Document 7RJ5D2dw35D5q6m1k7OY2gQ0j

FILE NAME: Ford (FD) DATE: 1971 DOC#: FD116 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Memo RE Fibrous Asbestos Emissions with Handwritten Notes Intra Company ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING STAFF November I 9 , 1971 To: Mr. J . U. Damian Mr. B. H. Simpson cc : Mr. V . M. Brehob Mr. D. A . Jensen Mr. H. L . M isch Mr. R . C. R onzi Mr. C . W. S c h w a r tz Su b ject: Fibrous Asbestos Emissions On October 19, 1 9 7 1 , the S t a t e o f I l l i n o i s h eld a p u b lic h earin g concerning the banning o f asb estos in b ra k e -lin in g s beginning with the 1975 model y e a r . A t t h is h e a r in g , the S t a t e o f I l l i n o i s requ ested astatem ent from Ford Motor Company re g a rd in g th e banning o f a s b e s to s . Mr. Damian i s i n th e p ro cess o f p rep a rin g a sta tem en t f o r f i l i n g on November 22, 1971 The purpose o f t h is l e t t e r i s t o p ro v id e a summary a va ila b le Inform ation concerning asbestos, fo r background or reference covering the follow in g to p ics: of use , 1 . The e f f e c t s o f a sb e sto s on h e a lth 2 . Sources o f ambient fib ro u s asb estos 3 - Automotive u ses versus t o t a l asb e sto s consumption b. Ford stu d ies to determine asb estos em ission rates 5 A lt e r n a t iv e s f o r a sb e sto s i n b rake--lin i n g s 1 Health E ffe c ts In h ala tio n o f fib r o u s asb estos ha3 been co n sid ered the source of asb e3to sis and mesothelioma ( r a r e form o f cancer fr e q u e n tly observed in asbestos workers) N o n -fibro u s a s b e s t o s , on th e o th e r hand, i s b e lie v e d to be harmless t o human e a lt h . The mechanism by which fib ro u s a sb e sto s prom otes cancer form ation has n o t been determ ined, however, i t i s co n jectu red t h a t s y n e r g is tic e f f e c t o f a s b e s to s w ith v a r io u s p o llu t a n t (such a s c i g a r e t t e smoke) i s the major cause. A sb esto s ind u ced c a n c e r i s lim it e d to th o s e who work in a sb e sto s mines or -udv:.r,,'-ias ,,M ch p rod u ces a r b e s tc c p ro d u cts o r th o se who l i v e in tne v i c i n i t y o f asbestos mines and asb estos p ro cessin g in d u s tr ie s ( e .g . in d u s tria l processes i n which w orkers a c t u a l l y come i n co n ta ct w ith fib r o u s a s b e s t o s ) . A high p re v a le n c e o f a s b e s t o s is has a ls o been o b serv ed among co n s tu r c tio n w orkers who s p e c i a l i z e i n sp ra y i n s u la t io n o f b u ild in g s . The c o n tr a c tio n o f t h is typ e o f can cer u s u a ll y r e s u l t s from a 15-30 y ea r o f exp o su re and th e freq u en cy o f ca n cer o ccu rren ce 3 r e la t e d to th e dosage o f f ib r o u s a s b e s to s which i s many orders o f magnitude h igher than th a t observed in ambient background' a i r . 001332 fo p ft PRODUCED B Y FORD 2. Sources .' S c a . f ^. o ^ grfa^ms//m3T . 'T A recfenD*t t lrit e" r a' st u"r eb ir"evtie^w b yl s the Putbelidc Ht oea,,lth S ervice sta te s th at the b u i* o f airborne asbestos originates fr o n a tS a l u rc es such a s s o i l d u s t and l o c a l l y from a sb e sto s m ines and p ro cessin g p la n t s . L im ited amounts o f fib ro u s a sb e sto s a r e a ls o em itted from S H s e a fo th SS - Cem^ from h r i eT 7 f t e n aS Spra7 E l d i n g in s u la t io n . According to R atio n al Research.Council, autom otive contribution S d S S ^ nS^ 1 S - ! V t0 be neSl i 5i b l e because a sb e sto s fib e r s l1WhoOnoirj) tton7Sa n o7n -rfi-bKro1u11s1:6s11t3a6t eh.eat s e a t e d by th e b ra k in g p rocess (about 3 . Uses The t o t a l . S . a sb e sto s production i n 1965 vas 8 x 105 to n s . Cement, a W S e , rPaPKr ' + t h e r about 90% o f a s b e s to s consumption construction m aterials accounted for F ric tio n m a terials - - p rim a rily brake J T St i " ~ a CO Unted f 0 r 2 *8 x 1C* t o a a o r 3 - 5 % o f t h e t o t a l a s b e s t o s ** Brake Lining- Em ission Rates A t t e s t s have been made a t Ford to determ ine th e fib r o u s a sb e sto s em ission r a t e s from a la b o r a to r y b r a k e -lin in g t e s t sta n d . An e la b o r a te e le c tr o n m icroscope tech n iq u e i s u se d to i d e n t i f y the t i n y f i b e r s (about 1 x 10-6 i f 3 i am eter)- ur P relim in ary experiments in d ica te th a t there is very l i t t l e fib r o u s a sb e sto s p r e s e n t in b ra k e d u st. The f i b e r s a re l e s s than .5 u in le n g th and mo3t o f them a re converted t o a n o n -fib ro u s s t a t e by he process o f b rakin g. Our emission r a te estim ate i s v e r y clo se to the background ambient co n cen tration l e v e l s . 5 * Brake L in ing A lte r n a t e Mate-Hal a . l aSbeSi 3 ba3ed b ^ g 5 are few and a l l have some disadvan tages in terms o f e it h e r perform ance, c o st, or both. Ford has been using cermet i i t e f ed m 6ta1^ f o r heavy d u ty tru ck s and sem i-m et (m etal strand and ^ i 166 cars,b oth con tain in g no a s b e s to s . Beginning with brakes^ fnr^ e^ 7 e a r ! ? r d b5 been su p p ly in g o p tio n a l semi-met fro n t-en d to convent-1 P / k Semi-fflfit lin in g s a re s u p e r io r in performance I ! b r a k e - lin in g s (about e q u iv a le n t in term s o f cold -w ear and vnl f ' ' but " e c ? t Pen a ty i s se^ r e ($1 .'25/chr j u s t " f o r f r o it - e n d 'b r a k e s l. ' a re , ! ! 6XPa;unf n t l n g t b semi-met l i n i n g s f o r r e a r w h e e ls . However, there a re some c o ld -s to p p in g and wear d i f f i c u l t i e s a s s o c ia t e d w ith r e a r wheel semi-met i S gb r S e s y S e S ! Sent ^ ^ D eC6S3itat6 re d e sig n in g o f the re a r PRODUCED B Y FORD  PRODUCED B Y FORD  r * ^jj-j*ts-~-/-^-><i JL *--<j>, -X --\2-- i>sb-^ ~ - ^ \ - A ------------ * 7.* , i^L-g^UC - ^ ~ - ^ s f s L s v ^ l yU-Ovl/j) j^a22z^-ZL_ )j 3 <LTv>v g '^ -^ r -^JL^t^Jci_____ ' s& <^ ~n ^ ^ X ^ = c^ . J ^ X -^ cA _ X ) -T ^ ^ X T & ^ c L ------- --- -- - T - ;-------'-------- J ~ 'n 'V - / - r (_y_ j_a___b__ r ~ 7 t ^ ~ i- m^ j l .- <' \ ~ r f^ .^ sn ^ - _^=/^_ 000461 PRODUCED BY FORD