Document 7O5y8pDqEYqZx487Y8D9qqOke

M H BB-m tm 1 Vol. 7 FOUNDATION FACTS December, 1945 Foundation Facts is a monthly news-letter issued to industrial concerns holding membership in Industrial Hygiene Foundation. The Foundation is a non-profit association of industries for the advancement of healthful working conditions. .No, 12 X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory Established Announcement is made of the establishment of a Department of Research in Chemical Physics at Mellon Institute which will be available to Industrial Hygiene Foundation and further augment the Foundations services to member companies in maintaining good physical working conditions. This new division includes x-ray diffraction equipment which is essential for the accurate evaluation of factory dusts inasmuch as this method is more dependable than the older chemical or petro graphic methods. Dr. Harold P. Klug-, formerly of the University of Minnesota, heads the new department and will serve as a consultant to. the Foundation. The C--u new laboratory is located on the same floor as the Foundation in the Institute. The availability of facilities for x-ray diffraction analyses is another important development in the Foundation's work of refining the measurement of dust hazards in the workplace. The I-H-E Composition Sampler permits the Staff to rapidly collect large dust samples from factory air for composition analyses. All dust samples are separated into portions above and below five micros to gain more accurate knowledge of the concentration which workmen may actually * rtsathe. earning Publications The Transactions of the Management Section of the program fop the Tenth A Annual Meeting will be sent to member companies ixr-the near future. Practically all the papers presented at the annual meeting are now set in type and the pro ceedings, in four parts, will be published as rapidly as possible. The Management Section will be followed by the Veterans Panel discussion. Meanwhile, a summary covering highlights of the Engineering. Conference, held here on November 13, the day prior to the- opening of the annual meeting, will be sent to member companies in a few days.- Industrial Health Codes -< The Ohio State Health Department recently announced a proposed code oh- industrial health and toxicity which contains "maximum allowable concentrations" for =n a long -list of gases, vapors, dusts and fumes. Copies of the proposed code are ivailable to Members upon request. A somewhat similar code was recently adopted in Oregr.n and such regulations are under consideration or have been recently enacted ir. several other States. Trustees Meeting: January. A meeting of the Foundation's Board of Trustees will be held late in 03118576 INDUSTRIAL. HYGIENE FOUNDATION AAOO FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH (ij). PA. M W B fi-m niss msrjr c=i IN RECOGNITION OF EXCEPTIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENT IN BEHALF OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY AND OF MERITORIOUS CONTRIBUTION TO THE NATIONAL WAR EFFORT. /94F ASSISTANT SCeNCTANV Of THt NAVY PRESENTATION OP CERTIFICATE OF ACHIEVEMENT'FROM THE NAVI TO THE INDUSTRIAL HXGIENE FOUNDATION OF AMERICA PITTSBURGH, PA. BX CAPTAIN E. W* BROWN (MC) OSH (at opening of Tenth Animal Meeting at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., Nov. 15, 1945) It is irlth distinct pleasure that I come here this morning on behalf of the Navy to present the award of the Certificate of Achievement for war services to the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America. . I will refer briefly at this point to the significance- of this award in re lation to the Army and Navy *E". The latter was granted to certain companies which produced certain end products of direct naval or military application, such as parts of naval guns, torpedoes, and fire control equipment* There are, however, a number of principal and subcontractors, who were not eligible for the Army and Navy E", and yet merit recognition for the high quality and quantity of their output in support of the war production program. The Navy, therefore, decided to award the Certificate of Achievement to these organizations, and the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America was nominated for this honor by the* Surgeon General of the Navy. 03118577 HWBB-UOU557 Presentation of Certificate of Achievement - 2 May I point out that this award is unique in that it is being conferred upon an organization notable for its efforts in promoting the conservation of inaustrial personnel, a factor so closely geared to war production. In production we tend to think in terms of the finished implements of war without sufficient emphasis on the significance of saving manpower by the safeguarding of industrial health. The oi-1 Navy brings this award this morning to an organization of outstanding excellence in '] this phase of the war effort. The primary objective of industrial hygiene is the maintenance of indus trial manpower through the prevention of industrial illness and accident, four ability as an organization to advance industrial health has been attained by the excellence of your surveys of occupational hazards, thereby improving working con ditions in war plants; by studies of health conditions of women in industry - a new problem; and by your important publications, notably the Industrial Hygiene Digest the only journal of its kind. The Medical Department of the Navy has a traditional motto expressive of its primary military mission; viz, "To keep as many men at as many guns as many days as possible". One could fittingly paraphrase these words to express the war objec tive of your organization; as follows, "To keep as many men and women at as many industrial machines as many days as possible". The services to your industrial member companies not only reduced absen teeism incident to industrial illness, but increased personnel efficiency as a result of improved environmental conditions. This reflects distinct credit on your techni cal staff. In recognition of your war service and in token of appreciation of the i[CjQl Navy, it is my privilege to present to the Industrial Hygiene Foundation of America r___n this Certificate of Achievement. This is the Navy's whole hearted way of saying "Well done". E. W. BROWN Captain (MC) USN Office of Surgeon General Navy Department oo 03118578 HWBU-0U11S58 TABLE OF CONTENTS Absenteeism, Hours of Labor, Etc. Accident Prevention Book Reviews and Notices Control Methods Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects Industrial Medical Practice Industrial Relations, Personnel Laboratory Toxicological Studies Legal Developments Methods of Detection and Determination News Items Occupational Disease Statistics Public Health Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to Tork Skin Diseases and Burns Page 26 23 5 7 9 18 25 25 4 6 1 3 27 23 16 H 03118579 H M R B -m m w December, 1345 Vol. IX. No. 12 Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh 12, Pennsylvania. ____ n *5) >-- INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Literature and News News Items 1205 Industrial Physicians and Hygienists Meet in Chicago in April. The five professional societies of industrial hygiene personnel will hold a joint conference in Chicago, April 8-15 at the Hotel Sherman, where exhibits will be set up and motion pictures shown. A.s plans now stand, the National Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists will meet April 8 and 9} American Industrial Hygiene Association meetings will be held Tuesday and Wednesday, April 9 and 10; American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons sessions and clinics will take place Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday; the American Association of Industrial. Nurses will meet Thursday, Friday and Saturday. The American Association of Industrial Dentists will also convene. -- Ind. Hyg. News Letter (Oct., 1945) 1206 Proposed Yale Institute. The Yale School of Medicine recently announced pirns for on Institute of Occupational Medicine and Hygiene, in wnich specialists may be trained in the diagnosis and treatment of specific occupational diseases, and general practi tioners of medicine may study the background of the workers' conditions. Undergraduate medical students will receive training throughout all four years of their course and the curriculum will include such fields as sanitation; toxicology; surgery for wounds; injury and shock; rehabilitation methods; industrial medicine; problems of ventilation; industrial medical administration, etc. Graduate training will also be available for industrial nurses. The Institute proposes to carry on research on basic problems and to provide con sultation services. Funds to carry on tills work should come from the indus tries. -- Conn. Health Bull. (Oct., 1945) 1207 Compensation Medicine. This is a ne-r periodical devoted exclusively to the field of compensation medicine, --ith especial attention to the relation of trauma to industrial diser.se. Several papers from the first issue are abstracted in this issue of the Digest. 03118580 HWBB-001156H Industri:.! Hygiene Digest - 2 December, 1945 1203 P.locd Dr.mr.ge Indicrted in Organic Qp.gist.fi. The possibility that organic chemists might suffer blood damrge in the course of their r.dvrnced studies end university research work w:*s disclosed in a com munication from the Ohio Industrial Hygiene Service to the Industrial Hygiene Division, U.S. Public Heclth Service, in which it was reported that a number of organic research chemists in a large pharmrceutic'l laboratory hove sus tained such injury. With o white blood cell count of 5,000 established :rbitr-arily is the critical level, it was found that five out of a staff of 20 chemists, all holding doctorate degrees and some with several years of post doctorate research experience, showed a level below th-nt figure in periodic physical examinations. The red cell count remained normal. As a result of these findings the company plans to include a blood analysis in its preplace ment exrmination of chemists, to improve ventilation and install other safe guards in the research laboratories and to keep the condition of the men under close observation. It is pointed out that the problem may be originating in the reseirch laboratories of some universities -and that thorough preplacement physical examinations may bar from employment chemists whose blood condition is poor. -- Ind. Hyg. News Letter, .5, 2 (Oct., 1945) 1209 Join the Navy_:nd Eat Penicillin Ice Cream. The San Diego Naval Training Center's sanitation and preventive medicine staff reports that mixing penicillin with ice cream makes possible its administration by mouth instead of through the usual'hypodermic injections. The Navy said the treatment hod been found effective for streptococcus throat infections, scarlet fever, trench mouth, gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), stomatitis (inflam mation of the mouth), and acute or subacute tonsillitis. -- Chem. & Eng. News, 23, 1928 (Oct. 25, 1945) 1210 Hazards in Blackout Paint Removal. The Division of Industrial Hygiene, Baltimore City Health Department, is making a study of the health hazards involved in the large-scale removal of blackout paint. Since scraping is not a feasible method for removal, chemical solvents must be used. One group of paint solvents contains alkalis which produce der matitis upon contact with the skin, and another group contains volatile chemi cals, chiefly benzol, alcohol, and methylene chloride, which may result in various types of physical damage. Recommendations to protect the health of ex posed workers include protective garments, frequent determination of the atmos pheric concentration of toxic materials, and medical control through periodic examination of urine for sulfate ratios and of blood for both white and red cell counts. -- Safety Eng., 90, 113 (Oct., 1945) 1211 %^L-o.E.-Qwajgt t<? ftesruit Industrie ffegisiirta* Shortage of professional personnel is felt acutely by all industrial hygiene agencies. With the break in training of young men due to the war, the shortage is becoming particularly severe. One way by which it may be overcome is pointed out by Medical Director J.G. Townsend, Chief of the Industrial Hygiene Division, U.S. Public Health Service. He urges that State and. local directors of indus trial hygiene units m^ke a determined effort to interest students in the profes sion. Lectures should be arranged and given to classes in medical schools, colleges of engineering and university scientific departments. The attractive opportunities available to industrial hygienists in the service of American in dustries or public health agencies should be set before students of chemistry, dentistry, nursing, and other professions associated with industrial health activities. In personal letters to deans of such colleges, training opportuni ties in the various fields of industrial hygiene may be explained. If indus trial hygiene is to expand its activities to protect all industrial workers in the United States, many more men and women must be trained for ell the contri buting professions. --Ind. Hyg. News Letter, h, 5 (Nov*, 1945) Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 Occupational Disease Statistics December, 1345 sC U*' J S ea 1212 Occar-ticn.al Disease Statistics. Brit.2 July Calif.2 Conn. Aug. June Oct. Sept. July N07. 1345 1945 1945 Acid Vapors Bursitis 5 Cancer Carbon Monoxide Carbon Tetrachloride Conjunctivitis Dermatitis 42 Hernia Infections Inflammatory Conditions 6 Lead Absorption Le*d Poisoning "1 Mercuric Chloride Miscellaneous Nitroglycerine Noise Pneumoconio sis (exclusive of silicosis) Pulmonary & Bronchial Radium Silicosis 1 Silico-tuberculosis Synovitis 6 Systemic Effects(NOC) Tuberculosis Undulant Fever Upper Resniretorv Totals 61 3 3 446 1350 314 4 8 32 107 13 2285 71 1 1 73 Ind.2 Mich.2 Tfis. 2 Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. 1945 1945 Ohio^ Sent. Sept. Oct. 1945 1945 Totals 1 -L. 5 11 o 11 1 15 3 449 56 33 285 82 1924 99 10. 10 15 7 342 20 8o 15 11 85 85 11 8 52 3 1 33 1 5 27 33 33 6 11 1 119 11 12 1 14 63 72 419 116 3089 (1) Occupational Disease Claims filed with the Industrial Commission. There vere 76,911 total days lost with six deaths, from silicosis and five deaths from other causes. (2) Occupational Disease Cases filed with the Health Department. 03118582 fO l | !7f\i HWBR-fWl 1`j 6? Industrial Hygiene Digest Legal Developments ecomber, 1945 1215 Rules -jid Regulations for the Prevention md Control of Occupation1 Disease^. These Rules and Regulations, adopted by the Board, Aug. IS, 1945, pursuant to z resolution of the legislature, are published in a convenient pocket-sized booklet. After general statements regarding application and possible modifi cation of the rules, and definitions, brief specifications for general and local exhaust ventilation, substitution of non-hazardous equipment, material or process, dust-allaying media, personal protective equipment, isolation of hazardous operations, sanitation end cleanliness, end warning of health hazards. Maximum permissible concentrations of vapors, dusts and fumes rre tabulated. -- Oregon State Board of Health, Portland, Ore., 16 pp (1345) 1214 Industrial Medical Records^ Some Legal Considerations. The "uthor discusses the manner in which employer may safely permit the use of industrial medical records in his possession. A record can be made available on the request of the worker, in his interest, or by the employer to defend himself against the claims of the worker. This then would seem to eliminate the use of the records of a group of employees as a basis for sta tistical study or clinical investigation (except in reports required by law, as communicable diseases). However, the author feels that such use should be permitted, if the identity of individual employees is in no way revealed. Access to the medical records of an employee should be granted to his attend ing physician. -- T.V. McDavitt. Am. J. Pub. Health, 55 . 568-(l94g)--J.I.H.&T. 1215 Death from Tetanus Infection,; Carpenter Remodeling Meat Market: Course of Employment. Decedent worked as a carpenter remodeling and repairing a meat market, in the course of which he handled old and new lumber and worked in the vicinity of animal hides and live animals; when his death occurred two and one-half days *fter the onset of a tetanus infection, it was found that employee's death resulted from his employment. -- Gmeiner ana Grearson v. Industrial Commiasi^^ of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Supreme Court. No. 62, August Term, 1945. Filed Novem ber 20, 1945 (CCH) 1216 Scope of Authority of Texas Board of InsurancaJComMsg-toners to_ Cnntrol^Qnerations of Insurance Carriers. Plaintiff association brought an action to enjoin the enforcement of and to test the validity of an order of defendant Board on the ground that said order 15] exceeded the statutory powers granted to said Board. By means of the order, the Board sought to control dividends in complete detail in advance, on the ground that distribution of such dividends might affect the premium rate, by forbidding the writing of any compensation insurance by a participating com pany unluss such dividend plan had been submitted to and approved by the Board. However, the order set forth no standard by which the Board was to be guided in either approving or disapproving the conditions on which a company would be permitted to write workmen's compensation insurance. A temporary injunction was granted by the trial court with certain limitations, namely, that the Board was not thereby prohibited from exercising its statutory powers to nrke and enforce classifications of hazards *nd premium rates ap plicable to each class, to enforce a system of experience rating, or to re quire adequate reserves before approving an application for the payment of a 031185S3 rp *=n Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5 December, 1945 sum cut of surplus for dividend distribution. The reviewing court affirmed, ruling that plaintiff was created by the workmen's compensation statute and was given authority to group subscribers based on premium (fixed by the Eo*rd and loss experience, and to fix and pay dividends by and for groups. No such power was expressly granted to the Board. T.nile the 3oard is required to ap e-rove dividends proposed before they can be paid, the statute fixes the stan dard by which approval or disapproval must be made, namely that such dividend must not reduce the association's reserves below what the Board deems to be adequate to meet losses and claims. But that is the extent of the Board's power in this regard, and it was without authority to reguiate dividends as attempted in the order in question. -- Board of Insurance Commissioners v. Texas Employers Insurance Association. Texas Court of Civil Appeals. Austin. No. 9497. June 27, 1945; writ of error granted by Texas Supreme Court October 3, 1945* (CCH) 1217 Insurer's Duty tO-Defend Action: Occupation?!. Disease Exclusion Clause. Where the employee alleged that as a result of his employer's negligent failure to provide him a safe place in which to -"ork that he contracted the occupational disease known as pneumoconiosis or silicosis, the insurer was not required to defend the action, since the policy expressly provided that occu pational disease was not covered, -- Concrete Materials Co. v. Bmplovere Mutual Liability Insurance. Co., of Wisconsin. South Dakota Supreme Court. No. 3732. Filed July 13, 1945. (CCH) 1218 Causal Connection Between Exfoliated DeiTna.titis._snd tmplovment. -- "Where claimant's proof of causal connection between exfoliated dermatitis and his handling of naphtha, sulphur, and rubber solvents rested upon the testi mony of a doctor who testified that claimant's original condition could have been due to ^ny external irritant and that sulphur was not a primary irritant, the court w*s of the view that claimant had failed to carry the burden of proof. -- Fitzgerald v. Atlas Asbestos Co. Pennsylvania Supreme Court. No. 166, October Term, 1945. Filed October 24, 1945. (CCH) 1219 Pulmonary Silicosis; Timeliness of Claim: Statute of Limitations. A claim for compensation for occupational pulmonary silicosis which was filed three years after the claimant had been informed by physicians that he was suffering from said disease was not barred by the statute of limitations, since the doctors were of the opinion that no disability had resulted from silicosis, --nd claimant was entitled to rely on their findings. -- TFilligms v..-Industrial Accident Commission. California District Court of Appeal, First District, Division Two. Civil No. 12,849. October 3, 1945. (CCH) 1220 Death from Silicosis: Computation .of Time of One-Year Period from Pate of Lsst Sflpggura* An employee, last exposed to silicon dioxide dust on April 3, 1943 died from silicosis on April 4, 1344; his widow was not entitled to statutory benefits since the death occurred beyond the one-year period following the last expo sure to harmful quentities of silica dust. -- Barnhart v. Stnte Compensation Commissioner. 7'est Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. No. 9680. October 9, 1945. (CCH) Book Reviews and Notices 03118584 1221 Rood Health Insurance and .SiekTjaqs Benefit Plans in Collective Helen Baker end Dorothy Dahl. Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, 89 pp. (1945) 1iKBB-nnm 63 HWHB-Ufll 156*i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 6 December, 1945 This book contains an analysis of the Trrious health plans instituted wholly or in part by labor unions, including some results achieved by the plans, and discussion of the problems involved and present trends. 1222 Accident Facts. 1945 Edition. National Safety Council. 96 pp. Price 50,^, National Srfety Council, Inc., 20 North Packer Drive, Chicago S, 111. (1945) This publication has been issued annually since 1921 and the present volume contains numerous statistical tables covering accidents, especially in 1944, with previous years' records for comparison. About 10 pages de-^l directly -ith industrial accidents. 1223 Third Postgrrduate Course in Industrial Medicine. Long Island College of Medi cine. Oct. 16-Nov. 3. 1944. Mimeographed, approximately 400 pages. (1945) This volume contains abstracts or texts, generally the latter, of 63 lectures presented in a three weeks' course in industrial medicine. The purpose of pub lication is to provide c source of reference for students enrolled in the course ^nd to afford those who could not attend the course an opportunity for study. The list of directors includes many well-known medical directors, teachers and specialists. The general groups of subjects are medical administration in industry, interne!, medicine in industry, industrial surgery, occupational diseases, md problems of post-war industrial conversion. The individual lectures appear to cover those fields very fully, and many of the lectures are similar in content to papers by the 3sme authors that have been abstracted in the Digest. Methods of Detection and Determination 1?24 Scheme for the Photometric Determination of Minute Amounts of Arsenic. Copper. Lead. Zinc nnd Iron (with Certain Other Metals) in.Organic Compounds, e.g.. Medicinals. N. Strafford, P.F. Wyatt, and F.G. Kershaw. Analyst, 70 . 232-246 (1945); Chem. Absts., 39, 4297-4298 (Oct. 10, 1945) A scheme of analysis for the above elements by chemical separations end photo metric measurements is presented fully in the original paper and outlined in the Chem. Absts. reference. 1225 Protection,llecjturements on Operators and 7forkrooms in the Radium Dial Painting Industry. J.C. Jones and M.J. Day. Brit. J. Radiol., 18, 126-131 (Apr., 1945) This is a technical discussion of the procedure methods used in measuring radio-active material under various circumstances. The safe level for active materiel (radon gas) in the atmosphere was determined to be 10-^ curie per liter of nir. The level can usually be kept beneath this figure by exhaust ventilation. Measuring the amount of radium within the body is of great impor tance in deciding whether :n individual should continue work. This should in clude (a) measurement of concentration in expired air after the subject has breathed normal air for some time. The tolerance value given is 10-i2 curie per liter, (b) direct gemma-ray measurement of the subject's body. The toler ance value here is given as 0.1 microgram of radium in the body. The investi gators found th*t most factories are not suffering from too great exposure of either sort. Special precautions should be observed by workers with larger amounts of radium, as in preparation of the luminous compound. 03118585 H B B -flin i5 6 5 Industrial Hygiene- Digest - 7 December, 1A~S l2c A Simple ~nd Accurate Method for the Deterain^ti an. .of Mercury in Biologic y teri'-l. T.H. X-ren. J* Lab. Clin. Med., 23. 1511-1514 (1343) A colorimetric method is described for the analysis of mercury in biologic n-teri'ls. It is simple, and on analysis cm be completed in five minutes once the organic material has been digested. Dithizone in chloroform reacts with mercury at pH 1 to give a yeliow color which is analyzed by the "mixed color method'* in a spectrophotometer. Direct titrations can be made in the absence of a spectrophotometer. Gold, palladium and platinum are the only metals which would interfere with the determination at pH 1* -- C.A. 1227 Siovr-L-mp Method of Detecting Organic Halogen Compounds in the Air. L.B. Timmis. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 64, 32 (1945) In the standard method for determining halogen by blowing the air through a flame, a special type of lamp with methyl alcohol ns fuel is recommended. Equally satisfactory results can be obtained when a suitable lamp using kero sene is used. -- C.A. f Control Methods 1223 The Medical and Environmental Control of Health Hazards in Aircraft Assembly Plants. E.B. Levy and F.J. Vintinner. Ind. Med., 14, 779-797 (Oct., 1945) This is a discussion of the more common health hazards found in assembly plants and the medical and environmental control measures necessary to minimize.or eliminate harmful occupational exposure. Adequate exhaust ventilation system and proper personal protective equipment are required for workers exposed to sand blasting, ^elding *nd acetylene cutting, buffing and grinding of metals, and to toxic and dermatitis-producing chemicals. For workers in lead, zinc rnd various gases there should be frequent physical examinations, and for those exposed to metallic dust, frequent chest X-rays. The noise hazard is often neglected and should be reduced wherever possible by damping vibrations, insu lating enclosures 'nd by the use of individual ear-plugs. Many operations with means of protection are listed, with illustrations. 12: Evaluation_of Methods to Control Air-Borne Infections. J.E. Perkins. Am. J. Pub. Health, 35, 391-397, 951-952 (Sept., 1945) This prper reviews briefly the development of modern conceptions of the role of *ir in transmitting communicable diseases, *nd outlines the problems ahead. Possible methods of control of air-borne infections in enclosed spaces are clas sified by (A) point of application, *nd (B) method of control. (A) separates procedures directed at: (1) reservoir of infection: droplets and droplet nuclei from huarns -nd dust *nd lint from bedding, clothes, bandages, etc.; (2) sus ceptibility of individual; and (3) mode of trar.saission from reservoir to sus ceptible individual. (B) includes: (1) isolation and quarantine; (2) chemo therapy; and (3) other methods of rendering non-infectious, covering a wide variety of agents, as: oiling; vaccines end sera; chemoprophylaxis; mechanical barriers of masks, partitions, controlled -ir currents, ^nd filters; dilution of ~ir; reduction in crowding; disinfectant radiation bv daylight or artificial illumination; and disinfectant vapors. An editorial reviewing the pr-per (ibid. 951) adds that to arrive at sound engineering conclusions, three steps seem essential: (1) standard laboratory methods for quantitative estimation of microbe pollution in the atmosphere must be agreed upon; (2) extensive quanti tative studies must be made in various occupied places using identical ma 03118586 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3 December, 1943 HWBB-0011566 corners'-'le methods, so as to provide a reasonably accurate standard to distin guish -- safe atmosphere from a dangerous one; snd (3) such a standard must be Applied under practical conditions to the testing of various procedures for the purification of the atmosphere so as to establish the efficiency and economy of each. 1P.30 Solvent Hazards in "Safe" Plants. Moble Foy. Safety Eng., 90, 107-112 (Oct., 1945) In supposedly "safe" plants several instances are given of the use of substituted unknown solvents, of inadequate ventilation, of insufficient protective clothing and of careless supervision of preventive measures, which have resulted in ill ness to workers and property damage. In order to help diminish the accident rate, the following should be observed: (1) know the nature and hazards of sol vents in use ;'nd possible substitutions; (2) check the ventilating system with special attention to the possibility of corrosion, air currents, and interrup tions in operation; (3) examine carefully each special emergency, repair or cleanup operation before it is begun; (4) help the worker protect himself by giving him adequate information about the dangers of his job snd how to use the protection rdth vhich he is furnished; and (5) be sure that there is constant cooperation with the employment and medical departments 1231 Chemical-Resistant Gloves. American War Standard L18.29-1945, Approved July 21, 1945. American Standards Association, 8 pp. 20^. Resistant gloves are classified as acid- and alkali-resistant, general purpose and organic solvent resistant. This pamphlet gives general requirements in de sign, physical tests, detailed tests for chemical resistance, end a special test for gloves for use at low temperatures. 1232 Facts_ an_.Engineer Should Know About Electrostatic Air Filters. A. Nutting. Southern Power and Ind., 63, 115-119 (1945) For successful operation, the air velocity must be maintained within limits if the usual design efficiency of 85* is to be attained; 90$ efficiency requires 8 reduction in air velocity of 20*. Air distribution must be constantly uni form over the entire face area of the filter. Access of rain must be prevented by louvers, and preheating coils provided if snow or fog is encountered* Screens are desirable to keep out foreign materials, and filters to remove lint, if this is present. For excessive dust loads, precleaners are desirable. The alterna ting-current supply to the power pack should not have voltage variations greater than + 10* of the nominal value. Adequate space for maintenance nd easy access is required* -- C.A. 1233 Experiences with the Use of Propylene Glvcol as a Bactericidal Aerosol in an R.C.A.F. Barracks* J.M. Mather and A.D. McClure* Can. J. Pub. Health, 36* 181-187 (May, 1945) Propylene-glycol vapor in a concentration of less than 0.1 mg. per liter of air did not lower the incidence rate of respiratory illness nor the streptococcus hemolyticus carrier rate during a season when these rates were already abnor mally low. At this concentration it showed little germicidal activity. When present in concentration greater than 0.1 og. it is definitely bactericidal, hit it is not practicable to maintain this concentration in the present type of barrack block. -- Authors1 conclusions 1234 Study and Control ojf Industrial Atmospheric Pollution Nuisances* F. M. Stead. Am. J. Pub. Health, 35, 491-498 (May, 1945) Industrial atmospheric pollution nuisances include inert smokes and dusts, mucous membrane irritants and malodorous substances. The minute smoke particles are rarely a cause of complaint by urban populations. Odors are very difficult 03118587 HWBB-001156/ Industrial Hygiene jigest - 9 lecember, l9-: to evaluate and localize. After the source of tne nuisance is determined, the investigator must find what changes in plant processes ri.Il alleviate the situ ation. Rather then repeatedly persuade or force management to control the re curring nuisances, the "uthor ?h>uld depend on long-time planning, such as c*refui industrial zoning and enlightened legislation. -- J.I.H.&T. A Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects n 1235 Bronchograohic Studies in Advanced Silicosis. T. Bruce end G. Jonsson. Acta radiol., 24, 206-216 (1943) Bronchography allows an intra vizm study of the changes of the topography of the bronchial tree which occur when the contraction sets in in third stage sili cosis. When the center of contraction is situated characteristically, above, lateral to and behind the hilus, it exerts its greatest pulling effect on the vantraily situated bronchi, of which the proximal is dislocated upwards, so much so that in severe cases right angles occur. The position of the dorsal bronchi is affected to a minor extent. The massive lesions are mainly situated in tiie eparterisl bronchus' region of distribution on the right side and that of the first hyparterial bronchus on the left side. When the center of con traction is not situated typically, the changes in the topography of the bronchi are subject to variations, depending upon the position of the massive lesions. -- Authors' summary 1236 Egg-Shell Calcifications in Silicosis. A.D. Riemer. Am. J. Roentgenol., 53. 439-445 (May, 1945) (1) Four cases of silicosis with sharply demarcated annular densities in the roentgenograms of the chest, so-called "egg-shell calcifications," are herein presented and the roentgenograms reproduced. (2) The few authors who have hitherto reported on such shadows have differed in their statements regarding the distribution of them in the pulmonary roentgenogram. Some have stated that they exist only in the hilar areas; others have described their presence in the lung parenchyma as well. The cases in this report appear to confirm the latter view. (3) The previous authors have also differed in their interpretations of the cause of these shadows. They have variously labeled them as being (a) cal cified tuberculous lesions, (b) uncalcified silicotic densities, and (c) calcium degenerations in or around silicotic nodules. (4) To these a fourth viewpoint is now added; that the densities under discussion may represent the results of inhalation of calcium along with the silica particles. (5) In the absence of definite knoY/ledgr, of the cause of egg-shell calcifications, the clinician and roentgenologist rho encounter them are placed in the difficult position of de ciding whether they represent a complicating, tuberculosis infection or a less serious condition. -- Author's summary 1237 Silicosis of the Pericardium --2ase Report. Marguerite G. Stemmerman. Am. Heart J., 2S, 642-647 (May, 1945) A case report of a person with extensive adhesive pericarditis due to spread of pulmonary silicosis is given. The patient, a 51-year old white male, had symptoms from his lung condition for seven years prior to his death from silicotuberculosis and progressive pulmonary failure. The only subjective or objec tive clinical evidence of cardiac disease in this case was an abnormality of the electrocardiogram, but the author is of the opinion that had the patient lived sufficiently long, signs of cardiac embarrassment might have developed. At autopsy extensive pulmonary nnd pleural silico-tuberculosis and adhesive 03118588 HWBB-HM1568 In-'ustri-'i Hygiene Nicest - 10 Oeceaber, 13*5 peric rditls wis found. It is believed the silica particles found their ?=,* into the perio:-.rdi?-l cavity through the sr.'-ii superficial lymphatic channels of connunic-'-'tion between the pericardial and pleural ccvities. The feet that the firmest attachments were ~t the site of the densest pleuro-pericr.rdial ad hesions, at which point the pleura and both viscer'i ~nc. p-rietal pericardium were rs one, ws the major evidence in favor of this view, -- J.l'.K.&T. 178 Silicosis - Its Prevention me Treatment. Z.P. MacGregor. TP. V?.. Med. J., _41, 27 pp. (Sept., 134.5) The paper is a general discussion of silicosis, including r summarv of recent work on aluminum therapy and aluminum prophylaxis. 1273 Paligorskite. a Possible Asbestos Substitute. R.3. Fisher, R.L. Thorne and C. Van Cott. U.S. Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No. 7717, 5 pp. (Mar,, 1945) Paligorskite is probably a variety of asbestos usually termed mountain leather. A deposit of p^ligorskite has been found on m Alaskan island, -nd it nay find a number of uses if present in sufficient quantity. 1240 Some New Aspects .-nd Approaches to the Problem ogDnst Diseases. C.U. Derr.ehl and C.A. Nau. Tex: s Repts. on Biology end Med., 227-237 (Summer, 1345); Ind. Med., 14, 744-754 (Sept., 1945) The authors revie7/ progress on dust disease during the past few years, includ ing (1) evidence from several sources refuting the silica solubility theory of silicosis; (2) aluminum therapy; (3) pulmonary lesions produced by cotton dust; (4) welders' sidorosis. A dust exposure apparatus is described by means of which it has been shown that antimony trioxide is many times more toxic when inh:led as when i'.dministered intraperitoneclly. Their experiments will be re ported later in gre> ter detail. 1241 Health wnd Environmental Conditions in the Iron Industry. G.F. Keatinge and N.M. Potter. Brit. J. Ind. Med., 2, 125-141 (July, 1945) A brief description is given of modem iron-founding methods. Environmental studies were carried out in two foundries employing over 200 workers. These studies included a survey of ventilation 2nd heating, and the dust hazard. To assess the dust hazard in a foundry knowledge is required of (a) the dust con centration in the work atmosphere, (b) the duration of work spells, (c) the chemic?l compositioxi of inhaled dust, rnd (d) its pnrticle-size frequency. It is shown that fettlers of medium end large castings have the dustiest occupa tion in the foundry, and the dust here consists largely of silica particles* It is estimated that the silica hazard of the fettler of large castings is fifty times that of a worker in the general body of the foundry; medium fettling hrs a nine times greater hazard; end pneumatic mould-filling five times greater; workers in the core shop have "toe least exposure. The simplest way to maintain routine control of atmospheric pollution in a foundry is by mass concentration estimation of 'ir-borae dust at breathing height. Sickness and accident rates among foundry workers as compared with those in the constructional department showed th.r>t: (1) the number of cases of respiratory di3ese was less although the average number of days lost per case was higher, and while some lungs showed evidence of "dust change" there was no case of silicosis; (2) skin af fections were greater, "ith the most dermatitis among the core workers; (3) the incidence of rheumatic disease was greater; (4) accidents causing injury were fewer and caused less lost time; end (5) among foundrymen hert cramps are un common but not unknown. Preventive measures ? gainst accident rnd ill-health are (*) pre-employment medical examination, including chest X-ray; (b) improve ment of ventilation by modern construction methods; (c) proper cloak-room, washing xnd bathing facilities; (d) attention to floors; (e) by adequate pro tective equipment for the individual worker; *nd (f) prevention of fumes end 03118559 HWBB-tlfil 1569 Industrial Hygiene digest - 11 December, 13*5 dust by alteration in materials where possible, b*; increasing mechanized method of production, end bv good general house-keeping. -- From authors' 3umoary 1?42 Chronic Exudative and Indurative Pneumonia Due to Inhalation of Shellac. E.". Hirsch end H.3. Russell. Arch. Path., 39, 2B1-23G (May, 1345) Chronic progressive induration developed in the lungs of a man engaged in manu facturing furniture. The postmortem examination demonstrated chronic diffuse exudative -and indurative pneumonia in both lungs. The character of the consoli dated tissues .in the lungs and the small deposits of fibrin on the visceral pleura suggested grossly the possibility of some form of lipoid pneumonia. Ethyl alcohol and ether extraction of the lungs yielded large amounts of a viscid ma terial like shellac dissolved in an oil medium. This material injected into the trochees of rabbits caused necrosis and marked exudative and fibroplastic inflam mation of the lungs. The exudative and fibroplastic tissue response approximates the changes reported in tissues with oils like chsulmoogra. Lac substances have a high content of certain fatty acids. Fatty acids of this character are known to cruse necrosis and marked exudative and prolifertive tissue reactions. -- Authors' summary 1243 Case of DDT Poisoning in Man. V.3. Wigglesworth. Brit. Med. J.,.1, 517 (Adi*., 14, 1345) The case is reported of a man who underwent exposure on three times to large amounts of DDT in acetone solution while conducting experimental studies on its loc!'l irritant action on tne skin. He developed general intoxication and on three occasions he experienced involuntary muscular tremors over the entire body. After two weeks of bed care he began to make a slow recovery. He was away from work for 10 weeks and had not recovered completely at the end of a year. His condition improved rapidly when the true nature of the affection was known, which suggests that his symptomatology wjs influenced by anxiety. 1244 The Toxicity of DDT. G.R. Cameron and F. Burgess, Brit. Med. J., ^1, 865-871 (1945) The toxicity of DDT was investigated on a variety of animals and on human sub jects. It is tolerated in large amounts when administered in single or repeated doses. Danger to health is likely to arise only in the careless use of concen trates. Prolonged contact *lth undergarments impregnated with the insecticide did not produce r. toxic effect. -- C.A. 124c The_?ledi_c/--l --nd Public Herlth Importance of the Insecticide DDT. F.C. Bishopp. Bull. N.I. Acad. Med., 21, 561-580 (Nov., 1945) The value of DOT s ~n insecticide -nd the forms in which it is used are dis cussed. No toxicity or irritation results from 10% DDT in pyrophyllite applied s a dust to the skin, but in oil solutions it can be absorbed through the skin. The chronic toxicity of DOT in various forms has not been fully evaluated, but from available facts it may be concluded that DDT is much less dangerous to man from direct toxic action then most other insecticides. However, it should be handled '.with c*re to avoid ingestion and prolonged contact of oil solutions with the skin. It is important that it be applied by the right method in the right fone. 1246 ' Determination of 2.2-Bis (p-Chlorouhenvll-l.lJ.-Trichloroethsne (DDT) in Organs and Body Fluids After Oral Administration. H.A. Stiff, Jr. and J.C. Castillo. J. Biol. Chem., 159. 545-548 (1945) DDT was not found in the organs or body fluids of rabbits after oral adainistration of toxic doses. Determinations were made by the x*nthyriro1-potassium-hydroxide-pvTidine method. It appears that when administered orally, DDT is not 03118590 Industrial Hvgiene Digest - 12 December, 1945 ln r* absorbed in its unchanged state, `out that other organic compounds cf chlorines ore rorned which ore ;.ssi.ciiiated and can be detected in the ergons and body T fluids, These organic chlorides do not normal!'-- appear in the body fluids tissues of animals. It is suggested that DDT is transformed to other organic chlorides in the alimentary system me that only these organic chlorides me absorbed. -- C.A. 1247 Ethylene Dichloride as Degreaser and Paint Remover. T.J. Carter. Safety F.ev., 2, 10 (Nov., 1945) Industrial health reports indicate that ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) is being used for removing preservatives from new equipment *nd that it is a major constituent of r. paint and varnish remover. It should be pointed out that ethylene dichloride is both flammable md explosive, and that its flash point is 65 r (open cup) md its vapor will explode when mixed rlth air in concentra 0 tions ranging from 6.2 to 15.9 percent. Also, it is a powerful narcotic, is m irritant, end has ?. toxic action upon the heart. It should never be used with out adequate ventilation end proper respiratory protection to prevent inhalation of vapor. The accepted maximum permissible limit for an eight-hour exposure is 100 P.P.M. 1243 Methvl Chloride Intoxication. H.G.S. van Raalte and K.G.E.C.T. van Velzen. Ind. Med., 14, 707-709 (Sept., 1945) Symptoms of acute methyl chloride intoxication are mainly those of asphyxiation and shock, -ith ir-it?tion and later depression of the central nervous system, 'Accompanied by acidosis and disturbance of the functions of the liver and kid neys. Oxygen therapy immediately is advised, and the administration of dextrose, sodium lactate and blood plasma by intravenous drip; if necessary to stimulete a depressed central nervous system, coramin and lobelia should be chosen. In cases of chronic intoxication with methyl chloride the symptoms are mainly those of degeneration of parts of the nervous system, hence care should be directed toward rest, ph-'sicrl therapy ?nd a diet rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, plus huge doses of thiamin given perenterdly. The details of the case which lead to the publication of the article are given. 1249 Storing and Handling Chloroform. H.N. Anderson. Safety Rev., Zf 9-10 (Nov., 1945) Chloroform is not easily ignited but at high temperatures it breaks down readily into hydrochloric acid and phosgene. Chloroform not only can cause direct burns but c*n ''Iso be absorbed through the skin, therefore rfoen spilled on the skin, it should be immediately removed by washing with a large quantity of water. Skin contact should be avoided. From 0.02 to 0.03% is the lowest amount that \ can be detected by smell and as the concentration increases, symptoms of dizzi ness^ nausea and faintness become increasingly severe above 0.10%, there are , definite after-effects of fatigue and headache lasting for many hours. In the event of leakage or breakage of containers in the storage place, no one should be allowed to enter unless adequately protected by an air-line respirator or self-contained oxygen-mr.sk. 1250 Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning. S.M. Dillenberg end C.M. Thompson. Military Surgeon, 97, 39-44 (1945) Twenty cases of carbon tetrachloride poisoning occurred from its use as a denning solvent in a confined comportment of a submarine. One w^.s a fetal case terminally presenting pulmonary edema. Only two patients worked with the sol vent, the ethers inhaled the fumes by being in or near the compartment over a period of two days. In addition to the one death, four were made critically ill. The predominating symptoms were gastrointestinal followed by renal shut down. Clinic studies revealed no evidence of liver damage, which is in contrast 03118591 qS Industrial Hygiene Tigest - 13 December, 134:: 1-^ tc ether case; reported in the literature. The ergen primarily invoiced was 5 the .-:iiney. Microscopic studies revealed narked liver, kidney, and adrenr-1 * damage. Respirator'/ complications occurred late in the symptom complex, ar.d so there .vere radiograohic changes in the lung field of the four seriously ill. ^ The authors conclude that carbon tetrachloride must be considered a potent = poison for it cm bo absorbed through the skin, inhaled, and ingested, and that careful instructions as to its proper use should be given. -- C.A. 1251 Acute but Moderate Carbon Moncrxide Poisoning. E. Asnussen and L.O.E. Knudsen. Acta Physiol. Scand., _6, 67-78 (1943) (Scandinavian) The inhrlation of carbon monoxide to the point of formation of 5-32^ carbon monoxide-hemoglobin causes sn increase in relative cell volume and plasmaprotein concentration. Neither the glucose nor lactic acid concentration in the blood were affected as long as the subjects remained quiet. Sugar tolerance "ras not altered at all by the carbon monoxide intoxication. -- C.A. 1252 Effects of Oxygen at Increased Pressure. J.tf. Bean. Physiol. Rev., _25, 1-147 (1945) Pulmonary pathology caused by OHP (high oxygen pressure) contributes to the reactions of poisoning by interfering with normal carbon dioxide removal, but such pathology is often absent and cannot, therefore, be regarded as essential in the poisoning by OK?. Repeated exposure to OHP induces permanently crip pling motor dysfunction, J*ich indicates permanent damage to the central ner vous system, and this is further substantiated by recent discovery of degenera tive chcnges. Under OHP there is increased carbon dioxide tension of the tis sues associated -i.th a failure of oxyhemoglobin to become reduced. It seems that even a slight rise in carbon dioxide tension under conditions of OHP is greatly potentiated, throwing an additional load on an already disrupted carbon dioxide transport system, and this constitutes an important etiological factor in OHP poisoning. The cellular metabolism is decreased through the direct in hibition of tissue oxidations by OHP, as well as by the increased tissue carbon dioxide tension and acidity. The direct effect of OHP is exerted through action on the enzymic processes* The evidence presented indicates that the disruption of enzyme activity leading to hyperoxic anoxia and tissue acidity may be the ultimate cause of the OHP poisoning. The article has 450 references. -- C.A. 1253 Do connrgs_sion Sickness -end Bubble formation in Blood and Tissues. E.N. Harvey. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Science, 21, 506-536 (Oct., 1945) The three common and obvious difficulties experienced by aviators at great height are: (1) l^ck of oxygen; (2) ear end sinus trouble due to non-equaliza tion of pressure between the middle ear end the external atmosphere; (3) intestinal pains due to expansion of gns in the intestinal tract. But at altitudes of 25,000 to 35,000 feet a fourth group of additional symptoms may appear which affect various parts of the body. These range from a mild rash or ache to unbearable pain near the joints, from tightness in the chest to serious coughing spells and from hyperesthesias or rnesthesias to convulsions* paralysis -ncl syncope. The individual is definitely incapacitated, sometimes seriously. It has long been recognized that compressed air illness is due to bubble fermrtion in blood and tissues, and this discussion covers experiments of various types on animals end men as to the causes and prevention of the bubbles. Analysis of gas bubbles in the blood indicate a very high percentage of nitrogen end the breathing of oxygen for a sufficient time before ascent will flush out the nitrogen, ?nd completely prevent the appearance of all symp toms of decompression sickness, thus offering the most effective prophylactic treatment. Tho amount of oxygen breathing necessary depends on the extent of exercise at altitude. The use of drugs in reducing the incidence of decompres sion sickness h*.s not yet been thoroughly tested. The bubbles may form in 03118592 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 14 N December, 1945 almost ar.y part of the body, 'out air masses have been found by X-r:y to be S present in joint cavities end in fascia between muscles and these caused r.o pain. Nervous symptoms and shin rash have not been fully explained. In ccrpa elusion, the article states, "Some details remain to be filled in 'out on theS whole the etiology of deconpressicn sickness can be expressed by the one ::ct3? -- bubbles." 1254 Adrenal Cortex and ffork in the Heat* M. Moreira, R.E. Johnson, A.?. Forbes, and ?. Consolaoio. Am. J. Physiol., 145, 153-176 (1345) The effects of large doses of extract of adrenal cortex were studied in healthy young men living on a constant adequate diet and marching 3.5 hours daily in moist heat. The extract had no effect on their performance or feelings. It has no effect on physiological or chemical functions such as heat balance, res piratory exchange, rectal temperature, rate of sweating, skin temperature, res piratory oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion, blood pressure, serum chloride, sodium, potassium, non-protein nitrogen, or daily urinary ex cretion of sodium end of chlorine. On days when extract was injected, the urinary excretion of potassium was increased. There was slight evidence that the extract lowered the concentration of chlorine and sodium in the sweat and raised the concentration of potassium. -- C.A. >! 1255 Consideration of Iniurv as the Cause of Cancer. F.E* Ad*ir. Compensation Med., 5-6 (Dec., 1945) "A follow-up of severe human injuries such as civil end military injuries has failed to convince scientists that injury plays any role in the production of human cancer.1' The author's own medical and court experience has confirmed this statement. He suggests that the entire problem of injury as the cruse of cancer be taken out of the hands of the courts, and placed under the juris diction of a commission of eminent physicians and judges. 'M. 1256 Penicillin _ in jthe Treatment of Experimental Infection wrth^Bacillus Anthracis. F.P.. Heilman and W.E. Herrell. Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin., 19, 492 (Oct. 4, 1944) Fifty-five percent of mice treated with penicillin were protected against 10,000 times the lethal dose of Bacillus anthracis, even when 16 hours had elapsed between the inoculation and the beginning of treatment. It is evident that infections with 3. anthracis are susceptible to treatment with penicillin. -- Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 1257 Occupations! Exposure to Arsenic in the Manufacture .of Arsphenamine and .Related Compounds. R.M. Petrous and M.B. McCaughey. Ind. Med., 14, 639-646 (Aug., 19*5) In The chemical manufacture end packaging of nrsphenamine and related compounds are attended by the escape of dust in many different stages. The amount of arsenic in this dust in one pharmaceutical plant was .found to vary from 0.0002 5D to 0.017 milligrams per cubic foot. Urinary excretion did not reflect any absorption of organic arsenical dust r.t the low level of exposure encountered cD in the packaging department; at higher levels of exposure in the manufacturing department, increased urinary excretion urs present, roughly in proportion to the magnitude of the exposure, the mean for the former group was 0.014 mil ligrams per cubic foot, for the latter 0.059, and for normal controls 0.017. Clinical judgment did not give the impression that ~ny symptoms of arsenic poisoning existed except in a few isolated workers in the manufacturing depart ment during a short period of unusually heavy exposure. Case reports of three workers showing transitory symptoms of borderline arsenic poisoning are pre sented. An analysis of 323 periodic complete blood counts in workers exposed to arsenics! compounds and 221 counts in unexpo3ed workers doing otherwise similar work revealed no evidence of myelotoxic effect due to arsenicnls. -- From authors* summary 02118593 Industrial hygiene Digest - Tecer.ber, l3q 1253 A Program of 'ndugtrial Vision. L.H. ""nitney. Reprinted fror. executives Service Bulletin, uetropoiitnr. life Insur-n^ :e Co June, 1945.) Ini. Med., 320-323 (Oct.,1945) 'i~u?:l perfor)""r.ce is one of several important b- sic skills whic'r. influence ez.nlo^ee fficier.cy. A practical sc.fetv program for eye protection is uescr-_ ei `.lich has t"'o main objectives: (1) the placement of -applicants into posi tions for which thev ?re qualified visually ?s well ?.s physicr-lly; 'no (2) the provision of safety glasses free of charge to all employees assigned to hazar dous areas. It has demonstrated thnt teamwork can exist among the safety en gineer, psychologist, optometrist, ophthalmologist and general industrial phy sician when ther-e is a definite goal. Further research is being encouraged in vision problems, including illumination, special color and contrast painting of factory equipment, vision training and vision problems affecting safety measures. 1259 Oohthamologv in the Factory. I. Mann. Brit. J. Inc. Med. 2, 169-170 (July,1945 The eye can be regarded from two aspects, either as an optical instrument, the imperfections of which can be remedied by mechanical means, or as a living or gan which may become diseased or can participate in general diseases of the body. Uoon entrance the eyes of all factory workers should be examined from both aspects, and the tests should include visual acuity at the distance of the proposed job. Thus suitable optical instruments may be fitted so that each employee may work in comfort. The ophthcnologist should see that conditions of illumination '-re satisfactory. It is recommended that each worker should have a periodic eye examination every,- throe to five years. Industrial eye diseases peculiar to each factory involved should be studied and understood by the factory; doctor, ^nd *ny red or painful eyes should be reported and investi gated at once; if a condition or injury is serious it should be sent to the hospital. Possibly the greatest need today is for the production and populari zation of r. comfortable and efficient protective goggle. 1260 Effects of Exposure to Ultra-Violet Light on Visual Thresholds. E. Tfolf. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Jl, 23S-241 (Aug., 1945) Experiments with baby chicks reveal that exposure of eyes to ultra-violet light ranging from 300 to 365 millimicrons in wave length, a range previously considered harmless by some authorities, delays dark adaptation and impairs visual functions even when the eyes themselves show no obvious injury. Since the visual characteristics of chicks* eyes approximate closely those of a human, the author concludes that protective lenses excluding the- dangerous rays should be worn by ^elders and their helpers, skiers, fliers, sun bathers .and others oxnosed to the radiation. 1251 Unusual Form? of Nystagmus. K.D. Smith and F.K. Riesenman. Arch. Ophth. 55. 15-15 (Jrn.- -v4r) The authors hi:--v.'.ss several unusual and comparatively rare forms of nystagmus, and present i:lulled case report. Two types of ocular nystagmus, volition0! and occupy z:.jy r j. .--nd a form of mixed nystagmus due to compression of the upper cervical po: on cf the cord, are considered. Persons with voluntary nystagmus have never hr5 true nystagmus. The voluntary nystrgraus of hysteria is jerky and irrs^ulrr. "Tith three exceptions, and excluding miners* nystagmus, a re view of the liter;ture of the past 25 years fails to reveal any case of occupa tional nystagmus. Occupational nystagmus results from interaction of several factors: poor and improper illumination, mechanical to-and-fro movement of the eyes incident-: 1 *o the particular occupation, --J *"tirue. -- Am. J. Ophth. 03118594 ^1 S3 i _j n 126? A S~'.~rle Method of resor.strgtlr.e Nystagmus in Cer O'" 9 3rit. 7. Ocht:*. 26, 593-599 [Zee., 1944) cs In order to demonstrate the c^sea o: nystagmus <t. ioh are present or.lv in a stooping position, the author recommends the use of ? concave mirror 12 cm. in diameter with .? curvature of -0.75 D. The pa: lent stoops and fixes his 2 gaze on tnis mirror in the dark. "'hen he reports that the eve movements have bygun, the examiner sees the oscillations (mngr.if led) in the mirror **itn the aid of a pocket torch. -- An. J. Ophth. 1253 Clinical effects of Vibrating Tools. 3rit. Med. J., 741 (Map 26, 1345) The results accruing from the use of vibrating tools are summarised. Se"er~l clinical syndromes have been reported: white fingers, arthritis of the rrist, elbows and shoulders; the formation of areas of uecalcification in the bones of the carpus; one. injuries of the palmar aponeurosis and the ulnar nerve. The authority lor each of these conditions is given. The most important of these syndromes is the vascular disturbance which produces anemia of the fing ers of the hand holding the tool; cold is a precipitating factor. When once "white fingers" have been established thev tend to recur even though use of vibrating tools has been given up. This article is a useful one for reference. -- J.I.K. & T. 1264 Distant Second?!"/ Circulatory and Vasomotor Reactions to Accidental Tlectr-ic Shock. G.H. Hyslop. Bull. II. Y. Acad. Med. 21, 302-306 (June, 1945) The direct effect on traversed blood vessels is an initial constriction followed by a period of dilation which may be severe nnd prolonged enough to cause secondary hemolysis of the blood. The blood pressure behavior follow ing electrical shock is the same us after any shock process. There have been numerous coses of cerebral damage which cannot be satisfactorily explained, although several possible explanations are presented. 1265 Hot Humid Environments Its Effect on the Performance of a Motor Co-Ordination Test. J.S. Uciner and J.C.D. Hutchinson. Brit. J, Ind. Med. 2, 154-157 (July, 1945) Three groups of experimental subjects:- resting nude subjects given a short exposure to an "effective" temperature of 91F., clothed subjects after work in an environment of "effective" temperature of 88F., and a nude subject dur ing long exposure to an environment of "effective" tempereture 82F.-96F. both resting and after work, all sho?/ed deterioration in the performance of a psychomotor co-ordination test. The deterioration in performance was due to slowness of movement and in most of the subjects to inaccuracy in handling the balls. -- Authors' summary. 1266 nutrition in Review. Report of the Hew York State Joint Legislative Committee on nutrition. Legislative Document No. 49, 191 pp. (1945) This report includes papers on wide variety of subjects relating to nutrition, including such varied subjects as the European food situation, black markets, nutritional education, frozen food lockers. Skin Diseases and Burns 1257 Dermatitis from Cutting Oilg. G.P.B. Whitwell. Lancet, 529-530 (April 28,1945) The difference in the reaction of the skin to the various cutting oils presents an interesting problem. The tendency of c given oil to produce oil acne or to 03118595 C=3 Industrial Kvgier.e direst - 17 Tecenber, 13;.= blcc.-: tie :_eir follicle secc.s not ? function of physic-" 1 property, t siyiestic-. is r.rdc- tint the c-rcinoienic. properties c: the oil may be the fsitor of ir.oort.':.oe. The author bus found that the non-soluble oils which hove beer, thicre- -?ith pcrnffin tend to produce severe acne =r.d severe eccer told rashes, vherees the soluble oils have the opposite effect. The tricb, heavy oils ore rot necessarily the most toxic, Discussion is giver to show thrt the more refined lubricoting oils usually cause less trouble then the cruder fores. Investigation br- industrial chemists would ao much to end the uncertair.tv of this problem. Lastly, the relation of oil folliculitis to seborrhea. and oil ?.cne is discussed. -- J.I.H. & T. 1263 Cutting Oil Lerm.-titis Control. J.l. Carpenter and W.D. Clark. Inf. i'ed. 14. 756-74? (Sept., 1945) ''The purpose of this paper is to offer nothing new in the control of oil der matitis, 'out to show that by following the well established principles of cleanliness and selection of employees, oil rash can be eliminated." 1269 Contact Dermatitis from Rubber Gas Mask. J.C. Gilbert. Ann. Allergy 2, 559 (Julv-Aug. 1944) Gilbert reports another instance of dermatitis resulting from use of a gas mesh. A patch test with the gas mask rubber elicited a positive reaction. A different typo of as mask was suggested for the patient. -- Arch.Deraat.d Syph. 1270 Dermatitis in a Group of Workers Using Waterproof Khaki Cloth Treated with Antimildew Agents. Industrial Health Officer, Philadelphia [Java lard. Safety Rev. 5, 12-13 (Oct., 1945) An outbreak of dermatitis occurred among 150 workers employed in processing khaki cloth that had been treated with an antimildew agent. The eruptions were essentially erythematous, papule pruritic, and eczematous, not vesicular or suppurative. The antimildew agents are a group of chemicals with known skin sensitizing properties. Sensitive persons either become hardened or develop an eruption. It is advisable to permit persons with light eruptions to continue at the operation for two weeks, using skin protective creams and bland washing agents, or if the protection is inadequate, leather, synthetic rubber or vinylitc gloves. If the eruption does not subside the worker should no longer handle the treated cloth. Directions for patch tests are given. 1771 A New Pressir-? for Burns and Extensive Abrasions. G.S. King. Ind. Med. 14. 796-737 (Oct., 1945) The author describes his own method of applying dressings to bums. An envel ope of verv thin, pliable cellophane is used. The lower surface of the en velope is perforated with many very dmall holes, while the upper surface is left intact. The envelope is filled with the desired medication and applied with the perforated side directly upon the burned surface. As the ointment gradually melts it seeps through the openings to come in contact with the wound. The dressing may be left in situ without- change at least twice as long as a gauze dressing, and it is easily removed without pain or adhesiveness to the 'ound surface. The envelopes of medicated ointment may be prepared in advance and kept in jars in layers to be removed one at a time. These envelopes make an excellent first application for skin grafts and also for follow-up treatments. 1272 3ums from Hot Sg_r-ling__r8X. John Sassani. Ind. .Med. 14, 430 (May, 1945) In ar. accident in which melted sealing wax spilled over a worker's hand and then formed a thick, hardened mold around it, it was found that the wax could be frozen with ethyl chloride and in that brittle state could be broken and 03118596 M BB-M 11S75 Industrial Hygiene ligest - 13 SO December, 19-'5 removed very easilv rithout farther serious damage or pair. to the tally burr.air ya.rt. Prolonged apolio'ticn of ethyl chloride to the wax wrs four.c uniesir-.'bfb, as it made the -a?x sticky, complicating its removal. -- J.I.K.S T. es ca SB Industrial Medical Practice 1273 The Use of Aluminum in Silicosis Control. I.R. Tabershaw and B.T. Tebbens. Inc. Med. 14, 709-711 (Sept. 1945); J. Med. Assoc., Alabama (Sept. 1945) This paper constitutes a review and analysis of the use of aluminum in the control of silicosis, by means of data gathered by personal interview and ob servations at various centers in the United States where aluminum is used ,,--j either ac a prophylactic or therapeutic agent. The following points have been established by animal experimentation: (1) if alumina and quartz lodge in the same cell the effect of the qu:rtz is neutralized; (2) further progression of tissue reaction is ^rre-sted by this phenomenon; (3) mature silicotic lesions become static and inm- ;ure lesions are resolved; (4) the presence of aluminum does not Qlter the distribution of -uartz in the tissues; (5) the effect of aluminum after inhalation is prolonged (a single large dose may remain ir. the tissues for over a year); and (6) the presence of aluminum in the tissues pro duces no toxic effect .in healthy animals with one possible exception, that hydreted alumina in large doses may alter the body defenses against tubercu losis. The authors discuss the merits of a particular type of hydrated alumina, ns used by Gardner, and aluminum used throughout in the Canadian investigations, and concludes that the choice is a matter of personal preference. After re viewing the work of hnnr.on on therapy and discussion of the place of aluminum in orophylnxis, the authors conclude: (1) the widespread use of aluminum as a therapeutic agent should be encouraged if strictly controlled by means of medical observations; (2) aluminum therapy should also be used in limited number of silicotics without disability such as those still, or recently ex posed to silica dust and individuals with a precocious susceptibility to the disease; (3) as a prophylactic agent aluminum should be considered only an adjuvant to engineering control. 1274 Aluminum Therapy for Silicosis. L.R. Johns and S.J. Petronella. Monthly Bull. Indiana St^te Ed. Health, 48 , 203, 216-217 (Sept. 1945) A report on aluminum therapy *nd prophylaxis, using 276 employees of a foundry, 75 of which completed treatment. Each man was given a thorough examination, including chest X-ray, before and after the 30-40 treatments, which completed the course. The methods of preparing the aluminum, end of administration are fully described. The subjects were classified into eight groups before and after treatment, depending on the presence and state of silicosis, and then into four groups indicating the degree of improvement. None of the subjects treated became worse. The authors conclude: (1)"Inhalation of aluminum powder, while not a cure for silicosis, results in the amelioration of symptoms of silicosis and an increased capacity for *-ork in a significant high percentage of cases. (2) Inhalation of aluminum powder gives no evidence of toxicity. (?) There is oarly evidence that aluminum therapy will be of v^lue as a pro phylactic measure." The experiments are still in progress at the plant men tioned end at one other, end fuller results may be expected in the'future. (Ed. Note: The data indicate that while 52% of the test subjects -lth defi nite evidence of silicosis experienced "definite improvement", 62% of those without evidence of silicosis also experienced "moderate improvement".) 03118597 'x" u\ wO a S h b S-1&B1157/ Industrial Hygiene ligest - 12 December 1275 industrial -e.alth Examinations. in the Iron and Steel Industry American Iro: me Steel Institute, 350 Fifth Ave., Hew York 1, N.Y. 25 pp. (Oct., 1945) This report ^iscusses recommended practices in industrial be'Ith er-Piratic.-, es-scisliy adapted to the Iron ar.d Steel Industry alined toward better ^nd t.c uniiorm practices. Four principal types of examinations .are considered: (1) Primary exrr.ir.rtion, given to an applicant, is ? complete ex'.mir.'-'tion fo general fitness, aiscovery of minor disabilities, for -vr, initial industrial health record. (2) Seeded examination, -?fter illness, injury or transfer, ar.d limited large!}' to the needs of the occasion, or to special requirements of the job. (3) Secondary examination, given periodically to employees in occupations which involve known health hazards, with a view to protecting the employees. (4) Termination examination, given on termination of employment after illness, La jury or for other causes, in order to determine any ill effects from his employment. The scope of any industrial health examination should be suffi cient to provide t reasonable appraisal of the applicant1s physical and mental fitness for. employment. The examining physician should be familiar "ith em ployment requirements in the iron and steel industry, end a female attendant should be present during the exasirution of women. All findings of a question able nature should be discussed with the examinee and with his family physician. It is suggested feat each applicant be requested to sign a form stating that the medical examiner has informed him of any ailments, defects, or physical or mental disabilities, which h'<ve been revealed. Simple forms or recommended methods re presented as general suggestions but many of them may vrrjr with the size of tie plant, the executives of which 3hould study, select and adapt the suggestions to their respective requirements. 1276 The Personal Side of the Arnry Industrial '.edical Program nt the San Francisco Port of Embarkation. J.S. Felton. Ind. lied. 14, 629-631 (August, 1945) Dispensary oersoanel of semi-professional ^nd clerical levels can be trained through careful planning, to develop professional attitude in their contact with patients in r. large, out-patient service rendering medical csre to many thousands of workers. Successful completion of such training will result in a better end freer delegrticn of authority and responsibility in the accomp lishment of r-n important medical war-time mission. Better efficiency and im provement of worxer morale can be affected in a professional group .Those sole commodity is the rendering of person*! service. -- Author1s conclusions. 1277 Dengrtnent of Industrial Health. R.E. Lane. Ind. Med. 14, 797-798 (Oct.,1945) The "'epart'v.nt of Industrial Health in Manchester University, Manchester, England, is describee. Courses of instruction are provided for those cbout to t-ke up industrial medicine as a career and for part-time physicians in this field, cs well as for industrial nurses. It aims to provide ?. common meeting ground for -all who are interested in occupational health. Plans are being Bfde iot departmental staff members to travel in other countries. An exchange of post-graduate students in industrial medicine between Britain and the United States is suggested. 1273 Hot- the. .Employer 'bv Evaluate His rilsdical Service. F.M.P. Bulmer and G.R. VcCall. In-', >:ed. 14, 787-789 (Oct., 1945) An attempt has been r.-dv to provide the employer with a clearer concept of the functions of '-n industrial medic*} service. It is important for all workers to have ready recess to the medic-1 department for the diagnosis of trifling conditions ~hich night develop into mors serious trouble. Tnclxided is a ques tionnaire, to be filled out by the dep `-rti-iciit heads> n-;*b ch 'ill r.vj.iu/ite the cooperation of the medical department with the other departments. A system is described to evaluate the -,rork done in the medical department using the visit rate and the cost per visit as well as the cost per worker per year. 03118598 * _n? -J in Industrial Hvriene digest - 20 ao -ecem oer, 1945 r*. 1279 T^vsic*,] <;f:dicin3 ir. Industry. J.M. Orlisle and P..0. i.,c.7.orris. ArA. ?..vs. S 28, 355-553 (June, 1945) ^ The authors outline the general nm ger.ent of, and the necessary eouiprr.eno foig the ohvsiccl medicine department in a plant with 7,500 employees. The out- ^ standing advar.t'-ges of such a department in sn industrial medical service are creservted: Better medical service can be provided, eiectrodi3gnostic proce dures nav he used, there is s financial saving both to the medical service and to the emolovee, and it is a morale builder for the worker# -- J.I.K. 1* T. 1780 An Industrial -dental Hygiene Program for Federal.JLiplovees. J.n\ Cronin, 3. Solby and 'k.S. hilder. Pub. Health Kept. 60, 1325-1336 (Nov. 9, 1945) The introduction of mental hygiene programs into industry results from the conviction thnt thev will benefit both production .and performance. This exten sion of mental hvgiene measures beyond the traditional limits of the medical field into the realm of personnel administration, points to completelv new vistas of meat-1 health for our adult productive population. In addition to the preventive aspects of such a program an unexplored field of psychotherapy is opened, in which the psychiatrist becomes an educator as well as a physician. Psychiatry in industry rrill not take the place of efficient personnel management and supervision, but it offers a new orientation as basis for methods which personnel management will develop. -- From authors' conclusions. 1231 The Future of Medicine in Industry. H. Bortle. Ind. Med. 14. 794-796 (Oct., 1945) The author sees the future of industrial medical service as the unlimited appli cation of the achievements of medicine and surgery to the welfare of all workers and he believes that "industry and labor, in splendid tesm ork, will support and promote medic'1 research, fellowship and other features to promote and ad vance industrial health". 1232 Simple Guides for History Taking. C. Leggo. Ind. Med, <14, 697-698 (Sept.,1945) A guide to sound practices in case history recording in the industrial dispen sary is offered, with comments which apply regardless of the form in which the record is kept. The principles laid down attempt only to describe the essen tials of cse recording end the special points stressed are: the date should include the year; the History should describe when, where, how, what, and the treatment and disposition of each claimed injury; any unusual incident should bo mentioned; each entry made by cither a nurse or a doctor must bo signed. 1283 Added Infection in Industrial Founds. B. Clayton-Cooper and F.E.O. Williams. Brit. J. Ind. Med. 2, 146-155 (July, 1945) Of 531 small ~-ounds rnd septic lesions examined in the surgeries of 19 different factories, 43* were infected rith pyogenic cocci. In general, the older the wounds the higher was the infection rate. A detailed comparison of 472 wounds treated in two factories engaged in similar work, but where different dressing routines ~erc followed, shored that the incidence of infection was less in the surgery '"hore the wounds 'ere treated with a relatively rigorous no-touch dress ing technique. In tire surgery with the higher infection rate, where the wounds **ere handled more freely, the obvious deficiencies in the dressing routine were of the -rind that would facilitate the spread of pyogenic microbes from one pa tient to another and it is highly probable that cross-infection of this kind was responsible for a substantial part of the difference in infection rates. The extra burden of infection assoeieted with the less rigorous technique is not primarily an indication for the adoption of a full aseptic routine since, in the small wounds studied, infection did not notably increase the average 03118599 es) i_~> --i t=3 Industrial Hygiene digest - 21 disability no the patient. Nevertheless the high i. der.oe of infection ir.- 2 dicetos the existence of * risk which, in tr.e long run , -.'ill manifest itself? ir. occasional severe infection, particulcrly of large rounds; c risk which, g in our opinion, can be substantia 11 v minimised b" the -doctier, of n si:; le rigorous routine of dressing. -- Authors' summary. 1284 Education ir. Industrial H-orlth. Report of the education Ccmoittee of the Association of Industrial kedicnl Officers. Brit. J. Ir.d. ked. 2, 158-iSC (July, 1345) Great Britain has the sane general problems in industrial health as the Onited States. Their present facilities for education in industrial health nre quite inadequate 'cut there is prospect of early improvement. Undergraduate training in industrial health should be carried out in every medical school *-nd medical post-graduate training should be available at universities in industrial areas. There is need for the training of nurses for industry and for the education of laymen in industrial health, especially social workers and hospital personnel. After a term of post-graduate study a Diploma of Industrial Health should be instituted solely by the Royal Colleges. -- From authors1 summary. 1285 Industrial Health. A Tale of Three Cities. Health Advisory Committee, Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Washington D.C. 24 pp. (1945) Recent advances in industrial health plans in three typical American cities are described. I. Williamsport. Pa. Industrial health service in 1945 was inadequate rs in most cities. The first step was a campaign of publicity end education of the public and of individual companies conducted by several in terested societies. Then the main program begen with X-ray chest surveys, blood tests for venereal diseases, follow-up supervision of those diseases and advising employers on veteran rehabilitation. As results of the campaign to date: (1) 11 of the larger companies have integrated medical service or health units; (2) 61 industries have some degree of medical service; (5) at least five out of seven plant employees have group health insurance; (4) at least four out of five employees have had chest X-rays and all school children will be X-rayod in 19'\5; (5) employees and homemakers have been impressed with the importance of proper nutrition; ?nd (6) absenteeism has been decreased in plsnts having health units. Mony letters testify to the success of the pro gram. The general plan adopted by the Lycoming County Medical Sooiety for small plants involves the presence of a physician for a stipulated time at each plant, with e. minimum of an hour a week per 100 workers, end the same physician may be retained permanently or a plan of rotation used. II. Phila delphia. Trade and medical organizations cooperated in developing a general industrial medical service program. Five ltemate methods for small plants are proposed, two of which are variations of the Lycoming County plan, and the others involve dispensaries established and supported by a group of small industries in the same building or adjacent. Publicity, contact with a number of industrial groups, and full discussion of possibilities are still a part of the growing program. Out of 623 industries contacted, 98 have instituted or added some form of medical service plan. III. Los Angelas. The program of publicity education, X-ray examinations and blood tests were much the same as in the other cities, especially as given for Williamsport, rnd the extent of the tests is rapidly expanding. Other problems attacked include hospital facilities, cross connections in the water system, moscuito and rat abatement, smoke end fume control, dental hygiene, veteran relationships, interruptions in garbage collections, end health legislation. Here also industrial health service in small plants is receiving a large share of the attention. The con clusion states that the accomplishments of these three cities may be duplicated in ny other city through initiative and cooperation of the chamber of commerce or similar <*rour> with the medic*! society. ^ 03118600 HWBB-0HI1580 Industrial Hygisne Digest - 22 December, 1943 l?.8c Dental Programs for Indiana Industries. L.D. Keaccck. Monthly Bull. Indiana Strte 3d. Health (Oct., 1945) Dentistry is receiving recognition as part of industrial hygiene. The indus trial dental program should be staffed and equipped to render dental services, including: (1; preplacement and periodic oral examination end diagnosis for all employees; {?.) emergency service, including the treatment of occupational injuries and disease; (3) treatment and eradication of oral sepsis; (4) ade quate recording of findings md recommendations; end (5) education in dental health and follow-up of individuals to encourage complete and regular dental service. The dental program should be an integral and veil coordinated part of the industrial health service and in large plants may require the full time services of one or even more dentists. 1287 Standing Orders for Nurses in Industry. American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., 3oston. Ind. Nursing, .4, 15-22 (Sept., 1945) This pamphlet for industrial nurses presents a uniform set of orders which should serve as a guide for treatment and advice to the workers who come to the plant dispensary. These orders may be amended or revised by each plant physician and should bear his signature of approval before they become effec tive. The orders cover emergency procedure and routine care of the various types of industrial injuries with special emphasis on fracture and eye in juries, non-occupntionsl and minor illnesses, dermatitis, and pregnancy. 123S The Psychiatric Approach in Industrial Nursing. C.A. Bonner. Ind. Nursing, 4, 12-14 (Sept., 1945) "Today the industrial nurse is regarded as an essential and integral member of the well-orgcnized industrial set-up." There are not enough psychiatrists to provide :lirect care for the so-called average normal person in industry, but "an industrial nurse, blessed with good sound common sense and elementary knowledge of psychiatric causes and effects may be a very valuable factor in the development of morale" among plant workers. In dealing with personality problems, an approach should be made along four lines: n thorough physical examination; on understanding of the personality of the individual; en inves tigation of the home situation; sad an analysis of the job situation in terms of the worker rad his adaptability to the particular type of work that he is doing. In all of these investigations the nurse is invaluable. 1239 Accidents bv Any Other Nrme. Henry Ross. Chem. and Met. Eng., 52, 96-99 (July, 1945) The author, writing under a nom de plume, tells about 3 long established com pany that, despite a good safety record and a competent medical staff, still lost, by early sickness and death, roeny comparatively young men in responsible positions. Worry r-mong executives is believed to have played a large part in bringing about these illnesses. A psychiatrist could have aided most of the men cad saved many of their lives. The remedy lies in the employment of an industrial psychiatrist for the plant. 1290 Uses and Velue of Industrial Vital Statistics. Ruth R. Puffer. Am. J. Pub. Health, 35, 553-558 (June, 1945) Statisticians would be of reftl value in industrial hygiene activities, both to provide data for the definition of the health problem at hand ana to study the common causes of illness in the general population as they affect industry. The author recommends a study of all absences of one calendar day or longer. -- J.I.H.ST. 03118601 NWBB-0Hirj81 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 December, 1943 Industrial Relations, Personnel -- 'J su 1201 Responsibilities of Employers to Professional Employees. Roger Adams. Chen, me Eng. Mews, 2Z_, 1706-1711 (Oct. 10, 1945) The author presents an impartial and timely discussion of the relations of corporations -ith their professional employees, including such subjects as training, salaries, bonuses, publication of scientific papers, attendance at scientific meetings, and cooperation between research men, salesmen ~nd manage ment. 1292 The Personnel Director and His Postwar Job. F.A. Magoun. Personnel, 2, 109113 (Sept., 1945) A good personnel director is not content to remain just an employment manager but will see in his job the opportunity to be a staff officer, adviser and policymaker in his field. Under his jurisdiction come all sorts of problems which he must understand and communicate to executives, foremen and workmen, and bring to them the psychological requirements for cooperation. Kis real function is to diagnose and safeguard the mental health of the organization, achieving his effectiveness more by persuasion than by authority. 1293 The Coming Ago of Industrial ..iedicine. L.G. Rowntree. J.A.M.A., 129. 595600 (Oct. 27, 1945) The war hrs taught us the value flnd. the problems of the health and fitness of individuals. Poster plans stress the need in medical and dental schools for organised research in industrial health, and for more extensive instruction in hygiene, toxicology, industrial medicine and traumatic surgery. There is need for b-.sic training program/hSI industrial health personnel. There must be a closer cooperation with labor and with management to give the individual workman and the rural communities more adequate health services and hospitals, and bettor health education programs. Putting the Disabled Veteran Back to 77ork 1294 Rehabilitation of the Blind. E.M. Feiman. Ind. Med., 14, 649 (Aug., 1945) In the manufacture of Timken tapered roller bearings, it is essentipl. that the diameter of various parts be ground to within very fine dimensions of the specified sizes, and in the final inspection, the rejection of those parts over nd under specification is controlled by different colored lights. The Timken Roller Bearing Company has invented a sound detector which does the same work, thus enabling blind operators to complete this very fine inspection by means of their ears. File testing is another job accomplished by the blind 'here the operator differentiates by rtfeel" as to the hardness or softness of steel for rejection or pass. It has been found that blind employees can per form about 80 percent as efficient work as the regular employee, ?nd the re sults observed are gratifying to those instrumental in the rehabilitation of the blind by developing new methods. 03118602 AA oc m .n C=3 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 24 December, 1945 CN,' 00 LT> 1295 Aid to Physically Handicapped. A.B. Kelley. (Report of Rep. Kelley of Ponnswl- vania in the House of Representatives.) Congressional Record, Proceedings Debates of the 7th Congress, First Session, Nov. 1, 1945. 4 pp. i The author, as chairman of the Committee on Labor, Subcommittee on Aid to ca Physically Handicapped, presents the Report (See our Abst. 1296) with recon-i* mendations for correcting the abuses in the system of fitting disabled veterans with artificial limbs. 1296 Aid to Physically Handicapped. Hearings Before the Committee on Labor, Sub committee on Aid to Physically Handicapped, House of Representatives, 79th Congress, First Session. U.S. Gov't. Printing Office. 1305 pp. (through Part 15) (1945) The purpose of the hearings is indicated in the remainder of the title, "Pur suant to H. Res. 45, a resolution authorizing the Committee on Labor to con duct an investigation of the extent and character of aid now given by the federal, state end local governments and prints agencies to the physically handicapped, and for other purposes". The following sections are included: Part 9, Monopolies and Advertising Affecting the Welafrc of Physically Handi capped; Part 10, Philadelphia, Pa. (hearings conducted at Philadelphia); Part 11, Epilepsy; Part 12, Accident Prevention; Part 15, Cancer; Part 14, Tuberculosis; and Part 15, Amputees. The parts are obtainable separately. 1297 Re-employment of Ex-Servicemen in the Iron and Steel Industry,. _A_-Survey rad Report. American Iron end Steel Institute, 550 Fifth Ave,, New York. 16$ pp., mimeographed. (Aug..-I944y a*pt.y 3.Q45J This report includes statistics on employees in the armed forces, number re employed, a general discussion of the problems involved, detailed reports on the reemployment plans of four large companies, in addition to the Peoria Plan and sample record forms. A bulletin of the Selective Sorvice System on Infor mation Concerning the Veterans1 Assistance Program is reprinted fully, followed by an address on Reemployment by Major Golder, case histories of reemployed veterans, and the Managements Check List issued by the National Association of Manufacturers. 1298 Employment of Ex-Servicemen in the Iron and Steel Industry. Study end Report. American Iron and Steel Institute. 9 pp. (Sept., 1945) This is a supplement to the earlier Report (See our Abst. 1297) bringing the statistical material up to date by means of a second questionnaire. Up to June, 1945, 186,751 iron and steel industry employees had entered the service, and 33,159 ex-servicemen had been reemployed, including 14,779 former em ployees, which is 7.956 of the total. 1299 The Veteran Returns to Industry. A Soldier Speaks. W.S. Davis, Personnel, 22, 121-127 (Sept., 1945) This is an enlisted man's impression of industry4 s efforts to reorient the veteran of World War II and it is not a favorable one. He says that most per sonnel men seem unaware of the deep transformation wrought in the attitudes of their former employees by army life, and of the new philosophy *nd work habits soldiers have acquired. He emphasizes three ways in which industry can and should help every veteran, namely: (l) the servicemen must be con vinced that private industry sincerely wants to help him get a start back in civilian life at 0 good job; (2) industry must impress upon him that the only thing which can be offered him is the opportunity to work, and that he, him self, must prove his worth; (3) he must be taught again how to work and how to regain his initiative and the desire to do a good job. 03118603 60) P. m as --* Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 December, 1945 S S 1300 Medical Problems of the Vetcr^fl1 Administration. ?.R. Hawley. J.A.M.A., 1Bs9, 21-522 (Oct. 15, 1945) "ligf Gen. Hanley discusses a number of problems connected 'vith the care and rehc ob lation of disabled veterans and the reorganization of the Medical Service of the Veterans' Administration. Ed. Note: See abstract of Gen. Hawley's presentation et the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Industrial Hygiene Foundation in the Nov., 1945 DIGEST, 1301 Rehabilitation of War Personnel Subjected to Aural Trauma. D.S. McEachcrn. Can. Med. Assoc. J., _53, 421-425 (Nov,, 1945) Many veterans have sustained auditory damage. There is need for the develop ment of an assistance program for the deaf1 and the hard-of-hearing. Deafness becomes a special, problem because it carries with it a large number of psy chological factors: the deaf tend to minimize their handicaps, to develop un warranted suspicions, to misinterpret sounds and to develop deterioration of speech. A fully rounded program should be developed in which psychological and employment factors are considered. The cause and degree of hearing loss should be ascertained by medical examination and proper hearing aids selected. Lip-reading and speech correction should be a part of the program. It is sug gested finally that a skilled "Employment Counsellor* should be available. 1302 Experiences_with Veterans in Industry - Follow-up Report. J.F. Johnson end R.P. TJalsh. Ind. Med., 14, 789-794 (Oct., 1945) 1. During the past year there has been no significant change in the physical and mental make-up of individuals comprising the veteran group as a whole in our experience. (A) There has been a sligat increase in the numbet of veterans who have been wounded in combat. At present they comprise 1.2% of our entire group. Some two-thirds of our total veteran group have Certified Disability Discharges. (B) The so-called neuropsychiatric gr^up have not been a problem. They comprise approximately 50% of the Certified Disability Discharges in our group. In our experience, 97% of the veterans were graded by their foremen as satisfactory (or better) in work performance. (C) Evidences of adjustment difficulties are more conaon during the first six months of employment and decrease rapidly thereafter. (D) About 20% of veterans in our group ore over 53 years of age, 50% between 50 and 58, and 50% between 18 and 30. 2. Disa bility as it appeared in our veteran group did not decrease productive effi ciency. (A) A system of job placement respecting disabilities is beneficial mutually to employee and to employer. (B) Medical details of physical condi tions can be kept confidential. (C) 17% of veterans with Certified Disability Discharges do not acknowledge the disability present. This may lead to im proper job placement if the disability is not detected on physical examination. 3. The rate of turnover in our veteran group per month is somewhat less than in our civilian group. (A) Since the Ear Manpower Commission no longer insists on a Certificate of Availability for veterans, there have been few disciplin ary discharges. (B) In our group, disability (mental or physical) has not been a casual factor in disciplinary discharge cases. 4. Employers should have a list of official local agencies which assist veterans. 5. In our experience, the seriously incapacitated veterans have not yet appeared as applicants for jobs (up to April. 1945) in any significant numbers. 6. A policy of greater consideration, but not of greater privilege, has so far proved satisfactory to both management and the veteran. -- Authors' summary. 03118604 Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 25 Absenteeism, Hours of Labor, Etc. December, 1945 So i ea 1303 Factors Contributing to the Excessive Use of Sick Leave. Leon Schwartz. Ind. Med., Uj. 646-549 (Aug., 1945) A study of 100 government female office workers who took excessive sick leave during a six-month period and a control group of 100 who took no sick leave during the same period of time revealed important and interesting socioeconomic and medical differences between the two groups. The latter group consisted of a greater number of more recently employed women with lower salaries and ^ith little responsibility} in general they were young, married, and had a large emount of domestic responsibility; their health habits were poor and physical examinations disclosed a large number of defects. The other group showed a large number who wore receiving fairly high salaries, had long periods of ser vice, and held responsible positions; the majority were unmarried, with neg ligible domestic cores and in general they observed good health habits. -- From author* s summary and conclusion. 1304 A Procedural Aid in Absentee_C.Qntr.Ql. C.A. Wood. Personnel, 22, 196-198 (Nov., 1945) The Absence Call Cord described cuts down unwarranted absenteeism by requiring immediate advance notices of absences with statements of reasons; also, it has facilitated record-keeping, saved time, and in general developed e more res ponsible employee attitude toward absenteeism The employee calls a special extension number which identifies it as on absence call, and he provides the information indicated on the card, giving name, clock number, foreman's name, reason for absence and when return to work may be expected, all of which are recorded on a ticket-duplicating machine. The three tickets go to the person nel office, to the plant superintendent's office and to the foreman. An ab sence call made to any other extension number or in any other manner is not considered official. 1305 Sickness Absenteeism Among Industrial Workers f Second_Quarter of 1945. With an Incuirv into the Occurrence of Digestive Diseases, 19S6-45. W.M. Gaf&fer. Pub. Health Kepts., 60, U79-1181 (Oct. 5, 1945) See our Abst. 1188, Oct., 1945. Laboratory Toxicological.Studies 1306 Trichloroethylene: Absorption. Elimination and Metabolism. J.JV Powell. Brit. J. Ind, Mod., 2, 142-14.5 (July, 1945) \ TrfPhlprcovhyiane concentration in the blood of 12 patients daring anesthesia rchgod bet-im 6.5 and 12.5 mg. per 100 cc. Part of the trichloroethylene ab sorbed is converted into trichloracetic acid, and, derivatives of this compound have been prepared from urine. The elimination of trichloroethylene and its metabolite from the body has been studied by analysis of ^lood, urine and ex pired air in four patients after anesthesia. Intravenous Injection of sodium trichlcracetate into animals and human subjects have produced no ill-effects; 03118605 Industrie.! Hygiene Digest - 27 December, 1945 W"\ this salt is excreted rather slowly after intravenous injection. The possible" relation of these findings to the toxic hazards of trichloroethylene end the detection of undue exposure in industry are briefly discussed. The subject reviewed editorially on pag167-158. -- Author1 s summary. ' => Public Health 1307 Tuberculosis Prevention in Industry. M. Poliak, R.H. Runde, H. Vonachen md M.H. Kranenberg, Ind. Med., 14, 691-697 (Sept., 1945) The results of a tuberculosis survey covering 25,676 industrial workers showed the incidence of significant tuberculosis was 1.08$ and that of active pulmon ary tuberculosis was 0.22$. In the age group, 45 years and older, the incidence was about four times that in the 16 to 44 year-old group. In plants using chest X-rays in their pre-employment examinations the incidence was about half of that in the plants not using X-rcyj in photofluorography the roll film camera was found to have the advantage of speeding up mass surveys. The importance of in dustrial surveys from the standpoint of community welfare has been shown, con sidering the groups surveyed as sampling, the case incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in the population group of 15 years end older was estimated as 0.32$ in on industrial community of over 100,000 people. It is suggested that tuberculosis surveys of the industrial plants be repeated regularly by the tu berculosis agencies of the community, at no expense of the employees or manage ment* and that "house organs" published by various plants be better utilized for health education among the workers. A more direct stand on the part of national labor organizations in favor of such surveys could lead to a greater participation of organized labor and thus to its better health protection. -- From authors1 summary. 1308 The Role of a Sanitarian - In an Industrial Hygiene Program. A.L. Kovon end W.S. Johnson. Ind. Med., 14. 704-707 (Sept., 1945) The term "sanitarian" may denote either an engineer, or one who has been trained in a science related to sanitation, or an inspector, depending on in dividual training, aptitude and application. It reviews the dangerous results which arise from careless sanitary conditions and habits in industrial plants, thus showing the important role a sanitarian plays in health education. There is a strong movement toward the recognition of industrial sanitation as a prime ingredient in industrial operations. 1309 The Epidemiology of Influenza in Industrial Workers. L.K. Khotsienov. Gigiera i Sanitariya. No. 4-5, pp* 8-15 (1944) (Russian) * Figures are given for the incidence of influenza in 19 different industries over the period 1925-1939, comprising 9,256,000 cases. Some industries show a much greater incidence than others, end this difference remains constant from year to year, while in all industries tne number of cases has shown n gradual increase during the period studied. The variation in incidence among the in dustries has been attributed to variation in meteorological factors, but the author considers that other factors besides weather are responsible, such as overcrowding and deficient ventilation of factories in winter. Climatic fac tors cannot explain different incidence in two industries at a time whan they are equally unfavorable in both cases. Alleged low incidences in certain in dustries have been attributed to the beneficial effect of radiation (arc-welding 03118606 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 28 December, 1945 NS oc or inhalation of chemicals (chlorine, phenol, etc.), tut there is a low inci- -- dence of influenza in other industries in which these factors are absent. Tho^ mthor quotes figures for the morbidity rate among chemical workors in whom ~ there is no significant difference fran that seen in other industries. He coepc siders that adaptability of the heat-regulating mechanism of the body plays ar important port in lessening the susceptibility to influenza; thus, the incidence is lower in iron-miners, and in agricultural end other outdoor workers. Indus tries "here workers are most crowded show tiie highest incidence, and vice versa; the low incidence in the metallurgical industry is more likely to be due to the absence of overcrowding than to the protective effects of radiation. -- Bull. Hyg. ____i 1310 Public Health in an Industrial Area. State Department of Health, R.H. Riley, Director. Maryland Health Bull., 17. 58-60 (Sept., 1945) The Baltimore County Health Department, the County Medical Association, the Glenn L. Martin Company and the Federal Government have successfully cooperated >--i in a health program for the industrial population in the Middle River area. After more than four years of intensive activity they now have well ordered housing with adequate sanitation, tuberculosis and preschool clinics, day nur series and a nursery school; they control the core and handling of milk and other food products; there is a small infirmary for emergency care with hospi talization available in Baltimore City for more serious or longer cases; there is t. "loan closet" well stocked with blankets, pillows and sickroom needs, which may be borrowed at 25^ per week. Community centers provide wholesome recreation, thus contributing to the mental health. Favorable environmental conditions now prevail and health is maintained at a high level. r------n 1 o Accident Prevention 1311 Inflammability of Natural Gaat Effect of Preasura TTnrm G.W. Jones and R.E. Kennedy. tf.S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. No. 5798. 15 pp. (Feb*, 1945) This report gives the results of tests made to determine the effect of increased and reduced pressure upon the limits of inflammability of natural gas-air mix tures. When natural gas-air mixtures are confined at pressures below atmos pheric, the limits of inflammability are virtually the some as at atmospheric pressure. As the pressures are reduced below atmospheric, the mixtures become more difficult to ignite; however, if a suitable source of ignition is employed, the limits of inflammability are as wide at three pounds per square inch abso- ' lute as they ore at atmospheric pressure. Natural gas-air mixtures are able to propagate flames when ignited at very low pressures. Certain mixtures were found to be inflammable at pressures as low as 1.0 pound per square inch abso-. lute. The lower limits of inflammability of natural gas-air mixtures are vir tually independent of the pressure over the pressure range extending from atmos pheric to 500 pounds per square inch. The upper limit of inflammability is affected markedly by increased pressures, rising as the initial pressure on the mixture increases. This effect widens the limits of inflammability as the pres sure increases. At 1QP pounds pressure, the range of inflammability is about 1.5 times that at atmospheric pressure; at 200 pounds, 1.9; at 300 pounds,2.7; and at 350 pounds pressure, 3.5 times that at atmospheric pressure. It Is thus seen that when natural gas-air mixtures are compressed, the range of inflamma bility is widened, and hazards attending their use are increased corvyffpondlpglyt 03118607 MWBH-001158/ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 29 December, 1945 The calculated limits of typical natural gases are given, from which, by com parison of these with the composition of the natural gas employed in a given process, the explosion hazards may be estimated. -- Authors' conclusions. 1512 Microseismic Method of Predicting Rock Failure in Underground Mining.__ Fart 1. General Method. L. Obert and IT. Duvall. U.S. Bur. Mines, Rept. Invest. No, 3797. 7 pp. (Feb., 1945) All rock formations show microseismic activity when subject to stresses ap proaching the strength of the rock. There is a rapid increase of 10 to 100 fold in the microseismic rate immediately before failure. The larger the af fected area, the longer of increasing microseismic activity before failure. These microseisms or vibrations can be detected by suitable apparatus, include r. geophone which is inserted into a deep drill-hole, amplifiers, and recording apparatus. A skilled operator can detect and locate the microseismic distur bances, two months' training has often boon sufficient. 1313 Blazing Ha zardg__in ^trip Mine a Adjacent to Underground Workings. J.J. Forbes ~nd H.F. Weaver. U.S. Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No. 7296. 5 pp. (Oct., 1944) Precautions necessary for prevention of injury from blasting in strip mines are stated. The principal hazard is the penetration of poisonous gases into the underground mines. Some typical accidents are described. 1314 C&d-Mine Explosions and Coal- and Metal-Mine Fires in the United States During the_ Fiscal Year. Ended June 30. 1944. D. Harrington and W.J. Fene, U.S. Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No. 7330. 35 pp. (Aug., 1945) Both fires and explosions have been decreasing in frequency over a period of years. There was only one major coal-mine fire disaster during the year, but *2 fires and 23 explosions occurred in that period. Causes are analyzed and classified. Electrical sparks, smoking and lighting safety lamps with matches ore among the chief causes. Improved ventilation would have been a corrective in most of these cases. * dame explosions occurred where rock dusting was used, but in most cases 'there was no dusting or it was inadequate. 1315 Surface Storage of Explosives. D. Harrington and E.G. Warnicke. U.S. Bar. Mines, Inf. Circ. No. 7307. 16 pp. (Feb., 1945) Of many thousand storages of explosives inspected during the war, not more than 10* were found bafe or efficient, and great carelessness was often shown in choosing storage places, often in the open, sometimes in houses or sheds, often with little protection against theft. A number of rules for safe storage ore given, with sectional drawings of typical magazines. 1316 Destruction of Damaged. Deteriorated or Unwanted Commercial Explosives. R.D. Leitch and P.R. Moyer. U.S". Bur. Mines, Inf. Circ. No. 7335. 6 pp. (Aug. ,1945) Directions arc given -for disposal of waste dynamite, block powder, smokeless powder, detonators, electric squibs, safety fuse and primacord. Burning is the method recommended in most cases. The question of disposal of nitrogly cerine and other materials not included should be referred to the manufacturer, tut directions for washing nitroglycerine from magazine floors are included. 03118608 INDEX (December, 1945) oo so Absence! go statistics 1504 1305 Book Review 1222 Air analysis organic halogens 1227 Air-borne infections control of 1229 Aircraft assembly control of hazards in 1228 Aluminum prophylaxis 1273 Aluminum therapy in silicosis 1274 Analysis, photometric of certain metals 1224 Anthrax, experimental penicillin treatment 12S6 Arsenic exposure in arsphena- mine manufacture 1257 'sbestos possible substitute 1239 Atmospheric pollution study and control 1234 Aviators bends in 1253 Book reviews and notices 1221-1222-1223 Burns 1272 new dressing for 1271 Cancer, traumatic 1255 Carbon monoxide poiaoring blood changes in 1251 Carbon tetrachloride acute poisoning from 1250 Cuse histories guide to recording 1282 safe handling and stor age 1249 D.D.T. case of poisoning 1243 fate of in body 1246 medical and public health importance 1245 toxicity of 1244 Dermatitis acute mildew agents 1270 cutting oil cutting tools rubber gas mask 1263 1267 1269 Dust diseases results ?;ith new exposure apparatus 1240 Electric shock secondary circulatory reactions 1264 Electrostatic air fil ters design and operating requirements 1232 Ethylene dichloride health and accident hazards ETolofliTM limits 1247 in gas mixtures effect of pressure 1311 Explosives disposal of 1316 safe storage of 1515 Gas poisoning in mine fires 1315 Gloves chemically resistant 1231 tfunrid front effect of 1265 Lhdaatrial ar.saa public health servicos in 1310 Industrial 1286 Industrial health educe- tion 1277-1284 Industrial medical aer- vice by group effort. 1285 evaluation of . 1278 Industrial medical records uses of 1214 Industrial pedicine educational needs 1293 future of 1281 postgraduate course in Book Review 1225 industrial nurres 03 psychiatric 1238 services3*= standing orders for 1287 Industrial psychiatrist need for 1289 Industrial .sanitation 1308 Industrial vital atatis- tics 1290 Industrial woundq added infection in 1283 Influenza epidemiology of Iron foundry 1309 health hazards in 1241 Iron and steel foundry health examination in 1275 Meats.! .hygiene program for industry 1280 Mercury determination in bio logical materials 1226 Methyl chloride intoxication from and treatment 1248 Mine explosions in U.S. during 1944 Nutrition review of Nystagmus 1314 1266 demonstration of 1262 unusual fonts of 1261 Occupational distea jSfltt- trol_______________ Oregon code 1213 Oxygen poiaoTrfng 1252 Pereoimel. director functions and opportu nities 129? Physical matins needs in industry 127? Professional employees responsibility of em ployers to 121 Propylene glvool aerosol experience with 1233 03118609 INDEC (Continued) Phosphorus burns 90-91-92 caries and necrosis 38 prophylaxis for workers 37 Radium absorption radoa/corbon dioxide ratio 42 significance 44 Refrigeration industry hazards 21 Rehabilitation 149 Resuscitation Book Review 16 Silicosis diagnosis of 67 otiology 62 in England 61 wheat dust? 64 Silicosis and siderosis physiological function in 65 Tank vessels vapors in 101 Toxicology industrial 13 Traumatic disease alleged 131 Trinitrotoluene aplastic anemia 53 toxicity 52 Trinitrotoluene poisoning diagnosis and treatment 51 Veterans, rehabilitation 114-115-116-117-118-119- 120-121-122-123-124 Welding fume sampler 94 Wood dusts 'Worker health general X-ray surveys chest 00 U"s es s o=aec 3 *29 144 r