Document 821neLY09g0YXxw5gG9dO14a5

Volume 2 JULY, 1932 Number LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Charming Hand-Wrought Leadwork on ^X4stern Residence HEN Architect Arthur L. Loveless designed Wthe Roy J. Kinnear residence in the exclusive Broadmoor district of Seattle, Washington, he se lected hand-wrought leadwork for the finishing touches on exterior design. In line with his specifications, hand-beaten lead rain leader boxes were installed wherever downspouts were prominent. These were made of six-pound lead, with a small percentage of antimony added for rig idity. As shown in the illustrations, the leaf and vine pattern, used throughout, formed a very pleas ing design. This portion of the lead box was formed by beating with small wooden mallets; the rough- Seattle residence on which lead was used extensively for decorative and practical purposes A beautiful band-beaten hard lead leader-bead ened surface was beaten with a metal hammer; and four strands of lead wire, twisted together, and leadburned into place, made up the braid across the top of the box. Dog-ears were provided for sup porting to the wall, and after installation the bolts which went through these were covered with lead to prevent rust stain. Architectural specifications also called for a lead panel for the frieze over a leaded bay window on the main wing of the house. This panel, made of eightpound hard lead, was formed in five sections, and was also hand-beaten in a similar design to the lead roof drain boxes. After assembly the sections were burned together, to make the joints invisible. All lead work is in pleasing harmony with the architecture of the Kinnear home. It adds a touch of beauty to the rain leaders which so often are a bane to the architect; and it lends its charm in the frieze over the bay window, as well as in leaded glass, and in chimney and roof flashings wherever exposed to view. The value of lead in providing a quiet softening tone, richness of design, and permanence of instal lation. as well as the fact that it will not stain adja- Hand-beaten bard lead frieze over bay window Hard lead leader-heads on a residence LIA2 51B5 Hard lead bay window frieze assembled in shop cent paint or masonry, have all been capitalized by the architect in this modern residence. Frank Edmands of Seattle, Washington, designed and made the decorative lead work according to specifications by Architect Arthur L, Loveless, Home construction such as this affords an excel lent opportunity for the progressive sheet metal man who is willing to devote a little time to the study and practice of lead work. A detailed paper on lead ``burning" will gladly be supplied upon request. Superior Visibility of White Paints at Night ANY engineers, including highway engineers M in particular, are faced with a dual painting problem, protection of structures and safety. instance, bridges, fences, posts and other structures along highways must be so painted that they will be clearly visible in the beams of automobile head lights at night. From the standpoint of protection these structures cannot be better painted than with priming coats of red lead or blue lead and top coats of white lead paint. Besides furnishing the utmost durability obtainable from paint they have a safety factor in their favor which paints of a metallic sheen sometimes used as a protective coating do not possess. Tests have shown, and are partially illustrated here, that paints with a metallic lustre are slightly more visible in the direct rays of artificial light; at an angle to the rays, flat white lead paint is the more visible. When the angle of incidence gets up to about 20 deg. metallic paint is practically invis ible, vet the visibility of the flat lead paint is un affected. As practically all structures along a road Forare at an angle to the beams of automobile head lights, it is obvious that flat w'hite lead paint is the safest thing to use. Even bridges, whose structural members are almost, but not quite, directly ahead of approaching cars need this safe painting because these same structural members generally slope back ward, which has the same effect. Even semi-gloss white lead paint is better in this respect than metallic paint. The reason is the mirror like surface of metallic paint. Hence, there seems to be no reason to use anything but lead paint, for it gives the best protection to the painted surface, and the highest degree of safety. These tests are readily checked by observation along highways at night. They would also hold true for the painting of street cars, busses and anything else that should be clearly visible under artificial light to reduce the hazard of accidents at night. Camera perpendicular to panels Paint with metallic sheen on panel at left, semi-gloss white lead center, fiat white lead right in each photograph, [3] Camera 4> deg. to side of panels Lead Cartilage for Ears of Mounted Animals By: John W. Hope* EAD has found a useful place in mounting speci L mens of large mammals. The word "mounting" is used advisedly to signalize the great advance in cept, of course, that it must be done slowly and carefully, due to a certain amount of adhesion of the two surfaces. After the cartilage is removed, a the art of reproducing animals that by no stretch of replica of it is made in lead. the imagination can The cartilage is then soaked in be called "stuffing." luke-warm water until it becomes To mount an ani pliable and will return to its mal the skin, which normal shape. Flattened over a comes from the field piece of sheet lead, its outline is salted, dried and as scribed and cut out. The lead stiff as a board, is re- is then gradually hammered into the correct shape with its flutes and convolutions bv the use of a curiously shaped wooden tool fashioned by the artisan best to suit his purpose. When the lead shape is com plete. it is given as rough a sur Markins* outline oi carti lage on sheet lead face as possible and knife-edged on the outer extremities. It is then ready to insert into the ear- Hammering lead "carti lage" to shape case of the skin, to which it is cemented with a special paste. fSee cover illustration.) As the butts of the ears will vary ac cording to the position they are I RTESY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY to assume when finished, that portion is usually laxed. shaved to a minimum of thickness and tanned to a soft, durable leather. The form of the animal is carefully sculptured in clay. A plaster of Paris mould is then made of the sculptured form, this mold being used to make a light, durable reproduc tion of the form in papier mache, known as the modelled with papier mache under the skin during the final adjustment. The advantages of this method are that lead is a medium which permits the making of an exact rep lica of the cartilage; with the cartilage of the ear removed, there is no shrinkage or curling of the ear. mannikin, upon which the skin is finally fitted. Keeping pace with the advances that were made in developing the body form of the animal went a search for materials that would enable the craftsman to reproduce more accurately those parts that were beyond the power of the sculptor to include in his modelled form and which must be done while the skin is being applied to the mannikin. Chief among these were the sheath-like ears of deer and antelope, The completed mount. Sote life-like expres sion of the ears which have a thin underlying cartilage between the inner and outer layers of skin. ' Formerly these cartilages were simply allowed to dry in the ears, holding their shape as best they could, and due to their tendency to shrink and Arrive], the results were not very satisfactory. Today the cartilages are removed, much in the same manner as a hand is pulled from a glove, ex- * Stiff preparator, Dept, of Preparation and Exhibition,The American Museum oi Natural History. m COURTESY AMES. MUS. NAT. HIST. LIA25187 as the lead retains this shape; and should the ear of the finished specimen be accidentally hit, it will not break or crack as in the old method when the dry cartilage was left in but instead, will, with the tanned skin and lead insert, merely bend and can More Lead-Calked Joints a Century Old readily be straightened back to normal with the fingers--no damage resulting. White Lead Protection F only one or two isolated cases of lead-calked I joints in cast iron water mains that had served with integrity for a hundred years or more were known, they might be considered as exceptional ex amples of service. But recently in a number of cities old mains have been opened up for inspection and for Oil Well Casings many examples of century old lead joints now exist. The photograph shows a section of 10-inch cast iron main in New York City laid between 1830 and ANY years ago the casing of a certain oil well 1840. This bell and spigot pipe was joined with M in Pennsylvania began to leak after several the usual lead joint, lead poured in hot. and calked. years in use. When the casing was pulled up it wasThis main is in Hast Broadway, close to a street found to be perforated with holes at the level of a seam of soft coal through which it passed, but where the maker's name was branded on the pipe in white lead the letters stood out in bold relief. It was con cluded that the sulphur, which had so adversely affected the pipe, had no appreciably bad effect on white lead as sulphur gases form insoluble com car track, where it must have been subjected to con siderable vibration. It extends for about threequarters of a mile. Yet these joints have success fully passed a century-long test, and lead is the only jointing material that can show such a record. Leaded joints owe their permanence to the natural durability of lead and to the fact that lead is soft pounds with lead. As a result a new string of pipe was given several coats of white lead paint and lowered carefully into place to avoid injury to the paint. This was not difficult as the walls of the hole stood up well and careful handling kept them from scraping off the paint. A rope twister instead of pipe tongs was used to screw the casing together without injury to the white lead. W. R. Osborne, a driller of forty years' experience, who reports this incident believes that the casing is still in operation. He thinks it an idea that might prove of practical value to others. This is a reminder of the way in which the value of a baked red lead priming coat on underground oil and gas lines was discovered. When an oil com pany took up some sections of badly corroded pipe it noticed that numbers painted on the pipe with red lead had preserved the metal underneath. Upon COURTESY V. S. PIPE & FOUNDRY CO. investigation it was learned that the numbers were painted on while the pipe was still hot. This led to Century old cast-iron pipe and leaded joints, Sen York City the use by this company of a red lead priming coat baked on the pipe at about 300 F. The priming coat is applied in the shop where con ditions are favorable for easy application. It maybe followed by a finishing coat of any of the bitumi nous materials commercially used for pipe line pro and pliable, allowing movement in the joints caused by settling without cracking them. Likewise flexible lead joints remove the danger of excessive strains resulting from subsidence being placed upon the pipe itself, and thus lead joints actually aid in the tection. longevity of the pipe. LIA25188 Some Possibilities of Leaded Glass HE medieval glazier who first con Tceived of a lead strip and colored pieces of glass as companionable elements In his "Monk Illuminating a Manu script'' we have a refreshing example of free leading; charming in its "old world" in shaping a translucent colored picture, picturesque and decorative ensemble and gave birth to an art that beautified the most appropriate for the library window. medieval cathedral and later adorned the In the "Caravel" window a different mansions of the nobility and merchant method is used. Sheet lead forms the princes. Today the old time art of leaded principal decorative motif, the pattern of and stained glass flourishes with renewed the ships being cut out of the sheet lead vigor under the impulse of a brilliant in silhouette and the surface hand-tooled revival in architecture, adding new to create a repousse finish. This method beauty to the American home and office has been used with excellent artistic effect building. The discerning architect and in the areas of stair hall windows. his client may encourage the same noble, "Faun Playing a Harp," originally de sincere craftsmanship that gave the win signed for the Musical Arts Building in dows of the middle ages their romantic Philadelphia, presents a further develop and imperishable charm. ment in silhouette lead motifs with in Readily flexible and almost instanta teresting surface modelling produced by neously reactive to the soldering iron of the soldering iron alone, an example of the craftsman, lead invites innumerable lead glazing in which each strip of lead delightful excursions in the artistic play is a line drawing indispensable to the of the imagination. We often find the design. designer of ecclesiastical windows between In the accompanying reproduction of times shaping intimate personal motifs a fragment of the chancel window of and using them as inserts in the windows St. Paul's Church. Chestnut Hill, extra of a library, music room, stair hall or wide leads were used to define the medal even in a nursery, where little Red Rid ing Hood or old Mother Hubbard can find a congenial resting place among the lead lines of a window as well as Portion of chancel win dow, St. Paul's Church, Chestnut Hill, Pa. lions and the outlines of the figures as well, and these heavy lead lines of the window were gilded with gold leaf. The window really performs a double duty. in the printed pages of a story book. During the day its rich colors dominate The scope and variety of subjects is almost un the chancel, while at night the lights of the interior limited and artists like reflect from its pattern Nicola D'Ascenzo of of gilded lead, creating the D'Ascenzo Studios a harmony of decora have gladly availed tion between the rere- themselves of the op dos and the window, portunity to use the which would remain fluent and supple lead under ordinary condi line for artistic effects. tions black. A residential library window, "Monk Illu minating a Manu script" "Faun Playing a Harp," door panel. Musical Arts Building, Philadelphia [6] "Caravel" window in a residence at Merton, Pa. LIA25189 Conveying Salt Water in Hard Lead Pipe HERE is a growing Ttrend among municipal ities and educational insti printed in Lead, March, 1931. Lead, both antimonial and soft, stood well tutions to erect aquariums ahead of all common pipe of their own where students materials in resistance to and local residents may salt water corrosion in these have opportunities to study tests and was surpassed not only the marine life of only by two much more the neighboring area but of expensive metals. the entire world. As a re sult a number of fine aqua Sage Hall, Wellesley College, which houses the aquarium Therefore, all the salt water in the Wellesley riums and marine laboratories have been constructed Aquarium is handled in lead pipes, pumps and in recent years which include the great Shedd Aqua valves. The method is well illustrated in the accom rium in Chicago (Lead. Nov., 1930). the Wood's panying photographs. Salt water is pumped from Hole Oceanographic Laboratory at Wood's 1 lole. a reservoir by hard lead pumps, its flow controlled COURTE 5Y O. C, KELLEY k CO. COURTESY O. G. SELLEY * CO. Salt water reservoir with hard lead pumps, pipes and valves Salt water heating units constructed of 8 inch steel pipe with homogeneous lead linings Mass., and the Scripps Oceano COURTESY O. G. KELLEY k CO. by hard lead valves, and it is graphic Laboratory at La Jolla, transported in 8 per cent anti- Calif. Now Wellesley College, monial lead pipe. This pipe is at Wellesley, Mass., has com self-supporting on 5 foot cen pleted one of the newest and ters. The salt water passes most up to date. through three electrically con Lead must of necessity play trolled heating units to regulate an important part in equipping its temperature. They are com these aquariums. Fish from the posed of 8 inch steel pipes with ocean must have uncontami nated salt water in which to homogeneous lead linings. At the exhibition tanks a by-pass live and salt water is highly system is provided so that corrosive to most pipe materi als. Not so to lead, however, a fact known for sears and re cently corroborated by impar tial tests reported in a paper of the Institute of Metals. London, a brief summary of which was Lead supply and return system on front of exhibition tank either fresh or salt water may be fed to each tank. Tanks are pre-cast concrete and the lead joints are made with two com panion flanges packed in glyc erine and litharge. Again hard lead valves control the flow at LIA2519C 4 the tanks. The supply enters the tanks at the top and sea water is withdrawn from a lower level. Salt water for this aquarium was brought by tank car from the ocean at Cape Cod. thirty-six miles away. All the lead-work was done by O. G. Kelley & Co., of Everett. Mass., and New York. Metallic Packing for Automobile Water Pumps RECENTLY developed metallic packing, con A sisting of lead alloy tubing with a core of flax, graphite and oil. has been found by automotive engineers to be an excellent packing for automobile water pumps. It is made in several sizes. The packing is very simply installed by wrapping it about the pump shaft, in two layers if necessary, and then tightening the stuffing box nut hard. In this way a leak-proof bearing is formed, which will not score the pump shaft and which requires practi Factory type metallic packing units. Smaller is for Chevrolet and larger was developed for Packard cally no attention thereafter. A split ring type of this packing is a;Xo supplied for use by motorists should leaks develop on the road. The rings are merely slipped in on top of whatever kind of pack ing is already there, and repair the trouble until such time as the entire stuffing box can be repacked conveniently. tion due to temperature variations. This type of packing forces its way into irregularities in scored shafts and forms a metallic bearing at points usually occupied by water and mushy particles of flax. The Kansas City Smelting Company of Kansas City. Mo., is the manufacturer of the packing illustrated. Factory type units are also illustrated. These units are made of the same material that is supplied to the automobile replacement trade but are pre formed to fit the stuffing box so that they may be Publications Available From the Lead Industries Association used on the assembly line. The twin unit is used on the Chevrolet and the larger unit was developed The following publications may be obtained from the Lead Industries Association upon request: for the Packard. This metallic packing, being composed of lead, is unaffected by the action of anti-freeze mixtures. The USEFUL INFORMATION ABOUT LEAD--104 pp., cloth bound--contains complete information on lead and its uses, with extensive tables of properties and chapters on lead alloys, lead compounds, lead mining and smelting, and history oi lead. 50 cents postpaid. resilient core takes care of expansion and contrac- LEAD PIPE--24 pp. brochure--contains complete data on lead pipe, with tables of new standard sizes and weights recently adopted, suggestions and precautions for the proper use of lead pipe, and brief descriptions of methods of manufacture and history of lead pipe. No charge. SHEET LEAD WELDING PROCEDURE--4 pp. reprint- practical discussion with illustrations of various types of welded or "burned'' joints. No charge. SHEET LEAD SHIELDING X-RAY ROOMS--4 pp reprint- practical discussion with drawings and illustrations of methods of lining X-Ray rooms with lead. No charge. 400 SHEET LEAD SPANDRELS--2 pp reprint--detailed de scription. with drawings, of method used to install hard lead spandrels on Downtown Athletic Club Building, New York. No charge. BRITISH TESTS DEMONSTRATE LEAD'S SUPERIOR DURABILITY--l p. reprint--tabulated results of rests con ducted in England and reported in a paper of the Institute of Metals. London, showing relative corrodibilitv of various com mon metals under atmospheric and also under sea water exposure. No charge. LEAD--Back numbers can be obtained in so lar as supplies are available. No charge. Metallic packing as supplied for garage mechanics' tool kits Please make 'equests on business letterheads. The Lead Industries Association invites inquiries on any subject relating to lead and fwill be glad to cooperate without obligation in the solution of your lead problems. LIA25191 ISON SQUAfcE HESS