Document 7OKLpq8047o3aDK7RnYm0Rzm6

[AMERICAN NATIONAL] ANSI/ASTM C 14 - 77 ^STANDARD** AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St.. Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM If not listed in the current combined index, will appear in the next edition. Standard Specification for CONCRETE SEWER, STORM DRAIN, CULVERT PIPE1 This Standard is issued under the fixed designation C 14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or. in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of cul verts. Note 1 --The values stated in either U S. cus tomary units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Note 2-This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not in clude requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth coverload and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, con trolled manufacture in the plant, and care in the field construction work. The purchaser of the con crete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he tust properly correlate the field requirements with ie class of pipe specified and provide for or require adequate inspection in the manufacturing plant and at the construction site. 2. Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggre gates2 C 150 Specification for Portland Cement2 C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane- Forming Compounds for Curing Con crete2 C 443 Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe. Using Rubber Gaskets-1 C 497 Testing Concrete Pipe, Sections, or Tile1 C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements2 C 822 Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products1 3. Classification 3.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identi fied as "Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe." "Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe," and "Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe." The corresponding strength require ments are prescribed in Tables 1 and 1 A. 4. Basis of Acceptance 4.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the test pre scribed in this section, when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe con forms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects. 4.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties -- Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements as prescribed in 9.3. 4.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Proper ties--Pipe shall be acceptable under the ab sorption test when they have met the require ments as prescribed in 9.4. 4.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Proper ties-- Pipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the requirements as prescribed in 9.5. Note 3 --Prior to purchase the purchaser may specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 9.6 instead of the permeability test. 4.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Proper- 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct respon sibility of Subcommittee Cl 3.01 on Nonreinforced Sewer Pipe. Current edition approved Dec. 30, 1977. Published February 1978. Originally published C 14 - 17. Last previous edition C 14 - 75. 1 Annuat Book of ASTM Standards, Part 14. 1 Annuat Book ofASTM Standards. Part 16. 1 C 14 lies -- Pipe shall be acceptable under the hy drostatic test when they have met the require ments as prescribed in 9.6. 5. Materials 5.1 Cement -- Portland cement shall con form to the requirements of Specification C 150 or shall be portland blast-ftirnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con forming to the requirements of Specification C 595. 5.2 Aggregates -- Aggregates shall conform to Specification C 33, except that the require ment for graduation shall not apply. 5.3 Admixtures and Blends -- Admixtures and blends may be used with the approval of the purchaser. 6. Design 6.1 Design Tables -- Design requirements shall be in accordance with Tables 1 and 1A. Wall thickness used may be more than but not less than the value shown,, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design. 6.2 Modified or Special Design -- Manufac turers may submit to the purchaser for ap proval. prior to manufacture, wall thickness other than those shown in Tables 1 and 1A. Such pipe shall meet all of the test and performance requirements specified by the purchaser in accordance with Section 9. 7. Joints 7.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections are laid to gether they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow line, all compatible with the permissible variations given in Sec tion 10. 8. Manufacture 8.1 Mixture -The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with such proportions of cement and water as will produce a homo geneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. In no case, however, shall a proportion of portland ce ment in the mixture be less than 564 lb/yd3 or 330 kg/m3 of concrete. 8.2 Curing -- Pipe shall be subjected to an>' r one of the methods of curing described 8.2.1 through 8.2.4 or to any other method or combination of methods approved by the purchaser that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the specified strength requirement at 28 days or less. 8.2.1 Steam Curing -- Pipe may be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe. 8.2.2 Water Curing--Concrete pipe may be water-cured by covering with water-satu rated material or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified curing period. 8.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the methods described in 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 provided the specified strength is at tained. 8.2.4 Membrane Curing --A sealing mem brane conforming to the requirements Specification C 309 may be applied and le. intact until the specified strength require ments are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within 10F or 6C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the com pound is applied. 8.3 Specials: 8.3.1 General Requirements -- Special shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe conform ing to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes. 8.3.2 Fabricated Branches -- Fabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in such a 2 CTD014908 C 14 J manner as not to restrict or otherwise inter fere with the flow characteristics of the pipe. . Physical Requirements I 9.1 Test Specimen--The. pipe to be tested shall be selected by the purchaser or his representative, and shall be pipe that would , not otherwise be rejected under this specifi cation. The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the purchaser when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visible moisture. When dry, each pipe shall be measured and in spected. The results of these observations shall be recorded. 9.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required-- The manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorption tests, up to 0.5% of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe be furnished. For the permeability test, 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipe shall be fur nished. For the hydrostatic test, 0.5% of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipe shall be furnished. 9.3 External Load Crushing Test Require ments-- The crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Tables 1 and 1A. "he individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately so as to show the percentage that fails to conform to the requirements of each test. The crushing strength shall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purpose of test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Method C 497. Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength test requirements when all test pipe conform to the test requirements. Should any of the preliminary test pipe pro vided in 9.2 fail to meet the test requirements, then the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on two additional pipe of each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only when all of these retest pipe meet the strength requirements. 9.4 Absorption Test -When required by the purchaser, absorption shall be determined by either Method A or Method B in accord ance with Methods C 497 for the boiling absorption test and shall not exceed 9 % for Method A or 8.5 % for Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately so as to show the percentage that fails to conform to the re quirements of each test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Methods C 497. The number of absorption test specimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These test speci mens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. These specimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Method A specimen shall have an area of 12 to 20 in.2 or 77 to 129 cm2, as measured on one surface of the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be free of visible cracks. Pipes shall be acceptable under the absorption test when all test pipe conform to the test requirements. When not more than 20 % of the absorption test specimens fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe so that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and they shafl be acceptable if they conform to the test requirements. 9.5 Permeability-- When subject to the permeability test as specified in Methods C 497 the outer pipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall show no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to water passing through the walls of the pipe. When more than 20 % of the test pipe fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and they shall be accepted if they conform to the test requirements. If the second test fails the whole lot may be rejected. 9.6 Hydrostatic Tests -- If subjected to theinternal hydrostatic pressures of 10 psi or 70 kPa for 10 min as described in Methods C 497, 3 CTD014909 C 14 the pipe shall show no leakage. Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or beads adhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage. When not more than 20 % of the test pipe fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and they shall be accepted if they conform to the test require ments. If the second test fails, the whole lot may be rejected. 9.7 At the time of initial inspection, under the permeability test, if the pipe shows moist or damp spots on the outer surface of the pipe, the test shall be continued for a period not to exceed 24 h at the option of the manufacturer or seller. If the pipe shows no moist or damp spots on the outer surface of the pipe at some tme during the extended period, it shall be considered to have passed the test. 9.8 At the time of initial inspection, under the hydrostatic test, if the pipe shows leakage, the test shall be continued for a period not to exceed 24 h at the option of the manufacturer or seller. If the pipe shows no leakage, at some time during the extended period, it shall be considered to have passed the test. 9.9 When the hydrostatic test is used for acceptance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 8 of Specification C 443 the same joint test runs may be used as the basis of acceptance for the pipe hydrostatic test al lowed under 4.5 and 9.6 of this specification. 9.10 Defective Pipe -- Pipe that is observed to have cracks or other defects in form or dimensions in excess of the limits permitted in this specification, shall be discarded and replaced with additional pipe from the ship ment. 10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 10.1 Sizes and Dimensions -- Pipe shall be furnished of the sizes, internal diameters, and dimensions prescribed in Tables 1 and 1 A. 10.2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions -- Permissible variations in dimensions shall be limited to the following: 10.2.1 Internal Diameter--The internal di ameter shall not be more or less than the designated diameter by more than 3/i6 in. for pipe designated as 12 in. and under in diame ter; by more than '/* in. for pipe designatedas 15 or 18 in. in diameter; by more than V, in. for pipe designated as 21 in. in diameter; and by more than 3/ in. for pipe designated as 24 in. and over in diameter. Permissible variations utilizing SI units are as prescribed in Table 2A. 10.2.2 Thickness of Wall--The wall thick ness shall be not less than the values shown in Table 1 or 1A or the manufacturer's desig nated thickness if greater than shown in Table 1 or 1A by more than Vi* in. or 2 mm for pipe 10 in. or 250 mm or less in diameter; by more than '/ in. or 3 mm for pipe 12 to 24 in. or 300 to 600 mm in diameter; and by more than 3/i* in. or 5 mm for pipe more than 24 in. or 600 mm in diameter; or by more than 5 % of the tabulated or designated wall thickness, whichever is greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the physi cal test requirements specified herein are met. 10.2.3 Length-- The length of any section of pipe shall vary not more than -'h in. or -13 mm from a specified or designated design length. 10.2.4 Length of Two Opposite Sides--Tht length of two opposite sides of any section of pipe shall vary not more than '/in. or 6 mm or 2 % of the designated diameter, whichever is larger. 10.2.5 Straightness -- Pipe intended to be straight shall not vary in alignment more than `/g in ./ft or 10 mm/m of length. 11. Workmanship and Finish 11.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and excessive interior surface rough ness. 11.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, subject to the limits of variation as shown in 10.2.4. 12. Repairs 12.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of occasional imperfections in manu facture or injury during handling and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the purchaser, the repairs are sound and properly finished 4 CTD014910 and cured and the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of this specification. 13. Inspection 13.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and approval by an inspector employed by the purchaser. Such inspection may be per formed at the point of manufacture or deliv ery. 14. Rejection 14.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure to conform to any of the specification requirements. Individual sec tions of pipe may be rejected because of any of the following: 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall or joints, except that a single crack not exceeding 2 in. or 50 mm in length at either end of a pipe or a single fracture or spall in the joints not exceeding 3 in. or 75 mm around the circumference of the pipe nor 2 in. or 50 mm in length into joint shall not be considered cause for rejection unless these defects exist in more than 5 % of the entire shipment or delivery. 14.1.2 Defects that indicate imperfect mix ing and molding. 14.1.3 Cracks sufficient to impair the strength, durability, or serviceability of the pipe. 15. Marking 15.1 The following information shall be clearly marked on each pipe: 15.1.1 The pipe class and specification des ignation. 15.1.2 The date of manufacture. 15.1.3 The name or trademark of the man ufacturer. and 15.1.4 Identification of the plant. 15.2 Marking shall be indented on the pipe section or painted thereon with waterproof paint. TABLE 1 Phyrfcal tod DlacMioul Reqairvmeats for Noueiaforccd Concrete Pipe (U.S. Castomary Units)* Internal Des ignated Di ameter. in. Cass 1 Minimum Thickness of Wall. in. Minimum Strength. lbf/linear ft. ThreeEdge Bearing Class 2 Minimum Thickness of Wall, in. Minimum Strength, Ibf/lin- earn, Three- Edge Bearing Class 3 Minimum Thickness of Wall. in. Minimum Strength. Ibf/lin- ear ft. ThreeEdge Bearing 4 >/. 1500 6 Vt 1500 8 V* 1500 10 V. 1600 12 1 1800 15 1/* 2000 18 l'/2 2200 21 IV* 2400 24 2V 2600 27 3V* 2800 30 3'/! 3000 33 3'/. 3150 36 4 3300 */ 2000 V* 2000 '/. 2000 1 2000 1V, 2250 IV* 2600 2 3000 2 V* 3300 3 3600 4 3950 4V* 4300 4`/i 4400 4Vd 4500 v. 2400 2400 IVt 2400 IV. 2400 IV* 2600 lv* 2900 2V. 3300 2>/. 3850 VU 4400 4 4600 4 V* 4750 4'/i 4875 4V< 5000 < Subject to Tolerances in Section 10. 5 # C 14 TABLE IA Physical and Dimensional Reqairements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe (SI CoitsK Internal Des ignated Di ameter. mm 100 150 200 250 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 825 900 Class 1 Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 16 16 19 22 25 32 38 44 54 82 88 94 100 Minimum Strength. kN/lin- ear m. ThreeEdge Bearing 22.0 22.0 22.0 23.5 26.5 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 Class 2 Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 19 19 22 25 35 41 50 57 75 100 107 113 119 Minimum Strength, kN/lin- ear m, ThreeEdge Bearing 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 33.0 38.0 44.0 48.0 52.5 57.5 63.0 64.0 65.5 Cass 3 Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 19 22 29 32 44 47 57 69 94 100 107 113 119 Minimum Strength. kN/Iin- ear m. ThreeEdge Bearing 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 38.0 42.0 48.0 56.0 64.0 67.0 69.5 71.0 73.0 ' Subject to Tolerance in Section 10. TABLE 2A PerattefoAe Variation in Internal Diameter (SI Units) Designated Di ameter of Pipe, mm Permissible Variation. Internal Di ameter of Pipe Minimum, mm Maximum, mm 100 100 no 150 150 160 200 200 210 250 250 260 300 300 310 375 375 390 450 450 465 525 525 545 600 600 620 675 675 695 750 750 775 825 825 850 900 900 925 The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection *tth any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk ofinfringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. 6 CTD014912 [AMERICAN NATIONAL! ANSI/ASTMC 14- 77 VH STANDARDISE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM If not listed in the current combined index, will appear in the next edition. Standard Specification for CONCRETE SEWER, STORM DRAIN, CULVERT PIPE' This Standard is issued under the fixed designation C 14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or. in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of cul verts. Note 1--The values stated in either U.S. cus tomary units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Note 2 -This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not in clude requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between earth coverload and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, con trolled manufacture in the plant, and care in the field construction work. The purchaser of the con crete pipe specified herein is cautioned that he ust properly correlate the field requirements with ,e class of pipe specified and provide for or require adequate inspection in the manufacturing plant and at the construction site. 2. Applicable Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggre gates2 C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane- Forming Compounds for Curing Con crete3 C 443 Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sew'er and Culvert Pipe. Using Rubber Gaskets3 C 497 Testing Concrete Pipe, Sections, or Tile3 C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 822 Definitions of Terms Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3 3. Classification 3.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identi fied as "Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe." "Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe." and "Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe." The corresponding strength require ments are prescribed in Tables 1 and 1 A. 4. Basis of Acceptance 4.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the test pre scribed in this section, when required, and by inspection to determine whether the pipe con forms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects. 4.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties -- Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements as prescribed in 9.3. 4.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properites -- Pipe shall be acceptable under the ab sorption test when they have met the require ments as prescribed in 9.4. 4.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Proper ties--Pipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the requirements as prescribed in 9.5. Note 3 --Prior to purchase the purchaser may specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 9 .6 instead of the permeability test. 4.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Proper- ' This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct respon sibility of Subcommittee 03.0i on Nonreinforced Sewer Pipe. Current edition approved Dec. 30. 1977 Published' February 1978. Originally published C 14 - 17. Last previous edition C 14-75. * Annual Book ofASTM Standards. Part 14. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 16 1 CTD014913 C 14 /r>5- -- Pipe shall be acceptable under the hy drostatic test when they have met the require ments as prescribed in 9.6. 5. Materials 5.1 Cement --Portland cement shall con form to the requirements of Specification C 1 50 or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con forming to the requirements of Specification C 595. 5.2 Aggregates -- Aggregates shall conform to Specification C 33. except that the require ment for graduation shall not apply. 5.3 Admixtures and Blends -- Admixtures and blends may be used with the approval of the purchaser. 6. Design 6.1 Design Tables -- Design requirements shall be in accordance with Tables 1 and 1A. Wall thickness used may be more than but not less than the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design. 6.2 Modified or Special Design -- Manufac turers may submit to the purchaser for ap proval. prior to manufacture, wall thickness other than those shown in Tables 1 and 1A. Such pipe shall meet all of the test and performance requirements specified by the purchaser in accordance with Section 9. 7. Joints 7.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed that when the sections are laid to gether they will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interior free of appreciable irregularities in the flow line, all compatible with the permissible variations given in Sec tion 10. 8. Manufacture 8.1 Mixture -- The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and thoroughly mixed in a batch mixer with such proportions of cement and water as will produce a homo geneous concrete mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. In no case, however, shall a proportion of portland ce ment in the mixture be less than 564 Ib/yd3 or 330 kg/m3 of concrete. 8.2 Curing -- Pipe shall be subjected to an" one of the methods of curing described 8.2.1 through 8.2.4 or to any other method or combination of methods approved by the purchaser that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be cured for a sufficient length of time so that the concrete will develop the specified strength requirement at 28 days or less. 8.2.1 Steam Curing --Pipe may be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as may be needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe. 8.2.2 Water Curing --Concrete pipe may be water-cured by covering with water-satu rated material or by a system of perforated pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified curing period. 8.2.3 The manufacturer may, at his option, combine the methods described in 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 provided the specified strength is at tained. 8.2.4 Membrane Curing --A sealing mem brane conforming to the requirements Specification C 309 may be applied and It. intact until the specified strength require ments are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within 10F or 6C of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp when the com pound is applied. 8.3 Specials: 8.3.1 General Requirements -- Special shapes or fittings such as wyes. tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe conform ing to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internal diameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes. 8.3.2 Fabricated Branches -- Fabricated branches for wyes and tees shall be securely attached to the wall of the pipe in such a C 14 manner as not to restrict or otherwise inter fere with the flow characteristics of the pipe. . Physical Requirements 9.1 Test Specimen --The pipe to be tested shall be selected by the purchaser or his representative, and shall be pipe that would not otherwise be rejected under this specifi cation. The selection shall be made at the point or points designated by the purchaser when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from all visible moisture. When dry. each pipe shall be measured and in spected. The results of these observations shall be recorded. 9.2 Xumber and Type of Test Specimens Required --The manufacturer or seller shall furnish pipe for crushing and absorption tests, up to 0.591- of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, except that in no case shall less than two pipe be furnished. For the permeability test. 2 % of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than" two pipe shall be fur nished. For the hydrostatic test. 0.5% of the number of pipe of each size included in the order, but in no case less than two pipe shall be furnished. 9.3 External Load Crushing Test Require ments--The crushing strength of nonreinforced concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Tables 1 and 1A. 'he individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe and for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately so as to show the percentage that fails to conform to the requirements of each test. The crushing strength shall ordinarily be applied to not less than 75 % of the pipe received for purpose of test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Method C 497. Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength test requirements w hen all lest pipe conform to the test requirements. Should any of the preliminary test pipe pro vided in 9.2 fail to meet the test requirements, then the manufacturer will be allowed a retest on two additional pipe of each pipe that failed, and the pipe hall he acceptable only when all of these retest pipe meet the strength requirements. 9.4 Absorption 7cs7 --When required by the purchaser, absorption shall be determined hv either Method A or Method 8 in accord ance with Methods C 497 for the boiling absorption test and shall not exceed 9 % for Method A or 8.5 % for Method B. The individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately so as to show the percentage that fails to conform to the re quirements of each test. All tests shall be made in accordance with Methods C 497. The number of absorption test specimens shall be equal to the number of pipe provided for crushing strength testing. These test speci mens shall be obtained from pipe that are acceptable as to strength, and shall be taken from pipe used in making the strength test after the test is made. These specimens shall be marked with the number or identification mark of the pipe from which they were taken. Each Method A specimen shall have an area of 12 to 20 in.- or 77 to 129 cm-, as measured on one surface of the pipe, and a thickness equal to the pipe wall, and shall be free of visible cracks. Pipes shall be acceptable under the absorption test when all test pipe conform to the test requirements. When not more than 20 % of the absorption test specimens fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe so that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and they shall be acceptable if they conform to the test requirements. 9.5 Permeability-- When subject to the permeability test as specified in Methods C 497 the outer pipe surface of not less than 80 % of the pipe tested shall show no moist or damp spots at the end of the test period due to water passing through the walls of the pipe. When more than 2U % of the test pipe fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate w hatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and thev shall be accepted if they conform to the test requirements. If the second test fails the whole lot may be rejected. 9 6 Hydrostatic Tests -- If subjected to the internal hydrostatic pressures of 10 psi or 70 kPa for 10 min as described in Methods C 497. 3 CTD014915 C 14 the pipe shall show no leakage. Moisture appearing on the surface of the pipe in the form of patches or beads adhering to the surface shall not be considered leakage. When not more than 20 % of the test pipe fail to pass the requirements of this section, the manufacturer may cull his stock and may eliminate whatever quantity of pipe he desires and must so mark those pipe that they will not be shipped. The required tests shall be made on the balance of the order and they shall be accepted if they conform to the test require ments. If the second test fails, the whole lot may be rejected. 9.7 At the time of initial inspection, under the permeability test, if the pipe shows moist or damp spots on the outer surface of the pipe, the test shall be continued for a period not to exceed 24 h at the option of the manufacturer or seller. If the pipe shows no moist or damp spots on the outer surface of the pipe at some tme during the extended period, it shall be considered to have passed the test. 9.8 At the time of initial inspection, under the hydrostatic test. if the pipe shows leakage. the test shall be continued for a period not to exceed 24 h at the option of the manufacturer or seller. If the pipe shows no leakage, at some time during the extended period, it shall be considered to have passed the test. 9.9 When the hydrostatic test is used for acceptance of the pipe joint as specified in Section 8 of Specification C 443 the same joint test runs may be used as the basis of acceptance for the pipe hydrostatic test al lowed under 4.5 and 9.6 of this specification. 9.10 Defective Pipe -- Pipe that is observed to have cracks or other defects in form or dimensions in excess of the limits permitted in tnis specification, shall be discarded and replaced with additional pipe from the ship ment. 10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations 10.1 Sizes and Dimensions -- Pipe shall be furnished of the sizes, internal diameters, and dimensions prescribed in Tables 1 and 1A. 10.2 Permissible Variations in Dimensions -- Permissible variations in dimensions shall be limited to the following: 10.2.1 Internal Diameter -- The internal di ameter shall not be more or less than the designated diameter by more than 3/it in. for pipe designated as 12 in. and under in diame ter; by more than '/< in. for pipe designated as 15 or 18 in. in diameter; by more than 9, in. for pipe designated as 21 in. in diameter; and by more than 3/a in. for pipe designated as 24 in. and over in diameter. Permissible variations utilizing SI units are as prescribed in Table 2A. 10.2.2 Thickness of Wall--The wall thick ness shall be not less than the values shown in Table 1 or 1A or the manufacturer's desig nated thickness if greater than shown in Table 1 or 1A by more than '/i. in. or 2 mm for pipe 10 in. or 250 mm or less in diameter; by more than 'It in. or 3 mm for pipe 12 to 24 in. or 300 to 600 mm in diameter; and by more than 3/k> in. or 5 mm for pipe more than 24 in. or 600 mm in diameter; or by more than 5 % of the tabulated or designated wall thickness, whichever is greater. Localized variations in wall thickness exceeding those specified above shall be accepted if the physi cal test requirements specified herein are met. 10.2.3 Length-- The length of any section of pipe shall vary not more than in. or -13 mm from a specified or designated design length. 10.2.4 Length of Two Opposite Sides-- The length of two opposite sides of any section of pipe shall vary not more than 'U in. or 6 mm or 2 % of the designated diameter, whichever is larger. 10.2.5 Straightness -- Pipe intended to be y straight shall not vary in alignment more than 'It in./ft or 10 mm/m of length. 11. Workmanship and Finish 11.1 Pipe shall be substantially free of fractures and excessive interior surface rough ness. 11.2 The planes of the ends of the pipe shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, subject to the limits of variation as shown in 10.2.4. 12. Repairs 12.1 Pipe may be repaired, if necessary, because of occasional imperfections in manu facture or injury during handling and will be acceptable if. in the opinion of the purchaser, the repairs are sound and properly finished CTD014916 C 14 and cured and the repaired pipe conforms to the requirements of this specification. 13. Inspection 13.1 The quality of all materials and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and approval by an inspector employed b> the purchaser. Such inspection may be per formed at the point of manufacture or delivery. 14. Rejection 14.1 Pipe shall be subject to rejection on account of failure to conform to any of the specification requirements. Individual sec tions of pipe may be rejected because of any of the following: 14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall or joints, except that a single crack not exceeding 2 in. or 50 mm in length at either end of a pipe or a single fracture or spall in the joints not exceeding 3 in. or 75 mm around the circumference of the pipe nor 2 in. or 50 mm in length into joint shall not be considered cause for rejection unless these defects exist in more than 5 'r of the entire shipment or delivery. 14.1.2 Defects that indicate imperfect mix ing and molding. 14.1.3 Cracks sufficient to impair the strength, durability, or serviceability of the pipe. 15. Marking 15.1 The following information shall be clearly marked on each pipe: 15.1.1 The pipe class and specification des ignation. 15.1.2 The date of manufacture. 15.1.3 The name or trademark of the man ufacturer. and 15.1.4 Identification of the plant. 15.2 Marking shall be indented on the pipe section or painted thereon with waterproof paint. TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe (U.S. Customary Units)' Internal Des ignated Di ameter. in. 4 6 8 10 12 15 18 21 24 27 3n 33 36 Class 1 Minimum Thickness of Wail, in Minimum Strength. Ibf/lin- ear ft. ThreeEdge Bearing * 1500 ' i 1500 1500 '8 1600 1 1800 l1 ;4 2000 1 2200 l>;. 2400 2''i 2600 31'* 2800 V': 3000 V-* 3150 4 3300 Class 2 Minimum Thickness of Wall. in. >'4 J/d 1 P/i IVi 2 2*u 3 4 4`/d 4'/: 4J` Minimum Strength. Ibf/ltn- ear ft. ThreeEdge Bearing 2000 2000 2000 2000 2250 2600 3000 3300 3600 3950 4300 4400 4500 Class 3 Minimum Thickness of Wall. in. '-4 I1 1 11 4 1J'4 1* * 2' ' 4 1),4 3J/* 4 4'.'4 41.; 4J.-4 Minimum Strength. Ibf/lin- ear n. ThreeEdge Bearing 2400 2400 2400 2400 2600 2900 3300 3850 4400 4600 4750 4875 5000 ` Suh)co to Tolerances in Section 10. 5 CTD014917 # C 14 TABLE 1A Phtsfcal and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe (SI Units)' Internal Des ignated Di ameter. mm 1110 l Ml 200 250 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 825 900 Class 1 Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 16 16 19 >*> 25 32 38 44 54 82 88 94 ino Minimum Strength. kN/lin- ear m. ThreeEdge Bearing 22.0 22.0 22.0 23.5 26.5 29.0 32.0 35.0 38.0 41 0 44.0 46.0 48.0 Class: Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 19 19 *? 25 35 41 50 57 75 100 107 113 119 Minimum Strength. kN/lin- ear m. ThreeEdge Bearing 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 33.0 38.0 44.0 48.0 52.5 57.5 63.0 64.0 65.5 Class 3 Minimum Thickness of Wall, mm 19 i-y 29 32 44 47 57 69 94 100 107 113 119 Minimum Strength. kN/lin- ear m. ThreeEdge Bearing 35.0 35 0 35 0 35 0 38.0 42.0 48.0 56.0 64 0 67.0 69 5 71 0 73 0 4 Subject to Tolerance in Section 10- TABLE 2A Permissible Variation in Internal Diameter (SI Units) Designated Di ameter of Pipe, mm 100150 200 250 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 825 900 Permissible Variation. Internal Di ameter of Pipe Minimum, mm 100 150 200 250 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 825 900 Maximum, mm 110 160 210 260 310 390 465 545 620 695 775 850 925 Tht American St>cielv for Teams and Materials takes no position respet tins the validity of an\patent rights asserted in < onnection u nh anv item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination ,,f the validity of an\ such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights is entirely their o h n responsibility 6 CTD014918