Document 7MRr18XMEYa7kbB8ab45D3Xga

*1 . ' n i -i. CERAMIC ABSTRACTS 1963 C harles 5. P earce, Editor J-M ary G ib b , .lijoei'afc E d ito r M . G eraldine Sm ith , A im fc n / E ditor G e r t pl d e M . B vsick. E ditorial A ssistant B arbara L. W h it e . E ditorial A ssistant Com m ittee on P u b licatio n s: W. J . Sm others. C h a irm a n ; P avl R . J o n es. E dward E, M v e ller . and H oward F. M cM lr d ie Technical Adtiser: R . ?. S h eld o n ! i I i I C om piled by The American Ceramic Socieiv, Inc. 4055 North High Street Columbus 14, Ohio I I I 1 t. I- ( i. t \ 60 Ceramic Abstracts Feb: C rrrtai growing prue*. Allan t. Bennet (Westmghouse trom eter rich t gttr-ioapum p. E n w t W. Bnver (C onti Electric Carp.). U.S. 3,055,915, Oc:. It). i: J. D J.B . Device for X-ray ipeetrocbemicaJ u a ir ii * by m e n u of fluo Oil Co.) U.S. 3,057,996, Oct. !). W 2 . *P M ethod for the growth of preferentially oriented liogl re sc e radiadoa. Sjocrrl \Y v U (Xorrli American Philips Cm. t&ly of A itila . Themlure U, Otvim i liiite d stiate A: Ioe.1. U.S. J.W U14, Oct . a . i w : . d j .b. Etectrocieniiial d e c e ra u sid o a of flueridet. George H. Farrais (Aluminum Co. of America). U.S. 3,055,901, Oct. ID, us represented by tlie Secret.trv <j( Commerce'. U.S. 3.0c Oct. 23. 1302. O Proeaa* for separating rare e irth t u d yttrium be loa esc 1962. D J.B. (reiia l. Pawel Krutnholz and Knsimicrz J. Bril. U- G ravine elafi e ry ic iii from molten s u m v i t i linear ~ 054.555, Sept. IS. 1962. D them. Juraj Eckstein and Z dtnek TYachtl. Czech. 94,- T reatm eni of zeoJidc molecular litr e * to inhibit polymer 6 , April 1 5 .1W: Chem. A bitr.. 55 (31 3217{ ( 1501). of olein*. X. V. de Dutaufsche Pctp'lcum Mautacl j B rit 642,431, Ju ly 27, IVO; CUm Abitr.. J5 12] irtlS fi )>; Method u d g fp iritu for the cooctauoas eolor.rutrie deter- m n u rion of ti e individual components ( t (liquidi m in ar . Wolfgang Grassraann and ICurr Hanaig. U.S. 3,059,534, Oct. Se i l S e t Vt E lu d e sire pm duced by indenta 23. UM2, D J.B . __ plane surface of a xm i-inhnite elastic olid by an elastic ep Method u d apparata for o p e n dag u LoalydraJ m a il spec punch. X V -- G tn tfh l GUM duK-- itadjr of ir* biologic effects. P. Gross. Marian L. W eotridt aad J. M. MeXemev. A.-LM, Arch. In i. Health. 21, 10-23 (J i b . IWO); AJ>CA A bitr., 5 [1U| T (1060.1.--A study ^ oa showed no effect of gloss dusc and gloss Sahel on tie carbonate Slier produced slightly more local reaction th; with a calcium sulfate filler. Flake glass liad the least X oat of the substances caused fibrosis except Fiberglas iui) subcutaneously. conjunctiva. Xo toxic or traum atic effect was demonstrable oa Plant e rg u iz a d o a for quality central. G. F. Fiu: the gastrointestinal tract. There was no bronchial disease a t Can. Crram. 5uc.. 31. 1D4-ID5 (1962). J tributable to the dust. Compared with kaolin, Sue glass dust a' Production of andbodivt by quartz and beryllium was even more beaiga in pulmonary- effects because the stored A. Collet, G- A, Yoisia. and F. Toullet. Arch. Enctror.. dust remained alveolar instead of occupying interstitial pcsitioai 2 [41 409-17(1961): APCA .4 6 sir.,7 (t] 6 (1061).--Tltree and therefore was more readily mobilised and cleared from the of guinea p i p were used; a control group, a group give-' lung. _ tiotu of q uartz + Itom olopus cell* +> hnmolngou) serurr. Histology of iron deposits is silicons among poreeltia vorlcsn. group given injection* of beryllium oxide n- homologou* H. Otto and R. Maron, Arch. G nerbepalhti. G rerrbtkyf., Uomologou* sentrn. according to the usual m ethod for u 17 [2] 117-26 (1959); APCA A bitr., 5 |SJ 9 (i960).--Earlier immunization. The m u les showed th at no antibodu work indicated th a t norm al lung) bad an iron content, measured t formed a g aio it the substaaces tested. Xone of the cu FecOi, as high os 3.4 g "Atft an a v e ra p of 0.3 g. Similarly animals *howed hyperseniitjvity to quartz. BeO, or bmr measured, the content of the lu n p nf persons who had worked in serum. A moderate hypersensitivity wui produced dusty industries ranged irnm 0.4 to 10.0 g. The author) made a animal) of 'h e two treated groups fur homologous poll bistologieaJ and histochenilcal study of 40 eases of porcelain _ leukocyte*. silkeats. The iron reaction was typical only of Severe siderosis; Sum oiidihT and hydrnzyladv* tertoni of quart: io a low-grade silicosis with predominantly tubercular damage, poasibl* relation to the divelopm ant of silieocl. L. W. 1 the iron reaction was correspondingly slight, indicating a pos and J. S. H aznngton. .Yaturr, 1M, 1173-74 (Dec. 3 1 sibility of the useof this reaction in a differential diagnesiS- , APCA A bitr.. 7(11 7( 1061 T h e existence of a special Hygiepe chars c u ra c ie s of aaies dust. 1. K Pushkina. activity possessed by siliceous dusts and silicates ha* l D/giriw i 25 (SI 15-23 (I960): APCA Abstr.. 6 [111 2 ported. A correlation appear* to exist between the o (2 9 6 0 ---X-r*y esam ination* of workers a t industrial plants activity of che dut* aad the known flbrogenccic potenci. using mica indicate the possible occurrence of chronic lung _ material* examined. A connection between particle - diseases of pneumoeooiolic etiology. activity also seems apparent in coarse quartz and othe. Impact of m aterial) science and m aterial! re gin rin g on eeiami* engineering. Joseph A. P ast. ,4 m. Ceram. Sac- Bail., dust* of a sm aller sice. Sudan' ceramic industrial. A. Lee Bennett. 42(1123-24(1963). e .Veter, 11 [S[ 14-15 (1962).-- B. describes the rr.aou/a Method of prep era don of g flk i-c o a ttia isf dust tor use (n brick and sewer pip in open-air plants near K hartoum . binlogitil r***arch, E- Cecelia and G. Maddslon, 3fni. ia m , 52 [51 382-90 (1961): APCA Abitr.. 7 [12| 5 (1962).-- T ie mineralogy laboratory' of the Clinics del Lavoro of Milan _ Voir, has prepared a series of samples of fine silica-containing nr inert dusts, classified and defined granulnmetrically, for th t study of the etiology of silicosis, T ie origin and synthesis of Type of aabertog, th tir study by optica] meihoda. a pathogenic tenon. fC. G. Schmidt. Staub. 29 [6j (i960): APCA A bitr.. 7 ( t| 4 (1 W U --IVlth rhe pol. and phase con trast microscopes it is com paratively > distinguish eleven types of asbestos. Chrysolite, amo the prime material* (quartz, o p a l diatomuceous earth, chal h crocidolite asbestos ore dangerous, and tremolite or an cedony. tridym ite, cristobulite, silica glu) are reviewed, to Ike may cause line**. Too little I* known about t gether with grinding techniques and methods of classificntioa used to obtain dusts mostly C l a in diameter. types. All asbestos dust* should be treated as being inj th lung). Pathogeaioty of {Iaaa rLaioreed plastic-- tz p e rim tsttl inquiries by injtctiofl or ertem aj application teetniqua*. G, W. H. Scheper). Arch. <m>im. Kcitlh. 2 [fi| 23-74 (1961); APCA Abjir., 7 [4| 7-8 (1961).--Tlie lissuc damaging effects of MTgNT Tight-acatteriag coating) for lb* inside of light bulbs fiaie gloss and of two varieties of Fiberglas plastic with a calcium * W. H aaijm an, G erardui H- Janssen, and Petrus C. carbooote alftr were explored. Although all these substances are comparatively inert, the Fiberglai plastic with a calcium Linden (X . V, Philips' Gloeilsmpenfahrieken). Dure April 15. 1959; ChtM. A b itr..55 [51 4 U g (l9 til). X V I-- Book* A d v u c e i In R-Ray AnalysU ; Voi. 5, Procedlng` f the Tenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Anajyala, August 1961. Edited by IVilUaiu M. Muvhvr. IdU'3. I'lcnum Press. Xcw Y*>rk t [. xi + .Vl-i fip., illus 517 VI,--This rnlumc after the actual conference). M any uf the papers deal w ith w ork in pm gre)* r.ulivr th an w ith cam pici ligations, a n d in ths iliucus-imi* ,vliich a rc ruciirilod. <-.ti agree th a t ilivir u-,,rle i- im.wIivic uc-ar v i 'u d i t h i n . T 'm ike verv intcre>lillK rc-.idiiig, in --line c.l-c-, I I 5oda ash improves l i t quality of both the brick and die hollow tile. Experience ai this plant has em piasijrri an t ' t n more interesting point. m u d ] ', l i t property of soda ash of de pressing the fiuxoring tem pertort is firing. The material used has a s e n r a n d y uarrov firing range; about six courses of brick to the bottom of c t u y kila were formerly SO hgbt colored and soft as to be practically unsalahlc. "CtTLb seda ash, taro different percentages of treatm ent are used; t i e heavier treatm ent is died ra Ok required pro portion of the produnion to set six courses la each hurt, asd certain launeli in the drier are reserved foe these brick. These brick are also identified by a scratch mark the back. I aslead of the capacity of each kiln being cut ap proximately -liOO brick, the kilos now turn out tbeir fpll capacity, of fully fired brick; the brick from the lower courses ere at dark and hard as those from the higher courses. The thrial-ape, ferthermore. is as uniform as the caioc. The probable osefulnos of such a proeedure in other plants, m regard to produrtioe as well as cost and quality, a toloestisg. Another application of this same procedure sucrests iu d f for plants where slight or no actual losses occur through underfired brick in the lower portions of the kilr.s If the maturine temperature of ware is selected portions of the kiln may be reduced by differential soda trh treatm ent, over-all firing lime may be reduced. Less heat and consequently leu time wiQ be required to m ature the lower courses of brick which a n y the heavier soda atti; treatm ent. Time taved i t the last end of a firing leads in worth-while fuel erring, ts d to y Saving of firing lim e i- a to m ilicaOy aa increase in firing capacity. xy i v ,,Cowdeiiee 'The forcgamg-ecamplo ere typical results obtained by the nse of soda tab in the B artc-Truog process and repre sent a wide n e u t r a of raw materials and plant proce dure as .well as of geographical location. Developzier; along the lines brassed was sever of greater im portante than a t the present t i n w ho high-quality production a; minimum cost is urgently seeded. Scavar Parca C n r u r 5t i r m , ,vw Vcwc il a, There a rt t I sad a textile I snbdfridrd in I ' used most ges coarser form i batteries, and tira io air-cor tartai g point i TcxlDc fibers I the ewntinuow.budisg up a threads th at tthty. Both ( Shoo. ! ; AH of the b: af molten g la s ftaraneHcag . . and staple tea l Isgh^ieseui j [ _Oraras fibers i RBERGLAS; SOME PROPERTIES A N D NEW APPLICATIONS* 1 Bt F. V. Too.gr i Abstract FTbcgUs b produced is two basic forms, u iru d y , as &wool sod aa a tra fle . T b o v J arc three varietio o i wool; (II thermal-tnwilatian wool, the starting point for a large cumber <d issalatioo products; (Z) bonded m at wool, used In the fiwra of a retainer m at in electric storage batteries; and (3 la tr' lla -w o d . toed in t l ^ rirsarng io d condi tioning of air. Textile Ebcri are of two types, eonliouota and staple. These two types represen t starting points in the construction of numerous yarns, ta p , and fabrics used few electrical insulation and chemical filtration purposes. Other o p eratio n s range - from use as wicking for oil lamps and stoves to use aa a pipe lagging material. T he Tu-saliily and etility of Fiberglas are a consequence of ibe chemical and physical proper ties of the original basic fibers and the high adaptability ef Use fibers for prvdrtcm lced orderly organized arrangerne-nt. Fjberglas can be used profitably wherever (1} elec tr ic 17- b generated, transm itted, or used. (?) air is cleaned or conditioned. (3) h e a t ii LI cause; v ed. comroiled. or excluded, and H) fabrics ir e needed-to withstand heat. ro t. dampness, decay, o r chemical attack. New and future appCcgtioas of Ftbergtaj indude its use or development as (1) a tricking 0 combination with pent m an to feed solutions, through eaurolled capillarity, 10 the roots of growing pilots; (3) a escab su tira msulant and surface finish in the fm-so of a new tu r a g . rigid, lightweight board; (3) a new low-temperature iesulaliflg medium is the f o r a at s a u p h a ll-e a - closed rigid bat; (4) a snrgicaJ suture and tracer yarn in surgical sponges; and (5) * dec orative fabric. L'sed a t on effective replacement materia! foe cork, uuufuiuus iibestoa. aluminum. and tnua. Fibcrglas is becoming increasingly important as a strategic m ate rial. t. IftPoduction Knowledge of new m aterials, of the jobs th ey v-ill do, a n d how they will do them b an all-im portant factor in m aking th e most effective use of research, engme-eriug. ood designing lime. There are Many m aterials for -fiich uch information could profitably be summarized at the present time. This is particularly desirable io the cae oi Presented at the Forty-Foursfi Annual Meeting. The American Ceramic Society, Inc.. Cincinnati. Ohio. April 22. 19A2 fG bsj Division). Received May 12. I9s2. Fibcrglas bemuse of tbc rapidly expanding scope of i'applicitOTi and the ((tendant difficulty of keeping tV technical mao iofarmed ss to what th is unique m aterial cas do or is doing technologically. In 1931. there w as b a t or-' F ibergbs product: today, JSO separate Fibcrglas productare m anufactured, and large quantities of basic fibers ar.-1yam s are contributing 10 the value of a 'vide v a rie ty rindependently manufactured articles. Glass is an o'd and faithful n a n i of m'aakind, and this fibrous form, relatively new ou the industrial scene. >' continues to fulfill its traditional role. Voi. Zi. No Fiberglas: Sanie Properties and .\ esu Applications Gl H S*it Fife "d Ysms rod Theii Production TtifT re two basic forms of Fiba-glas, viz.. * w-ooj form ^ M(f l inc fiber form. Tbe wool form may be iurthir jalrfiridcd ic(e ib r elemental fibers: (1) i fine form + e i most generally for thermal innilaiioo, (2) a slightly ^jjvcr to m used as * retainer m at in electrical storage E lleries. * ri`* (3) * much coarser form used Tor air fillra- Tj ,. airico d ilio n in f system*. The first of these is tie s u rtin j'p o is t fw hirge variety of insulation prodocSx. f a l i k fibers likewise exist ia two elemental forms, ek _ J k eootinuotss fiber sod tt e staple fiber, which are used in up a Urre number and variety of yarns and m at are subsequeotly woven into fabrics of fid e itHtty. Both fibers are much finer than the thermal too! chasicaUy oo a spindle which travels at a speed <J a mile a tziautz: or eves higher. Lengths of tbe filaments are limited only by packaging requirements. Tbe individual filaments in tbe most commonly made continuous strand a r t 0.00022 ia. is diaoietcr, although here agaro this diame te r can be varied considerably on cither side according to tbe ritaracteristio desired in the final product. S nail aero-ants of lubricants and cea tings arc used on b a th the staple fibers and continuous filament strands. These materials, usually starch a vegetable and mineral octi, facilitate the forming operation* and beep tbe indi vidual glass filaments from rubbing together. This ap plication is im portant, for the stre e p b of glass fibers is re duced if the serfaces of tbe fibers became scratched. fb tn . Afl of tbe basic fibers are produced by th atten u a Lio W m dics siasi as rt bsiresfrom u sali orifices at th botxas W glssmclting ta n k or fumaces. In H varteties ef wool gd Stipi testile 6ben. th attenuatine is p ioducod by Kgfc-jmaure rti of s ta s a or a h ; th attenuatim i of eoo- ^ js fibers is prnduced by tz c u b a n id r a w m g a l Mg& ^xedfc '} p[J_ V *ol Ftbea i West 6b<xs are collected on a traveling conveyer whkh cror Chu f* d c throogh a scrim of autom atic operations. b g s u aw and stun bo1of which depend on the pertaealcr j f t of prodoex to be made. These processes todnde J r t a l W l ib e ippbcatoc of a binding agent, c u u ip a o H 'tm dedred desnity, the caring of tbe binding agent tf ^ a f f C a tion of special dbc a h u and eovaiag* u (A) Tarwy The yam s th at go into the manufacture of fabrics arc built up from th e original staple slivers and continuous fihuncat strands on standard textile machinery, the U tter rep airing b u t slight modification. Original coctronou strands are twisted and plied together to give any desired y a m ooRstrecrkai, the U tte r depending on the >q vice functk m to be fulfilled. Ordinarily, yams will consist of from rwt> to rwcuq ' original strands, and the heavier construe taous com noely ktvolvc as many as ten separate twiptmg and plying operalicox. T be origisal staple Cvur is cm m rtod into yam by a d ra f ts ^ and rw sting p n x tag paUemed afta- worsted y a m aaftbods. V arus of rajioo* deg reo cd fiaenrn are peodrstsd; the degree of.drafliag is governed by the 4e> a n d b t a e t * . T he coarsest n i p k yarns are made wHhetrl idBkate hasdUag. and astttag to desired size. Same of d ra fu s^ . St ^redacts are complete for ase as they are taken from kg'comryer. The material often is but tenu processed. M l i U, and it sc r ees as a raw material ia the building of S ir products (see Sections III and IV}. UL Properties, Producb, and A pplication (1J Proparti The wool process consists of a standard glass-lank opera- T he great c u liiy sod versatility of Fiberglas ariv frvtn * *in which the hatch is charged in a conventional way two fundamental sources, fix-, (tl tbe pbyrical and chemi E^ c end of the tank and glass wool fibers are produced cal properties of the glass from which the basic fibers are tth rcftW . Soth the staple and continuous processes " Ac aad (2) the adaptability of the fibers to organized i n frttej the wool process in that each involves tiw cse tarnation and arrangement which makes possible the t w a cuCet in the form of marbles. Tbe glass marbles betiding up of derivative products of prescribed and exact ~ t= y !O e d Careful!/ WTurr they ar* rcnw Jltd i s jp d jJ ing spu i& aou ga. <?rfefra*Qcta Reduced to fibers, th e properties th a t characterize glass t Sapie fibers m general arc retained, although some properties are modified considerably. BritUroex* disappears as a prac " P*e fibas arc colketed in the form of a web of inter- tical cucsideution and ts replaced by flexibility and re y C w v os a traveling belt from which th ey a re sob- siXarn ry . T be tensile strength of glass mousses extra- gathered without twist, as a sliver (pronounced Staple fibers average 8 to IS ia. ia length; common variety w a g about 0.00027 ia. in orrfmanly as tb e 'size cf the unit or. in this case, fiber is decreased. Fibers with caJcuIawd tensile strengthsas high as 2 .000.CCQ lb . sq. nv. Have been produced in the Lxbora- iliw c recently, both larger acd smaller fibers Oevdrd, and IKey have been produced for special A slight dealt is gtvea to tbe sliver iq tb e gatber to a to orient tbe majority of fibers in parallel lory. Fibers of s sire used to regular continuous-fklararot preductioa show lersile nm sg th s of arouod 300,000 to 00.000 Ib./sq. in., a value considerably more (ban tbe icnxUc strengib of h ard ^raw n yterJ piano wire. A staple fiber rovings and j-arru are ia turn Glass fibers are bicomluislible, a property which is of I front this original staple sliver. tu r e m e irepcrtaoce in practically all applications from the Cto,uvevi Fibers *" * 0 fibers arc made by a different process. The " (I *-"7filraemgeanttbs,erjeodt; Br mere, into a tu arc and continuous . they arc d its length. rawn tnc- <31 safety rtandpoiat. Higb-beat and eJeetriod resistance are rurpoeuible (or the wide applicability of Fiberglas ia the electrical field. Tapes, yams, and fabrics used ia (he ciecv io J industry can salely w'ilhs!;r.d temperatures up to 1000 T . C.2 Bulletin oi The American Ceramic Society--Twry The ciecyieal properties of glass a ir retained in filler form and are augm ented liy Ilie use ef glas-a-s substantially free of G roup 1 alkalis. FiU egla* electrical ia(xrs combine high dielectric strength and electrical insulation resist ance with extremely low m oisture absorption. profitably used wherever (1 1electricity is generated, .runs, m ilted, or used. (2) air if cleaned or conditioned. (3 kcat cwrservecL controlled. er excluded. or (<' fabrics a:T needed io w ithstaad hell. rol. dami>nc>. decay, tehcoicnJ attack. Density degree surface eosditio TtviS the m aie purpcaci boi oi * lV i lb. per co. sheets. Bietal-m of predeterm ini m btiog all trp iure r a n g fro ' product. Si Ini . insulation are a ^ mal-insulating x Frc. I.-- Sasic fiber used in the frioduciioc oi FTbcrgUs products. Top row (Ufi to rigid): coat ratines fih g im t it rand and staple sliver: bottom row (Jrfi te rigiO ; ram- Utioo wool, bonded mat fiber, and air filter sraai. FiC. 3---O a tiu lly inspectes! m arblrs uod in th e m an u facture of textile fibtxj ChcrakaJ d u rabili!/ liccomcs of nexeaiing ira p o riu e c chea th gioii surface is m trcaxed by Cberiztng. A egree oi aUack nbcb ecsjld bc ncgligiltlc in a large article it a a e rim i m ailer tritb a souU fibcr, o special glakccs m ust bc caployed according lo tbc jerviee ccndiioui to 1 cncouoloed. T he therm al and aW'-filteriiig propertics r,< FTlwrjla. result irom ils gencrat fibcr form and m lapubility lo fvrntabililj-and orgaeired arrangement. In th esse of tbermaJ-ifiuhtion -msI. thir adaptabiliij main- pmailiK- ihc form ation of a iibvr irtasj willi a maximum of dead aie spade. In ihe case of air filler o d . a stru c tu re w iih adequate sire-ngUi naving an cMciidcd surface for ihe appliealkra of ihc dust.eaiching adhosive. lene rrrisiance io th passage of air. and high-lieal r ^ i - U m e is m ade possible. Tbe Properlics of iucombo-i iliili ty and durab ility a rc hereagain of great ad vani agi-. <S) Prode e`u t"d App[lcllonl Ai a generai statem ent ccuccrnmg the applicabilit of FibcrgUs. il may b< said th a l (hi* w r'a tile m aterial n lse la these dlffc wpoI fiiLmu iti, fio. plain staple fiber a gathered or. i t i forming tube: (rig,'): lew-twist staple yam reinforce! j with coQlrttoocil lilicxrnt run. ttiil icsulapc tafet>'. end u r i Sghtiiesj in i e . j nouded raut flThe electrical industry s the chief user of FibcrglaJiI B J its textile form. Ji > Used widely a t tapes, d o th . braWc* f slecT-iags. a n d tyieg cords fo r th e insulation of clcciri motor*. generators. I ra ttfyrm crs, a n d other typ<- d I saoragc bau bfe by kecpini Tbcy /' totpfoycd ia th operating and distributing equipm ent. U cau sc re la tio n j .- . h*s good cl thin layers of glass tap e wiB insulate well and bccaus- if f ^ a l p rodurti 1 ctsu rk ab fc ic w ta u c e to brut win aflow motor, to o j* `>'r t m i iiCiaiug ntedir. at rcreh higher icetpcraiurrs than wltcn alternate itt-uh J S ~ eoating fo ru n t trio maicrial arc used. FTberglas ofTer the adcatuuye ~ -- rtxjnn: sdshl and space sa rin ct. higher operating efiteriii . u- a. Tathe fidile and lower equipment m ainicrunce costs when u?cd w;i: i " f l u lo organar suitable varnishes a.-.d im pregnam t and in aeeordano- " i _ 6her u n i;, foe roufid engim.-cring tr-rhtiiquel. ' -- umvlaj- nuispnr la the chemical r.cid. gla-.-; faljric? are U ing used a` 1 t filler m ats v chemical filiotion cloth. mpeciaUy under conditions r i voicing cnrrojve liquids ur go<5 a t high uinperaiu'*" , ^tU -ueiion. rttehkig adht 33d (3! anode bagj for elccuoplaiine proect-es. M i-1, lancous indu:riaj uses of Fiberglas fabric r3nrc f'-'O' I''-' lagging and facings for in-utaliors blocV 10 \c ii be 'nr t i ' sene or oil lamps and sicvis. sucisee llvriy lo*- re c; bov-d p ro p c rti r!mciug j j r . Fiberglas tb crraal-in su laiio n wool is p ro c e jic d m any forms lo m ake it m ore a d a p la b lc for p a rtic u la r iJ~ ` I Voi. 33. No IV UTecti ':fL,31  Fberz.ax: Some Properties and Xra.1Applications 53 Dcn-iir- degrev f flexi'Sility or rigidity. ctteroal fe ra , and , - r f j c t oudition c in all bc varied to w il th application. t'ijU* ihe material ii preparati far b o ro a a d im lurtm J pvrpsrc noi only io 'b c foco of a Seecy w bjlc vool of J, ( pcp Ci. ft. d e ari'T , hot aJso in ffexble-to-rigid iferriL rtivlal-mcsb a n d x-nu b iad arti. U o ch i u r i U n n b B< orrdrlQ-o'itKd spcrificalioas, whicb are w-<vd far .io* pillatine all rype-s of industriai equipunaiv ts H tem pcralurr n o e frwn ru b icro to IM1.'1' F , *eeerding to tbe p^oduct. Standard s i i *nd ih ie k a o s a of seciioaal pipe ^^Jalion ore Ir flb ric ale d frons th originai b u ie ther- c u l.ie*uU tin; wool fibef. gradually finding their way into in d u stry and others will soon appear. Some of the oew developm ents are improvesnezts on old products, and is general the depend on the impor' n Fibcrglas properly of adaptability to orderly, pred eter mined. a rra n g e m c o t. Such a devcfopnicjsl is th e rrio fcreed staple sliver. The incorporation of a eoousuoiu strand is the staple sliver during formiog or tw isting prevents further drafting aad yields a product which is aa effective filler for cb-ctrieal a b lr a . Other new d erd o p m ajls h a te grown out of newer methods of processing and application which talie fuller advantage of r e ta in desirable propclies. V.-- 'an 2 Pm . i . -- Flbergis* sicevaigs, tying cords, electrical * I n U iin f tapes aid ctof.hs. and h'wnbwf filtration doth*. i_TW Qlsstrste only 4 few o t the end products built ' boat (W original tewtie fibers by a mm-ruon cf tmisting. '' plying, weaving, and braiding pim.i,ip.a. 3?~ *1 la these different products. Fiberglxs thrrmal-iasnhilng wool fclfiUb the necessary requirgseots for a good indus trial iaaulatioo. namely, low thermal conductivity, fire safety, enduring resistance to vibrations and settling. Ughtorsi In weight, deaaliners. asd durability. Dosdvd mat fiber finds its greatest u k as retainer mats fa storage batteries. These mats greatly extend battery file l>y keeping active material is place os the battery 1wiles. They e u l serve this, purpose because the gla wsployed in them is resistant to i t tack by the battery add. and has good electrical insulation characteristics. Banded products have been used less exu ssird y ns a fight* <h&ung medism. as a s inorganic faring material, and as a r^ tieg for underground pipm to combat JecircJyiic coc- i n the field, of a ir conditioning, the adaptability of F bcr..**?* 16 organised Irra u g n rie u l is again : revpaired. T h e Wt- u o iu for rem o rio g d irt. lin t, soot, plant pollcm . a n d *" ilr nuisance d u sts from the air are built up of a series ri filtiy c u t which differ in the siara of fib ^s used in their "trn rtio c. T he individual fibers are r u le d with a d iut^ te tin g adhesive. T his orderly arrangement allows a. surface contact in a lim iied rpace and offers relaf'* teeistaoev to he passage of air. These eom" " ^ Properties m ean, on integration, a high tm pacty for 'wwauig air. i'*, ` N ew ,<f fut ure AcpIiceliO"* c* effective Fibcrglas products and applications- are UntOl F i t S ^ S e s n e Product der ived - Eroe resali dear wool' and a roti of bonded mat fiber frevocati/ xsed as a Caring m aterial A n is tm s tin g new application of FIbo glai a in th e field of hydroponics, where effective use b m ade of its hereto fore rria liv rif obscure property ct controlled capillarity. Class-tape wriddng in ctxnbhmlioQ with peal mots feeds chmoical solutions to the filant roots a t a fin d rate. FlherglaA thermal-IoSulation wool is the raw material used in the production of a new strong, rigid lightweight insnUtion beard by a newly developed process that com bines pressure, and a carefully controlled heating cycle 10 increase tbe density of the material without loss of reulio scy. This board, used largely as a- combination, insula tion u d surface finish, releases far other p a rp e ss large quantities of aluminum formerly used as a Caring mate ria! over Fibcrglas insulation wool. Developed to replace cork foe low-temperature, insula tion, Fibcrglas A E board, a rigid bat of h&uUtiou wool enclosed, in asphalt, ii being widely used in domestic food-storage lockers and in other large-scale refrigeration anils. Ta the field of medianc. Fibcrglas is undergoing thor ough nvesiigwiim as a surgical suture1 and as. a. tracer ) - i u in surgical sp oo g d .1 In addition. FBwrglas tape is being used tc filter blood plasma Is army field kits.* B oth bonded tn a t of the type uw-H in b atteries a n d chemical filter cloth have bees used quite siKesniuHy in 1 R oy P. Scboli and Philip 5- M ount joy, ''F ib e rg la j S u tu re M a terial." A mcr. Jour. S v r ir r j, $6 [3| G19-21 ( 1943). * E d u a rd F. LcwirCil, "R a y ab lc Gauae as a F a c to r of Safciv in Surgical OliC raiinnl." 3 nil- A mcr. Call. St.recant. 27 |lj 39--`0 (19UDJ. *"N'c^-T>pc rb s o ia Filler W'ill Aid in Prveatiao'of Falal Wound Shock." Fw^gircf ffitiincrr, June. 19i2. *i i~r^ 64 Bulletin of The American Ceramic Society--Ernst laboratories filtering pads in Buchner runnels when the solutions being filtered were destructive 1 ordinary p i peri. M any decorative sppGeatioo* ft/ Fibexglas h ire bora developed in the past, and (bis development andoobtedly will proceed at joaie more Appropriate future time. Vari ar^fm-nm asbestos. aJummura. and mica. Fiber{las it becoming important as a strategic material in the war program. Ecctrim l manufaeturers and design eogioecri bave achieved a vines in bath space and weight in o tv electrical equipment throe{h the use oi Ftbcrxlas electrical CONVER: ous colored damasks, broeades,_ salinj. taffetas, and oers hare bees well established, and products made from tie ' iodude overdrapes, {lass . curtains. sbon-er ortaio x , bedspreads, tablecloths. and lamp shades. V . RoW of Rberjla* In the 'Vti Emefj*nc7 Used as ap effective replacement material (eg curt. tapes and eletta. Fiberglas is taking tbe place of cork la r a ta ls types of Jow-teopcraiure imulatloo. It is also ceanbtoed Vrtb m ia is the manufacture of {round insu latloo fra electrical equipment. thereby reducing consider ably tbe quantity of mica required. ttm u c f l Ufcaoaaroaaea O v n v C o u ta s Fiu to la* Covroaanow X i t u c Omo ! T r e s d l con m iada* of pc correal from li ibb-tjr year. .. In 1910 and Ohio r o t gra- H t w i l gas to MODELING SHEET GLA SS IN A P O T T p V 'KlLN* Bv D c ttv M. 'E kcst AasTiaCT A method is described for obtaining relief patter in sheet glasi while bending u into deerjrative tad usable form*. cocc try. Gin p ro d o es gas c factorvei itfll c I t* operate, i -'.j., About 1S11 j l J L a i e w riter was Tbe fact that sheets erf glass may be best in a ceramic are vxkcd out m high relief. This explaisa the pebbled _<< a t e r a l p a mold to a pottcry Vila b is been discovered in tbe Cgranvie tgrtare erf some of tbe pieces. The porosity of the biscuit ' O o o C m Com L a U ra Uwy of the University of Cincinnati. When tbe n a s s the kilo wash to dry with a pebbled saface. W ert Vnr glass is cooled, it has os appearance quite different from The type of modeling also affects tbe success of ibe taj- with a the crisp perfect tan of glass bent in (be smooth metal presooo. Tbe heavy creepuig mass of heated glass has of t molds used commoctally. It is more like old bood-coSed icndm cy to sSde over the erevices. Definition b g in s _______igtai t 1" * .. .. - -------------- - by a calculated, change, m>fan s, that chock*, this, riscocstv H x tendency o f tbe bested glass, as h bends to thn tbape flow an imtant. giving aa accent where it is Deeded; otber- loo.Ears. 1 of tbe mold, to pick op irnpm dnni of each nitrate raised 'I w i* , tbe partem may sheer as a lot of oeacingbss bumps m vih srt particle m ay be developed into irapto p ens of itefridh* ia tbe glaxa. Tbe exact repeeidtsctioo erf design* pnssed m 3 tba. calculated relief patterns. into a merfd bt the traditional n an nrr should oat be ex- GsBAttpKStl; T be proem* is simple. Molds are nude erf d a y , the -peeled c r ettempled. i bmu el le v d eign is madded tbereoc. and they are bbcttzttd. A Tbe cuter contosr should be trolled by designing the wash of d a y and flint (5 aod 75% , respectively), pins s mold so that a support far tbe e d g a of the sheet of glass ^ rfSag m riiral 1cook little gum tragaesath, b applied to tba mold to p c icnt the glass from adhering to it. A clean sheet of glass cot to fit (he outer cool our of the mold is placed ou it. and it b b provided or w vp age m ay occur if tbe heat of tbe Ibis is uneven. Small boles may be drilled in tbe deep tie vices if the modeling b in quite high rdici to expel any trapped After ti e net r. P* * obt- 1 ,;.was paerible to readp to be put into the kiln. The lempmattire is brought air t b i t may cause a babble in a rew i se direction. : letisae stoat of up slowly to a point just sufficient (o cause the heated gloss A surprising amount of modeling b poxsiolc. A variety ?ct Flptnc and b to move down. It sinks as a heavy film, finding, tbe vari of different inrprewiau m ay bo made from tbe same mold , . b g w nb predax ous levels of tbe modeled surUce. by using different foreign and domestic glass compea licss. iT'ind u p to the-1 Tbe temperature required varies with different glass, Single- sod double-strength window glass is used (or sail <mr tbe t compostlion*. Experimentation is necessary to find tbe rooMi; aysto l and plate glass are twed for large mold?. j j w t r n g of Stt; tem poalure best suited to the type of glass being used. I t A ll t y p o of glass bead satisfactorily; tbe temperature re [ f t r f r u glosa will probably be around cone OLZ, or li+ 4* F . Prejwn- quired, of course, varies. This regulatioa of temperature is required because heat that b Other experiments have- consisted of storking layer* of too high or that is maintained too long will cause the sur glass together. Class- cot la triangles, squares. etc,, and face to slip or to deritrify. placed in pattern on flat sheet glass laid on a noaid fuse to The kiln must be cooled slowly to aa n a l the g la s . ss gether as the glass bends to the mold- When various' rapid cooling to rigidity w ill create strainThe upper surface of the molded glass will be snaaotb and will need no further attention. The under surface; however, will require dean ing inasmuch as some of tbe lain wash may be picked up. A mild abrasive and a wet brush may be used, but neither should be hard enough to scratch. -colored glasses arc combined! chipping and erasing occur if the formulas are oox ''sym pathetic." Design possibilities arc limited, owing to glass-cutting difficulties. . Overgloae reriBie colors e|iplied on a flat sheet in tbe Mine manner as rtirs enamels also bend with the glass. C o a s i c molds are durable in a commercial, moving, rr^todcsnaH yen, p S ^ e i e d few tai T- Sw aged down t__T22.*kh.li degseudej ri--' ^ p reim -,. r i ih e A silicon carbide stick may be ueeded tu smooth tbeedge if circular kiln. C la n bends satisfactorily in an urderoraied the firing has been too drastic. mold, bqt few perfect impressions a re obtained. from tb e t reversing To find tb e full extent of tb e u p t and downs th a t the glass decorated molds. A p o tte ry kiln fives a better t u tu r e to will ta k e , a coarse clay has been used for tbe form s, because tb'-glass. tb e chance of cracking or breaking is lessened if d a p u Tbe m aterials needed for the modeled bent glass are in ^owregmej a * Presented at the Forty-Fourth Annual M eeting. The Am erican Ceram ic Society. Cincinnati. Ohio. April 21. 19-12 (A rt D ivision). Received Septem ber IS, 1942. expensive, and. aside from a p ottery kiln, little equipme-" is required. B.i.'tAi. Rcu-OtisJg . ' Presented Abseoon l*" bo-C3. jp4i (190) Voi. 22. .No. '