Document 82BjayBgBpjz62rBk7gz5g2ke

Where Weight Most Be Added Lead Concentrates It in Smallest Space h e d esign of industrial lift trucks weight the rear end of the truck. Of Tfor use in intra-plant transporta course the greatest advantage of such tion. warehousing and carloading ina weight is gained when the weight is volves careful consideration of nta- farthest from the front axle but every neuverabilitv as well as the mechani increase in the length of the vehicle cal details of power application. A reduces its abilitv to turn in limited number of manufacturers of these spaces. Therefore it is desirable that rugged little vehicles are now making the counterweighing material occupv use of the relatively great weight of the least possible space. lead to keep their dimensions small Lead is without doubt the heaviest so that thev can operate in the small material in relation to its bulk that is est possible spaces. commonly available. In addition it is Most of the lift trucks carry their easily shaped by casting or it can be loads ahead of the wheelbase on melted and poured directly into pre racks or "forks" which slip under the pared spaces in the body of the truck. load to lift it. When the fork rises the It is durable and does not have a ten front wheels become a fulcrum dency to work loose and rattle. For around which the weight of the truck these reasons lead counterweights are must overbalance the load. Many of now being extensively used by truck the trucks are extremely powerful and manufacturers. can raise loads heavy enough to over Examples of trucks showing both balance the mechanical structure of types of application are shown in the truck. To avoid the embarrassing the accompanying illustrations. situation of having the load remain Precast weights are used by the on the floor while the back wheels Elwell-Parker Company of Cleveland, rear up and spin it is necessary to Ohio in their crane trucks as well as Electrically pouered lit! truck piling merchandise. Lead poured in place in rounded truck body counter balances the load. their lift trucks. The cover picture shows weights being placed in posi tion in a crane truck of this make. The Baker-Raulang Companv of Cleveland, manufacturers of the Baker lift truck shown above use a poured lead weight in a box at the rear. Both of these electricallv pow ered trucks also take full advantage of the lead and storage battery for balancing purposes. The Towmotor Companv. also of Cleveland, use precast-weights set in to the triangular spaces on either side of the power plant. Each weight is cast with a steel loop for lowering it into place in the truck. Because of the great w eight of lead in relation to its bulk the center of gravity of the counterweight is lo cated at the greatest possible distance from the front wheels. This reduces the total weight necessary and intro duces the paradoxical condition where the total weight of the vehicle can actually be reduced bv using the heaviest material available. Althought the reason for using lead counterweights on industrial trucks is to reduce the length of the truck, the principle of reducing the total weight of counterbalanced as semblies by increasing the moment arm as the volume of the counter weight is reduced can be helpful in many cases where the total weight is a critical item. --2-- LU258 2P South or North Pure White Lead Does a Good Job AINT maintenance has long been found it most satisfactory'' savs the Pconsidered a difficult problem in merchant. "It doesn't crack and peel. the deep south where temperaturesI can paint over it without scraping run high and the climate is humid. As a result many structures, espe or burning ' savs the painter. cially the smaller ones, have com monly gone unpainted. However, in the words of the song "It ain't neces sarily so'' and records of the fine performance of pure white lead paint are regularly coming to light to prove it. The photographs herewith show how pure white lead paint has in creased the attractiveness of a wide variety of structures. The comments of the users are typical of the re marks of users of pure white lead the country over. "It prolongs the life of the wood'' say the owners. "I use it because mv customers have These comments by users of pure white lead paint in Lowndes County, Georgia, the heart of the turpentine producing district of the south where the climate is hot and relatively humid show that the pure white lead paint provides a satisfactory solution to the supposedly difficult paint problems of the southern areas. It is a common assumption that Paint materials may be sold bv the feed store in the small loan. This merchant uses as well as sells while lead paint. Pine Grove 1 ocational School in Lowndes Co.. Georgia, demonstrates to its students the darabtlit\ oi pure white lead paint. --3-- Election day should be a pleasant holiday where voters gather in this attractive white lead painted voting precinct. different climatic conditions require special paint formulations to with stand their respective destructive ef fects on paint. The facts are that the weather attacks paint in about the same manner whatever the climate. The attack varies in degree or severity but not in kind. The most durable paint in one climate is likelv to give the best performance in another. That is why "you're monev ahead when you paint with white lead'' in any climate. LIA25829 Weather Balloon Radio Powered By resistance to acid attack. When first developed each cell had to be filled by means of a hypodermic syringe. Lead-Acid Storage Batteries This was a very tedious operation and when done in the field was ex LYING on regular schedules often usual storage battery hazard of self Ffar higher than human endurance discharge or the deterioration which will tolerate, automatic radio trans is unavoidable-in so called dry bat mitters send out data on temperature, teries. Since weather observations are pressure and humidity to the meteor usually made daily a considerable ologists who furnish weather forecasts stock of batteries must be kept on to the army. These transmitters, car hand which makes necessary the care ried bv free balloons are completely ful consideration of the keeping char automatic and carry a power pack of acteristics of the battery. The freshly lead acid storage batteries. filled lead-acid battery can be de These batteries are the smallest pended upon for full current strength. tremely difficult. It is now done auto matically by admitting the electrolyte to a metal container in which a com plete set of batteries for one observa tion flight are packed under high vacuum which draws the required amount of liquid into each cell. Here lead performs another ser vice in protecting the steel container from the corrosive action of the elec trolyte. The entire can inside and out is coated with lead which is highly high voltage storage batteries ever The manufacturers of these tiny resistant to the sulphuric acid. Thus built commercially and they weigh batteries, the Willard Storage Bat lead is performing the double func only about six ounces each. Three tery Co., have also developed -an in tion of furnishing power and safe batteries of 18 cells each are required genious method of filling them with guarding the power supply for the to furnish the high voltage plate cur electrolyte which makes use of lead's weather observation services. rent required by the transmitter. A three cell battery of about the same size supplies the filament current. Economical Utilization of Lead Accessary The cases are of plastic and the sep arators are of a special absorptive material which provides positive spill To Maintain Supplies for Essential Use proof protection for the electrolite. The lead acid battery is particu larly well adapted to this use because, AR and essential civilian de thev need. However, some will. For Wmands for lead have continued instance, there is no restriction on lead to increase and the military fofrocer schemical equipment where its use once the plates are formed, the bat have found that they need more lead is necessarv for resistance to corrosion. tery can be stored dry until required for small arms ammunition and other Lead for calking is not restricted. for use, then filled with electrolyte and purposes than they originally antici Lead pipe, sheet and fittings are made put into service thus eliminating the pated. At the same time manpower available by the order where muni shortages both here and abroad have cipal and state regulations require 4 tiny lead-acid storage battery and the lead coated steel vacuum pack .shipping container which automatic ally fills 4 batteries with electrolyte before being unpacked. Pencil points to one of the holes through which each of the eighteen cells must be filled. reduced production and imports of lead, and for the last couple of years there have been only minor Govern ment restrictions on its use. Conse quently there is no longer enough lead for all military and civilian uses and the situation has reached a point their use. A number of other uses are not restricted. On the other hand w hite lead for civilian painting will be hard to get. The situation calls for economical usage of lead and avoidance of wastage. There are many wavs in where the War Production Board has which such economies can be made. found it necessary to issue a new order In a nation accustomed for so long more rigidly controlling the use of lead. to use its resources lavishly much This order, M-38. places restric material can be saved bv giving more tions on the amount of lead that may careful consideration to the quantities be used for a liumoer of less essential used in each individual job. purposes, prohibits its use for some To accomplish savings by this purposes, and places no limit on its means is the responsibility of the de use for military and highly essential signer and fabricator of lead prod civilian applications. The order it ucts be he engineer or plumber. In self should be consulted for specific addition all scrap lead should be col restrictions and exemptions because lected and returned to the market as of the variety of uses to which the quickly as possible. By means of lead is put in modern industry. conservation and salvage, adequate Many users of lead products will supplies for essential uses can no not get as much of these products as doubt be maintained. 4-- -- LIA2583C >T [I^^PorttoW of |/ jkmerica^ No. 29 Painted Brickwork In Wiscasset, Maine pho t o s by dayt o n s n y d ek Wiscasset Public Library, built in 1805, was originally used as a bank. In 1870 it was converted to a residence and later it became the library and women's club building. The in teresting texture of the white lead painted brick walls adds much to its charm. The Smith house, built in 1797, was the home of eccentric Mary Woody Emerson, who went about dressed in her shroud. More cheerful now. it is painted with pure white lead paint. The Cook Hub bard house, built in 1828, by Fran cis Cook, Collec tor of Customs ot the Port of Wiscasset. Pure white lead paint is equally well adapted to the brick of the origi nal house and to the wood con struction oi later additions. T is traditional that the early Ameri I can house be built of wood painted white, usually with pure white lead paint. However wood construction was not universal and fine examples of brick construction are commonly found in New England. Many of these are also painted. The problem of the selection of the proper paint to use on brickwork was commonly solved by the early Ameri can builder by using the same de pendable pure white lead paint which served so well on his contemporarv wood houses. That it performs equally well on brickwork is shown bv the three houses in Wiscasset, Maine, illustrated on this page. The Wiscasset Library is modern enough in appearance to be the work of a contemporary architect. The Smith house, the first brick house in Wiscasset. is as neat as anv present dav suburban residence and the CookHubbard house might be a recenth built farm house, yet each of these houses is well over a hundred vear~ old. Pure white lead was the standard paint material of the early American builders and they used it successfully on all of the common building fin ishes. The present day owners of these houses continue the same ex cellent practice and the appearance of the houses demonstrates the sound ness of their judgment in buying paint materials. THIS IS NO. 29 OF A SERIFS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. --5-- LIA25831 Am mam Over Two Tears of Service Prove Design of Hard Lead Closet Flange ARD lead floor flanges for water closets. The installation which was H closet connections have now made in accordance with the Omaha been on the market for two yearps.lumbing code includes lead bends They have been found to be satis properly vented with lead and lead factory by the plumbers w ho have put lavatory wastes and vents. them to actual use as well as by the In this case the installation is made sanitary engineers and plumbing in with wiped joints and the flanges are Hard lead closet flanges in place on lead bends in new toilet room in Oma ha, ;Ve6., recreation establishment. soldered to the bends. Had the con nections been made by lead welding the flanges could also have been welded to the bends without tinning or other special preparation. In specifying the hard lead closet flange it should be kept in mind that the Lead Industries Association's Seal of Approval on each flange identifies it as being in compliance in design and composition with the specifica tions of the Association. These speci fications were established by means of extensive study and testing and they can be relied upon for strength and durability. The requirement of the Lead Industries Seal of Approval on all lead plumbingsupplies is a con venient and sure way of insuring the use of high quality material while leaving the specification completeh open since any manufacturer who meets the standards of the Association in his products mav be licensed to mark them with the seal. The sole purpose of the Seal of Approval is to indicate that those standards have been met. It is known and recognized through out the plumbing trade. spectors who have run tests on them for strength and adaptability. Thev have proved to be amply strong for use in public toilets as well as in residences where ruggedness is not of such prime importance. An example of such an installation is found in the "Music Box" recrea tional building in Omaha. Nebraska. Here a remodeling project included the relocation of a battery of water Lead Pipe Soil Lines Get Through Where Space Is Limited ONE of the principle advantages ing where it often helps soKe prob in the use of lead plumbing is lems in locating and grading waste its simplicity and directness of inslitnael s and vents. lation. This is important in new work where it shows up in savings of ma terial and time as well as in remodel These points are well illustrated in the accompanying photographs. The first one, taken in residence in Corpus Christi. Texas, shows the clean line' of an all lead waste and vent frame with vent lines run diagonal to make all connections in the direction of flow and to save pipe. No fittings and therefore no joints are required at the bends so the pipe is just as smooth inside as it is outside. The second picture shows the roughing in for a new toilet room in the Tulsa World Building in Tulsa. Waste and vent frame of lead in a residence in Corpus Christi, Texas. i\ote econom ical use of pipe and absence of fittings. Oklahoma. Here a long branch line of. 4 in. lead pipe serves three water closets, three urinals, a slop sink, two lavatories, and two floor drains allow ing proper fall to be obtained with a --6-- L IA 32 minimum raise in floor level. The ease with which lead pipe can be bent to fit a location and joined at the nearest or most convenient point did much to simplify this installation. Another installation in the Mayo Building, also in Tulsa, consists of the installation of an additional water closet and lavatory, a floor drain, and the relocation of the original lava tory. Here, again by using a 4 in. lead branch, the roughing in was ac complished in a minimum space, this time without changing the original floor level. Here again the advantage of unrestricted joint locations is also of great advantage as is shown where the closet vents are wiped in just above the heel of the closet bend. Of course these remodeling jobs are special cases but the characteris tics of lead work which made them possible are constantlv working in the hands of careful plumbers and de signers to simplify their installations and save material although the pri mary reason for the use of lead for plumbing is its great durability under exposure to the highlv corrosive con ditions found in sanitary disposal systems. Only in lead, one of the oldest and yet one of the most modern plumbing materials is found such flexibility plus durability. Below--Space sat ing lead soil line and lead fixture connections in Mayo Building. also in Tulsa. Abore--Four in. lead soil line serving seven fixtures in new toilet room in Tulsa World Building in Tulsa, Okla. All fixture connections and vent branches also oi lead. Water Service Installation Costs Vary But Costs of Lead Pipe Remains Small HE comparison of the relation tion from troubles due to corrosion Tships between the cost of pipe damaged afforded bv lead pipe is so used in water services and the cosltow as to be almost negligible. of the complete services installed as Even in localities where installation they occur in various cities has costs of services run lower the price proved to be an interesting study. of such protections is also very small. Previouslv published have been item The accompanying itemized costs of ized accounts of such costs in two tw o typical actual service pipe instal large cities, one in the east and one lations are from the files of the Water in the middle-west. In both cases the Department of an important south total cost of the service is compara- western city. They show, as did the tivelv high due to the unavoidable previous examples, that the propor administrative costs, permits, safety tionate costs of the pipe increases as precautions and working conditions the length of the service increases. in a large city. Under such condi They also show, however, as did the tions the cost of the superior protec previous figures that the cost of the pipe used does not approach the position of being a major part of the total expense. In addition, am sa\ ings that w ould be made bv using a cheaper, less durable material would be onlv a Length oi service 10' Corporation cock . ... . .. $1.04 Curb stop ................... .. . 1.24 Curb box ..................... .. . 3.50 Meter coupling........... .50 Compressor ................. ... 2.50 Labor ............................ 6.77 Paving Repair ........... . . . 9.44 1 v" Lead Pipe............. ... 3.00 27.99 2.80 Total ............................ 30.79 Cost of pipe percentage of total. .. . .. 9.7fe 21' $1.04 1.24 3.50 .50 6.25 6.10 18.25 6.30 43.18 4.32 47.50 10.3*5: Li*?56 33 Joining lead pipe for service lines in Detroit housing project. fraction of the cost of the lead pipe. It is also true that in many cases the ease of installation of lead service pipe will actually offset the slightly higher cost of the pipe itself. Lead service pipe can be installed in long single lengths. Branches can be joined without severing the main pipe. The accompanying photographs illustrate these features with great clarity. They were taken on the site of a housing project in Detroit where 399 units each had a % in. service similar to the one illustrated. It is a quick and simple operation to unroll a coil of pipe in the ditch, and make the nec essary connections at the ends. There is a minimum amount of handling of the pipe required and many joints are eliminated. On this project alone Thf ftiitwmi article and reprints contain information. flowmgs and specifications on the use of toad products helpful to architects, engineers and ethers in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17. N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 pagf booklet uti the protective value, durability ,m<l beaut' of pure n'bii'1 traJ paint with i|uantn\ r-tinidlinp t.iMr- formula- aru) mixinc fliol lititing in-truulion- for exterior and interior ue. RED LEAD FOR STRtCTIRAL *ORK By Dr. L. L. Carriek, Director, Red Lead neseareli. Lead Industrie* Association A discussion of tbe rust inbibitive qualities of red lead paint and the Lest means of making use of tho>' qualitie- for tbe protection of structure) metal. Reprinted from tnfmeenn/ Sews Recrd, April 6. 1943 LEAD CARRIES ITS WEIGHT By Fred P. Peters An interesting resume of many of tbe long e-tabli-hej u-e- of lead plus information on a number of ifcently developed adaptations of tbe properties of lead to -peciul purpo-e-. Reprinted from Scien ii/ic American, June. 1944. >OME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS Ry Dr. F. L. Ilrownc, Senior Chemist, Forest* Prorlurl* Laboratory, Madison, Wis. Reprinted from the National Real Esiatt Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOl BLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of bard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certjgrade -bingle details and installation method-. Reprinted from tbe American Builder, July, 1939. STOP DEMON REST Leaflet giving concise, simple instruction- in the u-< f the ru-t preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protecting farm machinery. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION W-P-325 For Pipe, Bends and Traps, LEAD. Part 5 of Section IV' of tbe Federal Standards Stock Catalog, official publication by tbe Govern ment Printing Office. LEAD EQI IPMEVT I'SFD IN INDI'STRY By F. E. V urmrr, ^erreiary nf Eru<! In dustrie* A'tor ia lion A nummary of the ues of lead in tbe production ami handling of i-orro*i*e chemical?. Reprinted from "Metal Prtiprc --" to Le included in the nexl rditioi; of American Snnety ni Metals Handbook . M MM ARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief description of the u-e- of lead for roofing and flashing purpo-r- and the primer practice- of it* .ippli< at ion. HrPn,,ir<j from Sheet Metal Uotke,. NF\K LEAD COMING PROCESS ELIMINATES I St OF ZINC ALLOYS By V . 1 unknun. Engineer, ^etern F.lectrie l.o. A de-cription of a ucce--fu) but dip lead coaiim.' process with complete instructions for changing over Irom hot dip galvanizing using the same equipment. Reprinted from Product Engineering, May. J934. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, C594-41 Lead Pipe, C>95-41 Lead Traps and Bends, 096-4] Official publication- by tbe Government Printing Of hce of tbe above Commercial Standard- a- promul gated by the L. S. Department of Commerce through tbe National Bureau of Standard-, effective June 25. 1941. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, News Editor, Metals and Alloys A thorough discussion of hot dip and electroplated coatings on atee) sheet, wite and fabricated prod net- tmluding ihe technique of application, thick ness of coatings, uses and advantages. Reprinted from the November, 1944 issue of Metals and Alloys. LEAD X-RAY SHIELDING Graphic chart based on recommendation- of tbe International Commission oo X-Ray and Radium Protection giving thicknesses of lead for respective voltages in millimetres, inches and pounds per -quare foot. V nusually long water service installed in lead with minimum number of joints. over 50 tons of lead service pipe was used. Rapid installation not only re duced costs but also helped to speed the completion. There are other ways in which the use of lead pipe simplifies the work of water service installation. It forms its own gooseneck at the corporation cock and thus does not require the introduction of another material. Lead services can be made up com plete in the shop ready to he laid in place and connected to mains and meter in the shortest possible time thus helping to reduce the hazards of open ditches and the expense of over night barriers and lights. But back of all other characteris tics of lead service pipe, over-shadow ing the reasonable cost, ease of in stallation and time saving possibili ties stands the superior durability of lead which is demonstrated by service lines which have been in place for many years and which are still in per fect condition. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WELL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILE COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS 155 PRINTED IN L\ S. A. PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY LIA25P34