Document 7Mbbm2ZOZ0X2eJaVxMkr1yBbj

wpu/^uTtiniiidbol'slf Blvd.V ' o :.St. Louis 66,'Missour CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DATA REPO.RT The Information In thin.report wn compiled to aaelel you in your evaluation and development of npecinl uaes lor Monsanto products. Every ofTort ha>i been made to include pertinent material bearing on the subject. Thle Information b Intended to guide your development work, but Monsanto cannot Like port In the specific formulation or evaluation of any finished product... alnce knowledge of auch should be reserved to yourself and.ta&fton your moat valuable trade eecrvL No; DATE cs-18 November, 1963 \ 1971 R AROCLOR COMPOUNDS Unique Property-Improving Additives ... for wax formulations, ., .for investment castings waxes, . . . for binding matrices for powdered glass and metals ; The Aroclor compounds are a eeries of utterly inert, highly stable, low 1cost ''sirups" and resinS that are compatible with an exceptionally wide variety of organic systems, including the various commercial waxes. iThe Aroclor compounds range from thin liquids to hard, crystal-like ;U*3rBins. `They are mutually compatible in all proportions." They can im pact .a stnostiamaeing variety! of physical effects to''a particular kind of formulation. -"They possess -- and impart to formulations containing ' litem --great resistance to chemical attack, to heat degradation, to' * Oxidation. idJecause of theirphysi<fal inertness. Aroclor compounds en- \, able waxcompounders to "custom-build" formulations and virtually to ;.jj. pallor precisely'^ the characteristics -of wax (as well as asphalt, resin, and gum)-prOducts for .specific applications. . .*T ' &!, .' ' ' ' ' 1` `: l^iChemloBllyrthe'Aroclor'compounds di- and -poly-phenyl molecules that have fceen chlorinated to provide a definite per-cent-by-weight of inert, i Abound chlorine in! each Aroclor compound. ^Physically, they range, in r i%4jAroclor is a trademark of Monsanto Chemical Companyfor its chlorinated ' aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, including chlorinated 'di . phenyl. Reg U. S. Pat. Office. ,^ 0628153 11m InlnnritllM li this bulletin Is, 4o our Hm| htowMai. Inw and evursts, but oil rscomimmlsitiMW or UM*lions art nude without -dfustiinlM. wlnco (ho onrvllliorw of'two or* beyorvl otir control. Tho i Xurwemo Ovsmioal Company dkrienm eny liability Incurred In Connection with the so of Ikav data or (f(ntltM. , k'urtharmora, nothin* contained herein shall hr construed at a man, - mcndnlion lo uw any product In conflict with dating patents covering : any material or Its aaw. . j., ao t* TOWOLDMON0043735 WATER PCB-00028204 jfrm and appearance from Aroclor 1221, a mobile oily liquid, to Aroclor 5460, 'a hard transparent resin. Intermediate Aroclor compounds include Viscous . fluids and soft resinous solids. The Aroclor compounds are impervious to moisture, acids and alkalis; they are extremely heat stable and will not support combustion. This report describes some of the values of Aroclor compounds when added to commercial waxes; in investment casting waxes and in binder formulations for making powdered gla'ss and metal products . . ' HOW AROCLOR ADDITIVES FUNCTION IN WAX, BINDER. AND SEALANl FORMULATIONS The aroclor compounds serve a variety of uses; primarily as a physical property modifier and performance improver. When put into formulations, Aroclor com pounds can be depended upon to impart chemical.and oxidation resistance; to increase fire-resistance and often, to lower the cost of the finished product. They have various unique properties, such as high boiling points, no flash points, and will volatilize in "fired compositions" without burning or ashing. Aroclor compounds are compatible with a wide range of natural waxes such as Carnauba. By blending these expensive waxes with Aroclor resins, properties can be improved although raw material .costs are lowered. ^WItefi,15Ien3e8?iivit(i'wa'xes used to^orhiulaFc'i!a?flii^"''Sa5t'^ Aroclor. compounds he)p..impart-.to:the'fi'nfshed formulation a nymber "of "dfiltlrable properties; liat^neae-withOut- bTlt'tlgh'es's'rrcsrsta'ncc.to-shrinkajglfgjyaiiP definition; sharp _ mel'i.ng .poiaty~and"tit`ttT5Si'sYahc e, Waxes formulated with Aroclor resins are f--<^"on-tacjhyuanuiwhififollwWable'. Aroclor-containing waxes are widely used in making dental castings, yi'VheT/ i pr^cimcntjgag.ting'Of-ajjr^aft.'p^rtS'i-sraftd forecasting' costume jewelry. Aroclor 1^34, 4465, andt5460'are tjie ones most frequently1used, the proportions (as ^described later) depending upon the properties required in the finished wax. " ' WHY AROCLOR COMPOUNDS ARE VALUABLE ADDITIVES FOR WAX ANfj . BINDER FORMULATIONS ,. i. Aroclor compounds span a wide range of physical properties. Over the series, the properties vary in a regular gradient. The properties that make the Aroclor , series so valuable as additives for wax or binders for powdered materials are' Chemical Resistance: Aroclor compounds are remarkably ) ' resistant to either alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Boiling i Chemical Specialties Data Report CS. .-V... Page 2 . O.hZBV*'' -nriHi nVtitrMJiiiu ji.i H TOWOLDMON0043736 WATER_PCB-00028205 with sodium ltydroxide solution or sulfuric acid produces no hydrogen chloride in experiments designed to test the stability of typical Aroclor compounds ' Prolonged heating of an Aroclor in a closed system even at 600 F, produces no decomposition. Oxidative Resistance: Bomb tests'at 140C- in oxygen pressure of 240 psi fails to develop acidity or sludge - demonstrating the remarkable inertness of Aroclor compounds, ' Adhesion: Aroclor compounds contribute excellent adhesive properties to formulations used as edatings. This is important in glass or metal formulations that are subsequently , fired to volatilize away the carrier portion (wax-Aroclor). ,, Flame-Rctardancy: With their high chlorine content, Aroclor ' compounds contribute "built-in" fire resistance to any - , formulation into which they are incorporated. m " Volatilization Without Ashing: Investment wax castings, marking inks, -and powdered metal binder formulations are " . used in processes that ultimately require firing It is ...: 1 extremely important that such formulations volatilize without , Tcresidual ash or Undesirable residues interfere with color-or ... ' / subsequent processing, / 1 ' ' - . : Melting Point: ' The melt point of the individual Aroclor com- , . 7 pound varies in a regular gradient over the entire series. -> ;< - W'-'isVl ` - ips; This gives a formulator a wide choice for picking the Aroclor (or Aroclor combination) that fits his requirement. The individual melting points ore listed in the table-of properties. , . _ . - . ' ' ;; . ... , ! k'n 'V ; Compatibility: srKWK^ornpatiblo.jyiith - :.'ivarAetvTofa'Ke,i7iyutiligSdvltrspet:ial formulations. This property enables researchers to blend and homogenize other mutually . , : incompatible materials into a stable composition. For practical J . ' use, Aroclor compounds are compatible with the following) : .i - | . .. . , / '. .. |*gjroAsphalt-i==^ ' %Benzyl CellultJs'e . ^..Carnauba' Wax* . .. ' /lellulot e Acet'M^utythte ` . : ; '' ' . Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-18 .......................... Page 3 TOWOLDMON0043737 WATER PCB-00028206 - IflCoumaronc-indene Resins if/Dammar Resin 'll Ester Cum * t, . . Ethyl Cellulose 'pj Epoxy Resins ,U'l Manilla Gum : I' Nitrocellulose '-i Paraffin 4 1 Phenolic Resins . Polyester Resins Polyethylene i Polystyrene Resins 1. Ftolyisobutylcne | Polyurethanes . ' . ` . j Polyvinyl Acetate 1 Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Butyral ; - Polyvinylidene Chloride J Rosin Rubber Styrene Butadiene Co-polymers ; Vinyl Resins Sfcw. !tUSE OF AROCLOR COMPOUNDS IN 1VAX POLISHES ' ' -- . _ . V' ' ' 'Blends of inexpensive waxes in Aroclor have been used successfully to replace ' iportionof expensive carnauba wax. * he following characteristic properties are necessary for a good carnauba wax substitute: .. : ' . '' ' 1 Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal wlv'.S'ii't.o that of natural-wax. ' .... .... r j. i Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline , ifnd somewhat brittle. .... j.. feVt . .Melting point should be similar to natural wax and the point should be within 6C. of this point (to uavoid protracted cooling phenomena). . " ' j* ,' Performance must duplicate that of natural wax; especially in the working characteristics needed for the particular end-use application, . > 1 ' | o See Carnauba Wax Substitutes by G. W. Wood (Maxwaxa, JUd. ), Manufacturing Perfumer, 1948, Vol. XIX. Chemical -Specialties Data Report CS-18. .............................................................. . . Page 4 06281*6 TOWOLDMON0043738 WATER_PCB-00028207 .. Composition Parts by Weight Color * Texture 1 Softening Point Melting Point Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba wax Ceresin . 35.0) 5. 0) 50. 0) 10. 0) : Cream . Smooth; 80. 5C. carnauba ringed surface 88C. -V Aroclor 5460 30. 0) Aroclor 1242 5. 0) (9) Ouricury wax 30. 0) Ceresin 20, 0) . Paraffin 15. 0) .Light buff Very . . smooth, hard 60C. 78.5C. Note that a liquid, plasticizing type Aroclor (1242) is mixed with a resinous or solid type Aroclor (1268 or 5460) in the above blends. This combining technique insures the compatibility of the solid Aroclor compounds with the wax and increases the Bolubility of the blend in such inexpensive solvents as mineral spirits. ' - . `Some suggested wax polish formulations, based upon the above compositions are the following: \ 1 . ' Household Polish Composition Parts by weight 1 Composition No. 5 {Table I)...... . 1 . Natural ozokerite................................. .. 3 Paraffin, hard .................................... .... 26 Mineral spirits....................... ' 70 Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing properties on wood and linoleum. - 1 - Car Polish Composition Parts by weight Composition No. 5 (Table I). Candelilla wax................. Natural ozokerite................... .... Mineral spirits............................. 15 2 3 80 Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery. 0628157 ,.......Chemical Specialties Qata Tleport CS-18. /,. , y. Page 6 TOWOLDMON0043739 WATER_PCB-00028208 Car Polish (Ouricury) Composition Parts by weight Wax blend (as prepared above)... Natural ozokerite............................ Paraffin,' hard................................ Aroclor 1242................... Mineral spirits................ . 8 2 10 5 75 In this formulation, the Aroclor 1242 is dissolved with agitation in the mineral spirits before adding to the molten waxes. Jt is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition. Characteristics. The color of this composition is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes made from fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good polishing properties on all types of surfaces. ' USE OF AROCLOR WITH ETHYLENE/ VINYL ACETATE < "v The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer must be plasticized to serve as an .effective base for pressure sensitive adhesives. Aroclor compounds are '/'it recommended as a plasticizer for this application. Blends of this copolymer \'r withAroclorcan be Vtackified " with Aroclor products, Tt.v. . .. . .' . . ._ Following are starting formulations for various applications: >' i ; ^ . . Non-Skid Rug.Backing 1 , Composition. Parts by weight IF' 1 AEthylene/vinyl acetate copolymer j 1 ArOClr 1254 -.t 50 50 ' 7' ' ' ' :'' Strong Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ' ; " ,^'*1 <' , '-"Composition .. .:/ . >j .) " . Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer ^ . , Aroclor 5460 . , ..... Aroclor 1254 V ' 11 Parts by weight `'iV'. 30 45 Chemical Specialties Bata Report CS-18 ---w.'' ;r;~). ?.* BtW&iftiAdUahA~itrliHf-=r#iyil*r . .... Page 7 0628158 ,I TOWOLDMON0043740 WATER_PCB-00028209 Aus.^ifrAfiOO^RVW^VES^MifNrlCTOTim'WAX-W- ?c , vr' .,'U>-'-- "Investment Casting, " "Lost Wax Process," and "Precision Wax Casting" are terms that refer to the same casting technique in which the properties of the wax are critical. The process is especially useful where castings are made of high melting alloys and when the castings require close tolerance, smooth finish and possess intricate shape! Basically, the pro cess consists of surrounding a wax model with plaster, melting out the wax model (hence the name "lost wax"), leaving a clean plaster mold that is then used for the metal casting. For the investment process, a yrax is required that possesses the follow ing characteristics: . ' A [^Hardness without brittleneBS .''Sharp melting point : j'l'Non-tackiness >Low volatility ^Stability \ '''Good wax machinability Won-shrinking . !" i frSharp definition f'^Fire resistance , , . it j'"Fast setting ^'Toughness ' `1 Since they are compatible with various naturalwaxes, Aroclor compounds.-- re widely used in ithe formulation of investment casting waxes. The ' V roclor imparts to the finished formulation hardness without brittleness;; -'..-resistance to shrinkage; sharp definition; sharp melting pointj fire resis- , twg}i#S*ance; high stabilityj non-tackiness; and fireability without ashing. i H*}felnvestme'nt casting waxes formulated with Aroclor compounds sre widely '' f'V^r'Used in making precision metal parts, -dental castings, >aircraft parts a. nd: fe4fejpcistn jewelry. "'Aroclor 'oblnrtpounds^SS^i^l'Saif^S^hd'SiltoAre imt>*t ^S/peommonly used --theprportions and particular Aroclor combination tjsr^ffSwdlected depend upon the properties required in the finished wax.' 'SThe ffj&Snisualproportion of Aroclor may vary between 5. 0-60.0%--with the ' >,-'.1 balance of the formulation a combination of natural waxes. .* ' v.:; , } 1 AROCLOR COMPOUNDS IN IMPREGNATING COMPOUNDS . i, a) Electrical Hot 'Melt Impregnanta Non-flammability, high resistivity and high dielectric strength with : low power factor make resinous Aroclor compounds extremely useful 0b2' ",i,yChemical Specialties Data Report "CS-IB .................. . ,w*- . ...,. . ..Page 8 TOWOLDMON0043741 WATER_PCB-00028210 in the electrical industry.;*,Aroclor'4465 and 5460 arc used in coatings tor wire and cable and as impregnants for cotton or asbestos braided insulation, Normally, in this application, they'are formulated with . natural waxes and phosphate esters to create a balanced formulation. With their high resistance with moisture, Aroclor compounds make, excellent ^sealants for closing the "pores" of carbon resistors, ceramic parts, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals. b) Wood Impr"egnant Wood treated with a formulation of 70% Aroclor 4465, 20% micro crystalline wax and 10% sulfur by the vacuum-pressure method is tougher, harder, and more resistant to chemical attack. The residual surface coating is very resistant to acid and alkali; howeveri it is attacked by aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The surface of the treated wood can be painted. The hardness and adhesion of the residual surface coating can be varied by changing the Aroclor-wax sulfur ratiost ... \ .i "Si- ' .' xr 'C) impregnates -and Sealants for Paper, Concrete and Brick _ _ ^,hAn Aroclor combined wlth a paraffin or carnauba wax and mixed with ttysnineralpr drying oiland synthetic resin produces an excellent im- - 4>regnant for paper.and masonry products. . ..... .3*2":..-! ''....4,. .......... *.. . . . >. he: 1mpleS1italant cempositioncoptains an Aroclor compound and *.- araffin wax. i^or -example.^arhighly effrcient moisture proofing | - 'ormulationisj-xiOmposed! 6% /(weight) of Aroclor 5460 and 4% ^.... -araffin iiasmn ASTMsoftening point ofabout v:;V ; ubstitutioiy,dT'Aroclor4465 4or Aroclor <5460 produced a compound T `th%ofteii^Jtjg5point'Sfiabout5B<>C.:Avery ao&avax composition can o prppprefl 4>yimixingA0% Aroclor 1260,'<56%.Aroclor5460and4% paraffin. ""r%itlJ^^iij>Atiiiflii'|b!5nt^ht-iproducepia6fter<snaterial. - . .;. .'Aj. .^1^ . .'.*rotproof,%'ater-Tepellent and fir'e-retardant compositionfo| olive lrab*ajt^g|fcpr.itents;andethercanvas items consists *>f: v> W^l .Modified phenol formaldehyde resin ' 4% l.l' V Tricresyl phosphate ; . ''1.5% , Chrome orange . 2% : 1-iA Aroclor 1254 ` :: 6%' J 1 i;' Chlorinated paraffin (42% chlorine) '10% j^ata^eport^i^g-l B, , , 0626160 TOWOLDMON0043742 WATER PCB-00028211 v-^rr- Aroclor 5460 Coppcr'naphthcnate Aluminum stearate VMttP naphtha Iron oxide yellow Ground limestone Ground mica Antimony oxide copper) 4% 8% 0.5% 40% 7% 8% 3% 6% e) Jnks and the Decorative Arts* Marking & Printing Inks. Aroclor 4465 is an excellent resin for compounding marking, rotogravure, and general printing inks. A formulation for mimeograph ink, for example, contains: Aroclor 4465 ' Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @ l00F.) Paraffin Qjl (SUV 76 @ 100F. ) Carbon Black ..... Oil Soluble Dye ~ 40% 35% 20%' 4% 1% Vitreous Products. In glass decorating processes, Aroclor compounds are used as vehicles for carrying the pigmentB. After the decorations are applied,-the-glass is firedj^the _ Aroclor volatilized without carbonization, avoiding discolor ation of the glass and the decoration. .-Aroclor 1254, Aroclor . 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are all used in this application. The .usual technique involves grinding a low colored glass in a - ' medium of Aroclor 4465 and inorganic .pigments along with . other carriers. '.The formulation can be silk-screened or printed on china, bottles, or various kinds of glass-containers. IV; , The low-melting glass frit pigment formulated with the Aroclor - compound has excellent adhesion: On passing through the high temperature zones of the furnace, the Aroclor. volatilizes and . , , -the glass frit melts into the higher .melting point .glass or " ceramic material. , . < , f, ' `:?!/! Vr>,.- f, ^ . ' Binders for Powdered Metals, Glass and Ceramics The ability, pf Aroclor jCPtnPPundS ,to volatilize without ashing . makes them excellent binders for.formulations used in metal fusion. Aroclor 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are the materials of choice for such formulations. The high tackiness, oxidation stability, and volatilization without ashing make Aroclor com pounds ideal for compositions used for."forming" powdered metal parts, .> ` 0628161 -Chemical Specialties Data .Report CS-18.................. ..... Page 10 TOWOLDMON0043743 WATER PCB-00028212 Dermatology and Toxicology ~ At ordinary temperatures, Aroclor compounds have not presented industrial toxicological problems. Where Aroclor vapors may bg encountered in work rooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is essential. Skin patch tests with a polyvinyl chloride free film plasticized with 11.5% by weight of Aroclor 1254 (about 25% based on the weight of the vinyl resin) and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalate showed that this film was not a primary irritant or a sensitizer. Skin patch tests with Aroclor 1254 alone applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with Aroclor 5460 and e.n oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17% by weight of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately 7% by ' weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce a primary irritancy or sensitization of the skin, ,, . If Aroclor compounds" are spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed tho usual manner with soai> solutions. If accidental burns occur from 'jf4vcontact with .hot Aroclor, the burn should be treated the same as any . ' " burn, Aroclor adhering to the burned-area need.not be remove^ , .mmediatelyunlessireatment of the burn demands it, in which case use | ' 7 oapsmd water or ^repeated washings with a vegetable oil. V- 6 *1 ^ ij .-'Y ^ ^ \ * ' . 06281b? ; Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-18............ .................................Page 11 TOWOLDMON0043744 WATER PCB-00028213