annum around I960 and then f a l l to about 150 tona/annumby 1990, duo to the in tr o d u c t i o n of o th e r forma of d i o l e c t r l o . Thun the t o t a l q u a n t i t y of PCBa being dlspooed of i n th lc category ia a lre ad y of th e same ordor an the oth o r o a t e g o r le a ( i ) , ( i i ) , ( i l l ) / ( i v ) are l i k e l y to reach by the end of tho century. Removal of th e se c a p a c i t o r s from each s e p a r a te item o f e l e c t r i c a l equipment p r i o r to sc ra p p in g i a no t p r a c t i c a b l e . At p r e s e n t, they are th e re fo r e tippod onto ru b b ish dumps, in c o rp o r a te d i n t o a c r a p motal or pass through municipal i n c i n e r a t o r s . The v a s t m a jo rity of those c a p a c ito rs co n tain n e g lig ib le q u a n t itie s of fre e liq u id rCBs, sin c e tho d i e l e c t r i c is absorbed in to paper windings. EJvon i f , who tip p e d onto dumps, t h e i r s e a le d metnl casing woro r u p tu re d , tho PCBs would be loachod out by wator only very a l o v ly . These p a r t i c u l a r PCBs ore l e s s h ig h ly c h l o r i n a te d than thoso used i n transform ers and a re more r e a d i l y d eg ra d ab le . The PCB c o n te n t of those c a p a c ito r s undergoing scrap metal processing in e t e e l fum aooe, where temperatures r?ach about 1600C, w ill be destroyed. Those cap acito rs passing through municipal in c in e r a to rs , where the temperature and the residence time are Inadequate to anaure complete d e g ra d a tio n o f thd PCB c o n t e n t, w ill th e r e f o r e r e le a s e part of t h e i r PCB c o n t e n t to a i r and p a r t w ill be tip p e d w ith the ash from incinerators. 5. Incineration facilvUcs At p r e s e n t thoro io only 1 h ig h -te m p eratu re in c tn c o r: t i on pla n t a v a i l a b l e for uoe i n the UK se rv in g th e wante-din]>osal in d u s try capable of e f f e c t i v e l y d isp o s in g of PCBs. 15y tho end of t:io yor.r another w ill be commissiunod, and we undcrotund t h a t a n o th e r 2 or 3 nay bccouo a v a i l a b l o i n the near f u t u r e . Thoso f a c i l i t i e s burn l i q u i d organic w astes, in c lu d in g PCBs, n t a ten p ern tu ro o f about 1200C, high enough to convort F*CBo to CO^, H^O and HC1. Tho f i r s t two vapours a r e of r e l a t i v e l y low or n e g l i g i b l e onvironmonlal impact; HC1 i s reraovod from the e f f l u e n t by scrubbing, ennuring f u l l compliance with tho atandurds of the A lkali A ct. Tho PCBn are th e re fo r e e f f e c t i v e l y doetroyed and d e t o x i f i o d . Tho t o t a l a v a i l a b l e c a p a c ity i n tho UK f o r h ig h - te n p e r a tu r o i n c i n e r a t i o n of l i q u i d organic wastes vri.ll be 2 0 ,'OO tono/snnum by the end o f 1973, of which ca . 6Cf* could bo o h lo rln h le d wan t o o . Bonce those f a c i l i t i e s w ill be adequate to provide f o r diepooal of tho qiuxntitios li k e l y to a r i s e a t l e a s t up to the end of th in co ntury. The s i to coot of d isp o s al by th is motbod i s t y p i c a l l y a t proeent about 10 - 30/ t o n , the uppor l i m i t boing a p p lic a b le to the more h ighly c h lo rin a te d su bstances. NEV 0 3 6 3 3 0 5. * fc Only lim ite d f a c i l i t i e s e x is t f o r the in c in e r a tio n of s o li d PCB-jcontanlnoted w astes, eg PCBa abaorbed Onto the papor windings of e a p n c lto rn . I n c in e r a tio n la labour in to n aiv e and neoeeaitates a prelim inary stage of v o l a t i l i s a t i o n and c o l l e c t i o n of th e PCB c o n te n tj t h i s i s i n e v i t a b l y more c o s t l y than straightforward incineration. In view of the evidence now a v a i l a b l e about the a c t i o n and d i s t r i b u t i o n of PCBa, wo recommend t h a t t h o i r uso and diapooal should be s u b j e c t to s p e c ia l consideration, ( a ) Uoe We regard the p re so n t v o lu n ta ry c o n t r o l s ex e rc ise d by the so le UX manufacturer as s a t i s f a c t o r y . While t h i s voluntary system oannot control the import o f e i t h e r bulk PCBe or PCB-contoining p ro d u cts, these are moat l i k e l y to come from OECD c o u n t r i o a , and should thuo be s u b j e c t to s i m i l a r r e s t r i c t i o n s under th e OECD agreement. At p r e s e n t , i t i s not p r o f i t a b l e to reoover and re u se PCBa, but the s i t u a t i o n may change and these reoovered PCBa would f a l l o u t s i d | the scope o f , t h i s volu n ta ry scheme. In a d d i t i o n , anothor company could^any time commence manufacture o f PCBa and w h ils t t h i s should come w ith in the OECD agreement, i t would not be covered by the p re se n t m a n u fa c tu r e r's r a t h o r more r e s t r i c t i v e v o lu n ta ry schema. Wo t h e r e fo re roconmond t h a t the prose.it arrangements should continue but be roviovod i n f i v e y o a r s' t i n e . Tho S e c r e ta r y of S tn to f o r the Environuonl fill bo afforded onorgency pouoro under tho P rotection of tho Environment t i l l to c o n tro l tho use of any m a te ria ls which roprosont a hazard to any petrt c f the community. In view of tie v o lu n ta r y basin o f p rese nt c o n t r o l s on ICllo, those substances ohould bo in c lu d ed anoi\':ot thoso covered by these powers. (b) pianaafli ( i) Uqnldfl A method of dinjiocn] of l i q u i d I'CBo tlint io known to bo onfe ia hig h-tom pornturo i n c i n o r a t i o n and wo t h e r e f o r e i ^ o r ^ a n d obligator'.' d isp o sal of l i q u i d PCBa by t h i s method. Approved i n c i n c r a t i o n / w i l l bo s p e c i f i c a l l y il lic e n s e d f o r th is purpose. We rcce^mond th a t f a c i l i t i e s should be provided M f o r analyoio of otocl: gaooo to bo o a r r ie d out a t fre q u e n t i n t e r v a l s . A real in ti e f ig u r e f o r Btack emissiono o f PCBa, baoed on exporionce gained a t mannfeeturing pl<uitn, i s a co n c en tratio n of lmg/m^, with a t o t a l o v era ll lim it of 0.5 kg/day f o r each s i t s . There ore p r a c t i c a l d i f f i c u l t i e s a s o o cia ted with the mothodo to be adopted to ensure these c o n d itio n s s r o being met. Thoso are a t prenant being oonslderod by the I n t e r n a t i o n a l E le c tr o to c h n io a l Commission (Technical Committee 10 ) on which tho UK in d u s t r y i s rep re se n te d ,so we recommend th a t it h e NEV 36031 inrnaA 'inrxiWJWW'**' )T~W(^Twrcrm - iWMffl l".Wf.< :T -- 'y'VT'-p---rr> , ' i J a f l . J J ' i .'; A v i -y A -- -- m . ~. i f an agreed methodology i s proposed by t h i s body, the pane should be adopted i n the UK f o r sampling and a n a ly s i s of sta c k gases f o r PCBs. Purchasers of transformers and largo oapaoitors are informed of the need f o r adequato d isp o s a l and each piece of equipment now Bold o a r r io a a la b o l to t h i s e f f e c t . We th in k t h a t t h i s syBtere w i l l prove e f f e c t i v j when such equipment becomeB o b o o lo te . Howevor, thcro i s a p o t e n t i a l problem ossooiated with disposal of unlabelled firs t-g e n e ra tio n equipnont. Sooo retro B p o o tiv e l a b e l l i n g i s being c a r r i e d out and ue wolcome t h l e . Vie f e e l t h a t th e p r o b a b i l i t y of lorge transform ore being obtained by uninformed sc ra p merchants i s minimal and wo rogard the r e t r o s p e c t i v e l a b e l l i n g e x e rcise as a l l t h a t can p r a o t i o a l l y be achieved. ( i i ) Contaminated ,B.Qllda A s u b s t a n t i a l p ro p o rtio n o f s o l i d wasteB co n ta in ! ryj PCBs occurs i n sm all c a p a c i t o r s . Othor s o l i d wastes contaminated w ith PCBs lnolude rags, sawdust, P u lle rs Earth, paper, e t c . , a r is in g from manufacturing and h a ndling p l a n t s . Where o a p s c lt o r s remain i n the a p p a ra tu s i t ie considered a c c e p ta b le th a t they c a n be disposed o f by t i p p i n g onto dry t l p e . Where la r g e numbers of c a p a c ito r s or l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s of contaminated s o l i d s r e q u ir o d i s p o s a l , og from m anufacturing or handling p l a n t c , theBo Bhould be r o asto d to v o l a t i l i s e tho PCD c o n t e n t , which may thon be in c i n e r a t e d a t approved high-tomjxiraturo f a c i l i t i e s . ( i i i ) Tran-..ortation etc Tho c a r r i a g e on lnnd of waste l i q u i d PCUn should be s u b je c t to comparable co n d itio n s iu terms of l a b e l l i n g , handling, ackagin,-; and tr a n o p o r t ao ore a t p r o a o n t v o l u n t n r : )y a p p lied i n UK to freah ly -r.an u fu ctu red bulk l i q u i d PCBs o understand t)int a Code of P r a c t i c e of t h i s type i s a t p r o s c r ^ b e i n g drnvj^ up by th o *4.1***+l <Ua *{m-r f l u l 'x f "** (CIQRE^.forking <iroup Ml/02)j t h i s would form tho basis fo r an in te r n a tio n a lly accoptablo procod\ire. (c ) Analonoue eu<>st&ncva S ubstances such ao a l k y la t e d c h io ro -b ip h e n y ls and poly c h lo rin ate d terphonylo (PCTe) a r e s t r u c t u r a l l y s i m i l a r to PCBs and have comparable p r o p e r t i e s . They hove ae y o t, only vary r c a t r i o t o d usoe i n tho UK and are not manufactured horo. Thoy do not come w ith in tho termo of tho OBCD agreement on PCBs and th e re are no o o n tro la over t h e i r im port. Wo fee l t h a t , i n p r i n c i p l e , th e se substances should bo a u b je o t to tho anno c o n s tr a in ts 7. NEV 0 3 6 8 3 2 i n uae and d is p o s a l ao we reoomraend f o r FCBe, but p o s i t i v e proposals w ill depend on vhother t h e i r uso expands. V/e reoommend t h a t they be included in the review suggested for 5 yoors henoe. I . NEV 0 3 6 8 3 3 8. 't >>r i >- 9 1 g ~-rc rc K