Document 7RLNG8xzDKqE2L802dKYG758B

BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY [jlw ^ a pgrsux^ . . . and to be sure it's a gift of true quality--a brush with the finest bristles--look for the label "Bristled with Du Pont `Tynex' nylon." These stay-lively bristles are easier to clean--do not get limp or soggy, even when sterilized--and never absorb odors. And, when brushes are bristled with "Tynex", you can be sure your gilt will last. Here are sortie of the many fine brushes Pbristled with DuPont Willi Why not select one for someone onyour Christmas list OWENS "Patrician" Brush. Raymond Loewy Associates designed tills sparkling masterpiece. New, longer, nut ttral-grlp handle of Lucira acrylic re,sin makes hruHhlng a pleasure. Has efficient fuu-llure shape--$2.GO. MOHAWK original de luxe Half Round Ladies' Hair Brush, In clear, blue and pink with extra-long, stiff, white Krlmpt Ty n h x nylon bristles ... a perfectly wonderful aid for milady's crowning glory ! SgggpP^ "HOWARD" Littlo Traveler Style K-41. Black handle of Lu c t t k --bristled with Du font. Ty n h x nylon -crimped for better hair brushing, (lift-packaged In simulated leather box. TEK-HUGHES Single Military Flex-Action Brush and Comb Set. I' inest, durable Du I`out Ty n k x bristles in Lucira. ('lift-packaged. Crystal, Mock Tortoise--$5.00. BETTER Magnetic Twin Hair Brush. Long, uneven, trim, white Ty n k x nylon bristles. Magnetic (lualitles remove loose dandruff and (lust! Brush slides apurt to form two hair brushes. Bristled with Du Pont nylon which has earned this seal, /v Guaranteed by , JV Good Housekeeping timtm 'TYNEX" in the rcoMcrvd trademark for l>u Pont nplon hrlatlc, STANLEY "Lifetime" Clothes Brush. Curved to lit your shoulders, to llip out dusl and lint with each easy stroke. Carries a 25-year guarantee. Available through Stanley dealers at the famous Stanley Hostess Hurtles. BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY if MAI'I# VOLUME SO wytiitill is Twenty-live years ago HViiihe!u pr;liui.s wav mil nearly su well established as they are today. .Many considered (hem pom- suastilull's for natural materials. The ward erstd;-, which was to gain currency a few yearn later, conveyed the I o w <> pin! o n most. people had of' these chemi cal pretenders. Today all !. h at. li r. s changed. JM <> longer thoughi of as h u hut i- l.tiies, synt.liel ics arc* weleomed bv and large. for what t hey are: brand new materials with new potentialities for service to man. One of the man-made materials that, helped work this change is Du Pont neo prene, which bounced onstage just. `25 years ago as flic country's first, general purpose syiil.liel.it: rubber. Neoprene has been sold from t lie beginning as an elastomer Ilia I does certain things natural rubber cannot do. Its success has been part, of t lu* process that, bus earned the .synthetics their respectability. Vince Hoffman's cover art shows some ofthe finished products in which the I )u Pont, rubber has won laurels over f he past quartercentury. A word picture of neoprene's 2f> years of growth makes up our lead arliele. OUR FIRST FICTION It. h taken us -13 years to get around to it, but the deed is finally done. We're pub Hailing a piece of fiction. It's a Christmas story, one that appeared orignta.lv in ,We( Vd/'s and lias been adapted for TV showing mi I hi I*,ini Thaslvi Christ mas night. \ ou II tied it. beginning on page 2H, and we (tope you'll agree ihai if. was worth setting a precedent, tor. (j'uesl'um ; What bap pens to 1 be in come from goods produced daring an 8-hour industrial work day? Answer: 1 i I akes sin average of nearly -i hours' production t.o pay for supplies and materials. 2 ltours and Jy iiihiuf.es to pay wages at id salaries, 43 minutes t.o pay taxi's. 2!) mimit.es tor repairs and replacements. M minutes lor research and less than 10 min utes to pay tin.1 owners their dividends. Income from the remaining time, less than !() minutes, is reinvested in the business. The chore of itaming clothes, eventually may be just a bad memory for housewives. Within ten years they will have 50 per cent, less ironing to do. according to a forecast from the Midwest. Research Institute in Kansas City. The researchers, says the Associated Press, base their estimate on an accelerating trend t<> wash-and-wear shirts, dresses and suits made with sy.nt.hetic fillers. Aiding the trend, they say, are washing maehmes de signed t.o handlti I best' wash-and-wear fab rics. New detergents atul fabric (hushes also can reduce wrinkling, they point out. This is an optimistic picture. It's likely, though, that Mother will still find enough to keep her busy. Modern clothes may be easier t.o handle, but the kids who wear them haven't changed. 2 I u k mf mh h i; k u u h k k c. T.naii'iNii in1 w it h "I.s t h h " 8 C.'min i;; h k it k u I'wrnnv f r o m k i ic i k 9 TliiiSt:; PAFKR PROFITS Alt K I! KAt. SU 1 b. !Fi fY KSSH IT.'ONOMII.: KOKP- C AM' Pills. i;s PitKC isi o n MArmxi.Ni; o i"Tiin.oN" 14 Fit f o r a s ih 'r t in v , f if e "iS'lvroiia n " eiir'.sFS urn-: k m-: MOLL* It* lii.K.ii'iiFD o u t n o t ni.ovi) 18 OPERATION liAl NROW 20 SAFETY IN SHADOW:! 22 Bo u n d t o s p e a r w k i.io j c y o u r Co m c a n y 24 lh IA RMAOEl T'li'.A i ,H. NKW fiiO.VT! Fit f o i; AFiaiso;.:-. 2<i Fa s t ' a c i-: in i*a c k a <; i; n I'KOiHio;.; 28 Tu n or: You n o Kin o w lit PuK.OKIiS W l 111 A COMMON UONIA Ivl Til AT ait; HOOK AT Hit LAKH:. Bruit ilt> Ny l o n nini' 'ni{us uwv s a v e YOU MONEY 88 Fe k iu n o t imi-: f o r r j e s e it 82 Wh a t 's n t:\v PHOTO CREDITS Vui'i- il, bnll.ma: cutulc.-iy Wit -1 Fh-rfrip i Wp,; l 'iiji'' D. lAHirH-i- v I'np.'MT.ii t 4 I 1 | I-(H|' is-sy iSrrfji`Hb, IU(siiu,sf~ 11 Mark `"*1 .o' pkoln 1; 11'. Itt|j fut!rh*> I'uHiiiitH' I'n.; I'ltpv IHtmrl 10: i'hh'Jiv.v l Hiwr H. i 'fiitrsuM & Son, liK1.: I'.tj;.' !!L Uij: etitinp p v T.W Jt>f lli'pkiit* dlu^i.'cin': PtiRt' ii.'i, hniloiti: cimrlcKV U.K. Kubkn.T l 'ujtijKiii.Y. CHANGE OF ADDRESS To tnsutv t'ps t'ivIts* vtn.r iH'd t v ]y. M*ml your mnv address pix>mp5ly 1>-. Kditur, Hu \\m( Wihuing.on 98, Del, Sond nl<l nililrp.'!:; with t Ik - now, 0:10 osirto 11' inv*:4UJ.' yo'ir :-;tiijri-ss , I'osl o IIu t 'n sy ill mu lof\V; l'< 1 lllii* Jtt.ipny.itH- utilttHs vuo |irm i.N` t'xl i:t jt>;a: . nouno\: T1. K KSTKN t'. 5 F. 1. t:ti 1^'tH tif Nt-sto !,:!- < % - Wiitnin.Jois I i.twhiT All rL hi:- t r-u'rv.-J. 'ntl liiHp.t -.in-'. ? p.m in 11u't--o ' r.s` 1>u r. su-isdsi.-ut hi .my furtu A h hush |M'ritl'"=ir.n i > *.s ; il rij'. iron ills- I'rissli'.i n. I'. 9, A -1 sign tjirtitiI emit I in ehontira! history irs the Ifiiiiirhing 2,5 years ago of neoprene, the first eommereial mutt-made ruhiter %f`1E,AI}r'T7 S AAi-TjJ3OCT*i'Th? . . ... ... . If you are old enough to eat your cereal for the cereal, not the prizes, you remember rubber as a mixed Messing. You remember garden hoses wearing more bandages than a race horse's tegs. You remember sports shoes with crepe soles that grew flatter and wider on hot pavements until, toward the end of summer, you were walking around on a pair of large, thin flapjacks. Such annoyances, so far as thoughtful buyers were concerned, started to fade away just 25 years ago. It was then, in 1931, that the Du Pont Company made its first public disclosure of the synthetic rubber, neoprene. Everything in this world--a business, a book, a bell -- starts as an idea. Neoprene began as a chemical idea, based on the knowledge that molecules of acetylene gas, under certain conditions, linked together. If these limited mole cules could be induced to polymerize properly, they might --- they. just.might--behave'.like. rubber..................................... 1 Chemists the world over, for years, had been trying to make artificial rubber. During the first World War the Germans had done It, producing a gooey something they called synthetic rubber. But, the known route to artificial rubber was beset with chemical reefs that indicated the need for taking another tack. The due came in 1926 in a paper on acetylene and its polymers by Dr. J. A. Niauwland of Notre Dame. Dr. E. K. Bolton, directing research for Du Pont, thought he detected in Nietiwlarfs report a chart for a new route to synthetic rubber. He put a small task force to work on the project. This group eventually included the father of nylon. Dr. Wallace H. Carothers, and Ms assistant, Dr. Arnold M. Collins. On April 10, 1930, Collins was purifying some Nisuw1 and-type products when he distilled a liquid that set up into a rubber-1 ike material. He and Carothers examined it, line! concluded .they..had...found.a..new..chemical..substance.. O. M. Hayden, then manager of the Company's rub ber laboratory, recorded the occasion with a meaningful note in a diary that he still keeps. It read: April 10. Dr. Collins isolated chloro- prone and observed its polymerization, Th search was over. It wasn't long before the new found baby, later called neoprene, was formed into a sheet, a Him, a ball. The sheet stretched, the film was pliable, the ball bounced. The new material was really elastic, some thing that couldn't be said of earlier, artificial rubbers. By 1931 Du Pont's little neoprene plant at Deepwater, N. J., which looked much like a small, crowded bakery, was "cooking" -sizable amounts of neoprene in shallow metal pans under ultraviolet lights. More often than not things went wrong. The condensers either leaked or froze. There was a serious fire. One production problem, after another had to be overcome. But samples were sent out to several companies interested in this new material that promised to beat rubber at its own game. Encouraged, the task force drew a deep breath, crossed their fingers and ordered a couple of 150-gallon, enamel-lined vats to replace the bread pans. They were in business--they hoped. Optimism wavered, however, when a serious problem cropped up. Factories accustomed to natural rubber were having difficulty in fabricating neoprene into gaskets, hose, belts and other rubber goods. There was just enough dif ference between the two materials to cause trouble. So Du Pont chemists--there were more of them at work, now --had to develop modifications of the new material, one after another, in an attempt to solve the manufacturing problems that began to appear. One problem proved to be universal. Neoprene was a wonderful new rubber, all right. It resisted oil and grease, it withstood sunlight and weathering as natural rubber never had done. But it stank. literally. As a matter of fact, it smelled to high heaven, Du Pont salesmen, lugging samples of neoprene to prospective customers, found fellow passengers in trains and buses starin at them in pain and moving far, far away. An automobile dealer, proudly taking Ms wife for a spin in a new car that had horn wires experimentally coated with neoprene, quarreled with the lady when she protested, "Charlea, this car reeks " Ho lifted tire hood and found a dead eat trapped behind the radiator, but the moral was plain: nothing in the world smelled worse than neoprene but a dead eat. BUT THE 01)01* Laboriously, the neoprene was traced back through its manufacture to locate the unpleasant odor. Its cause was found., finally, in an impurity. Production was altered and the impurity and odor vanished. ' Looking back on the early, harassing days, B, R, Bridgwater, now sales director of the Elastomers Division, recalls the discouragement. "Many- times we came close to calling it quits commercially and sending neoprene back to the laboratory," he says. "What prevented it was some thing unique in American industry. Almost all the-men in our management war technically trained and, as chemists and engineers, they understood what we were trying to accomplish. They were willing to take a calculated risk that we would win through in the end." It was patient money that Du Font management was spending, for 15 years slipped by before neoprene'returned a single dollar of profit to the Company, Nevertheless, -development.went- -o il - In..1940-Hayden.recorded-in -his Moment of nro]irrtttfs di senvery looked like this, lit. Canillters examines polymer of new s bbslini.ee made by Dr. Collins nl lackson Laboratory, April 111, 19S, diary, which had thickened by then to took size: January. Reduced price of Type GN neoprene to 65 colitis ei pound. Failures went on, as well: June 28. Explosion and fire. Trouble was in the separator in No. 5 cell. ' But successes outnumbered failures, and in the spring of 1941 the Company started construction of a full-scale plant at Louisville, Ky. ' Then World War II intervened. The Government asked Du Pont to sell it the new plant at cost: to expand it fourfold, sixfold, For the next seven, years the Company operated the efficient new plant for the Government, a plant that could make and sell neoprene at prices the Company's own, older plant could not meat. Neoprene did yeoman service in the war, serving the armed forces in a thousand ways. The enemy had nothing to compare with it. But It almost seemed that Du Font's synthetic rubber, like the Egypt of the Bible story, was doomed to seven- year cycles of drought. It hud taken seven years of experi mentation and development to produce-neoprene commer cially. Seven war and post-war years without profit represented seven more years in which experimentation and development had to be pursued on faith alone. Meanwhile, however, something new was added. The public, consumers as well as manufacturers, had learned by experience how good the new material was, V. A. Cosier, sales promotion manager for neoprene, tells-a'Story-on-himself"Whtd\"illu9trtttes'"Uiis;-'^Hirtiy after - 3 indicated neoprene, . to severe weathering, would last wire manu facturer guffawed: "Come up on our roof, and we'll show you how good your own product is. We've got samples that change in them." A steel company called in to say: "We've ad neoprene-jacketed cables underground since 1935." Americana were teaming at firsthand that neoprene could put an end to a hundred and one petty annoyances. f "ew P"P hoses once covered that neoprene household gloves didn't go to pieces in soapy, greasy dishwater. Neoprene-soled work shoes were saving workmen money: the shoe industry began using neoprene cements, as well. Trawlermen and firemen were wearing neoprene protective suits. Oil drillers were saving costly time with neoprene hose and other drilling equipment. The printing industry learned that neoprene printing rolls lasted longer and reduced the danger of swift-spreading fire. The public, in other words, was finding uses for the new rubber that Du Pont had never dreamed of, and finding them one after another. "Our thinking," recalls Coaler, "had envisioned mar- IJrLOffLi-'ff'co?- W iIJtLfcAJJnL tn, fI PBbsliiBs +benlnl li/z'-Ht? l/U rUtlllltce <f1in11r1i* tjgrrlaKgdebflldQS WilLtliUrJ KUfcoS important, ft was the manufacturers of wire and cable who taught us that neoprene's most valuable quality was its almost unbelievable resistance to sunlight and weather ing. Almost overnight we found ourselves selling a large part of our neoprene output for use where weathering resistance was-important." ` SALKS 'FORECAST OVER MODEST From that day to this, Du Font's sales of neoprene have mounted year by year. In 1939, for example, the most optimistic prediction was that, with luck, the Compang might sell 40 million pounds a year. In 1956, neoprene's 25th anniversary, sales will be over 200 million pounds. A quarter of a century is a long time. The Du Pont years, grown, more stately of walk, grayer of hair. What they think of their child was summed up by E. R. Bridg water, long-time boss of the project. Leaning back in his swivel chair, hands behind lib head in characteristic pose, ha said thoughtfully, "Neoprene is a symbol of an industrial change that swept America in the 1930s, a realization that natural products silk, slid lac., camphor, rubber were mil. the end of our resources. but only (.In* beginning. Freed by this eo i lee pit. and by n belter knowledge of chemical structtires, scientists arc now able to seek ideal mal erial.s t hat |KjHHf'-ss exactly the right physical properties to do the work required of them. Neoprene has been a vaJuaole addition l.o our lives, true. Bui the iin|xji1anee of ils dis covery ties, lioI, in the material itself, but in file new ruiieei >1. it. bell ieil pioneer, "Twenty-five years ago We realized l.hol Nature had no monopoly on the making of polymers. Today the elierntciil ,ndlistry makes them, too, and makes them better. Tomorrow it. will make new and better ones, beyond the limit-; of our present thinking." Ill latex M l ihin. dipped giioil- at itiamitiichired ms smu11 -esslr tor lesiiip id in, fur the #in Pont phtxiic safer and more attractive. As one Cleveland businessman puts it. "A we! 1 lighted downtown, coupled with greater ease in getting in and out, ought to do a lot to offset, flu? urge to stay home in the suburbs." The new lights, formed from extruded sheets of "Lueite"', provide an ilium inn lion level almost, double that given by l.lie replaced incandescent fixtures. What's more, the shiiiter-resist a nee of "1 au ile'' oilers safety from van dalism and cuts down on the need for replacements. Cleveland city officials figure the fluorescent mills will save about $fi.0O() annually through lower .maintenance costs and reduced current requirements. Anyone who thinks of a funnel ax a black hole should travel between Baytown anti La Tolie, Texas, Nearly two miles of luminaires of "Lucile" pruvkle uniformly high light transmission that makes the tunnel a bright, spot. Additional reasons why "Lueite" shines in linnets: it doesn't discolor anti it V- practically impervious to t he effects of fumes and vapors likely to b-e preset:!.. Long a favorite for oflicc lighting fixtures. "Livitc" recertilv won acceptance in Lie headquarters of (lie Nat ional Association of Home Builders in Wuxolngl.tiii, 1). {', This eight-story, N2.5 .mi i ion Nat ional Housing (denier serves as a storehouse of knowledge on home building ami as a focal |K>int for major housing activities. Its rooms are illmviinatcd without glare or shadows with fixl tires of lhe clear Du Pont plastic. You may also find " Luciie" thro wing light, un sub jects as familiar as your post offtee, gas s'atioa or the highway on which you drive, liul the most obvious place bo look is ir: beck of votir automobile. Taillighi lenses of (he plastic mark one of its oldest light tttj; applications. (iomi.nji'i i>*iItT Protein from Cereal Foods ' It's accomplished ivilh essential amino acids, the building blocks of protein :Iew informed persons realize that, even with oar high .standard of living, many Americana don't eat enough good protein to provide their minimum needs for top physical condition. This is particularly true- of children, pregnant women and the aged. Nature is bountiful in supplying meat, milk and eggs with high quality protein that is rich in essential amino adds and theifore capableofmaintainingoptimum growth, health and resistance to disease. Because cereal grains con tain less of certain essential amino acids, however, they have a much lower protein value. In the ease of wheat, lysine is the amino acid in short supply, "Fortunately," Dr. N. W. Flodin, a Du Pont food chemist, reported to the American Association of Cereal Chemists, "it*s now feasible to build high quality protein value into bread and other cereal foods. This can best be clone by fortifying the cereal foods with essential amino acids, such as lysine." This amino acid, being introduced in limited quantities by Du Pout's EleetroeheinicalB Dept., is sold to bakers and cereal manufacturers, as well as to the pharmaceutical industry for use as a dietary supplement. "Surveys of our eating habits clearly indicate that cereal foods are the logical, choice to carry more and better protein to the people," Dr, Flodin said. For instance, it's a national habit to eat light meals and snacks based mainly . on ...cereal ..foods^-the..beverage ...and' "toast' breakfast,..-the. coffee break with doughnuts or pastry, the jelly sandwich break of the school child or the munching of sugar-coated cereals or cookies. Another aspect of the protein deficiency problem is our trend toward lower calorie intakes. Because machines do more of our heavy work, we don't have to work as hard. To keep down our weight, we don't eat as much. In turn, this., often cuts down on the amount of essential protein, we eat. On the other hand, many of us today are eating more luxury foods. While these are calorie-rich, they are fre quently protein-poor. ' "UNIQUELY SUITED" FOR FORTIFICATION "To summarize, it is believed the basic purpose of fortification with amino acids such as lysine should be to improve the protein value of staple foods," Dr, Flodin added. There Is a need for more high efficiency protein not only in many foreign areas, but also in the United States, where inadequate protein nutrition is common among children, adolescents, pregnant women, the chron ically ill, and the aged. Because of American eating habits, cereal foods are uniquely suited to bring more high quality protein to the individuals who need it. This can be done In two ways; by adding more good protein, such as milk solids, to cereal foods, and by building higher value into the cerealproteuvitaelf with-pure anuno-acidsi' such as 'lysine."' 1 11r >o i h vr i }Ti i (11 'ill' r< "i I -I- fcX L4, K/JL |X JL JL _l. l-'kJ CXX J, l,;ilJL Pittsburgh boasts a block-long plant where 500 employes on three shifts work all year long to produce the beautiful stuff that will clutter America's living room floors Christmas morning, This clutter was one of the reasons Joe Katz decided after World War II to lead his Papercraft Corp. into the gift wrap business. He was intrigued by the fact that Christmas night would see his products and those of Ms competitors burning in fireplaces or being stuffed into trash cans, Katz, Paparcraft's president, plunged into the gift wrap trade in 1945 with a healthy bank account, built up during the war through sales of a GI stationery kit. Despite a sputtering start, Kate says, Papercraft ranks today as the largest exclusive manufacturer of gift wrappings. Its products are sold under the Itayerest label. Kate pins much of Mb company's success on aggressive merchandising. He realized early that the best products can fail miserably if not dressed right, and specialists were hired to make each gift wrap package sell itself. Among the merchandising innovations was an overwrap of cellophane to glamorize the product and eliminate the fingermarks that had long plagued retailers. For ten years now, thousands of pounds of Du Pont cellophane have been used every year on millions of Kaycrest items. Most of the cellophane reaches Papercraft!s factory in rolls for use on automatic machinery. The film is fed to four-color gravure and flexographic presses for imprinting before going to automatic equipment that either makes it into bags or overwraps gift wrap paper and foil. When Papercraft launched 'its foil paper wrap in 1949, if allied on Du Pont for technical help with coating and decorating formulas. Many of the formulas developed seven years ago are still used fay the firm's color matchers. The soaring popularity of foil gift wraps means that more Du Pont dye* and 'lacquers than ever before will be gulped this year by hungry batteries of Kaycrest printing presses. Many of the ideas for products and production techniques come from European paper centers which Joe Katz and his staff visit at least once a year. Inspiration, cornea from other sources, too. . Last summer, for example, Katz met with top European fashion de signers. "I watch changing fashions closely," he explains. "Design and color trends in clothes are carried over into our gift wrappings." Christmas 1856 ia almost forgotton at Papercraft. Gift wrappings for 1957 are now being sold, designs for paper, seals, tags and ribbons for 1858 have been completed, and freelance artiste in America and Europe are submitting designs for the wrappings you'll set* on store counters in 1958. Rolls of foil iwe wrappeel with lln Pout cellophene for protection. ft?-- MMWi .* s- V Vs The business eeoiMiinirt, soys tSltis, I* un interpreter raid adviser, mil normally a policymaker. 10 j ywt Today more and more economists are practicing their science business, and those in business are members of the fastest growing branch of ike family. What do they do for their employers? What are some of the problems currently concerning them? Hem arm the answers of Ira T, Ellis, Dm Ponts chief eeonmnist >, while attending a conference of economists, I was confronted by one of my professional colleagues from a well known university campus, "Ah, Ellis," he said, "I've been wanting to talk with you. You work for the Da Pont Company, Tell me, just what does a captive economist do anyway?" There was a twinkle in Ms eye, of course, but there was no mistaking the seriousness underlying the question. The business economist--the one who uses economic theories, facts and figures to solve business problems--is still a relatively new phenomenon and, as such, excites the curiosity of Us more traditional colleagues. The question intimated that a business economist serves as a sort of court -minstrel to sing the songs of progress his employer wants to hear. All I can say is that songs like that would never make the hit parade with any businessman I know. In fact, the singer would soon find himself without an audience. A businessman has many questions he wants answered. Some pertain to Ms day-by day activities: How should Ms firm be financed? Where should he locate? Through what channels or outlets should he sell? What prices should he charge? These are specific T|MWUflWhllpWrvItlibJ Ifw/Vtl* tSVI*?3Ly HWltlHCsilUT-IWASQSCSs! f lor1on wl CSSsfifiifiilA11ii* - There are many .other questions, however, that have to do with the general atmos phere in which all business operates. How rapidly is personal income rising, for example? (Consumers purchase about two-thirds of the goods and services produced in the country,} p"'1: Y-g . KneiTifuse wcmcr rvr YnlKyieF1? Awi invip>nfrti"irei KitrTi rv* tWha# le Jti9 U W^xItJfijS? d-DA V J- tyf vi Telliil.ig * Yiifc. 11 i Y C<11 i/KJi .Kj O lllftjil Ml 1UW e ff iWt ito 11ttji it IHi-Ltrx taxes, interest rates, prices? These are broad .questions, but they are important because they determine the course of each and every business. Yet businessmen have little direct control over these outside conditions. These are the .problems on which an economist concentrates. In studying them, lie has three objectives: (1) to understand and explain these external conditions; (2) to forecast probable changes; and (3) to point out the meaning of these ' changes for specific industries or companies. As an illustration, many businessmen are particularly concerned today about the rate of interest they must pay to borrow money and the signs of renewed Inflation- they see. They want to know why interest rates are so Ugh and why industrial prices are still rising, 11. years after World War II. In the past, serious commodity price declines have occurred within a few years after the end of major wars. The basic cause of high interest rates today is that the demand for savings is greater than the supply. The demand for funis lias been rising rapidly in the past two yaw, first from consumers to finance the purchase of homes and ears, and now from businessmen H to finance plant expansion and equipment purchases. Demand from state and local :v.:: governments is also rising, largely `to finance construction of schools and roads. Since mm tire available supply of new sayings hasn't expanded fast enough to meet these upsurges HB in demand, the cost of borrowing has risen. This rise has been a clear example of the price-determining operation of a free market. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System could ease the present credit pinch by-increasing the reserves of commercial banks, or reducing the required 11 reserve to permit them. wr*e1.1n prooj uxi0o- tioii in the country at near-capacity levels, a substantial addition to our money supply would be, in my opinion, a powerful influence in bidding up prioea- A repetition of the post-World War II inflationary siAral which had Its roots In! the expanded money supply tha occurred durmg the war, could taka place. It is tills fear of rising prices that restrains the monetary au thoridea today and explains why they have permitted In teraat rates to rise, They are attempting to keep the comnli y*fci iJniixvmesabt-muicRmnft IdtS? dU-JiAaVtJU t/U ,1L| DC4I.I*U JLtXIA2. The trend of interest rates--the prlc e of borrowing .money--obviously is Important to all rush why I devoted more than half of a rec ent monthly report to Dll Pont management to an analysis of the origins and implications of this facet of our economic life. Commodity prices are rising today, too, either because costs are increasing or because the demand for certain goods and services is greater than the supply. In some areas, of course, both causes are operating. Wide spread attempts to expand production capacity are help ing to cause the tightness of credit, discussed in the para graphs above. Economists sometimes find that the trend of business activity is likely to be downward, and 1963, because of lowered inventories or less capital expenditures. Knowing what causes such declines will help to determine their probable extent and severity. Although the long-term trend of business activity in the United States is upward, growth, will not necessarily be smooth from year to year. Periods of decline will alternate with periods of advance, and business plans must be made accordugly. Fortunately, the magnitudes of fausiness dedines since World War II have been relatively moderate. In forecasting business changes, the economist has no reliable crystal ball or confidential sources of information. ,t make a close study of the statistics of production. invento ries, prices, wages, employment, income, spending, saving, investment, and many other aspects of the Amerlean ec Hiomy, He must determine first what i i going on. an,.: : hin decide what the future may hold. T!i e economist's forecasts are based lies'rily on. an analyai 3 and projection of past trends, adjust ed for the eipetitecl effects of new factors he may antieipate. He studies history to see. what has happened and why, as a due to what present trends may suggest for the future. But this analysis must be tempered with judgment, be cause history never repeats itself exactly. In the short run, forecasts of the business cycle can lie made, hat for the long run, the forecast is usually restricted to the probable trend. At Du Pont, ns at most companies, the economist's office serves an Interpretive, advisory function. It is our primary job to serve as a lookout, to sweep the horizon ; for objects or signs of interest to the chemical industrv. ' We try to maintain an objective point of view and not let ourselves become too enmeshed in arguments for or against a particular Du Pont policy, Often, we find ourselves functioning as a tempering influence on the extremes of optimism or pessimism flint can assail management. I know (.lie joe we ere doing as ccmuimLsI.s in bt.ii ness is nil inteiv.il.iiig and challenging one. All of us . . , in quantity urns a job many called impossible. Alert processors are proving them wrong Imagine trying to machine to precise dimensions a material so sensitive that temperature changes cun cause parts made in Brooklyn to be oversize in Texas, ' ' This is only one of the many -problems Involved in machining tiny parts of "Teflon" tetrafiuoroethylene resin to .005 Inch tolerances--problems processors and fabricators of "Teflon" have had to lick. Because the Du Pont plastic; is flexible, small diameter stock wobbles during machining and must be supported. Their "memory" causes finished parts to contract slightly toward their pro-machined shape, and in hot weather the material may exhibit a slight surface flow when machined. Obviously, such drawbacks must be offset by applica tion advantages. In the ease of "Teflon", these plus values include toughness, outstanding low temperature properties and the ability to take continuous service up to SOOT. The plastic also is well known for its indifference to nearly all chemicals and for a coefficient of friction so low that in many applications no lubrication is required. These combined properties fit machined parts of .."Teflon" for.a number .of.careers ..no.other, material ..can.. undertake as effectively. Military uses--in electronic-com ponents of guided missiles, for example--currently take a large share of precision machined parts of `Teflon**, But civilian manufacturers of electronic and chemical equip ment also are important customers. A typical job Involves turning out accurate Inserts for electrical connectors lit the rate of 800 to 1,000 an hour. Some companies also machine parts of "Zytel" nylon resin, "Alathon" polyethylene resin and other plastics to customers' specifications. To handle "Teflon", however, they-have--had-to-develop--both--new--teolmiques-and--new.. equipment. Skilled machinists had to be retrained. Measur ing gauges, considered the finest for metal working, had to be discarded for more precise instruments. To insure rod stock of high quality for machining, several companies now extrude "Teflon" for use in their own plants as well ns for sale to outside concerns. With the growing trend toward miniaturization of equipment, . processors and fabricators of "Teflon" are expanding both research and prodaction facilities to meet the. new demaiid for thwe...precis.ipn. inactonecl parts............ Leather's defenses against u ' lull When Du Pont "Quilon" chrome complex was introduced a couple of years ago, one of its first jobs was in treating sheepskin suede. The treated suede's improved defense against damage by water and wear so im pressed Dn Pont researchers that they turned to this other end of the wear scale and subjected "Quilon" to a rough-and-tumble teat in leather for shoes. In these equally successful re- IiAIISV MttW ail liUllibJ VU |1C leather goods added rugged) w h s for the sporting life. The golfer at left exemplifies this. His golf bag, made by Henry Hotae is Sons Co., St. Louis, Mo., is made of leather that was processed with "Quilon". The bag repels water, re- staining. Slice the chemical perma nently lubricates the leather, the bag remains soft and supple, men after repeated Bankings in water. The golfer is also wearing shoes, gloves and jacket treated with "Quilon". The gloves are by Sanvile Gloves, Inc., Johnstown, N. Y. The shoes* manufacturer, Field "(IniInn* helps ihc fine leather in Ibis goiter' giiir rr-usl water penetration and remain *u|i|>l< "MVCOBAN"CHASES CHEESE MOLD f bee:;;*. I radii iouully a Kmopo.'iu laconic, in milsIm; ha.; sc111in as a sol staid irtl loud in the American diet. (lasting ali.jul for methods to hold 1.1iti upswing in popular ly, i*l ifH- muimloel Urol'S rerelif.ly ;i.r.l\t*fl for mid got. the ;.i ppros'ul of I In* 11. H. Food and Drug AdjnimHl.rat.inii l.o add sodium and calcium jimpiomu.c l.o processed cheese packaged as wedges and sli<x`s. Thus cheese joins bn ad as a food beiicliU-d by l Ik * mold inhibit lug propionates. tinder refrigeration, processed cheese normally slays mold up In two weeks: with out. refrigeration if begins l.o mold wiIliin three days. Tests .show (.hat ilie addition of Du I'mil "Myi'obati" sodiittn propionate more Ilian f riples t hese mold free periods. <'.hcese molds on iIs surface, along cracks nnci por tions exposed t.n air. lienee sliced cheese gives mold a large'* area (o work in. And while mole isn't harmful.. 14 Sporting Life 'inti italpr tlmmigv are sUi>nglh<`n<`tl by "Quiltin' and Mini. Co., Brockton, Mass., savs kite (tea tod leather's water tv-sistoncu iie'iw keep it. nwrit devil tie. What applies to the golf bag and shoes also applies to the sheepskin suede jacket, a product of Leather mode Sportswear, Inc,, New York City, A graphic illustration of the water resistance "Quilon" gives suede was supplied by a test in which a treated and untreated jacket were im mersed in water for several minutes. When they were taken out and weighed, it was found that the treated jacket had absorbed three pints less. Treatment during tanning with the chemical also makes suede more readily dry definable. Handled by a competent cleaner, the leather comes out with its texture unharmed and its color undimmed. Women's sportswear items, rang ing from car coats to hiking jackets, aw available in the treated leather, too. Potentially, the uses for leather protected by "Quilon" run the gamut of the industry--belts, watchstraps, footballs, hunting boots and uphol stery for sports cars--any leather item that's expected to put its best face forward and still be ready for the rigors of the sporting life. Woineii'H jackets, such as this Zero King from II. V, Harris M%. Co., St. Paul, Minn., arc treated with "Chiilnn", too. Siiwle car coat by Lcathemrade Sportswear, New York, ia good looking enough for town, durable enough for sports. in fact, it gives some natural cheeses their distinctive qualities--it does lend processed cheese an unwanted odor and flavor when it proceeds too far. Protection against the spores means that the flavor will remain constant longer. Satisfying the palate ia reason enough for the growth in popularity of cheese, but to -diet-conscious Americans there is another important reason. Cheese rivals two of nature's near-perfect foods--milk and honey--in. its pro tein, vitamin and mineral content. The addition of "Mycoban'* to cheese offers on other benefit to the consumer. With the longer mold-free period, .he..caii..iiow.stoek.a.va*iety-of.diBsa-BinMjltaneoiasly-......... iiiM p.Mi'f11"1..ilir ..........;r'" -j .'I-x MVV. mm* -**'& ' m m. I -- >,.'. : i ` ; i i. h : . > ? !(-. . .>:: ! > > * .: >:!. : i. .:.' > s-. Li. :: i t \. ..<* p. . ,r a ? . Dn*.r<*l fr'urnihtrv keeps up irilh the denial it? K AI! 1, VVKRf JIMi; -lust a lilllo bit of Detroit 1'ms j e in (,ruled Idle hill.s of western North Carolina. There. I Voxel h'uniil.ure < In. pur. sues l ho business of milking furnit.i>rewikh;i vigor commonly associated with colder dimes. ('raftsmen dill guide the work, but and: prochii'iior.-line techniques as a continuous lileHehiiig system hel|) move an unprecedented anioind of I'urniliire from factory to consumer. Jt wasn't always like Ural. Nut so long ago assembled Im 1 unfinished furniture took over practically Uie <>ritir:> Hour space ul I )re.\d's Marion The old ham! method of bleaching and moving' furniture in batches was too slow to keep ifp with mounting orders for nutumi-fiiiished wood. f)re:.-l engineers saw that, the lirsl. step in uncorking the bottleneck was moving the furniture off the Hour and into some type of line product ion. .Since this never had been ntten.plcd before, chemists at Du Pouf's Niagara calls research laboratories pitched in and did a little pre liminary chemical scouting'. Yes. they said, continuous hydrogen peroxide bleaching would work, but il. would (.nke a nia [or effort, to figure mil. time cycles and a mechanic,si system to (it those cycles. That was enough encouragement. Orders were piling up on a new design called Profile, and Drexal couldn't afford to wait for a more definitive judgment. The company _g--jtrnemmsrn. w- J ' -mal TBSmife ]NTo*ts BloimdL /or natnral-finished wood by instalUng a conveyor bleaching system plunged into the new process in the middle of-winter, proving it as they went along, and by spring the first pieces of Profile were moving along the new line. About 200 furniture carriers, hung from a continuous overhead conveyor 1,700 feet long, wound in and out on. three floors, "What we once did in 24 hours now is done in three," says a Drexel engineer. "What's more, we get a better finish because each piece receives the same handling. "Raw assembled furniture is put on the conveyor here and passes through that spray booth. The solution of hydrogen peroxide the operator is spraying on each piece really works fast. Let's stop over to the other side of the booth about 20 feet and take a look at that night stand he's spraying now. If will pass by us in two minutes since the conveyor travels at ten feet a minute. "Here it comes," continued the engineer. "It already has a definite bleached effect. Notice how the bleach not only.lightens and brightens the wood but also evens out the color. From here it will go upstairs into an oven, dry for 12 minutes at 140F. and then get a second bleaching. "After drying, it will move through that booth over there and be sprayed with a neutralizer to stop the bleach ing action. You see, hydrogen peroxide left in the wood shows up as trouble soon after a piece is finished. Either a general discoloration takes place or the finish gets loose and mars easily. We neutralize our furniture a second time to insure against that. "This is the end of the line. The furniture is swinging down from upstairs where it has been in an oven for 41 minutes. That step table being lifted off the carrier now is ready for final sanding and finishing." 1p1 TiTP ir*1u1 .Ml 5a1rif-1VLlr4i!P*J5i tj-AA1PWi Bleached furniture, especially that which closely ap proximates the wood's natural color after it's finished, continues to make steady gains. Twenty years ago almost nothing was hleached; today Drexel estimates a third of its production consists of bleached .si vies such as Profile, Blscayiie, Peasant Provincial and Compass. Styles like these have helped Drexel grow from meager beginnings as a small sash and blind mill to one of the largest furniture makers, employing some 2,600 persons in nine plants and doing about $30 million worth of business annually, . - The people at Drexel don't intend to stop here, though. The new continuous bleaching process is so success ful that they plan to install the same type of setup in another plant at Marganton, N. C. Eventually they hope to mechanize all their plants in the same way. ,. . 3 '-' hi;:,,.. 3 'X 3 '! :-XV:.| Ml) f s? if|||J|l it IH "'.lifuiy. A I$sf m; r-i r- .:TJi ' 5BC1 H . ..^ / i i ill ' iiiii't" in ........[ ' '... '.`.....- .......... ' :\ 1 ri ! I iw 3'-:- 111 ill rrv-y `.I, .. I .......... rT W: ! I i K..\i r; I ... '! h' l\'i.-ip... MNMfl Mj pBHMMHpl ...... .. V 1 BMBI B I ik- . A.. Tf V.:.. Ilf fls3-.;. ; f- TUv^ipgiM--I-- X \\ \\ jttittri; ,, i hi- : i'\ vv - JS- vi 1 'fe d . ' ' : ' :.y .......... Vv,;V:7;7.;/c;:.I, M. XI hi- ..;'vy:,:ywy-r^s-^ ................................................... ........ BMHK MM OPEMJITIO] ilmfii trhat l^ulf rails l hr rat r Oil Hi it banks of Philadelphia's Rrhuytl; ill River and oearltv Darby Creek. a paslel- eolorcd |)lim|. is blooming, 'File FOO-m*rn refinery of l.lio Golf Oil Clorp. a; getting a thorough rc:|;a-iil,iri|; job aimed a I, beauty as well as u( illty. Mrsf to get flic color treatment were < iutf's I wo bulls farms, known now as. "bulk parks.'' Twenty -nine of flu: huge storage* (..inks adjoining tlie refinery were (.ran:; formed with shades of pink, yellow ant! blue. Another if2 tank.*; close by at Sharon I till wen; painted pink, yellow and green. By next spring the refinery area, will have sprouted Hf> colored tanks. Soft pastels will preiloininui'e, all hough a i-ltisf.cr of smaller spherical {..-inks, for storing gases under pressure, wilt he; decked out in brilliant blue, green, eh artreuse, orange, and red. Three "Tiger failles" bear flie hold orange and blue of (Jiff itnd are topped with the Gulf emblem, visible clearly from the air. I'assengers fin the fidO flight*! t.hai. shuttle in and nut of near by I 'hiladelphia interna bona I Airport, daily have an excellent, view of fiw re finery . Ho do those in the 10.000 odd vehicles that daily use the Penrose Ave. Bridge and the Industrial Highway. Night travelers won't miss the colorful display either, since floodlights will be on the area from dusk until dawn. Arthur R. Cannon, president of Oliver B, Cannon & Son, Inc., Industrial paint ing specialists, evolved the color plan in eoliaboraf ion with I he refinery general manager, J.O. '1 limns. Cannon figures his men will invest two-;md-rt-half years and 15,000 gal Ions of paint in the project. More I linn 700 buildings, tanks and refin ing units an; involved. !)u Pouf. Is a major supplier of (lie finishes. The idea of a colored refinery was born several years ago in lunch fable din russioriH between Carawn and Timms. Ail early step was. ; uii nl ing, three of fin- re finery's largest storage tanks white. The tanks were cheeked peri fxl ien 11 y to determine how practical the projected Operation Rainbow would he. "Much a thing couldn't, have been considered without the new finishes that, start, to chalk within :i year anil thus begin to clean themselves," Cannon points oul. When the first banks passed their test. RAINBOW Gulf iii niitkin ;!i ' (`jitiiitlitt" project at its Philmlelpkiu rejint / v. Timms ami worked oti! a de tailed eolor plan. "Two t,hintis we didn'l waul- were a clivus appearance or a refinery t hat looked an if someone had walked from one piece of equipment. lo ante her dropping buckets of dilTerenl colored pa'ml,'' Timms say::. "The colors IiimI to harmonize." Cannon recalls sitting down with Du Pont Finishes Division color special ists and going through some 5,000 paint . chips to select Just the right pastel shades. "I spotted the pink 1 wanted, though, on a 1955 Cadillac," he says, "and that's the shade Du Pout supplied." Cannon, who this fall had 44 crews busy on industrial painting jobs, sees the Gulf project as the forerunner of others . similar in conception. "The fact that an industrial unit is utilitarian doesn't mean ' - it must be an eyesore," he says. A COMMUNITY ASSKT Certainly, the public relations value ' of an attractive: refinery is ft major reason for Operation Rainbow. "We felt that here was an opportunity to be a definite asset to the community and, at the same time, become part of Philadelphia's `new look,' " Timms explains. ' Operation Rainbow also has impor tant advantages for operation and main ' tenance, Timms points out. Self-cleaning paints, through weathering, will look . freshly painted as chalking progresses. The heat-reflectance of the light-colored - - - paint -is"-high,- too,- holding down.- tank evaporation loss. Gulf also has found that the light colors make for improved safety and more efficient housekeeping, since leaks or spill age are immediately noticed. Apparently as a result of the painting program, requi sitions for cleaning rags from the company storeroom have quadrupled. Summing up the reaction Gulf is ' looking- for is this comment from the employe with the longest service .record at-the Philadelphia refinery; "Well, it may - not look like a refinery anymore," he said, "but it sure looks pretty." . Fain ting ached ole required com pletin ;.............................. one-of-giant-storage.tanks--every.dm. Sa.: Vfc W shadows That* what the ttin n intItmiry/inds by sitfiijfci n 8'mil% pm-table **ro;r equipment jtn Stn Ctlirai aeject In air transport, safety is king. But it's a dimanding monarch, requiring costly, time-consuming napectioii a nd overhaul to keep equipment in shape. Recently many airlines have adoDted a teclinkluethat'fl giving them a quicker, cheaper and surercheck on elirwort iiness:' inspection with portable s-ray units that can s right through a plane's metal skin to ferret oat fatigue and 20 operational cracks in structural members. The x-ray picture also brings to light loose bits of metal that could cause serious damage if-left to roam freely within the plane's structure. What prompted the switch? Aviation Week reports that to inspect a DO-8 fuselage, one airline used to rip out the lavatory, fuselage lining and half the flooring. This 300 man-hour job is now clone in five hours by x-ray inspec tion, and done more thoroughly. Tear-apart checks of the tail assembly in a DC-4 or DC-6 cost about $15,000, while a nondestructive x-ray inspection comes to a fraction of that. The Maying is done either by the airline itself or by such independent firms as Industrial -ray, Inc., of New Hyde Farit, Long Island, Among Industrial's clients are Lockheed Air craft Service International, a ground mainte nance outfit, and such varied companies as LAV (Linea Aeropoatal Venezolana); New York Air ways, a helicopter line; and Flight Safety, Inc., an inspection service for the rapidly growing vXXutt_wiiI t1KMLfJvEn- Ortif IwXiXcTsrXmX oaaclULLxtlit* X - It AY S POTS 1LIJS1V E FLAW S Industrial X-ray finds that its see-through technique is best for wings, landing gear and stabilizers. Besides cutting Inspection costs, the VII1nLrt+lilTiCirHtr!l OX b^ll pCrofJl^LtvIXXioWiSGs fiielX-*XttxrcSa cdmllUrl -XfIaX-XlX-ijp^,rXnritt X*XIL4X that couldn't be found by other moans. Industrial's crews operate three mobile units, each carrying portable x-ray heads, cable 0sa.1*ritopl t,-oiitrytoa > n|iiintioe eni nprWowK'ee.wr (gfneniiacniHail'tAo^r si'rtrl Iw'llt!utliiwh---MTlti darkroom. To check the wing of a DC-3, a crew takes about 80 x-ray films. In making an expo sure, a sheet of Du Font industrial x-ray film, held in a flexible envelope or cassette, is placed behind the part to be examined. The x-ray tube is raised into position, normally outside the plane, unci a timed x-ray exposure is made. .........The crews carry their, own darkroom with them so that they can develop test shots as they go along. Average exposure is one minute, but fLKiltr?* wWMinJ{fjJf rIMvf as.XinX sIAnHr|-Jnildatlliba l*eis fLaarpwUiLwUlj an anfnsilW . no two exposures-are of the same duration. It takes plenty of experience, plus occasional trial state, to determine whether enough time is being allowed to get best results. ' In ground maintenance work, time is a precious commodity. Lockheed International, for instance, is paid not for the hours planes spend in the maintenance hangar, but for their horns m the air. Hence, if expects Industrial to complete the x-raying'expeditiously, w rind tfa JJu Pont -turn psrtit-ulurfy suitufal for tins on-location work because it comes on u strong'film base," reports George L, Becker, who's in charge of radiography for Industrial. mAs a result, the film is legs likely to tear and make retakes necessary/1 Du Pont film saves Industrial's time another way, according to Becker. Because- there's no interleaving paper to be removed from the sheets of 14 x 17-film when cassettes are loaded, extra motions are saved. -' "This film really pays offfor us, though,-when it comes to interpreting the radiographs," Becker says. "Accurate reading would be much more difficult If you had to worry about -whether you were looking at a tiny defect or merely the grain!.ws:-<,' the film." FILM'S UNIFORMITY VALUED Becker points out that a-crack around a rivet hole will often appear only as a thin lino, something an inexpe rienced eye would probably miss completely. "We have to. depend-on our film to be free of imp*, lections," lie says. "That's why we especially value the uniformity and lack of grain in Du Pont film," While safeguarding the lives of people in. the air, -Industrial also takes triple precautions for the welfare of its own men. The company ropes off an area extending 30 to 40 feet lii the direction the x-ray tube is aimed, iiim! then tests for radiation with a rate meter. In addition, each man wears both a pocket dosimeter and a film badge as further checks on the degree of radiation exposure. X-rny picture of wing reveals loose culler pin lluii might trfvnhlt*. fli*r for fn>TW'H?frr! f* to sunt Industrial X-ray radiographer (left) x-rayi airplane wing us n safety cheek while Du Pont man surveys area for radlallon with meter...... Willi llir litiiji ol Dii I \ml I look! lint ling nmU'rLiis. volumes ranging I rmn ratalo<i,s to a fmi|ianv lti~lor\ arc . . . Bound to speak well of your company m l ou iSK a tu d'.Kls Not too many years ago. urn- ul' Ilia ibin iter sheen of published American history dealt with lhe growth of business and industry. The reason (hi.; is no longer Inn: is childly Itocmise U. B. com names ihemselve; have begun 1 o examine ilioir pasts - or have them examined by othersand publish (lie resells. The Dim & LSradsm-ei library lists mure dia.i 1,200 lilies in Its current bibliography of company his lories. The snbjot.ls range from advertising, bunions.; and chemistrv to silv im', limber and welches- a emss seet.iim (hat. gives a gut it! look at business's role in 1 In: grow lit ol' the nation. Bee,-iu.se A mericau Indu'dric-s;tre eoiiipitrai ively ymiry, it's |H)ssihle to make detailed and comprehensive studies of their origin and growth. All hough some of the histories an; popular in style, there are more scholarly works that explain and inferprol. I In* many problems manufacturing, linaiM-ial and market titg.. i ha! companies have faced. Some ol theta* volumes art' researched and written by outsiders given access to company records. Others arc written by the company`s own people. Also part of inis broad held, sometimes referred lo as "book vertishui.'' art: educat ional books aimed ai a specific public. These include Mirad-ihe-scenes reviews of a companv or plant- operation, elaborate product informal ion hooks, and references on a commodity or industry prepared by an association or group. But company histories, ol'len published in conned ion with anniversary celebrations, are a signitii aiti. part of flic business bool; Held. Why does a company undertake such n pro jet'! and what does i( expect, hi gain? The answer was slated ra!her clearly by the presiden! of a large insurance company durng the preparal tmt of a coni onnial history: "We have in mind the use o>' such a hisforv in the indoctrination and training of fit Hire management people, agents and other employes.'' he said. "We beliese it sviI: be uselii also in reminding managt'ensil of I lie origin and reasons for policies of lorn* standing. We expect :.ito history io supply trtni eri.il sve can use in puhlic relni ions and ot fit in salt's protnui ion programs. We expect il t.-.i be of use to sladcnis. Finally, we hope ti will show the impact of' a particular linant'ial itist itttt ion tr.t the l.'il im and on lac region in v aieh if is located.'' liven a hasty glance al the array of com:isry hist cnes is evidence that, careful planning and the desire to publish a line hook did not begin ami end with the text. Many of i he volumes are so well jinnlctl. well hinmo and ai tract ivoiy illuslmtcd that appearance alone won:;! mark tlie books for permanent itw* ttsion in a collection. lit Fin IMF A (IKK IN I HiKUill S Bui corporal ini) histories also land In school and public libraries where the going is anythin; but. gent anr.d where- they work overtimo as the voice el'a eon winy I low to combine t ho need for jitiblie library toughness wit It the lies ire I'm- he,me !i hrary id tract iveni . '' j hi Font "PX;' clot h I ried and pru\ etl as a covering lor school books is one answer. Besides its ability (a take rough wear, ils appearance evokes pride. There are liner, and solid surfaces, and the color range is extensive " S' N, ''. a pyroxylin impregnated book cloth, is except ion; by recep tive io ink stamping and of! sal ot let ter [tress print "mg Printers like if Invasive it lies flai for lit hog ra phi ig. Allot her selection rriighi he "Fab'rikoid" pyrcxvlir coaled bookbici 11 tig' material This nta.eria) is lili'. Islla I iy resistant to sculling and abrasion, It's avail:tide in a variety cl'colors, grains and finishes ami. like "1*X" cloth, is Italli water-resist am anti eii'ariablc. Mil her of these materials is versa: lie enough to sel flic toiu> of c|iialhy lor a business \ chime that's hound so speak well of a company for years to come. Mime examples of hanl-emcred volume,-, that smo a business nir(Nse; eutalogs. proiliici iiifnrinalioii hooks. ->ni[i;iny Iiixiories inti a Imsim-sMiunf philosophy, Itimling i< important In appearum-c. "H *rT1 pL o 11`t 1O Ft*1S frontier Push-button packages offer a convenient way to apply medicinals--in measured amounts, if need be By PRANK ZUMBRO Which bothers you most--getting a small burn or having it treated? Cutting yourself or having the wound cleaned and dressed? Acquiring the sunburn or applying the balm you hope will ease It? An accident often happens so quickly we don't have time to think about it. But, long or short, the period between accident and treatment usually is worry time. Our imaginations picture a simple swabstick as a red-hot gouge or a hypodermic needle as the barrel of a tank gun. If you're with us, take heart. The pharmaceutical industry is taking a long and increasingly optimistic look at the push-button package that most of us have used to spray insecticides, paints or perfume. They see in the selfpowered dispenser a new way of not only reducing the pain of treatment but, more important, making the administra tion of medicine easier, more efficient and safer. Take a bum, for example. Applying antiseptic or salve with a swab and bandaging the area with gauze .and tape can be a pretty painful process. Contrast this with what may soon be standard procedure; the gentle spraying of a bum palliative, with no hands or swabs touching the sMn. This can be topped off with a plastic solution, again spray-applied, that dries to form a thin, protective bandage through which you can watch the healing. As in many aerosol products today, the pressurizing agent used hi each case will probably be Du Pont "Freon" propellent. But, aside from the ease of application and minimum irritation of treated areas, there are other reasons why the future looks so bright for push-button pharmaceuticals. Evan though the aerosol package may be higher priced than conventional packages, its efficiency often make* the aerosol preparation more economical. Since it's a gas-tight package, an aerosol protects the contents from contamina tion, preserves the potency of the active ingredients and prevents evaporation during periods of non-use. Aerosols ..also give, a .uniform, application, dry quickly, and offer a practical method of measuring dosage mechanically. nratitis, epinephrine or isoproterenol for relief from asthma, and octyl nitrite for the treatment of angina pectoris. In the asthma remedy, the aerosol principle has permitted such a sharp reduction in the size of atomizer equipment that the whole device, medicine included, fits in a plastic package a little bigger than a pack of cigarette*: About 40 pharmaceutical items packaged in aerosol containers are now -on the market, and one manufacturer predicts that more than 100 will soon be available in it wide list of drug types. Aerosol pharmaceuticals currently being marketed include such products as topical, or local, anesthetics for use in dentistry and for akin planing, spray bandages, burn sprays, athlete's foot remedies, poison Ivy sprays, adhesive ia, remover, and balm for application to the skin to minimize irritation of adhesive tape dressings. Topical aerosol anesthetics have been marketed for some time now, but topical antiseptics and antibiotics are stilt in their infancy as push-button products. Many manu facturers believe, however, that because of the ease and speed with which a spray product can be applied, anes thetics, antibiotics, and antiseptics for topical.applications ' may someday be converted largely to -aerosol packaging. Last year just short of a million and a half aerosol packages of medicinal and pharmaceutical items were turned out. With the many new products now being ushered onstage, total production should be even greater this year. CONTROLLED BOSAG 1 IMPORTANT This last advantage is more Important than it might first appear. It's' accomplished in the aerosol package through useofa metering valve that controls, independently of users' varying techniques, the amount of drug or medica ment discharged from the-container each time the valve is pressed. Where careful control of dosage is essential, the metering-valve aerosol promises to displace the traditional squeeze-bulb atomizer. The metering principle already has been applied to pharmaceuticals like hydrocortisone for treatment of der- MeteriBg.wilve aerosol gives measured dosage, Is ..expected Jo.lie ..widely..useful.iii.pltantiiieeitllcals.. umnrnjuuiiiurnr in. .....mmmuii FUST .w~...... -- ^ ,, p a c e in is set by supermarket chains in the Minneapolis in cellophane boasts sales and cuts waste. Consum By HERMAN C. KOCH MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINN, Minnesota's Twin Cities are known for their lakes, their hearty Scandinavian hospitality and their rivalry in mat ters of civic pride. Citizens of the Paul Bunyan country are accustomed to doing tilings Mg, The big supermarkets that have sprung tip In the Minneapolis-St. Paul area In the last few years are part of this tradition. These supermarkets are notable, too, for a pioneering step; They are among the first in the country to sell as much as 95 per cent of their fresh fruits and vegetables packaged in transparent films. For the consumer, such packaging, most of it with Du Pont cellophane, ends the last major bottleneck In self-service shopping. For the store, it means bigger and faster produce sales. But there are other reasons why such chains as Red Owl, National Tea Co., Super Valu Stores, Klein's, Cut Price Super Markets and Appleliaiiiii's Food Stores have gone over so completely to packaged produce, "Our customers feel more confident they're getting the best produce when it's packaged," says William Ogden of Red Owl. "Its cleanliness and uniformity are more appar ent in cellophane,*' This is particularly important to Red Owl because produce is displayed on the number one aisle in its new stores, where shoppers are more likely to buy it on impulse when they first enter. Klein's considers the produce department the showplace of its stores, says A. Mori Paymar, director of store operations. Increased sales of produce by the chain 1 llUilitlftpv, W-A<Afc AfTt3OcAKl iflriLiMJLfifoiri dnilnMr.l VfcStSdrKtAkAloitJefc.i tt<i fc* ewHilUrvVwVrJi-nii-cMr nItUri well in cellophane to Klein's customers, too. ^ _ Other supermarket operators In the IVin Cities agree on the benefits of packaged produce. Many stores in this area do 12 to 16 per cent of their total volume in the pro duce department. The national average is about 11 per cent. The fact that packaging of produce can cut spoilage and mark-downs to less thu n two per oen t-- halfthe national average--is another point given in its favor. As recently as ten years ago, only a small volume of produce was packaged before sale. This year it's estimated that nearly one-third of the 66 billion pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables U. S. consumers buy will be prepack- Buperntarliet operators can heave thankful sighs that mi ell il chaotic Beene exists only In the imaginative inlinls"of cartoon!sts Stillloy am!"Janice"ficreiui'tain. PACKAGED f* Ft CP U tr *mmmbm* mm jBMk, IB^P1 JBk jMh. JMBaa h, , IMIilk JMlK. *-- miia Ptai !*., too, because they save shopping time anti get. clean* aging is a heat scalability, the film--known as LSAD--offers grad uated moisture loss and keeps condensation to a minimum. Research teams in the Du Pont Film Dept, are working steadily to develop types of cellophane that meet the varied packaging requirements of particular products. PACKAGED PRODUCE CAINS POPULARITY What does the consumer think about packaged pro duce? A recent Du Pont study compares 1956 reactions of shoppers with results from a 1960 survey. A big change is the decrease in shoppers who prefer to buy loose produce. In 1950 half of the persons polled said they would rather buy in bulk. Today only one out of four prefers to do so. The major reason consumers give for favoring pack aged produce is that it's more convenient and saves shop ping and preparation time. But more than half of them also stress the greater cleanliness of packaged items, "I like knowing that no other shopper has pawed over my vegetables," is a typical comment. Final word on the subject comes from, the vice presi dent of one of the Twin Cities' large supermarket chains. ``Cellophane-packaged produce persuades customers to stop and examine. And, after all, that's what we really want. The quality of our produce will do the rest." -j.- h b w e pr es en t a condensation of "Three Young Kings" a tender Kory of Christmas in a Cuban town that will be dramatized cm the i)n Pouf Theater (ABC, Tuesday, 9:30 p.m., E.S.T.) Christmas night, its author h George S, Albee, who has written a number of radio rmnnrrciais and magazine articles for Du Pont, including the lead article 1,1 lias issue Among the millions of television viewers who will see " / lirer Young Kings" on Du Pont Theater, there will be some whose memories go back to the birth of the Du Pont Cavalcade of America prminim. The year 11935 was early in the hey-day of radio: A mos 'n Andy, Ben Btowie and Kale Smith were part of our daily lives when Cavalcade m America was introduced. Poetry and battel music had a place in the early Cavalcade, hut in the pattern finally evolved, stars of stage min vt ram brought to life the storks of men and women who had contributed m the nation's growth The program built a following that in its peak seintm numbered about nine million listeners. It earned the respect if critics ami a variety of awards. In Us 781 programs. Cavalcade reminded a whole genera non of Americans of their notional heritage and linked Du Pont w ii/i ihe country's growth In 1952 Du Pont launched Cavalcade of An it: nr a mi a national television network. In its new medium. Cavalcade's tnmunenlprograms gained new friends and aimed more awards for ext riinice. In 1955 the program was broadened to include stories of our own times This season the Du Pont Theater continues to tell stories of lilt/, But goodfiction has taken Us place beside them. Promising talent and e siat>ti.died stars are again appearing in the series One thing, however, has nut changed, and oldfriends of Cavalcade will recognize it: the emphasis is still on stories that delight, inspire and warm the hearts of viewers. Such is our Christmas program. We hope you enjoy it. TiP* "IT Jlfil S3:.?1'- fS"' :? :d h i town or Cardenas, a hundred miles to 1 the east of Havana on the north coast of Cuba, is an old clog--a small, taffy-colored clog that is learning new tricks. Three times a week, nowadays, a ferry.front Key West brings Cardenas a boatload of American tourists, and these Americans, all ofwhom have such white faces that fhey appear to have been sick, seem strange strut wondrous to the pcop!# of the town. Small toys follow them on the sidewalks anti, when they speak, race around in from in order to watch their lips form the mysterious, incomprehensible foreign words. As for the small:girls, they clap their hands over their mouths and giggle, for the American women often wear hats, and, as everybody knows, a tot is a garment worn solely by men, Bm this is (he story of something that took place in Catenas in the days before there. were tourists ora ferry, Al that lime the young men sat all clay on the iron rocking chairs in the park under the royal palms, talking ex citedly about the day when they would make vast fortunes. The shopkeepers opened at ten in the morning, strolled home at noon for heavy dinners of rice and black beans, took two-hour siestas and returned to their stores to play dominoes tintilsuppeniinc.The women mopped their white tile floors, cooked and gossiped. The children, when they bad fathers who could pay the tuition, went to school. The boys, in white shirts and neckties of soft blue that i the Virgin's own color, attended the Emtcla Flos. The girls, in blue pinafores with white stripes around the hems of the skirts, went to the Escueh tie las Madras Eseohpim, Which brings us to three boys of the Eu ueta Flax: Eduardo, Rumoncilo and Ltoaro, . . Eduardo .^..sixteen,, while Rampnc.iIp and.. Lizaro were i few months younger. They were the oldest boys tit the cokgm ttnei the biggest. In fact, Eduardo's nick name was Elephant. He had a flat, snub-nosed face and a cubical skull on which his hair looked like a coat of glossy Hack lacquer because he soaked it daily in scented brilliantine, Ramoncito was finely made, with a headful of tight little curls and eyelashes half an inch long over eyes the color of clear green seawater. Lazaret was the shortcst of the three, but that did not keep him from being flic heaviest. He ate three huge meals a day, treated himself to custard eclairs on the way to school and fresh cocoaitul tnacaroons on the way home, and devoted the recess periods 1 o eat Ing candy, R amend lo*s nickname was Monkey. Lazaret's wits Macaroon. . The fact that they happened to be the three , oldest students laid quite a few responsibilities on Eduardo,...Rani.ond.tp..and..Llmrp, When.. Copyright 1955 hy Oenrur Siimmr Atbmreprinted hr permit!tins /'M4CbII*s Msmsim 28 the school's 47 boys scrambled into the bus merely different names for the same thing. for the annual picnic at St, Michael of the With the school empty for the holidays, the Baths it was Eduardo, Ramoneito and Lttzaro playground seemed strange to Ihe boys when who served as monitors. And tit Christmas they met there late on the afternoon of the time, because they wore the oldest, it was fifth, a lonely square of red, grainy earth over their duly to piny the parts of the Three Kings which dry leaves skated. of Orient, They loaded the four pack mules one at a Jesus' birthday in Cuba is a day to go to time, with Eduardo carrying out the heavier church, not a clay for gifts. Gifts are distributed toys--the tricycles anti the miniature auto later, on the sixth of January, not by Santa mobiles--because he was the strongest. Lttatro Claus but by the Three Kings who carried gills arranging the boxes and parcels in accordance to the newlitrn Christ child in the manger at with his tnap and Ramondlo, who wits a Bethlehem. On the second of January, there passionate fisherman and good at tying knots, fore, Father Miguel called Eduardo, Rumon- filling the large burlap sacks that would serve cito anci Lazure into his office. as their saddlebags and lushing them to the "Seat thyselves," he directed them. Father Miguel, who was 82, was so frail that Iris white linen cassock appeared more mahogany paeksaddtes. With the mules load ed, the boys saddles! the three small, beautiful marcs, iiiiil then pm on their costumes. often than not to be unoccupied, There was very little of him still in residence on earth. He had a small, poetically modeled head and a voice, and that was about all. His voice, too, w h s fragile--a faint, musical buzz. like that made by a smstl I but energetic fly in the school room on a hot afternoon. "Children,** tic said, for ho was so aged that he could no longer perceive the difference between sixteen and six, "1 have done this many limes, but it is new to you, so 1 must explain the procedure of the Three Kings, Alt of the gifts your schoolmates will receive front their families and friends are upstairs in the janitor's room. The gifts for the girls are here as well; Mother Superior brought I hem over to me from Modem Eartlapim. i want you here two hours before dusk on Day Five to load the mules, saddle the horses and disguise yourselves in your robes and turbans. Do you ride well?" h e school had had the costumes for so Tmany years that nobody remembered any longer who had mode them originally... somebody's mother, probably. Whoever she wits, she had used the same rich materials she would have used in embroidering an altar cloth for the church, Eduardo's robe was ofturquoise sal in belted with a gold cord and on his head he wore a multicolored turban, twind's robe was of heavy silver brocade and his turban was of purple velvet, Ramoneito wore a man darin! ike coat of blue silk, ornately embroid ered, unci a wine-colored turban. Last of all, they attached their long white beards with liquid adhesive and, using an eyebrow pencil, drew the wrinkles of old age on their brown young races. Then, the horses ready, the mules waiting eagerly in single file on their lead ropes, rhs boys watched the sun go down behind the palm groves to the west. After it was below the "Ves , Father," murmured the boys. All 1 Cuban boys ride well, using neither sad dle nor bridle but only n length of rope looped at one end around the horse's muzzle. "Bueim; you will be .handsomely mounted, Don Alfredo tie la Torre is sending me three cream-colored mares from his farm, with silvermounted Mexican saddles and pack-saddles for the mules, You will set out at dusk. If will take you three hours or so to deliver the presents; then you will return here and hand buck the animals to Don Alfredo's foreman and hang away your robes. Understood?" "Understood, Father,** replied Eduardo when neither Ramoneito nor Lastro spoke. He did not ask for leadership, ti annoyed him, horizon, the sky was filled with dazzling lime-green light, unci limn, with no interval, it was dusk. It had been a fruit punch of a sunset, complete with maraschino cherries anil lemon sherbet, but the boys had seen it every night of their lives, and they supposed that the sun behaved m extravagantly in all countries. To their, ft was merely a signal that the time had come for them to start. "Mount," ordered Eduardo,and they swung themselves into the highbucked saddles. `The top end of Princess Street," directed Ltizaro, "The Monioros live at Number 17." "I believe thee," replied Ramoneito. whose secret intention it was one clay to marry the middle Monloro girl, Gladys. . actually. But it was always thrust on him, "Now go along to your homes," concluded the old priest, "and do not reveal to anyone that you are the Three Kings, We would not wish to sudden the hearts of the little ones," h e boosts of Cardenas, like the homes in Tmost Latin cities, 'are invisible, Thai Is, von see nothing of them from the street except the front wall. which joins the front walls ofthe residences on either side and is plastered over During the next couple of days, its they dis with Ihe same golden stucco, Inside Ihe wall, cussed the roles they were to play, Ramondlo from front to back, each house is divided into grew somewhat bitter about the "little ones," two long, narrow strips, side by side. One of "What do we care if they find out the Kings these strips, which has no roof over it, is a (tied aren't real?" he exclaimed resent fully, "lift garden with a fountain, stone flower boxes, found out." lime and mango and papaya trees and an array "That's no way to talk,'* replied Eduardo of outdoor fu nature. Here the fatni !y lives lit rue brusquely in Us deep voice, "Before we knew hundred days in the year, The long strip on the the Kings did not exist, we thought they were other side, roofed over with faded vermilion marvels. We nearly .went out of our beads tiles, contains the formal living room with its waiting for them to come to our houses and crystal chandelier anti cumbersome mahogany bang the knockers. True?" furniture; the bedrooms, each of which has Fill little Lazitfo offered no opinion one way its own door opening into the garden; the or the other. Instead, he made a street map and dining room, with another chandelier and a big planned the route they would take, so that they electric refrigerator front the United States would be able to visit the houses on their list statiding in a corner; unci the kitchen, where with t he least possible amount of back l rack i ng, the food is cooked over square cast-iron baskets ..Lamm was.eflki.cnt,. Either that or he was layv,... ..of fragrant...glowing eliarepaj,............................ Or it may be that efficiency and laziness are But there is something about the houses of Cardquits that is stranger still, and this is tint the richest man in the Mock may live next, door to the poorest. There are poor neighborhoods and rich neighborhoods, bill often a banker lives in the poor one and a shrimp peddler in the rich one. For this reason, as the boys dis mounted at the Montoro house they could not help but see the nine barefoot children of Emilio, the shoemaker, dressed in ragged shirts and nothing else, who stared at them hopefully s they took down tte saddlebag containing the Montoro youngsters* gifts. Eduardo, whose voice was already so much deeper than many a man's, thudded on the door with the brass knocker and bellowed: "Do the good young ones of the Scflores Montoro live here'!'* Suitor Montoro swung open the tall door, elegant in his starched white jacket of plaited linen. "Yes, sir, we have good young ones in this house," he replied. "May I ask who you arc. gentlemen?" "We are the Three Kings of Orient," boomed Eduardo, '"Enter, then. This is thy house," The Montoro children, jabbering with excite ment, accepted the presents that had their names cm them ns Eduard ami Ramondlo tools them from the opened burlap suck. Hasty goodbyes were said, the Kings explaining that I hey hud a great distance to travel below morn ing, and they mounted and rode on, "The shoemaker's kids are all crying," said Lttatro over the clip-clop of the hooves. "I can hear them. They thought we'd leave some thing .for them when we came out of the Monioros*." "Maylie'Jaime Montoro will give them his express wagon after he smashes it," said Ramoneito. "I'll bet there won't lie a wheel left by noon tomorrow," . AT the Cabrera house on Shell Street they tlel\ tivereda ifly-itollarPremcli doll to Myriaro Cabrera, along with it dozen other packages. Mounting again, they turned info Anglonu Street. By now it was dark, the only light on the street falling from unshaded bulbs at the intersections. They were conscious as they rode along of people, grownups as well as children, watching them front the sidewalks. Everybody was out for an evening stroll in the cool bay breeze. Now ami again somebody called out, "Look, the Three Kings!" and each, time the voice was thrilled and reverent. There was mystery in the night. The nudes felt it, pricking up their ears, and Hie horses, catching the murmurs of admiration, tossed their manes anil lifted their forefeet higher thin they really needed to,'showing off. ' ....................... On Saint John of God Street the horses shied at the peanut seller who wits chanting, `Peanuts little tot, peanuts it little tot." anti again there were watchers in the darkness under the rustling palms. Distinctly the boys heard a little girl ask in a trembling voice; "Mama, will they come l o u s ?" AimI they heard the mother's patient, desperate answer; "Who knows, soul of my son!'? But if they do not come tonight you must he valiant, for surely they will come next year." On the lead mare Eduardo, who knew a. number of words which did not meet with Father Miguel's approval, muttered a particu larly bad one. "Now she's crying," exclaimed -tijaro, "because we've pissed her house." "If you think this is bad," said Ramoneito, "wait till we get down hjt the market," . "The poor are always with us," replied JMuitrite .gruffly, ."Jesiis .stays. so.In the HHe." ... "He means they are always with tts to 29 iCJiili-u US U> UO -.UflK'nimg aPCHIt IlClll, !'. Cpliant. ;iLih 1 f.a/rire, "1 hulk what I krinemis." "What di> you ivam'*'' luhmrdn shouted b k 'I-:, "Am l io blame Inmans.: dune are fami lies I ha: can't cam a Ihirg? The cane crop is jUiH'i' Bus veniY I dull I'd Os a i'i Ctrl' was something lo hr q leneiied promptly, il was well known. "No, fJeph.mg deal. you uiv ih m io blame,'" said Kamoneito. "We dotfl say you are." ` i hen shut up. me i:,so of you1" "I ju'4 1 link." odd I nznro in Che cTar, sweet \nk\ Chat jieuimlea. him, a' I-X -aill Ju sjui.', ;n 114' choir, "*i\ a shame U; lake esfls io rich kills like ns when h\ the poor kids that need them " "Me, Uh My lallaa is giving me a bicy cle. ` added Ramn icito. "When do I want with a domino >ei and a silly ra d game dial's si ppo-.ed So tench me how So spellT" da ihei Mu me I ink! ns whm lo do," -add Ldnarilo grimly, "and >,veT- going lo do h." Bui no! a hutched yank further on a small bov of n'u'ii or e-ghr, hi a -jit* i made ot Nt.-eonilhaiid cheesecloth washed whim- Tor the holiday. luii hysterically inlo 1 Ik : si reel crying. "Of, King;, Kings1 Wi I \e h>. c s.-ian.-s, al Number T!!" I" i `i !-\|{ c m i wnedir sO'lmiply Mud helmr- his . maiv's ilainiy mood'! 1 *-nnmg down from Ins saddle, he bellowed in a voice dial highi- cned die boy i-eai iy out id iiis senses; \\ bads vmu name7 J> ihcic light in your 'imise *;o v/c can .see': Then hike us there, Monkey, gallop hack aiv.l gel ihiu I d at was hoswinp''" Is: iUc tsiie-roun koine ;d Nuntlx r T-\ where ;m cm ire family -dept on ihc chy door and die: only light was 1 l.m Inan iJj candle !Tnkimr in in. mhy cup ai die feel of dm Visejn, Try handed out ha!!' a down pack- are:., I dn.udn >?lowciij'ii.y Ramouciu. ra.ivd mu risoliMr ami I a/aro si niggling. in omuml dn: giggli: tlmr idwrns assailed him ai die wrong moment. I !te tii'adlude of the link: hoy ;md pnl en 1'iurrassed diem so tenrb1 \ that du-y got a wav qitkfb. dinning the rickety dutu behind rhcni will? a slain. 'A-Vidl. anyhow. ` saal I dim.do, "ihose wvo won't bawl ad nighl. lim now whal 7 vuu know we mi >hi o obey I he ] allic- "In i-res /e/c.'' answeieil R.tmuncito with a diruii, A rni ie the ho-wA ' I'm no; ihi: lu:e>A i oared 1 .dum'do. Whin always make me die boss, and men P get into jfounlc. I hr you realize !he scandal it will b-c if we go down lo du- mm km ; ml gr.c ail Ids .unfT to tIk; kaw.ar I, k I:*V" "( lea fly ii will he a scandal. ' resj'Hmded IT-iroiK'ito, "It In.:-, nevui been done." AVi; re wear iap uhcwn-yiird d,ii'H no,'.," jiromsfed i-.miui'do, as we migli! sa>; "Wede m hot water imv-.A Ik: unn.-d lo I a/rro. "What do yon -aiy, rvj;n,''uooii'.r" VVlien a pci sun of bpitnfsh Mood nol know wlial oilier .newer lo ytv'c:, hr niKWcts w-ilh a proverb.'. ' Hud whirl dors not till ii-:," quoted lai/aro, kv \l make m la ." h hr -miiai.1. iliii nol In Ihe r.lumii n ir-pecially well, bin ii i om-cyed his meunme. ""All rich!,'' .-.aid I dttaohe "hul voidre both in lim. Vvtih :iie, l)on'l ;,4>u luigta it. eiliiei !" "1 oi an elephaul," said Ramnm lo, "`vu.i hi a li'U i'd lalsiuy." I Tarnalically La/au* ia mii Ids map ; ml ami* it imp ihc guile:. I hev mmrd du: hon-.rs" I auk niif 1 ts'oked lovv.nd rhe mm'kei. hi [he slice! approaehiim d, ( '>donel I lung-nan Sorei, with its reek oi nsh heads am! roil cn cab hare, mev drew rein, i.dt.arthi siood creel in his .sunups. near me, he shoaled, "is Uus Ihe lown of i. arde tas, in Cuba?" Tb.at w:i- u line stmgmalAc louelu "Are there good young nue.N ou this HU'ect who have hehased well this year? 11 1 he re are. come you ail lo ihe maike! !*' The n arkeb a maze ol' hemy stone ;udi way S, was hrilliamly liujiled. ( 'unmi'i, loui/.im inr hutcher.s iiml vcgsaal-fe sellers ai once ^allieivil ao.uiml ilie j hire kings as they cn~ teieil. ijr.ipgrii:'. I heir bulky saddlemtgs. ! sen as the crowd id med a ring, dirty, bardool ehil.h"cn w:ih uncc-mlxHl hair and noses dial badly needed wiping wane pushi ig and w i iguliug and, svherc ii vra-% ueers'-ary. kicking ll'ieti' way a* its ceutci- Recklessly bduaido, Ramoiic iioand l.a/arn lore away iisMie papei and ribbons, so shut thev eouJil sec whm ihe ad is were, and passed them out. Argumem-; broke m j in ihc cowed, bail rid among the chihlica, 1 hey snak hed tl'ien dolls and paint ing. sets, their toy fuv engines and scooters ami raced away .-.leaking, canyine Ihe great est nu'-ws of lheir live*, m brother-., shaei?, ami desciAmg friends. In twciily minutes Lie saddlebags were empty. No! an all-day sucker was left. K\eu l<:imoceilo\ while heart! was gone, foi ii had iallcr, lo ihe conuele Ouui anti a yomigsirr hud snatched it in rhe hehef that it was a iov. Si i earning pei'spiialion.artdas htsirst: nscrosv.s, rhr 1'iiyc boys iIn its;! their way through Ihe diuMer.ng, myst lietl, admirtng mmil ilia, jammed ihe sitlewalk for i\ block, mounlcd and tn:lted back in ihe school imdei die late mow. I lie muon could no; manage anything quite as speelaeid.ii as the sun. lull il was doing its best. Ii in met! die massed clouds over the sea into greu- cluster-. of white camellias, wi ripping each . h i-arr in shini hg af.iimm mi foil. Snisnjyts say nothing 1 lauds nore vufdy than liyhi. This is nm mw: in a Mindtown good news, had news, any kind of new:; al all tinsels lastei, hv the lime the fioys hud hung tip their costumes and turned over the animals to bo i Albedo's foreman, furious geshciifuline ruirenls wt:n- idieudy lairaiiguing dir boys" lai he is. And by morning the anger had solidified mfo a demand tied all fhire of them be expelled al nice from school. The movement was headed by I I'ltmlo Anilinu. a 4:i-uggjsi, w !k > sent nun.'s m c-eryned) hoi se by n essenger. demanding thal all parCrds meet i 1 the rah Nia ami j h ii ihe matlei to a vole, Ai fbui dial rfiemoon ihe rHiimgei! pairnts were ai the sehoid lot pvo hours late, noi esen one hour kite, as was ihc eusiong hm on du- dot. Plump lid hers with cigars. Plump mothers wrih >m:dL iwcpiisiie fed n high heeled, piileul ksilher shoes. Iliry jolhnvvil dViunfo .Anihna iuh.i 11 ie large, coul rot mi in w htch a r ii hmd ic was laughi. Tfiere r l>cy si;ueezed iltemsdves in If > ihc scuts heiiiud me stuiienrs' .sinu`I desks while the burly dtugmsf urroganilv prc-cinyited ihe nmlhematicsicas'her's ilcsk <m the dais. As hu the hovs tlemsch-.-s. `.vjlhom a ivhody"v ouleiiiig them to do so, i .11 ardo, U.uiumciln ittn.1 Ln/aro ranged 1 IrriiiM'low Isrfore he hkickhoard, slanding wirh .heir hacks lo it. In then own minds ijiey wei- gtiilty. comiefed and ready !o j Ihe firing siprad. "Wi1 are her-'." sink*-! { minl'o Auilina ewify. "I .4.1 US iH-pitf I le presented a ddtided account of ihe dime ihut had been eninmidal. i-sini; u mimher of jiuge and miprcKs've wi.-ixis he had picker up inm\ ids brother, a lawyer. .Alter lids hie fathers oi' the culprits spoke for Sin: defense, Idhiardo's fa! kid ojferini1. to lefMiy Ihe cost ol nil the gifts, Ramuneifo's father pleniling ihas hoys would lx: boys, amt I azaro's father volunux-ring lo pircli 'britmlb ami all ihe oihei male memheis o! the Anilinu fundly, 'o whom he referred as coekn>ac!ic4;, thmugh Ihe window. But 1 j iunlo Anstin,! shouted ilown Hie ilc- fense, pounding die desk with his hairy list and upselling the inkwell. "The 11 lievi ** m is! he- punished!" he cried, " I hen She Srulh of tlx matler." said i-.dunr- do's hambonic father, gening once more lo Ins leet. "l x dui nolld ig will satisfy von nol honorable apnhyey, nol repavmenL nodiing. Whai >*(ni uani is rvscmic." "'Vos, reveinic!" Tri'iiiH* Auilina, his linen jackcl dark wilti pc spi-aliim. "VVlial a scaml;,!1 Ii is ihc first lime in the hKlnry of unr rohfh ilwt this ihitir, Ittts iKtppcncii!" "At;. Aailiiut,' citnte ;i I'ainl, twisicitl him oh ;i \ilice I'riim the leaf of the loom, "yeut title i point there.*' \i k y liea.i tmnod ;.s I -atiler Mipticl, ptitis- E mt; seve.r;tt limes to siather strenuth -,iUtni> titr way. iMiiit1 up the aisle, in his long. It,Mowcolored inrsvii. All the inoiln.: 's mid tat he is had I'oryopcii him. liitmh) Amlimi si.-r;in)hlcrl duimily lo his feel "lake my scat, hathcr," lie said. "It is not your sea!.'' replied lullici Vlig.jel. Slaruting on the dais, slcailytni? himscll with one small, drv Itaml on Ihe ei-ge ot' ihe desk, his halt) skull rdleciinj; Hie sshilt- liglit liom the itirulows he* I't.eerl the piiretUs. "near fi icuds. ' he ivlii.spcicik "it is so, lor 50 years t hnn- sent inlo the own. on the eve of 'I hive K iiiy.s* Iday, the ihiec nidtsi hoys of ihe school. Ami always dies buive tfixliiuunal the gills as I hade ihcm, hecu'isc hey were good hoys. Noi umd Uisi nighl fiasc they c-.er ilisolx ycd im Ik hirul ihe dewk I i iunfo Arilina jei kml his lie.ul sharply in ugivemeni. "But these duet: hovs arc: pond hoys also, shier all hoys am good hoys," consumed I-al her Miguc., "so, in fain less m them, we inuvi c.Simdne did? uiisc.eed very clnsdy. b.sacilv whut. we musi ask ousselves, .1iii 1 hey They look rich gifts provided by ihc bounty of oi ii beloved i-dand, and earned I lien: lo babes vd?o sleep cm slow pnlleis, f thevmc lucky enough o liiul yin straw, in the si reels iiroimil ihe nuiilcl. I >i>es tfie si raw re mind you ol anyihim.;, s c h o iv n iu k I schoias? It rt'm.nds me of anolliei B;ib<', swaddled m course d<5ih. who -,lcp: on strew in u manger bee;ms.: iheie was m> room lor Mini in an inn. Aral vvii h sips in mind ii hee<nncs eleai I'cyxmd doulg Ihm (hexc me nol goml hoys. No, rhey me soj icihing. more ilum oi'tlinaiy gmul hew. hi ihe gciierodix of their lieai ls, lie sweetness of thdr spinl. Hie eimuige ol' Iheii whl lliey urt:, imleed. I hie.: Young Kings," Ai i io hlackbnmu:. aims sriff ai his siiies i.duaixlo spols4- out of ihe cornel of his mouth m lai lifiSt: l .azmo. "khgjde o ie tare," hr said, "ami I advjso dice ihm ii will be thy bis! giggle." In ihe schoolroom these wan; -alenee. Then ITubom.iio's mollici hegan lo viy and I azaio s la! her (Hirst into hoktunu-; laughter, bather Miguel raised a hand. "Now," he said, "if you will kindly help me to uiv linuw: lie mi iioor. a delegation from the iieighhoihooil iif ihc market is wailing. They wish io ihaidv von for your sympathy mid kindliness, which Ime -> deeply touched them They xvrsh u Imi to know the idem hies of die lluce noble Kings, in older that lltev may kks Ihcir hands." B in! 111 vrs w 1111 a coin in on In > 11 c "/liiri" ri'fiirii#, jhmUtitr for JmMiv tuul honsehohi uses, helps tmihi yeslenhiys tiiitl tonuortucs Archaeologist, C Ins Van Beck roronsi.rucis the past through ancient. puffery, and ldareneu Mel ailkitigh visualizes lhe !'u lure in hia models of' ] imposed inti mil rial pl.t ilia. Altlumgl t their work deals with different, poini..s ttt I mie, I hose builders have a common bond: I hi font "Dueo" cement.. Dr, Van Book, research associate in the Ortenial Sem inary at iltihns [ Io] ik:n,s University, tisi-s " I )ac<>" l si jtui. together pottery fragments gathered during Arabian expe dition-, of the Anieriean Foundation or Iiu: Sjudy uf Mail, Inc., in I tin i. "Atu-ietii man was much like us," Dr. \";.n Beck explains, "in l.ltal he sought to relieve the monolmn* nt' his surround'tigs by ere; i tine new forms and designs. Through careful si udy of changes in pottery, an archaeologisl can learn natch about auoietii cult tires." 'The puffery Dr. Van Reel rurrenUy -s reconstructing will form the backbone of the tirsf put lory i limnology of ancient South Arabia, if came from a .'j(! fool, slice in a mound caked 1 ia jar Bin II time id, and represents leu dis tinct layers, each from <me major period of occupation. The |;tr pictured is one of some 50 pieces Dr. Van Reek has rccousi rucked. "In otic spnl itear the. hast: t bridged a gap of about la inches, where sherds were missing, with three fragments held together with *!)i:eok 'I'hts bridge carries the entire side of the vessel. Probably `Dueo' will support much more weight; in any case, it certainly has been adequate for my work," Dr. Van Seek reports. Oni-enro McCullough works for Indnslrial Models, 1 ne.. an organi '.at ion tout s)-ii.1 iy.es in building lltreedimension; l replicas of proposed indiisl t'ia I plants. The company, prohah.y the wor.d's largest mode: group, lias <>!'- I ices in New York ( 'iiy,('level,and, 1 'il-fslnirgn, Wilniingfoii, Del.;'I'hc Hague, Net.herlands. ril'd Manchester, hing-aml. ifiotrti.s tTt-At, misttrt i.titjoiis "By helping companies locale design errors in Hat planning s.l.agv. we can save i Item time, mousy and momvenienra lai er un," II.,I. Roweu, ! ndusl rial Models' presi dent, points out. "We\ e found f hat a model, mask- in a<lvance of design, can save live to ten (hues its cost," Model parts...built, of wool I. plastic and ni hi reasy-tohandle materials- n'outren licxihta and fast 11 r \ ing eemr-ni to hold i belli in place. It: addition, a polyethylene appli cator i i p on 1 lie cap makes it easy I o apply " But o ' neat Iv lo smalt parts. On the shelves behind Dr. Van I leek. boxes u! pollers* frag met its waif to he rest (trot i and studied; t te model McCullough is working on is only one of 100 or so mad,* by Industrial Models every yea;*, lined man has his work ...on the past. and (he future cut. out. for him. Imhtslriiil model maker likes 'THiriC rein,-n!. It*- ea-, to a[|>lv and iratissKii'etil. making for neat-looking jot* * 'IVVO NEW 1<JN`SI IJvS Jlfi vt: bsifii ;!iiiCn:r<;(l by 1 )n ( "Oulux" S.il in Nlnoii viigives a low sheen, liainlrul(fil'd nlJoet, to interior wood I rim arid fiimimrr. "Du c k " Mfiiii-glohH blank laiiiiiit-l produces n wro-.rghf.-iron effect on nil her a wood or jut-la) rfurfn * STRIPS 01' META 1.1 ZED "VI YEAR"' polycsl.e r film festooned on strings of Chris! mas lights make an efi'eel.ive street. doi oration. IVfHa lived "Mylar" is available in .silver, gold, rod and groan. P ET-A -GROOM pet brush may be sterilized safely be cause its Du Pont "Tynex" nylon bristles are set in a block of "Zytol" nylon resin. Distributed by Old Tappan Products, Inc., Old Tappan, N. J. PNEUMATIC HOSE made with fabric of'"Dacron" poly ester fiber and a silicone rubber liner is being used to start aircraft jet engines by carrying hot air at high speeds into the turbine. The lightweight hose ft brie was devel oped by Quaker Rubber Division, H. K, Porter Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa, Quaker says the material resists abrasion ..line! heat-degradation............................................................. NEW ROBIN HOOD booties, which have a suede-like finish anchored In Du Pont neoprene, can bo worn out doors as well as in. They are available with matching hats from the Sufix Shoe Manufacturing Co., 541 Shawmut Ave., Boston, Mass. "FAIRPRENE" pre-cured sheet stock is a new Du Pont product especially designed for lining chemical tanks, hoods and pipes where high chemical and abrasion resis tance are required. "Fairprene" sheet stock and the mate rials needed for installation are sold as a package. DO PONT SODIUM NITRITE is now available m pellet form. Unlike the common granular product, the pelletized nitrite remains free-flowing even after months of storage, and its higher density saves space. For additional information on products or services men tioned in any issue, write to ttordtm H. Roster, Editor, iJii-Fon|,Jllig-|ijgii(f"WiIniiigton'P8,'Del................................. 32 * PRODUCTION BOOSTS are planned for three Du Pont fibers and two packaging materials: , Nylon--A new plant at Richmond, Va,, to make heavy denier industrial yarn. "Dacron" polyester staple and tow--Production to be stepped up 25 per cent at Kinston, N.C. "Orton" acrylic staple--A new 40-million-potiiid unit to go in at Waynesboro, Va. "Mylar" polyester film--New construction at the Cmrlt'vilk:, Ohio, plant to iiKTeiisi1 rapacity :">(! |-r rent. Cellophane...Production me.-case of 10 million pounds at I lie Clinton, Iowa, plant. Farther increases under consideration at-oilier locations. NEW CATALOG features Remington sport in s' firearms, amuiuniUou, irrips and targets, ami includes prices, nail in ties, liroarm siieeilications and illustrat ions. You can pci ii by writing to Remington Arms Co., Inc., DM a, Bridgeport, Conn. % ELASTIC BANDAGE, cum.aining sf.retoh yarn made from Du Pont, nylon, maintains a strong, coni humus compression regard It >s.s < >f moist nrc. body heat, or muscular movenieiii. It's made by the Medical Fatirirs Co., Inc., 10 Mill SI., Paterson, N. ,J. * DU PONT "NITRAMEX" NO. 3 blasting agent, sold in watertight containers of 2 j-i 3 and 3 j-f-indi diameter, now offers quarry operators rasing small diameter holes the increased safety and economy of the Du Pont blasting agent line. The blasting agents formerly were available only in containers of larger diameter, ` * SUN-PGWEREIJ PORTABLE RADIO converts sunlight or artificial light to electricity with a power pack containing 32 light-sensitive wafers made from. Du Pont silicon. Devel oped by Admiral Corp., Chicago, 111., the radio works at night on six flashlight batteries. It sells for about $150. i,o keep papers and hits sepiimte ik mu perooiuu items. * GENTLE PLAYMATES for the youngster are made by Knickerbocker Toy Co., 401 Butter St., Brooklyn, N, Y,, from crush-resistant plush of 300 denier Du Pont rayon, A cuddly lamb, tiger, leopard, snowman and Santa Claus b ib available in the fabric. " rnightieet vertical hole Mm, overfired rr,,, of A. Dolese Brothers used ' "Nilramon" blasting agent for maximum sa,ffetys in this record-breakinCg? mf. mrrYv shot Imagine a job that takes two months to prepare for and a fraction of a second to accomplish. That wan the time split c m last spring's record blast .at the Richards Spur limestone quarry of Dolese Brothers Co., 90 miles southwest of Oklahoma City. Workmen in three shifts spent 60 days drilling the 208 holes required for the blast. Finally the holes were loaded with 510,000' pounds of "Nitramon", and the "Primacord" detonating fuse was set off with' a blasting cap. A few minutes later the-dust and smoke cleared away to reveal Iff million tons of broken rock where there had been a saddle joining two hills. This permanent alteration of the Okla homa landscape, although on a. larger scale than usual, is all in a day's work for Dolese Brothers. The 50-year-old Jinn operates four quarries, and Poioiie sand, gravel and readymixed concrete go into houses and skysera para, .highways and swimming pools, throughout Oklahoma and Kansas. The safety of "Nitramon" is the biggest argument in its favor, Dolese Brothers says. "You tain burn it, jolt it, do almost anything to it and it won't explode," says a spokesman for the firm. "Even outside elec tric charges won't set it off. Yet it still pos sesses the blasting qualities needed In a quarry. It was the safety factor that started ns using the product, and we've never been disillusioned. There never has been an acci dent with `Nitramon' ahtee we began using it ten years ago," Other advantages mentioned: Since it isn't classed as an explosive, "Nitramon" can be shipped more cheaply than dynamite. Because of the safety of hand ling it, it's easierdo store. .And its fumes don't cause the... headaches that the oldtime "powderman" often suffered on the job. Technical representatives of Du Pout's Explosives Dept, have helped Dolese work oat its system of primary blasting, which the company says has served it well. Blast holes are drilled 30 feet back from the quarry face--this drunk la called the burden by quarrymen--and up to 40 feet apart. The hobs extend five feet below the quarry floor to assure a clean break at the bottom of the face. To give you an idea of just how big that record blast of 208 holes and 1 l.j mil lion tons was, the average shot at Richards Spur Involves only 25 to 35 holes and knocks down 160 to 250 thousand tons of rock. BOTTOM I'll I.If lilt FIRES FIRST The "Nitramon" Is loaded with three primers in each hole, one at the bottom,. aii.ofli.er. in. the ..middle and., a third... 16 feet from the top. The fop 16 feet of the hole is filled, or stemmed, with broken rock. The "Primacord." fuse is hooked up to fire the bottom primer first;. This again helps insure a clean bottom break. Spliced to the fuse between holes are Du Pont MS-9 connectors, which introduce a split-second delay between the firing of each successive hole to reduce the shock wave, and control the direction in which the blast will throw the rook. When the rock is piled in one place, it's easily handled. Once Hasted from its age-old home in the southern Oklahoma hills, Richards Spur limestone is crushed and graded in a modem processing plant that can handle up to 750 tons an hour. It's then, ready for shipment - to-Dolese. Brothors'-customers........................ can save you money ifart's him' tiro rah raatpanirs provatI the fai l lit ihrir atm satis farlion lly C. 11. J*A;ii, Jr. i' j i` :o . \. \ > {< Ct i h: >y. i : / h v i 7 i.: j i i`.i u 'i! * '< i i! i \ : 1: i< \ ..;Veu !. i : \ .led l-' 11 !i '< (I ! f >::111;:! Oil iin' O.-.iU 1 i'r i IJ i'i'i'!. :.:! r' i i ; i.. i i it. ' I'iio! ii.C:! roM'i fiiO cue.'! an He (,-\ ; ,i-:i I: i;.i, . i. ,i: Hil. ! f no o! JVtrific iiitermounl.ain Kx press. Now comes evidence that the: same tire economies am be had by bakers, cleaners, taxicab opemiors and all the other bimmcKsmen who transport goods or people in pas senger ears or light trucks. Testifying are two cal) com panies, one in Wilmington, Del., and 1 lie other in .Jacksonville, Fla., whose cabs have rotted on nylon cord tires for two and four years, respectively. In January, iJM, Du ['out began a test with the City Cat) Co. of Wilmington. City Cab started out with 27 new nylon corf) tiros mid 28 made with rayon cord. All were four ply (170 x if) tires with conventional inner tubes. Twenty one months and more than 100,000 miles later, none of the original rayon tires was still in use. All had hiiled in service, more than half because of impact or Hex breaks in the tire fabric. The others bail succumbed to ply separation, cuts and repair failures. in striking contrast, 19 of the original 27 nylon tires wore Still in service. All of these had rolled up more than ?s .11X1,000 miles apiece and were si ill going strong after several retreads. Of the: eighl that failed, impact breaks had knocked out two. two more had suffered elds, two had been viriims id"repair failure and two had failed after being run with too little tread remaining. City Cab found that the rayon cord tires were good for an average of 2.1 retreads. Bo far the nylon tires have chalked up an average life span of -l.;l reireads. Since so many are still in use, the final average will exceed live retreads, according to those conducting the test. At this writing, each nylon cord tiro Inis ensl Dii.y i 'ah 7.1 rents per 100 miles of service; the rayon ( ires cost 8.2 cents on the same basis. Projecting iliase figures, il's estimated that the use of nylon tires can save City Cab $29.42 per cab in a year's time. This is true despile the $11.68 higher unit price paid lor lhe nylon run! tires when they were new. Them: cost figures stand to be bettered in favor of nylon, too, as ihe remaining lest (ires continue to clock more mileage. Further evidence m the mime vein comes out of daclc sonviSle, where < iuy Marvin's JNew Deal Cab Co. has rolled on nyloi) cord fires for the last, lour years. Bo severe are driving conditions, report*. Marvin, that only four per ctmf of his cabs' rayon cord i.res ever made if to f he firs, retread wit I unit failing or requiring a major repair. Wiili nylons. he's boosted (he average to :H) ner cent M arson also operates a dozen atrpori iiitunisate.-. They came equipped wdh six.ply rayon cord tires ihai seleom could be retreaded because of severe radial cracks. As flies' wert: taken out of service, Marvin replaced them with four ply nylons. These have already been retreaded -.wo or 1 have limes, I he cab owner reports. "Am limousine delivered to as in the fmnre will have four- ply nylons," Marvin promises. A number of oilier fleet :csls of nylon cord tires art* currently being conducted in cities around the country Du Com. intends lu publish the resells as i hey becur.u* available. The main conclusion tn be erawii. however, is already clear; if. cosis less to run commercial vehicles nr. nylons, and there are fewer annoying ami t osf ly lire fail tiros on lilt* road. WlmlV. (.rue fin* (axis also applies to ihe ilecis o! small delivery vehicles ilia:, pound the saint! rough pavemenf through t he same foul weal her as does I lit: cabbie. i'Vr all of I hem il's ihe over-1 he* road price of a lire, no! flic rack price, 11 nil allows tip in i be books. A'.'// r.-n,: { ( f i -.. '. fj f > l /1 i,., Sj ; ,'J'1 ? /(y- 't'rjijiii ; Ci', . / i'i i i ' > i 11 i's i >. ::';y fy ii fV BiC / A ; ;/l i .Ivy s /S ;' t .< ; /' ". Imffi lint-- By PEG MINER When diesels started rolling down tie tracks of American railroads, they ran.on a sirloin diet; premium quality diesel, fuels. But .after .World War II, shortages, of these, straight-run fuels loomed as jet planes began gulping a big share of production. The high cost of standard diesel fuel darkened the situation even more when freight earloadingB--the chief source of railroad profits--started to clip in 1953. Moat roads were figuring fuel charges at more than, half of the operating cost of a diesel freight engine. To a railroad using 180 million gallons of diesel fuel a year, a saving of only one cent a gallon could mean keeping $1.8 million in the treasury. Many roads decided that their'young diesels, like spoiled children, would have to eat hamburger and like it. They ate if and didn't like it. For the new diet they got was thermally or oafalyticalJy cracked instead of straight-run fuel* Among the problems raised by then economy fuels, instability was the worst. An unstable fuel forms sludge ..deposits..that. plug....filtera...and. .can*, injectow. to..stick,... In the office of W, T. Robinson at Du Font's Petroleum Laboratory, a visitor can see photographs of filters, monot onously similar in their heavy coating of sludge. ... "These are from field tests that we helped railroads and oil refiners run with economy fuels," Bill Robinson says. "The relatively clean filters in these other photo graphs came from engines in which Du Font's Fuel Oil Additive No, 2 was used. FOA-2 coats the tiny particles so they won't clump together and form bigger ones that plug filters. And it cuts down the formation of residue in the first place." A second difficulty with economy fuels is that they don't always get. along with each other. Since moat rail roads buy fuel from several refiners and refuel locomotives from different tanks along the way, fuel mixing is inevi table. In the fat of this incompatibility, FOA-2 acts as a peacemaker. It smooths over the chemical antagonisms between the fuels, anti prevents the heavy sludge build-up that otherwise would occur. Bill Robinson has logged thousands of miles studying ...economy.diesel. fuels..in .service. on..many - of.the..major. 38 railroads. An incident that still stands out in his mind dramatizes the effects of filter plugging from sludge. The local freight that was being used for a test of an untreated economy fuel rolled smoothly until it was well out in the country, Robinson recalls. "Then, plunk, we stalled on the main line, miles from a town, with a crack passenger train due in 16 minulcs. The flagman walked out as far as he could and placed signal flags. The conductor took off to find a telephone. By the time the dispatcher could send a tow engine, though, that passenger train was badly delayed." Another reason for the popularity of FOA-2-hinges on a big concern of the railroads; engine exhaust sparks. Carbon deposits, which tend to build up in exhaust systems, are dislodged and thrown out when the engine runs hard and hot. A metallic additive is likely to increase the size mid cohesivcness of these particles and decrease their glow tempera ture, boosting the chance of starting a fire. That's why some railroads now specify an ashless, nonmetallic additive like FOA-2. ' RESIDUALS! NO TONIC Will DIESELS A new Job for FOA-2 is in .residual fuels, those low men on the petroleum industry's totem pole. Residuals, which smell like sulfur and run like molasses, are about as palatable to a diesel as sulfur-and- molaases was to our grandfathers. In addition, the impurities they contain are bom enemies of engine parts. A few railroads are beginning to use dual-fuel systems, which save wear. Diesels start up and idle on economy-trade distillate from one tank, then are switched to residual blends when they move to full speed. Pioneering still another approach, Missouri-Kansas-Texaa Railroad Co. hopes to avoid the expense of converting engines to dual systems. The "Kitty" wants to find one moderately heavy oil that will work under all conditions. . A few months ago, their fuel engineers sent samples to the Du lout Petroleum Lab for study, as railroads often do. On the basis of tests, Du Pont technical men recommended that FOA-2, in sizable doses, probably would assure a smooth-running engine. The results, according to Clay Lewis, the "Kilty's" test engineer, far exceeded expectations. "The experiment has been a spectacular success," he wrote. "After three weeks of service, in engines fueled with a residual blend containing FOA-2, the filters were cleaner than would be normally expected with standard fuel.'* Filters used with an un treated residual blend were badly plugged in a week, he reported. Further tests are necessary to discover whether a residual fuel, with its load of impurities, will cause more expensive engine wear than can be offset by its rock-bottom price. But, as far as the "Slaty" is concerned, FOA-2 has proved its worth in keeping the diesels from getting indigestion on such a diet. FOA-2 also Is going into furnace oils for homes and industrial plants, but its biggest use to date is on the rails. The diesels, once churning along on their economy foods with, perhaps, a nervous "I think I can-- I think I ciin--I think I can," are now concluding, with the little loco motive in the children's tale, "I thought I could!" Economy hid ctogip ' filters in "Kilty" engii (fur left) in out- w l rn; Id*ji mt;r pair serve for three weeks In WKKtBBKBHMm......fuel tremniwi tlrP p r a c t ic a l g if t s ... more / ever 1 Itnu: fan ntshiiigs and apparel items like these are what people rail ``practical ' gifts. Hut the i oes we've picked lot yoi i here an1 more practical than ever before, thanks to the properties of I )u Font 1 ylon, "()rlon" acrylic fiber and "Dacron" polyosier :ihrr. With tpialicy products made Iroin these modern living libers, you <> vc a new level ol performance and a new ease* of care that make your pres ents doubly ajiprrcsalctl. I fclighl your family by seeing that several of ti 1 esc gift: items are waiting for them uinler the ( linslmas tree. And rn make sou: you aI'e.n I. left out:, leave this issue of the / hi Pouf s\l,i<h'.::iiw where the others can't miss it! NOTE: |,f`tail prias ijiioti'd in in/iiioits nr.1 appioximiile. Btontafs of 100 "Orloo:n" t$1SI are light In yet worm. Machine we'sStbattle, wo, Tims# by Chatham. are at Wonainaker't, .Retina rd's,.. other, tin*, itoras.. ACRYLIC FIBER POLYESTER Blit Du Pomfibers open your home and your wardrobe to modem living. ..I illlit IMIMOS-fOi'IIWES" LIVING, .wmurnt atmisnf PILLOW, COMFORTER and bolster (not shown! are filled with "Dacron" polyester fiberflll tar unusual comfort and resilience. The pillow Is $4, and the comforter $15, ,SHEETS1,,PILLOW.,CASES.<Me.,of..r,ylon.|rleo,|n,whtte, four. postals. Single bed sheer |3, double $4, pillow coses $! LACE DINNER CLOTHS of "Orion" I$29), I! and "Dacron*' I$17l a re lovely to loot i wear,...and.-outstandingly ,iii>Ey,t3..cara,fer,.. one ii giow or t h is luxurious sweaier that's so easy to care for. It's 100% "Orion", costs about $15. Ski sweaters of 100% tow-dyed "Orion" ($8 to $13) wash without blocking. Socks of "Orion" ($1 to $3.50) rate high in comfort. mmmm Young skier wears nylon jacket ($251, sweater of "Orion" ($5), slacks of 65% "Dacron" and 35% rayon ($81, all wash 'n wear. Shirt is of "Dacron" in "Taslan" textured yarn for comfort and all-day neatness ($11). These handsome ties of "Dacron" are washable. Boudoir robe ($231 is softly feminine, can be washed repeatedly because it's 100% nylon. av d W,TH EASY-TO-CEEAN FA TONTIME* WINDOW SHADES AMO COEORFlU. WASHABIE TOHT. Fashion-right DuPont "Fabrilite" wipes clean in seconds Spills don't matter when your furniture is covered with dependable "Fabrilite" vinyl upholstery material. It wipes clean with the whisk of a damp, soapy sponge. "Fabrilite" also has a dry, high-slip surface that col lects less dirt from day to day. Thousands of invisible pores breathe for soft, airy comfort. This Du Pont coated fabric is smart looking, too. You have a wide choice of patterns in deep tones and pastels. Better stores carry quality furniture in "Fabrilite"; leading upholstery shops recommend it for reupholstering. Mail coupon below for samples. U.S. PAT. Of f BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY Watch "Du Pont Theater" on Television Set your rooms aglow with shades in soft Sky Colors Enjoy the lightness of spring in your rooms all year long! Window shades of "Tontine" shade cloth in air-fresh Sky Colors bathe your interiors in natural, flattering light in any season, dilfuse glare into glow as they protect drapes and other furnishings from fading. Sky Colors complement the smartest of draw drapes, actually enhance the colors of walls, rugs and upholstery. And shades of "Tontine" resist soiling, are completely wash able. For free Sky Color swatches, mail coupon below, or look in the Classified Directory for the dealer nearest you who sells Du Pont "Tontine" window shade cloth. Registered trademarks E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) Fabrics Division, Dept. DM Wilmington 98, Del. Gentlemen: Please send me . . . Free "Tontine" Sky Oolor swatches Samples of "Fabrilite" upholstery n a me ADDRESS ______ CITYZONESTATE_______