Document 7O7d88rLbRO1pZ0JEyxK7op2j

l THE CONCENTRATION OF LEAD IN THE PLASMA OF HUMAN BLOOD IN RELATION mo EXPOSURE TO LEAD, LuAD INTOXICATION, Aim THE ADI-IINIETT. AT ION OF BAL Henry W. Ryder*, Jacob Cholak*21, and E. A. Kehoe2 It is commonly inferred that the concentration of lead in the as it does in the whole blood, Qf plasma of the blood increases/with an increase ih^Sbsorption/ lead on the part of experimental animals or men. It has also been supposed that such an increase occurs in association with the onset , and thcl-r associates (1 and development of lead intoxication/,.and: Smith and Kathwei]/believed increase. they found evidence of such an as2LB3gaBna^bsi^. (Previous work in this field has been summarized by Bambach, Kehoe and Logan (l; in their study of the plasma-cell partition of lead in the blood of rabbits.) : r) Analytical data gathered over a period of years 3eemed to justify doubt as to the validity of such inferences, and the matter has been investigated systematically by measuring the concentration of lead in the plasma of persons with different degrees of exposure to lead, with and without lead poisoning, and of men in whose blood the concentration dithiopropanol of lead has been altered quickly by the administration of^BAL). The quantities of lead in samples of plasma obtained from the blood of four groups of men observed in the years 194 p-1947 Have been determined,, .and ithe, results. 1. 19 Garfield;Place, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. N 24974 ? or.a or, et 0 1.C n& : v^-2. 0.0,Cl .iP :1p c : rd .ric.-ir.ietioauiy, in a c -s o -, ' o -j - -y> ti - 0 -- ' rei n./.- n_\ e^ .j crs i; ,;o " 2 ; e o-.1-5 ' . Ci , i o r; i r ao . jo ' I .n -- r?ane. rj r* -n r, T n : i ' ' - -: i . .1 n b ' r cl i c a ii" r ~~ 1 c o nee. -crc ; - z a c-x.i.ot : <= nus 1/sec. " e t a t i .3 f, i c a 1 that besend I'or tneir **nIid!.t-- IP C'5CC-HC 3 . r ? e of .scatterin' oicic; "cs -.a c 'c Ic c 'mp of' tne ''crf'^ntrptlon. cue rata are cracsi orneci c-.. o _ar , c:.^is , n re ae v i.as i zi. a re n s l or. ai*e < _ . j. . i . : o r. o e i i r a t i on (hie-, lb ana ko) rata c.,?se oovert inua ilotioal ir.3fchoas ive efficient end .Anbiasod estl:r :S yaracietsrs that characterise t;ie fata.' chic t.:e errors of t.ae analytical ,,,etnoa2 ax-? rfl-iciv5. rctner bn an .icccljc? can be also visualised, c ' ex ?re ssirr- ^ ?e a. xunt found in cancl^ Ci .X w u1 e .aiesncua o. .' cuna ;.r .vim.'.e ! r mta :i':n tic aecojid oaniu ent, are -ilosted iO:' 91 UC .licv rut i. an LO .a...u air. -i.r I 01891 rCi c r r ^ 5 ci' .re ;ar"j ,.e'"j;*3 'Vr roups ex ::an, cn = -r ou >s o o: ibir.ed ". 3 s pscitro ` i's ri c-i ~ : i~cr!3 ol ffer-ences -.rpa : , . - o i ri .3 columns 1 and 1 relate <o fc.it efcv/e-en consecutive s articles as estimated. by eacn r.et-: ie i ir.~r 6:1 . n J.G..11 Cdoi; Mi xH xerj GOi icn !*no -r t nil" sample \va s loss man that in toe second; xe leans of t ce ri.rct -lanolas mere e>3.2;.- ana oa, ,1 cono, onr-t r\o ere -e . t>ucii differences ore founn fre-. aentl on cos basis of ca^nce, os s:x;n n : "r.:: tea' c.f samples .. and & oere analyzed tne sane a a/, ao.ole ,;as aianaled separately after it not collectca absence of a; significant sear ciffersnce c* i O C .ndicates til t there is no cent a mration i-esraoin ir on tr ecu ctx.cn ^toe --e ti le into tne min; cne 'ico.; i -c ere a Lie no' j_` n o - i n C 0 ;3 ' ^ 07* nr^ f.*^ ier; iithenja t u ,,i.so(ie r cncn n o .13 v h r unce c t s > t 1 a f. i tic o' 1 nt * a, UP. ? > .V' ) . n uWgI.Li .J, T A 1 01392 oWO iLL.v.. 1 J -/ 1C -l 1 ' . 3 U .101 i 7 1'H.d. ~ 'a ;-.-i. 6 p-i~ ; - *-p . > > ( * , > M'ri.J p If i t p.". o rt an c e is t r s peer t - -a ->= ..3 'i'' f ys tern at I: if fersrce cec ?9n ths tv/"> .e tomi . ' -> - n, -') is s pec or or:ra phi c -.at ho a runrirr- 57 .3 . T. ^ ^ ' on one cv-=r:ape. -xa.'inatlor. ofl one ori. inai nna '' 1-Vo ~ .a ! i -Ov;s t.iis to 03 due ir; lame cart to one low s ?ec cro-raoni re suit s on tns rxv? )ies of l!:ron, anu c .? last on nul , in ootn on::.piss A ana f. osople3 analysed spactroscopica on otner* nsn none the sane nates -ere not v-nlfor;r.l low. The wo 1 no of chs sa:r. cles aralnea as a1 , -ii.U <nr.A cs yn - atior.s ojf lead round were one sa-r^as -.Low fou; in other i,en: in the nrouo. i'he su.v.oles taken tor were alio sots of tsose taken for the colororr.etr i c araloui: the discrepancy could not have been cue to the and diluting'- of the say cles. .these two Ter, ha:, ruh a different type of exposure to leu a c.ian *ny of tn.e other keo, wl trout a jci.sk, -..si rip air ...c inters anu cor ones humanclinc a factor./ iornerly used in tn..s nanufa cture of -.it 3 lord py t . o "Old jPutch" -rocess. they we re .ten . r cos 3 nee .> j.tn j'/- j "h r*) )i?s r.sn one sc licte-.i ootairiea on 3rc; dul -/os couuied Tor* .or-? fol' o '/ Lii 'o3ur s, o-scause or" ere oe "3iscenc? o `.7:11 C-l nsuxti . 0 2Tc.mt I'lst stated w9 s an eoor io.^1 >0 '. { r* ~ ~ r, a i OO O A 1 :oae 01 acute *aad 00 i serin". 116 3 0 0 X''**' 3 i ne i. L o t 0 rl "i 0 C '1 f I3 ' , 1X o )In G 73">'>0 aXiOJ.'' ur ir." a i n t res '. ' iu . - a 3U:i:0-I' Cl" sarolSS fro:'1 0 th/s .;".en 1 i t r 00.1'iea d eross 01' exoosune to different ovoes o x * ".ax x r ;.ou.3 ie a d oust or fume sere bein' analyzed in one laboratory d xxCi. .vnlcri no systbuati0 difference oetv/een me /' ) .-.eu.iods observed. In beta of these len one sisters ti< difference tietv/sen the .set nods us of foe same eras; :e e uro rephi e method a varantno 70 and. 7of the- citklzone ne-thed. The differences Lr. all likelihood could not ;n aus to Kind on sauiolin;:, since the probability of such on occurrence would have oeer less then 1 r. y tncusa.no esc:: c-1 se (Thole ~) ioave no clinical e.\ donation to offer for rer .osax1 * Sir' din . nc: s of cue PI A <1 A (O /! U I 5^4 - 1 ... : c r?a shouailv .au-e act Mat xhciicate f--.t L/ c _* _ x"1 ~ * * ^0 r' c ^ ^ '3 v/o -.'.s taoas', ana t na a suca d ifTerences are far or.o me MOGan ;. .anaG' " ,<? v l -i 0^ ms . amount (4-25,;) the7 ai'e a:,.all, ,,?.er. measured 0.* one J flc ucial limit-s-::- of a simple sample by either method (iyOy), by me ranee of variation of clooo lead (0.01 to cv 1 r.n over 10,000;.), by t.ns cvera ~e . iff erence ret.veer. lead: o 0 mn v/ithout ocouoatlo. el exposure to lead auci ten .'/ltd lead poisoniny due to omvpa c ional exposure to lea. oust and fame (9.0a? an: 0.2? my,; , 1000 ) : -n r> y fiducial li.tit^ of ten withomu occupat 1 trial exposure oc lean and t:e lo.veri.y f iv.ueial llmi cjf of ,,sr. ./itn lean poisoning due to occupational exposure to lead (0.05 and 1.0 try,, 100;, ). Table f also indicates that in certain -roues of men the cpecfc;rorra ohic .etnoa ""Ives s/sue -.at i call- t.i '7X '1 h S h ylH T", h r-=> :;i f, ` 'i.fi = r* > ~ y| q rmj .r. <7 ,o [ f aq : 1 -L C . 3 tutist i.ha^l"` si t P Ciee.nt. it. t -e -roue of misor.ed p> v- - on o?tea with in o -ic.; u. is c e taj-ac ic . if f orenco -"I. KWSWKE-'TSB 1 ' v-d ) : o a T r ill 0 0p n7 5r -iCfS t N v X'aui-3 m - .0 :o :.ie w - . . -- .' L - L ' nor.' r.,oe ;i;en. ana once oenaeru .'.ount of 1 1 r> o r - o one c:\ ,'oi..a t rsoenoe -coerce a xoaa ael sonLn" systematic. ciaviaoicns are r.oat easily oxolained acue r, an an usual, but not reo.aj-kaole , candor, ear.1 jliny effect ; once v\ f`-* -f11` ".r f* * p c ') ?7r.oar '."or oi cr.s vorianc O r . C; ,-S - :o r'ucif.ca cual to ace c nroa ri sen o i cue e a n, for his vrj.urc.vs y v'O r '[ =* o i' 'co-e errors ct : oe -ero'-oc 'ariur.css are e-use of the difference? ) r; t'e ' '.ref e;c e . /Oi I- ',0.0 r ~l O i:;oles A ana a ./hen eusvred i y This is to 03 expected, for each pair -f v:-...v>los u: analysed the atune uay, and. all the sauries v/er anal72eu u aun a oerioa of two rr.ontns. fhe variance of the ui r,ni tone'hihrrca was 3 mailer than that of toe t, pec tro rapui c i.etnon, c U w 1 : O J7 .ynifloan sly so (e , or c\ = 1., ? >10,.}; c.ier- fore ones 'rar Ic.nces !:a"; be comb tree; to *?i ve a rore rella ole esti.aa te variance of the ... i yf-> rence 3 . '' ve cov.bl ;'.si vari an ce rt : re >OUu "..LO3 li 01896 Table 1 Employment Data on Insulating Cross In Various Localities Including Those Selected for study Location Date of Start of Operations Kumbci* of Men In Prosertt Crew Groups d ao to Years of Bxoosure "Under 1-1.9 2-2.9 3-b Total 1 Percentage Original Cj How Employ* -ist Oranere. J?.J. J'a* 1932 _........... 13 h ...33 .... .......100.0 ndianaoolis.Ind. June 1952 inctnnnti, Ohio' Hoy. 1952 1 3 - 3_______ 100.0 1 1 ... 3 .......... ......66,7 loveland. Ohio - -Tan. 195a __ . . 1 ittsburrh,?a, ... 'larch 1955 1 oaten Mass. >lto Plains,0. July .1935 _____ 1 nov.... 1933............ 7* \ .. 3_ ? 11 .... 83 3 - 3........... h 13* ..... 66.7 66,7 . 25.0. ... 100.0 altlnore* !!&. June 193k Ibanv. H.Y. Sail.. 1933 / ofcal for All Loc nlltios Listod / on Selected.for Ltudy Indicates Lion Esnzninccl} 1 If 1-3 23 13 13...... m . Ik ..... 11 8 5 10 k * k* M....... 27 80.0 9 0 ss^^sassssrsss* nu p6 GJ Table 2 Dust Oaunfca on Semples Obtained Daring Insulation of a Residence Description of Sample Sample el, during hand packing near worlsaeft at 5 ft. _____ above. floor,............ . . Sample #2, during hand packing 2 ft, behind, a workman at level of face ample #1, during blowing 3 ft, behind! a worlaaan bales? level of faoe lample #2, during blowing 1*5 to aide of work man. at face level ample &3 during blowing, at air pump during focdlr.r, at face level* Volume of Samp>e In cu.ft. 5.5 5-4 4-93 5.0 10,0 ;V> "I Humber of i4tente in Thousands nor cu. ft. after subtracting bl Average of three daunts Average fc site 310 220 130 6,000 8,200 7&> / r) 7loo 0 Tabic 3 \ Distribution of Hen Engaged In Insulating Buildings with Eagle- Plcher Rock uool According to ARe Age in Years 20 - 2k 25 - 29 50 54 33 -39 4o 44 45-49 50-54. Total; / ~ j / Frequency 2 9 5 h 2 2 3 27 o-i1 00 O O I Tahlo k Distribution of Men Engaged in Insulating Buildings with EagleRicher Rook Wool According, to Sygtolla Blood Fraaeure &T3f Of Bg loo -- 109 110 - 119 120 - 129 130 - 139 11*0 - 149 150 - 159 160 - 169 170 - 179 180 - 189 Total Frequency 1 9 U T 3 1 0 0 1 27 01 9 0:0 Distribution of Man Engaged in Insulating Buildings oith Eagle?Ichor Rook Wool According to Dlaatollo Blood Prosgaro fPu&tM 60 ~ 6k 65 - 69 70 - 7k 75 - 79 80 8I4. 85 - 89 90 - & 95-99 100 - 10k 105 - 109 fotal Proouoncy 1 2 3 3 7 k 6 .0 /" i 0 1 27 i 01901 Table 6 Distribution of Men Engaged in Insulating Buildings tilth Eagler'icher nock v/ool According to Leucocytes la the Blood Leucocytes per ' ___ 0*. S5KU.______ 6000 - 6900 7000 - 7900 8000 - 8900 9000 - 9900 10,000 - 10,900 11,000 - 11,900 1s2,000 - 12,900 ' r 13,000 - 13,900 16.000 - 16.900 Total Frequency 2 in* 5 11 3 2 1 1 1 1 27  MtaMWkrtw*4* Distribution of Hon Engaged, in noula ting Buildings nitl; Bagloiieho ,:ock . ool Aoco.T-dln/T bo Erythrocytes In the Blood Erythrocytes por e# ran. in Thouaanda -3100 - 3500 3600 - 1*000 1400 1*500 1*600 5000 5100 - 5500 56o d 6000 Total Frequency 1 0 n 11 2 2 27 01 9 0 0 Table 8 Distribution of Hen Engaged in Insulating Buildings with EaglePlo'aer Hook Wool ; According to Henaonlobin Percentage of the Blood Percentage of Herao^obin 80 - Bk 85 89 90 - 9k 95-99 100 - 10I4. 105 - 109 no - nii Total ' /" ! ( / Frequency 3 0 k 5 13 0 2 27 V& a 01904 Distribution of lion Ensscod in Insulating Du tidings with Bap,lo^iahar Rock '?ool According to the occurrence of Stippled Erythrocytes In t^e 31ood stippled Erythrocytes per gift? Fields 0-1 2-3 h- 5 6-7 0-9 10-11 i>.0 Total Froijuency 12 2 It 3 3 2 1 27 01 5 -i Table 10 Distribution of Men Engaged In Insulating Buildings alth Eagle Ploher Rook Wool According to Load In tfre Blood Lead In Milligrams per 100 Gragg Blood 0.00 - 0.009 0.01 - 0.019 0.02 - 0.029 0.03 - 0.039 O.Oij, - 0.0I4.9 0.05 - 0.0*19 Total Frequent? 0 0 k 9 12 2 27 ) / Mean Probable Error of Mean Standard Deviation 0.006 +p. ooS >/ Table 11 Distribution of Men Engaged la Insulating Buildings with EagleFlcher Rook Wool According: to Lead f.n the Urine Lea l In Milligrams per Liter of Uring 0*00 - 0*009 o.oi 0.019 0*02 - 0.029 0.03 - 0.039 o.ok - o.oU9 0.05 - 0.059 0.06 - 0.069 0.0? - 0.079 0.08 - 0.089 0.09 - 0.099 Ho Inform fcl 01^ TotdL ^ y Frequency 0 8 k k 1 1 2 1 1 1 k 1 CVI Mean Probable Error of Mean Standard Deviation 0.037 +0.00l|. 0*025 oFour Impossibly high results are not recorded since they were obviously contaminated In the process of collection* Table 12 Distribution of d&a Engaged In Insulating Buddings with Eagle- Plotter Book Wool According to Arsenic In the Urine Arsenic as ASgOa In Milligrams gor Liter of Urine 0*00 - 0*009 o.oi - o*oi9 0*02 * 0*029 0*05 - 0*039 o.oi* - 0.014-9 0.05 - 0.059 0.06 - 0*069 y' 0.07 - 0.079 j 0.10 - 0.109 0*12 - 0.129 0*16 - 0*169 .... .no. Xnfoiwation *..... Total Frequency 8 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 27 Mean Probable Error of Kean Standard Deviation 0.0U3C p.o06 4H0.01& o Two samples were of insufficient volume for the analysis* s i 01908