Document 7MrQOy5Jze4BaXnOyMKQkG74j

m AZI-LIA EXPANDED BESEABCH PB06BAM Amh o c a n Zotc. Iwnrvn, In c . nuMr.unn Mil m MADtSOif AVKNUS Htw YORK If. It Y. Ml .-<v. j&r ta0Mt lfl, I960 Rtf.t lP-Jk-60 fc All Ktetert of tte Tecteloal Maoris* Coaaittee, tRa Cfi--lrtl tebctealttae tad tte Load Mpaeata '') Vtctalcol Coaalttae of tte Load Indviairlte Attatmite Btrtwitb la t ocpy of tte Initial Ouertarly Report Vjr ttt felt nrfcrr Oos*aay coterlac tte period 1 April I960 to JO fuse i960 entitled 'totl-Corroelea froportlM of load Mmott U teter tedoeiUt Ptiroua Ratal Prlatrt.' It la, of court#, too atrip to expert practical data froa tkla utlp. tli Wt Z feel Mira that jm will find tte tectelcal dlacoaelea to be of par* tlcular latereet, uodarllalrc at it doaa tte co^Uxltj of tte problaa vfclcfc la tela* tackled. Youra tlnceralp. t! /: ARCi ft A. R. Ooofe -m.ngiRWiuu `i. ai'-Ji u iij h MMRtiwwwRMiJ" j h u iu i u1 JS 271-01 I I I 6 I I I I I I 1I -i- ' #*> + ' . ; -. ** * >' ** * * >*. <* , ^ Froptrti-- of !----------- i. fcttr bdodbli hmui MtUl Pi Initial Qoartorly fcaport 1 Apdl I960 to 90 Jat 1960 to tbo Load ladutrlM Umc UUm Projoet LP-J4-60 ti|U*Pl4har Coafianj Cboaieala rad Matala Dlvlaloo KaMarch Laboratory Joplin, KLaaoorl mm pwwwwwpBow T ^6S ***** tin ,r t KNUKV htrpoii of ir>M>60 Tho purpose of chit project is to develop information on the oee of lead pigponta in water reducible ferrous octal prloert. The inltLal phase of the program la s screening study to select for further study those lead compounds that exhibit tdefinite corrosion lnhlbitive properties under the test condi* `tions. The second phase of the project will study the oore affective lead compounds in s wider variety of vehicle end foreulstioo variables. This Initial Quarterly Report presents s discussion of the background of the project end the reasoning that has led to the experimental prograe herein discussed. The experimental detail are discussed as they are currently being followed. No experimental results are reported ss a coaplete sat of data is not yet available oo a unit of the study. it imtooocnoft The traditional drying oil and oleoreslnous varnish types of paint and coatings vehicles that have been used for several hundred years have been replaced in many applications in recent years by a large number of widely different vehicles. Ksny of the coatings formulations based oo thoso new vehicles do not dopood upon chemical raactiona between pigment and vehicle coapooenta to develop the protective file. The new vehicle# end their uae has necessitated a critical re~exenlnatlon of ail eapecte of paint technology and has shifted the aephesls in much research in this field froo the pigmentstion to the vehicle. One area in which the pigmentation of the coating remains very important is that of anti-corrosive ferrous metal primers. The modern vehicles do enable effective protection to bo achieved with thinner film# and emallar concentrations of the rust lnhlbitive pigments. In some instances the concentration of rust lnhlbitive pigment is reduced to e level where it nay more accurately be described as e chemical additive rather then e pipent in the usual aease. Froject LF-34-60 la Intended to cover the study of load anti-corrosive pigments or addition sgsnts in both automotive end maintenance type finishing systems. The automotive aspects of the project aro being attacked first, primarily because of tho large potential volume requirements sxlstlng for a small mm&er of m HHfe product* and the opportunity presented for tho Lead Industries to d*volop a market In an industry in which they bar*cofora hav* had no significant amount of buainaaa. Tha ecoooedc factor* Justifying thia project aa a atody of water reducible system* aria* fron tha technical problem* aaaoeiatad with tha uaa of organic aolvant *V--ir* ayatan*. Tha traditional paint or coating formulation contain* a conaidarabl* voluna percentage of volatile organic aolvant or diluant which play no part in the final file, and ia laportant only during manufacture, atoraga and application of tha paint. One* tha paint haa boon applied tha organic thinner* praaant only problem*, being raapooaibla for a large variety of film dafacta aa they evaporate from tha film, alowing production achadulaa by their alow rat* of evaporation, presenting hacarda by thair toxic and flammable properties, and making a large con tribution to the modern problem of atmospheric pollution. Many efforts have been directed at the replacement of the organic solvents, at least in part, with that cheapest of all solvents or dispersing media--water. The problem* involved ere many end although such remains to be done sufficient succeaa has beam achieved to develop forwlstlcn systems that are being used in large aeale industrial operations. A factor which introduces e sens* of urgency to this project la the change in design of the engineering of automobile frames end bodies. The recent trend to the "unit body" type of construction has led to an acute corrosion problem. The corrosion of tha "unit body" is not simply an appearance problem, ae It is with a separata body mounted on a separate frame of relatively heavy members and more open construction, but la a possible i source of structural failure with potentially disastrous results. The problem of corrosion here is really a complex Involving not only the properties of the protective naterial* uasd but their i affective application to the intsrlor of aaaentlally blind or closed ahspea that furnish the structural strength for the car. The problem la suds more sevara by the use of calcium chloride, i for the removal of ice from city atreets and for the control of dust on urban roads, which find* Its way Into Internal eavitlea and pockets of the "unit body". i The long tern success of the "unit body* atyle of construction for largo scale manufacture ia aometdiat dependent i upon the effectiveness with which the corrosion problems can be solved. The possible automotive use of paints containing even 9 e email amount of an lnhlbltlve lead pigment per gallon rtprestnts a largo volume of business that aeply justifies e conaidarabl* amount of research. I 5BP5P igpwji|iindjwwt- j iw j iph i'U wnaui-i n.uni HI I iiLliS 1.1A10591 'itirifi nullIfiiirtBitiiitfiffhifii lMiaiiiltii'iM teillV ifw i im'r in- iff11w iii j i i i Itilli! III EXTEJUKEWrAL f A. Technical Organisation of the Project Jhrwrous questions arise In tha design of a research I program that require definite answer* and the election of a pacific course of action. These questions are of two types; I those having to do with the basic reasoning involved and which have a large influence on the value of tha results obtained, and those having to do with the experimental detail and which are I soendiat less important as long as they are consistently applied and intelligently interpreted. In the present phase of the project the choice of the paint formulation, and the selection I of the leed compounds to be tested are of euijor importance, and their choice la hart discussed. I 1. The Faint Formulation for the Screening Testa, a. Introduction. I The modern water-reducible industrial finishes as complex multiphase dispersions, owe their axistance in part V to the development of very effective emulsifying agents and the technology of their use, which has resulted in a large family of water dispersions of synthetic polymers, and copolymers, and modifications, which are termed "latexes". After application I removal of the water phase usually by high temperature (350F.) drying or baking results in a fusion of the polymer phase and the formation of a continuous film. Equivalent results are being W I approached by recont development* in sir dry maintenance type products. The pigments that are also present In suitably dis persed fora will become an integral part of the continuous I polymer film during the fusion or drying process. The pcsslbllielst for variation In foreulatlons I of this type are almost infinite: The choice of polymer and tha method of preparation of the latex. Tha possibility of modifying I the latex with emulsion* of alkyds, epoxy resins, or waxes, or various otlter resins. The use of s large variety of additives to prorot* pigment wetting and dispersion; protective colloids Co I prevent tha several coexisting disperse phases from reacting either eh-*nlcnlly or physically; gntl-foeming sgente; thickening egr'.ct to control consistency; driers and catalysts to promote I tltc desired type of film; preservative* to prevent bacterial growth; and cheatcal sgenta to control pH. A successful formula tion reprerent* a nice bslsnce of many component* end the happy t marriage of many corponent proport lea. I Jf,' Tha possible choices oC a suitable latex vahlcla and fonuUtlM for cha screening part of tha study vara discussed by representatives of tha contractor with a nwbar of loading manufacturers of vehicles, of water-dispersible flnlahaa, and aavaral uaara of water-dispersible flnlahaa. It had boon recognized of course that only general Information on product formulatloo would ba available to ua, but our chlaf concarn waa that our arrtanlng teat fomilatloo would ba of ouch a typa that tha data obtained by lta uoa would ba generally aecaptabla aa being Indicative of tha root lnhibltiva potentlalltlea of tha load pigment teatod. For our taat purpoaaa It waa daalrad that tha eorroaloo raalatanca provided by tha ftla should ba related to tha content of ruat lnhibltiva pigment, and that In tha absence of ouch pl*mante tha mating of tha taat panel should occur rather quickly. The top coats used la aame of the actual applies t loo ays tana are therefore eadtted to reduce tha tine required to develop information on tha pl^antatioo of tha primer. b. Tha Primer Fonulatlon. Tha automotive typa underbody primer fomilatlom finally adopted after acme preliminary experimental work la baaed on Arlon 304 (Archer-Dealt la-Hid land) and Dow 366 Latex (Dow Chemical Co.). A first unit of teats made at a 35PVR did not yield results as satisfactory to us as did a lower PVR which la being used la all teeta. because of tha sensitivity of these formulations to many factors tha aetual brand designations of tha materials used are given. This la not to Imply that other brands giving equivalent results are not available, or that these materials ware salected by ua on tha basis of tests made by ua. Iff! Elg^auqqn , tbs./ioo cai. Iron oxide (C.K. Williams6 Co., WF-b-2093-F) lM.i barytea (C.K. Williams6 Co., Spermite) 322.f China Clay (Minerals 6 Cheatlcals Corp.,AST-400) 26.t Each lead taat pigment la added In an amount sufficient to introduce 0.3 pounds of lead par gallon, and to MMpensate for the volume of tha added lead compound, tha volume of tha three plgmanea of tha base formula tion la reduced by an amount equal to tha volume of tha lead compound added, This maintains a constant pigment volume and a constant ratio of tha three baa# pigments. irn^p^wyjAJ4|?IAjl*j|injjjppuWka. 4 - m.imi. *>m i w% p. mm igi.. lalUttU VAltU Bo A Cel (Matlocal Lead Co .) At loo 304 Urchar-Daoiele-Kidlaod, 431 . .) Haaganaae Kaphtheoate, 61 Hate l (Muodex) Ilroo Drtar Catalyst, 61 Metal(Advenc* Solvent*) Water, deloolaod urfynol 104, 201 la ethanol (Air laAactlaa Salaa Co.) 4.0 137.7 0.01 6.0 102.1 1.2 The alorry of Cha abora eonponenta la adJoeted before ball tiling to a pB of 9.3 with oooethenolraLna. It la ball Iliad for 16 hours or to a Bagran acala alM-- reading of 6. Twelve pounda of atoal balla ara uaad with a lab* oratory charge of 796.9 grama or .1873 gala, for tba baao foraulatloo without tha load raplacooaot. Tba pi gwant dlaparaloo txom tha ball Bill la raduead by tba addltloo of tha following coapooouta to fora tha baale paint upon which tha atoraga alability taata ara nada. Sown warlatlooa of tha baaa fonula aay raquln alight addltlooa of watar to pendt laying down a flla of tha daalrad dry flln thlcknaaa. Dra 366 La tax, 461 N. V.(Dow Chaulcal Co.) "HKt Indiataly prior to uaa tha latax la adjuatod to a pa of 8.3 with NL0B. Triton X-100, 231 N.V.(Rotaa 6 Baaa) 6.6 Carboxyrathylcelluloae 7H3?, 0.731 (Barculaa Twdar Co.) 63.0 Total foraulatloo 1236.3 2. Salactloo of tha Load Mgrant a and Coxpounda for Teat, a. Introduction. Tha original propoaal for thia project Hated a nrabar of Inorganic load cowpounde to bo taatad. Thia llat had baaa coup11ad on tha baala of varloua handbooka, eheadcal raagant cataloga, and reference booka which indicated that auch compound a existed and oould be obtained. Tba granting of tha contract a tarted tha operation of aociaulating thasa ratarlala for tha tast foraulationa. Several of tha ltaua ara no longer available, and conalderabla quastloo axiate 9 m raawgM m A LIA10594 v-.^y &kajjNi^Sfeiifewa&t^'iiiT ItriTimii ^aftrMi ifeii u I I I I ii i i i i i i i I i ' U4IJPP as to tha Identity of the chemical spades of tha materials available under certain a n i. A critical rrrUa of the inorganic load oompound* to bo included In tha project ia thus very important, if tha antlra field ia to bo adequately studied. It uoa not tha original Intention that thia project would involve tha laboratory preparation of any producta to be teated. However, it appear* that aoveral materiala whose tooting ia very desirable, are not ec--arc lolly available and aa they do not prevent any apodal preparation problem* they will be prepared. Aa far aa poealbl* each compound toatad will he repreeantatlve of a data of compound*, or eon* combination of proportiaa, and together all tha compound* will form aorta* in which there ia coma ayatamatlc gradation of propertlo*. The primary intereat la in tha prevention of corroalon of a ferrona natal surface by the pretonco of o Trig eootolning a load compound which by aona mechanism Inhibita, prevents, nr reduce* the corrosion of the amtel. It ia possible that the lead ccnpound uaed la tha paint formulation la Important only as its physical and chemical propertla* operat* to control tha availability of lead la tha proper concentration and ionic ateto to prevent corroalon. It la very Important to tha later* pretatlon of the results of this project that the ocapounos he so choaen chat any beoafleial effect due to the load portion of tha coymid can bo evaluated In tha preaanea of possible later* faring, perhaps beneficial, affects of tha associated anion. The load compounds la tha paint film will bo preaont aa eollde or aa orgaao-mmtalllc complexes ;vith cha vehicle, tome of the reactions vlthia the paint film are probably solid state reactions and the ions lnwlvmd are probably not those that would be expected from the formula aa tha chemist traditionally writes it. Tha problem la complicated by tha tendency of load compounds to Ionise ia aoveral mode* dependant on tha pH, tempers* Cure, concentration, and ionic environment. Ion* in solution may give rise to a whole series of hydrolysis products. To bo affective aa a corroalon inhibitor tha Ionic products of the laad compounds with water, and the Ions that sees la rata oorroslom that ora normally present, mist be of such nature aa to minimise further attack. for the purposea of a broad screening study many considerations become of secondary Importance, although such Items aa coat, toxicity, color, color stability, and availability stay bo deciding factors whara several analogous compound* permit a choice. The properties af the at lac ted eoapounds, however, oust fall within am W*swr & t i 1- practical limits from the view of tha paint maker and users this eliminate* only a few compound*. Chemical handbooks list in tha order of 100 Inorganic load compounds of which perhaps 30 may be of Interest to test. A literature search reveals a paucity of specific data that can b* accepted at face value. b. Types of Lead Compounds. Xt is possible to write chemical formulae for many aeries of analogous compounds whose properties show dissimilarities not easily explained on the basis of each chemical forsulas. Physical studies of many types have revealed complex structures for many coopouods whose composition by chemical analysis la in agreement with an apparently simple chemical formula. Prom the chemical point of view the common leed compounds suy be divided into five classes, ss followsi (A) "Normal* divalent lead compounds, aa PbClg (1) "Normal* tetrsvalent lead compound*, aa tetravalent lead cowpounda of oxy*aelda sre knotxi but in most esses they exist only ss transition compounds. (D) "Basic" divalent lead compounds which ere actually compounds of PbO with the normal compounds of the above types, se la PbO. rbO.PbSOg. (E) "Sasic" load compounds of the Veraer coordination ol-type, which are usually written as 2?b(0H)j.PbX2 trfiere the X may be a variety of anions. This does not exhaust the possibilities of lead compounds since many kno*i double, and triple salts of lead exist and tha field has not bean studied thoroughly. Of particular interest are tha very large mrsber of insoluble polyenion complex compounds of lesd In which one of the anions Is the chloride ion. Compounds exist In many percentage composition* in which the chloride ion is associated with one or mors of these anions; hydroxyl, carbon* ate, sulfate, phosphate, arsensta, chromate, molybdate, silicate, anti-sonata, and others. Kany of thasa occur in nature as minerals. 7 mm w * 1 |p if;^ p p w ii,ii if-HU'i.-ipimgjinjliuipii. IHi|| | | l) ip p w p i V-SfMrV-i*' *-- -Trawr-^ *pw **-~*** ' ,, us. * C- .* 3 *7r~ ! " .- .. . -- /> . LIA10596 Tha lead cation may also b partially replaced with alkali wtala, alkali earths, iron, aluminum, cine and other metal Ions Om might theorise that under aoca conditions a chloride loo entering the paint film, either by migration or through a surface scratch, eight be iOBobilixed or rendered Innocuous by the fonaatlon of an Insoluble lead-iron-chloro-coplex. e. The Inorganic Lead Compounds. There are In the order of 100 possible inorganic lead compound* froa which the selection of a group for test nut be made. Of thata 32 have been selected on the bads of their prior use as plgnenta or their interesting physical, chemical, or structural properties. The available date coepllsd froa various sources with respect to chelr properties are listed in Tablet Ia , B, C and D. The actual nscerlal used for test cay In some instances differ frea the fonula and structure as given here. Where reason* able doubt exists ss to the cheatca1 or physical species present it la planned to uee X-ray diffraction to Identify those phases present A few consents on each compound with cone dis cussion of the res sons fer their inclusion in the test appears desirable. The order of treatment follows that of the table of properties. 1. Lacd Antloonate (Naples Yellow) Historically this it a very old plgnent which has been aost used In cersales. 2. Lead Arsenate The compound desired here Is either that fora which Is itemorphou* with lead ortho-phosphate, or. that fora ccacparablo to the vanadate 3,1. lead Carbonates The normal carbonate (the miner;l cerrusLte) probably represents the end point to which the basic lead carbonate (the rlneral hydrocerrusite) or "White Lead" is converted upon long exposure Co air by the absorption of additional carbon dioxldt. Normal csrbonats upon heating loro* a aeries of anhydrous basic csrbonates that are quite different in physical properties from "White Lead" which contains a hydroxy compound of the Werner ol-type coordination Tie drying temperatures used Ln this tt>>dy are probably not high enough to cauae any significant therrel decomposition of ncr&tl carbonate. ip p . i pi -JXB 5,6. Lead Chlorides These compounds ere of interest because of the very large number of cosplexes in vhich they may enter. T.w chloride loo is very active in promoting corrosion under many conditions end it sight be possible to develop some protection b; providing suitable ccnplexing compounds. The normal chloricis the mineral cotunnlte, and a rxmber of anhydrous basic chloride minerals of varying basicity are know and include Fenfleldite, Matlockite, Heodlplte, and Lorettside. The basic compound TPbO.PbClj is a yellow pigment that has been known variously as Ceasel's Yellow, Turner's Yellow, Veronese Yellow, and Mineral Yellow. Hydrated basic chlorides also exist as minerals sod include Fledlerite and Laurionlte. Related to the hydrated forms, and perhaps also to the basic nitrate, is Pattinson's White Lead tdiich has the formula Pb(OH)Cl. Of these It is planned to teat only the normal and the moat basic compound. More complex chloride coapounds exist as minerals in Which e pert of the lead cation ie replaced by iron, sine, alkali earths, etc., end the anion portion may contain arsenates, pbosphstes, silicates, tltanstes, carbonates, sulfates, etc., in addition to the chloride ion. Some of these may be formed in the paint film from the products of corrosioo. Whether or not they inhibit further corrosion will depend entirely upon their properties. 7,8. Lead Chrometee The known corrosion Inhibitlve properties of the chromate ion make it important to test these in both normal and basic forme. There la perhaps sons relation between their behavior end that of such salts as lead molybdate and tungstate. 9. Lead Cyanamid Thla compound has been highly touted In Europe ee an excellent ruat Inhibitlve pigment. 10. Lead Cyenete This compound may have anti-corrosive properties. 11. Lead Dioxide. This compound is of interest because it is one of the few tecrevslent lead compounds reasonably stable Ij i water, end because of its oxidising properties 12. Lead Hydroxide The hydroxide does not exist in the dry form but loses some water to form e hydrated oxide, Che "lead hydrate" of commerce which has t , ,,** . i.vii i i,,,i w it e f a 'ihn'i f,^ LIA10598 "S J 1"- a composition approximately represented by the formula 5PbO. 2H2O, If basicity la an important aapaet of ruac Inhibitloa thla compound represents tha practical Halt Co which badeity can ba developed by tha use of a lead compound. Part of cha potonclal badeity of laad hydrate may ba loat by reaction# taking place during the preparation and application of tha paint and paint film. 13. Load Molybdate Tha behavior of thla compound ie to be oonpered with laad chromate. 11,15. Laad Nitrates In alkaline aolutlona tha vary aolubla laad nitrate la converted to tha lneolubie bade load nitrate. The aaaa of reduction of tha nitrate ion offare Interacting poaalbllltlee for reactIona. 16. fade laad nitrite It appear* froa a review of tha literature that tha existence of the normal aalt la doubtful. However, suny complexes of the nitrite ion with tha nitrate and hydroxyl loo are daacribed. For our purpose* a preparation yielding tha relatively alopla dibaaic nitrite 2PbO.PbNCU haa been aalaetad. Compounds containing tha nitrite ion are of special interest bacauaa of their uaa in many anti-corrosive compounds. 17. Lead Oxide Lead ooooxida offera tha highest laad content and tha highest density of available coopounds. It should contribute some basicity, is reactive with suny coopounds and although relatively insoluble alone it is quit* soluble in tha presaac* of ostry other coopounds. It exists in two crystalline forms with tha orthorhoobic fora coverting to tha tetragonal form upon ball milling la the presence of water. 18. Laad Ortho-Phosphate. (Pyromorphlte) Tha phosphate coatings applied to iron surfaces for rust lnhlbitlv* purposes sake tests of the phosphates as pigment* very desirable. 19. Lead Phosphite, Dibasic. (Diphos*) As a phosphorous compound of interesting chemical propertlea, and a useful polyvinyl chloride stabiliser this compound la included. 20,21. Lead, and Calcium, Plumbates, (Rad Lead and analogue) These compound* represent the aalts of the hypothetical tetrabasic plumbic acid, HgPbOg . Thaas two compounds by compari son may throw light on whether the rust inhibition of red lead ia Trademark name of the National Laad Company i .^.aiiiM*i i l.i >Mrti.i. .u t il Hteimnin x nit M m* .111) .11^ m u m w w m i'i r " ^ :i - related to tbo proporttoa of the divaloot lead eotloo or the tetravalant plumbste ontoo. 22,23. Load Sllleotoo Frovioue wdt ha a demonstrated ruat Inhlbltlve proport1*a of tho hoale silicate. Silicates are of intoroot oa the boats of choir formation of many complex mineral a, end their uee as polyvinyl chloride stablllxars. Both the normal end boala coopxmdi are found as minorala, Alamoslta, and Saryallite. 24. Lead Slllcoehromate this plpuat combines lead with both the silicato and chromate Iona la a single complex, 25. teed Sulfonate A very soluble salt of lead ueed la some lead plating baths. The presence of the amine group la the aulfamate ion may permit some interesting reactions. 26,27. Lead Sulfates (Angloalto, end Lanark!te) The basic sulfate type of white lead ha a bean used aa a pigment for saogr years. 28. Lead Sulfide (Galena) Naturally occuring lead sulfide, aa galena, has been deposited in many places from sea (sale) water, at evidenced by tho droplets of salt water to be observed In many freshly fractured galena crystals. It will be of Interest to observe the behavior of very finely divided (precipitated) lead sulfide In a paint film in a aelt apray atmosphere. Lead sulfide has been e minor of "Basic teliite Sloe Lead" pigment for many ymers. 29. Lead Sulfite lead sulfite should show abwt the sans relation to lead sulfate at lead nitrite does to lead nitrate, but at a much lower level of solubility. Its behavior with respect to its environment should be more sensitive than the sulfate. 30. Lead meta-Titanate This cream colored pigment has very Interesting physical properties but has not been widely used as a paint pigment. 31. Lead Tungstate. (Two forme-Stelsite, Respite) This la of Interest In comparison with the chromate and molybdate. 32. Lead meca<Vanedste This compound of load with a VB element Is the analogue of Lood nltrato which is a VA element compound. wpiinnipp i -i m wm m 1 HUpPBUfW J -----,, ,^ .a s . lhe Organic Lud Coapouadi, Km U*d organic eiapoundi to bo to*tod will bo dlMoiiod in a Lotor roport on tho bill* of thooo compound* that aro availoblo for toat. 3. Tho Testing Program, a. Faint Proportion. Tho proportlo* of tha paint, aa dletlngulahed froa tha proportioa of tha paint filna that thtjr produce, that aro of tha most intoroat in thl* proJact aro thooo having to do with stability during usa and storage. Industrial product* aro ooldon called upon to havo a long ahaif Ufa and a alx nonth atorago period would probably bo a reasonable Unit. However, during use paint products nay bo subjected to conditions such aa tanperature or aeration that could cause trouble la a point with a short storage life. Reaction* occurlng during storage, or during use, that result In galling, loss of dispersion, or large changes In viscosity could prevent the use of aa otherwise effective product. for the screening progren eea stability testa will be run et both toon coloratura end under accelerated conditions (120F. ) and will be examined after 1, and 2 weeks for eettilng end at 3 weeks for settling, pH change, end viscosity or consistency changes. Tha tine for the room tanperature teats will be extended aa necessary. Viscosity determinations are swde using e Ford cup with #4 orifioe at 7SF. b. Plln Properties. Preparation of ths Tost Filna. sat Psnsls. Phosphata traatsd stael panala Parkar Rust Proof Bonderlt* #100) wars adopted as aultable taat surfaesa. Tha surfaces of the** panels have not been rollshed. The uae of 4a x 12* panels make* t possible to eheer each penal Into 3 taat areas and thus to obtain several test* fron each individual flln application. The die* gran below shows how the testa are correlated on each panel, and their abbreviated codet * * * * * * * * * * * ,. ,...,. ; . JI I : I I I I I I I I I I I Reference belt Spray SA Humidity Cabinet IA s Physical Tests PA Salt Spray SB Ace. Weathering WA Physical Testa PI Humidity Cablaat HS Ace. Weathering WB Identification of the UK pieces is dona by use of a MrklA| brush on chair roar. Protection of edtsa and rasr of cha tast placas la Cha sale spray and busUlt; cabinet la obtained bp dipping th* *dga. brushing cha backs with a coating of wax. The wax used la a mixture of 101 Refined Crpatalllna Paraffins Wx,M.r. 135* 140F., and 601 Refined Amorphous Paraffins Wax.Mobil #2303. both obtains# fro* cha Sooonp-Mobll Oil Co. Tba cast pieces for tha accalaratad weathering amchine wars coatad with a lacquer. Tha nfarsnea and physical Coating Coat placas wars oncosts#. Appliestlopof Tsat Paints. WaCar roduclbla Industrial finlshaa ara applied by dipping or apray< lng but nalthar nathod la vary satisfactory for tha praclaa application of thin films of uniform and known thickness from paints of variable composition Satisfactory results have bean obtained by using a wire wound rod type of doctor blade*. Dry film thickness of 0.33 mils la desired and tha films obtained ara within a plus or minus 10%. Tha control of tho dry film thickness is obtained bp adjusting the consistency of the paint with wster until measurements of a dry film show tha proper vslue. Rsproduclbie film thicknesses can then be laid dotm. The checking of tho dry film thickness is done with a magnetic thickness guaga (American Instrument Co.. Magne-Cags). Checks mad# on film thlcknesa using e standard machinists 13 *Va usad a #20 RDS Laboratory Coating Rod obtained from *. 0. Specialities, P.0, box 337, Webster, H. T. u- m -l u j wmj|m.unssLil;i iwumi mu am m m iamiiimisisw i nmi; weaisuwmiiw iiamwp >W !pm f> ijpH isynpa^^i i' 1 i LIA10602 ^ Ir i i i i i i i i i i "i fi i micro--tar indicate that tho phoephata ooetlag haa an appreciable thick--a a for which a correction muat bo applied to tho nafnotlo guage reeding. Tilt Mint ace at tho tlaa of initial applica tion la approximately 1 week, which la euffielont to eliminate an7 wfanao atorage iifo la vary abort. After tha panala ara ooeted they aro permitted to air dry until tha eurfece appaara dry, and ara than baked 25 minitea at 350r. (177C.). la --at lnataaeaa tha toot panala will ba at laaat a weak old bafora expoeura taata ara atartad. (B) Taatlng of tha That Fil-- Many of tha phyalcal propartlaa of a paint film nay ba eignlflcantiy altered by alight varietlona in tha percentage competition with raapact to ao-- co--orient, or by replete--nt of 00a item by aona modification of It. In thla project wa aro interacted in tha general paint film propartlaa primarily to aaaura that tha paint being tooted la In fact a uaafui paint. With thla aaeured tho antl-corroalve propartlaa exhibited by tha paint ara meaningful id*en related to tha load pigment being tea ted. The teato fall into two categorlee. Fhyalcal Taata, and Corroalon Kaalatenca Taata. (1) rhyaicel Taata. Thaaa taata are applied to the teat piecea immediately after Chair prep aration, and after 500 houra of expoeura la tha accelerated weathering teat. It la not expected that tha accelerated weathering treatment will ceuaa any apparent film failure, but it la expected to produce **"ugh file aging to ahow up parhapa aa poorer adhaaion, or increaaad brlttleneaa with poorer impact raalatanco. Tho acoalarated weathering la provided by aa X-1A National Carbon Co. machine wtvoee light aouroo uaaa Bunahiao cored carbona (15em. below and 22mm. above), Hardnaia la measured by a Sward locker. Impact Betlttfncf la meaaured by a Gardner. Variable Impact Tatter uaiag a 5/8* apherieal dU. Band fltiilMlltr la datamined by uae of a cyllindrical nanorela of aeveral alaea. U mpm Rm 'mmmsm - Mwehi u.-a .T,*. I (2) Corroiloo ItuliUnot Teste. f I I I I I I nr you noGMSs Silt Sorry. The prlaery tatting tool la this project it the salt spray which 1* operated at described la ATM Specificstloo I117-37T Cor Salt Spray (fog) Testing. The test pieces art minted at 13 end are exposed la the cabinet Cor 250 hours with lnepectiooa at Intervals. The central portions of all test pieces contain an X-scratch to the bare natal to enabla mat inhibition, end rust creepsge wider the fibs to be observed and evaluated. Fosltlve Condensation Humidity. Xa this test the teat piecea ere supported with their becks against cold plates producing positive condense* tlon on their facet. The eteosphere approaches 1001 himidlty at 100f 2. Thesa conditions prosota bllataring ae well as mating. Tha tast pieces are subjected to these conditions for 750 hours. fc The next report will be baaed on the data available completion of several aeries of teats. I the I I I I I I t IS I iw wpiiwan imp e # I"'' I I t I; i Ii I I I I1 J .1 I I I I I I I i: ifttiii^n. B ^a.fr- I'^^'trltirfffr'fA'iik'Tifft - - TabU I ft* Inorganic Laad Coapounda A. Kan*a and Source* No. Chanlcal Nano Mineral or flpwnC Nan* Load 1. Antlaonat* Noploa Tallow 2. Araonato 3. C*rbonat*#a Carrualta 4. Carbon*t*,b Uhlt* Load Bourea Aaaad fmmd B-P 5 Chlorld*,* CoCuMxlto 8 Chlorld*,b Caaaal'a Tallow lab. 7 Chronata.a Chroaa Tallow Xalchhold l< Chroaata,b Chroaa -Oranf* Balobhold 9. Cyanaaid 10. Cyanate Ub. 11. Oloxid* Plattnorlte C-p 12. Hydroxide Load hydrat* Anoad Brand Dm Coda or Orado A BCl 1298 BC1 2020 13. Molybdate Utlfanlta 14. Nitrate,a 13. Nltrat*,b 18. Nltrlte,b Lab lab Lab 17. Oxide Lltharf* It. Phorphata.o Pyronorphlte 19. Pfcoaphlta.b 20. Plunbate Bad Laad 21. Caldiaa fbabiu b -p National Load "Dlphoa"* W 971 Can! chon 22. Laad Slllcata.n Alanoalta 23. tlllcata.b Baryallita 24. Sllico-chsaata 23. ulfaaat* Anand B-P B-P Ub B-P #202 B-P M-143 Panox*** 28. 9ulfata,n Anglaaito likaro 27. Sulfate,b Unarfclte B-P 21. Buifid* Galana MW 29. Sulfite,* Anand 30. Titan*ta,a DM 31. Tungatate Itolclt* Ub 32. Van*dat*,a Dachanlta Ub * Tradaaarfc naaa of tba National Load Co. **Tradaawrk nan* of th* Eagla-Plchar Co. AX B-P #41 18 Bwer V, iJopL'inip m iiw n i<i.i ni iw)iippjaMjwi iM .j!w "i4w1t1.p jiM.j11u.1i1pwl u wit I I P Me. I 1. 2. I 3. 4. I 3. 6. 7. I (. t. I 10. 11. 12. I 13. 14. b 13. 16. I 17. 18. I 19. 20. I 21. 22. 23. I 24. 23. I 26. 27. 21. I 29. 30. I 31. 32. f I ""9pm m X Tha Xaorgania Laa8 Coapogodt Ch--1 oil fomtli Did Ch--leal fotaula fomU far Caat p.Or. Might n 7*3 (TWO j PbHAsOt PbCOj 27b<0)2.rb002 993.13 347.13 267.22 773.67 62.39 60.70 77.34 80.3 3.79 6.6 6.7 ncij rpbo.rbcii FbCcOi rbO.fbCtO^ Fbai2 KOK2 5rS.2H20 278.12 1840.S9 323.22 346.43 247.23 291.23 239.21 1132.01 74.30 90.07 64.11 73.04 83.91 71.14 86.62 89.93 3.83 6.3 6.97 . rtMoOg 76(1*03)2 RK0H)K>3 2TW>.rb(H02)2 367.16 331.23 266.22 743.64 no 223.21 n>3(fo4>2 811.67 2no.rbBfot.lBJO 742.63 rt2(n04) 683.63 36.43 62.36 72.40 83.37 92.93 76.39 83.71 90.66 6.9 4.33 - 9.39 7.3 6.94 9.1 Ca2(rb04) nsLOj rbo.2nsiO) -- rb(wf2S03)2 nso4 no.nso* n* 331.37 263.27 789.81 -- 399.39 303.27 326.48 239.27 38.97 73.13 78.7 42.7 31.88 68.32 78.71 80.60 3.71 6.49 6.43 4.09 6.2 6.4 7.3 nsoj nnoj fbU04 rh(V0j)2 287.27 303.11 433.13 403.11 72.13 68.36 49.33 31.13 7.32 9.23 3.8 mmf99^\ 17 Miking 01./Ik 0.01917 .01790 .02030 .01904 .01747 .01764 .026a .01283 .016a .01728 .01318 .02101 .oisa .01860 .0294 .01933 .01874 .01399 .01393 .01457 .020a p n n iiiiifwnp w aw .i.n n i iwimi i i ' ii m w m m i I I TabU X tt Inor|inlc Lud Coapogndi P C. Crystal Structure Data Ho. Crystal Class Unit Call Diaenalone Syaatty Sytol I .1. 2 I 3. Orthorhcable 4. Hexagonal 1.461 6.146 3.164 * -* *1* I 3. Orthortwblc 4.496 7.667 9.133 - *i* I . 7. HooocUnle 7.10 7.40 6.00 102.43 CjJ I I. t. .10 I 11. It. b 13. Tetragonal 3.41 12.00 m I 14. Cubic 7.94 " * < I 13. 16. I 17. Orthorhonblc 19. Hexagonal 3.30 3.99 4.72 3.99 20.30 *1* I 19. 20. Tetragonal 9.791 4.331 >12 I 21. 22. Honoclinle 11.29 7.03 13.06 120.00* I 23. 24. 25. I 26. Orthorhonblc 9.490 3.399 6.956 . J* 27. Honoclinle 13.73 3.69 7.07 116.217 29. Coble > 29. 30. Tetragonal I 31. Tetragonal 32. 3.994 3.44 19 4.140 m 12.01 m Dn,(tr to cubic 4" (9*bout 300C ) C4h T" omr LIA10607 'i 1 ./fl 8 ,! iJ 88 1 11 # 8 8 4_ 1 is _ L W ;;i 8 i i 1" 1 ^ 1" ji 1 - 3 8 * j! 8 I Tabic I The Inorganic Lud 0. Solubility and Ocher Data *0. Solubility in crane/ 100 ml Sold Water Hot Water ^b o aIi i. 1 * 4 3. 0.0001 6. t m 4 1 a t* 1 m 3. o.tt 3.34 a 6. 1 m 1 0.000 006 & . 1 -- M. **' m J- U. 1 1 " 0.015 el.s 13. l 14* 36.9 127. 1316. i.J m m - + IT. 0.0017 0.000 014 L m 2lf0*. l 1 m 22. i i 23. * d. * 0.0042 27. 0.0044 2** 0.000 Of 2t, 1 30. t 31. 0.03 32. al a 0.0034 v al e .1 1 m a aalta * m m It Melclna Point C 4 200 d 313 d 400 301 144 920 4 4 290 4 143 4 470 tr. 493 1014 d 300 4 764 977 4 1000 1114 1123 wsffppnpvppp i i liawinrt-'#i lita BlUfr 'Hnliiii ASftftMK* 1 i I i