Document 7ODe2exBOqXQabNRGRmXBEmgg

Vf ?V8304 REFERENCE FILE Table Z-2 (c) Methods o! compliance--(1) En- Material 8-hour time weighted everage Acceptable ceiling concentration Acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable ceiling concentre* tlon for an 8-hour shift. Concentration Maximum duration gincering methods. U> Engineering con trols. Engineering controls, such as. but not limited to. isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dust collection, shall be used to meet the exposure limits (Z37.?ft-19?r . top p.m........ 1 Snt.M*........... . 0.7 mg./M*___ 0 a irtc /\t* 60 p.p.m., ...... 10 minutes. . 25 mR./M1.. prescribed in paragraph <b) of this section. (il> Local exhaust ventilation, (a) Carbon disulfide <74? 3-1988)......... Carbon tetrachloride (747.17-1987). .. 0.1 mg./M*___ ... 0 Inif M'........... . 20 p.p.m........ .... 30 p.p.m............. lOOp.p.m: ...... 30 minutes. . 10 p p.nt........ . 200 p.p.m. ..........6 minutes In Any 4 Ilours. Local exhaust ventilation and dust col lection systems shall be designed, con structed. Installed, and maintained in 20 p.p.m........ ... 30p.p.m___ .... 80 p.p.m.. ...... 6 minute*. Ethylene dlchlorlde (Z37.21-1969)................. 60 p p.m. . 200 p.p.in. .26 nig /M*. ... Any 3 hours. Formaldehyde (Z37.18-IU87)........ Hydrogen fluoride (747.28-1980). Hydrogen sulQde (747.2-1906).... .. 3 p.p.m.......... ... 3 o u m . 10 v p.m.. ..........30 minutes. . 20 p.p.m............... . 60 p.p.m............. 10 minutes ones Lead and its inorganic compounds 0.2 mg/m* other measur* able exposure occurs. accordance with the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems. ANSI Z9.2-1971, which is in corporated by reference herein. (5) See 5 1W0.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the maintenance of a historic file In connec tion therewith. The address of the Amer (Z 37.11-1969) Mercury (Z37.8-197L).................................................................... 1 mg./lOM ............................................. Mcthvl Chloride <7.37 IR-1969) ................. lOOp.p.m........ 200 p.p.m................ 300 p.p.m............6 mlnutos In any 3 hours. Methylene Chloride <Z37 2319691 ................... 600 p.p.m........ 1,000 p.p.m............. 2,000 p.p.m.........6 mlnutos In any 2 hour*. Orjtano (alkyl) mercury (Z37.3O-1900)......... 0.01 mg./M*... 0 04 mg./M*............................................ Styrene (Z37.15-1969)....................................... lOOp.p.m........ 200 p.p.m............... 600 p.p.m............6 minutes In onv 3 hours. ican National Standards Institute Is given in $ 1910.100. (lii> Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph fb) of this section, Telrachloroethylene (Z37.22-I967)..................100 r p m.......... 200 p p m................ V)0 p p .... .............. 8 minutes In imv 3 houn. Toluene (Z37.12-19671 .................................... 200 p.p.m........ 300 p p.m............... ioi) p p m.............. 10 minutes. such as. but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro Trichloroethylene (747.19-1967)...................... lOflppm ___ 200 p p m ............... 300 p.p.in........ 6 minutes In vided with local exhaust ventilation sys any 2 hours. tems in accordance with subdivision <il) 1 Occupational exposures to benzene are subject to the requirements of Section 1910 1028 except as specifically exempted by Section I9l0.1028(ai(2). Exposures exempted by Section 1910.1028(a)(2) are covered by this Section 1910.1000. of this subparagraph. [Footnote to Table Z-2 added at 43 FR 5963, February 10, 1978; entry on Lead deleted from Table (2) Work practices--ft) Wet methods. Z-2 at 43 FR 52952, November 14, 1978, effective February 1, 1979; official corrections at 43 FR Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be 57601, December 8, 1976; entry on Lead returned to table at 44 FR 14554, March 13, 1979J handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. Tahle 7 ..1--Mineral Duals Substance Silica- Crystalline: Quartz (respirable/................ Mpprf 250 1 Mg/M1 lOmg/M* - Aerodynamic diameter (unit density sphere) 2 26 3.5 8.0 10 I'errcut pussing selector 00 76 80 25 0 scored, or otherwise worked In a v.Ct state sufficient to prevent *.h9 emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed In paragraph <b) of this section, unless the usefulness of tiic product would be diminished thereby. Quartz (total dust)..................................... Cristoballle Use the value calculated from the count nr mu* formulae for quartz. Tndymltr Use 1$ the valua calculated from ihc for mulae for quartz. Amorphous. Including natural dlatomaceous earth.................. 20 8U!ratcs (leas than 1% crys talline silica): Mica......................................... . 20 Soapstone............................... Tn1r(non-ast<los form) 20 20m Talc (flhrou*). Use asbestos limit .. ... TrcmnlUe hco tale, fibrous) Portion'! cement................... . 80 Oraphlte (natural)................... 16 Coal dust (respirable fraction leas than 8% SIOj)...................................... For more than S% SlOi............................... %StO+2 The measurements under this note refer to the use of an AKC Instrument. If the respirable frnrtion of coal dut Is determined with a M ItE (he figure corresponding to i hat of 2 I M?,MJ m the table f,>r coal dust Is 4.5 Mg/M*. IOffici.il correction to Table Z-3 at 43 FR 571101. Occonibgr 8.-19.781 1910.10(^1 Asbestos. ia) DefirttHons--FW'the purpose of this section, il> "Asbestos" includes 80rog/M chrysotile. amoslte, crocidolite, tremo%sio, life, anthophyllite, and actinollte. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard effective July 7. 1972. The 8-hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed 2.1mg/M shall not exceed five fibers, longer than or lOmg/M* 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre- (Ill Particular products and opera tions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing. grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne asbestos fibers In excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. f~~ (iii) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulated with asbestos, and In the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment in accord ance with paragraph fd)<2)(lil) of this Inert or Nulsnnce Dust: . Respirable fraction____ Total dust..................... . %bioi+i scribed in paragraph (e) of this section. m/M> (2) Standard effective July 1. 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average air- section and with special clothing in ac cordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. ----------- Norr: Conversion factor* -- mpprfX38.3-tiillltnit p-iritde* per cubic meter PurUcltM jut c.c. Million* m |arll,le< |w>r ruble fool of-olr bused on tmplnger sample* counted by lliditdhld lerlinles 1 The iwceiilufft of rry*iulhit4> silica In tbe (orimiln Is tho amount determine! from alr-boma samples, ex. cept In those lust.'pu rs |u which other method* have been Shown In be applb tible rtnth coiurnuaf ion and percent qtuirii for the appllCiillon of t)i Is ii mil are In In* it >-termini I from I be fim l Inn passing a slre-selrctnr wuh the fnllnuiim MintacleristI. * Containing < i% quarts; If > \r/t quartz, uso qunrtz limit. borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre scribed In paragraph (e) of this section. (3) Ceiling concentration. No em ployee shall be exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers In excess of 10 fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic ccnllmcler of air. as determined by the method pre (d> Personal profeefiue equipment-- (1) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph <b> of this sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees, except; r 11 During the lime period necessary to install the engineering controls and to lnstltutr the work practices required by paragraph (ci of this section: ill) III work .situations in which the scribed hi paragraph (e) of this section. methods prescribed In paragraph (c) ol Occupationol Safety & Health Reporter [See. 1910.1001(d)m(u)] 74 McGCon 9058 'OXIC SUBSTANCES S-131 31:8305 this section are either technically not feasible or feasible to an extent Insuffi cient to reduce the airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers below the limits prescribed by paragraph (bi of this section: or (ill) In emergencies. (iv) Where both respirators and per sonnel rotation are allowed by subdivi sions (i), (il), or (lii) of this subpara graph, and both are practicable, person nel rotation shall be preferred and used. (2) Where a respirator is permitted by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, it shall be selected from among those ap proved by the Bureau of Mines, Depart ment of the Inter.or.'or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health, Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of 30 CFR Part H (37 F.R. 6244, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subparagraph. (i) Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying resnirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (il) or (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b> of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (ii) Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, (tlioselimits. Type "C" supplied-air respirators. continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand, suppUed-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. (iv) Establishment of a respirator pro gram. (a) The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American Na tional Standards Practices for Respira tory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-1969, which is incorporated by reference herein. b. See 5 1910.6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the main tenance of an historic file in connection therewith. The address of the American National Standards Institute is given in $ 1910.100. (c) No employee shall be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if, based upon his most recent examination, an examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally wearing a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by his use of a respirator. Such employee shall be rotated to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity, status, and rate of pay he had just prior to such transfer, if such a different position is available. < ~n) pnprial clothing- The employer shall provide, and require the use of, spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place. (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (iii) Laundering: la) Laundering of asbestos contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (b> Any employer who gives asbestos- contaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement in (a) of this, subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph (g) of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 X (magnification) (4 millimeter objective) with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi cation of this section, every employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em ployer shall Immediately undertake a compliance program in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. <CSX?ersonol--mnnitgrina--(l) Sam ples shall be collectedirona' within the breathmg zone of the employees, on membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer po rosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8-hour timeweighted average airborne concentra tions and of the celling concentrations of asbestos fibers. <li) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of em ployees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(1) samples shall be collected from areas of a work environment which are represent ative of the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder. Samples shall be taken for the determination of the 8hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determinations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives, shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs, (i) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps be fore entering the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to areas containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers.______ __________ ___ -- C7il) Sian specifications. JThe warning signsrequirea Dy subdivision (t) of this subparagraph shall conform to the re quirements of 20" x 14" vertical format signs specified in 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. Legend Notation Asbestos ____ Dust Hazard 1" Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. ^4" Sans Serif. Gothic or Block. Avoid Breathing Dust___ 4" Gothic. Wear Assigned Protective V Gothic. Equipment. Do Not Remain In Area >/i " Gothic. Unless Your Work Re quires It. [Sec. 1910.1001 (gldMiill 11-16-78 Published by THE BUREAU OE NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 McGCon 9059 31:8306 REFERENCE FILE Legend Notation Breathing Asbestoe Dust 14 point Oothlc. Me; Be Hazardous To Tour Health. Spacing between lines snail be at least equal to the height of the upper of any two lines. (2) Caution labels--(i) Labeling. Cau tion labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released. (il) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shall be printed In letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious BodU; Harm (h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing, consigned for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, processing, dis posal, or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of In sealed impermeable bags, panther rlpsert imnermeahle containers. ( (1) Recordkeeping-J(l) Exposure rec- ords. Every cmptoygfshall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section. Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be made avail able upon request to the Assistant Sec retary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. [ 1910.1 OOltiHn amended at 41 FR 11505. March 19, 19761 (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph (11 of this paragraph, whicn indicates the em ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. ` (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b> of this section shall be notified in writing of the expo sure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of the cor rective action being taken. !/J) Medical examinations---h) Gen- eraT. 1716 empluyyTsKail'plWille or make available at his cost, medical examina tions relative to exposure to asbestos re quired by this paragraph. (2) Preplacement. The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calendar days fol lowing his first employment in an occupation exposed to '.irborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medical examination, which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced explratonmolume-at-4-second (FEV,.0). (3) Annual examinations.JDn or be- fore'"Jamiary-3rr 1973, and-at least an nually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1.0). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to Include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.,). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination is required of any em ployee, If adequate records show that the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Medical records--(1) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (11) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Oc cupational Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physicians and medical consultants of either of them, and upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the examined employee all the information specifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information related to oc cupational exposure to asbestos fibers. ISection 1910.93a added at 36 FR 23207, December 7, 1971, as emergency temporary standard: issued as permanent standard at 37 FR 11318, June 7, 1972, effective July 7, 1972: redesignated Section 1910.1001 at 40 FR 23072, May 28, 1975) 1910.1002 Coal tar pitch volatiles; in terpretation of term. As used in Sec. 1910.1000 (Table Z-l), coal tar pitch volatiles include the fused poly cyclic hydrocarbons which volatilize from the distillation residues of coal, petroleum, wood, and other organic mat ter. [37 FR 24749 Effective November 21, 19721 1910.1003 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area in which 4-Nitrobiphenyl, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 92933 is manu factured, processed, repackaged, re leased, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment in sealed con tainers, except for the labeling require ments under paragraphs (e) (2), (3), and (4) of this section. (2) This section shall not apply to solid or liquid mixtures containing less than 0.1 percent by weight or volume of 4-Nitrobipheny1. (b) Definitions. For the purposes of this section: (1) "Absolute filter" is one capable of retaining 99.97 percent of a mono disperse aerosol of 0.3 pm particles. (2) "Authorized employee" means an employee whose duties require him to be in the regulated area and who has been specifically assigned by the employer. (3) "Clean change room" means a room where employees put on clean clothing and/or protective equipment in an environment free of 4-Nitrobiphenyl. The clean change room shall be con tiguous to and have an entry from a shower room, when the shower room facilities are otherwise required in this section. (4) "Closed system" means an opera tion involving 4-Nitrobiphenyl where containment prevents the release of 4Nltroblphenyl into regulated areas, nonregulated areas, or the external environ ment.. (5) "Decontamination" means the in activation of 4-Nltrobiphenyl or its safe disposal. (6) "Director" means the Director, National ' Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or any person di rected by him or the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to act for the Director. (7) "Disposal" means the safe re moval of 4-Nltrobiphenyl from the work environment. (8) "Emergency" means an unforseen circumstance or set of circumstances re sulting in the release of 4-Nltroblphenyl which may result in exposure to or con tact with 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (9) "External environment" means any environment external to regulated and nonregulated areas. (10) "Isolated system" means a fully enclosed structure other than the vessel of containment of 4-Nitrobiphenyl, Occupational Sofety & Health Reporter [Sec. 1910.1003(b) (10)1 190 McGCon 9060