Document 823Lz1XzKR7LYj7q8O0EJb41m

552 CHAPTER 23 1954 Guide REFFERENCES 1 I = B=R Installation Guide No. 5, Baseboard Heating Systems {Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers, Second Edition, 1953). 3 A Study of Radiant Baseboard Heating in the I = B=R Research Home, by Alonzo P. Kratz and Warren S. Harris (University of Illinois, Engineering Experi ment Station Bulletin No. 358, 1945). 5 A.S.H.V.E. Code for Testing Radiators (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 33, 1927, p. 18). .`A.S.H.V.E. Standard Code for Testing and Rating Concealed Gravity Type Radiation (Steam), (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 37, 1931, p. 367); (Hot Water), (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions,!Vol. 39, 1933, p. 237). (See also A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 38; and Vol. 42, 1936, p. 29). * I=B=R Testing and Rating Code for Baseboard Type of Radiation (Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers, First Edition, July 1950). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 998--Factors Affecting the Heat Output of Convectors, by A. P. Kratz, M. K. Fahnestock, and E. L. Broderck (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 40, 1934, p. 443). 7 Factors Influencing the Heat Output of Radiators, by A. C. Davis, W. M. Sawdon and David Dropkin (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 42, 1942, p. 185) and (Cor nell University, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin Ho. 29, April, 1942). 8 Heat Emission from Radiators, by K. F. Rubert (Cornell University, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 24, 1937). 8 Comparative Tests of Radiator Finishes, by W. H. Severns (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 33, 1927, p. 41). 10 Heat Loss from Direct Radiation, by j. R. Allen (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 26, 1920, p. 11). 11 Heat Output of Concealed Radiators, by E. A. Allcut (University of Toronto, School of Engineering Research Bulletin No. 140, 1933). 18 The Heating Effect of Radiators, by Charles Brabble (A.S.H.V.E. Transac tions, Vol. 33, 1927, p. 33). 13 Investigation of Heating Rooms.with Direct Steam Radiators Equipped with Enclosures and Shields, by A. C. Willard, A. P. Kratz, M. K. Fahnestock and S. Konzo (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 77 or University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 192). Investigation of Various Factors Affecting the Heating of Rooms with Direct Steam Radiators, by A. C. Willard, A. P. Kratz, M. K. Fahnestock and S. Konzo (University of Illinois, Engineering Experi ment Station Bulletin No. 223). 14 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 962--The Application of the Eupatheoscope for Measuring the Performance of Direct Radiators and Convectors in Terms of Equivalent Temperature, by A. C. Willard, A. P. Kratz and M. K. Fahnestock (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions,' Vol. 39, 1933, p. 303). ,e The Kata Thermometer--Its Value and Defects, by W. J. McConnell and C. P. Yagloglou. (Reprint No. 953 from U. S. Public Health Service Report, pp. 2293-2337, September 5, 1924). 18 The Thermo-Integrator--A New Instrument for the Observation of Thermal Interchanges, by C.-E. A. Winslow and Leonard Greenburg (A.S.H.V.E. Transact tions, . Vol. 41, 1935, p. 149). 17 The Calibration of the Thermo-Integrator, by C.-E. A. Winslow, A. P. Gaggc; Leonard Greenburg, I. M. Moriyama and E. J. Rodee (The American Journal of Hy giene, Yol. 22, No. 1, July, 1935, pp. 137-156). 18 The Globe Thermometer in Studies of Heating and Ventilation, by T. Bedford and C. G. Warner (The Journal of Hygiene, Vol. 34, No. 4). 13 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1067--The Cooling and Heating Rates of a Room with Different Types of Steam Radiators and Convectors, by A. P. Kratz;"M- K. Fahnestock and E. L. Broderick (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 43, 1937, p. 389). :! 58 Humidification for Residences, by A. P. Kratz (University of Illinois, Engineer-, ing Experiment Station Bulletin, No. 230, p. 20). Atr a < vxiAri.ic 14 PANEL HEATING Definitions; Application Methods: Embedded Piping for Ceilings, Walls, or Floors; Warm Air and Electrically Heated Ceilings, Walls, or Floors; Output from Panel Surfaces: Radiation, Convection and Combined Heat Transfer; Floor Panel Design: Design Conditions, Calculation of Room Heat Loss, De termination of UMRT, Determination of Panel Output, Graphical Determination of Panel Input and Water Temperature; Ceiling and Wall Panel Design; Hot Water Piping, Installation and Control; Snow Melting: Design and Installation IN this chapter the term, Panel Heating, is used to describe a method of space heating which employs large heated areas of interior room surfaces operating at relatively low surface temperatures (80 to 125 F). The heating elements-usually consist of warm water piping, warm air ducts, or low temperature electrical resistance elements embedded in, or located behind, ceiling, wall, or floor surfaces. Panel heating may be considered as another method of convenient and effective space heating. The heat loss requirements may be calculated in the conventional manner except that the heat loss through the area occu pied by the heated panel need not be included. An assumed reverse heat loss from the panel, however, should be included in determining the boiler load. The heat release from the panel is expressed in terms of hourly heat output per square foot of surface. The room air temperatures to be main tained are approximately the same as those maintained by heating systems employing cast-iron radiators, convectors, or warm air ducts. This chapter does not include a separate discussion of such topics as the influence of radiation on human comfort, the mechanisms by which human beings release heat, and other similar topics that apply to all methods of heating interior spaces for human comfort. The reader is referred to Chapter 6 for a detailed discussion of these subjects. APPLICATION METHODS The great majority of panel installations of the past 40 years (which is the period of the modem utilization of this method of heating) have used warm water as the heating medium which is circulated in embedded pipjug. More recently, the use of warm air ducts, and embedded electrical heating elements, has come into favor, especially where specific local fac tors have influenced such use. Steam has been used only occasionally because of the problems which result from its higher temperature. . When the heating medium is warm water, both ferrous (steel or wrought won) or non-ferrous (generally copper or aluminum) pipe or tube are used widely in ceiling, wall, or floor panel construction. Tube sizes used are *> i, | and f in. O.D., while piping* is generally 5, for Tin. I.P.S. Where coils are embedded in concrete or plaster, no threaded joints should be used tor ferrous pipe coils. The construction should be; of all-welded type. Changes in direction should be made by bending the pipe itself, rather than "T use of fittings. Solder-joint fittings are used for non-ferrous heating 553