Document 7MELdO6VYR8QpDd1qzdpOyMDR
G*>w T1B- SMrrH>'1^|S
&RAL : RE
' Of THE ;>^|
ifelTED si|
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f>:,i K ' fet1- ' '
w j V- . $} ... .y. t t .. . ?>. ;,
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1917
il. ' ! . -. A',;.V
------------- : > H. D. MiCABKEt
HMInMJB
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PART -1--METALS
H. D. McCASKEY, GeoIogi?t!te
N49745
. WASHING $$
ZINC.
(GENERAL REPORT.)
By C. E. SlEBENTIIAL.
SUMMARY.
jpfnc produced and consumed In the United States, 1911-1QJ7,' i
r 1011 1912 1913 1914 1915
reduction of primary zinc:
R; From domestic ore............................... 271,621 823,907 337,252 343,418 458,13 14,005 14,809 9,424 9,631 31,38
286,526 production of secondary zinc:
Redistilled.............................................. 14,043 26,470
338,806
26,064 26,187
346,676
25,991 24,014
353,049
20,545 22,424
489,51
29,76 23,13
Rif- 327,039 391,057 396,681 396,018 542,41 bperent consumption of primary zlno. 280,059 340,341 205,870 299,125 364,63
f "Primary Zinc, wnihuictuh Ius pfsriovduuuceudu duiurewciitilyy f*rt om ore, Is here distinguished from kb Is obtained by -re"finniinneg tziinnec ashes, shkimmlin;gs, drosses, and old metals. Thes a are given on page 800i.. wh* erevor I*n t` h* i`s repor't the word "zinc" is used without qa
,,,miry zinc.
I*
^The production of primary zinc from domestic ores
84,597 short tons, valued at $119,258,000, based on the
price, as compared with 563,451 short tons, valued at
lased on the average selling price, in 1916--an increa
ons, or about 4 per cent, in quantity and a decrease o
if about 21 per cent, in value.
'
INTRODUCTION.
I.l'hough the publication of this final report has be
played by the press of work growing out of the war tha ftainly as a statistical record, the essential figures were lie to the public early in 1918. -The statistics of production in this country have been ^ United States Geological Survey from confidential
ih zinc-smelting company in operation during 1917. recovery of secondary zinc were collected from all t indary smelters and refiners. The statistics of dome are taken in part from the smelter returns and in p rds of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com ipartment of Commerce, and the tables for foreign p nsumption were compiled from the sources indicated
856
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1911--PART I.
PRODUCTION.
ANNUAL PRODUCTION, 1873-1017.
The smelting of zinc in the United States began in an expert!
mental way in 1858,1 and regular production began ill 1860 at tlffl
Lehigh Zinc Works in the East and at the Matthiesson & Hegekra
works in the West. Between 1864 and 1870 nine or ten other zimjj
smelters were established. Statistics of production are recorded fog
the years 1873 and 1875 and for the census year ending May 3|
1880. Annual statistics have been collected by the United State
Geological Survey since 1882. The progress of the zinc-smeltii
industry since 1873 is shown in the following table:
'
Zinc produced in the United States from domestic amd foreign ores, in short tons.
Year.
From From foreign domosflr. Total
oro. ore.
1873.......................... 1876.......................... 1880 (census year). 1882.......................... 1883.......................... 1881.......................... 188 >.......................... 1880.......................... 1887..........................
1885.. 1890.. 1891.. 1892.. 1893.. 1894..
1895.. 1890.. 1897.. 1898.
7,343 15,833 23,239 33,765 30.872
38,644
40,688 42,041
50,340
55,903 68,860
63,683
80.873 87,200 78,832 75,328
89,680 81,499
99,980 115,309
7,343 15, 833 23,239
33,765 30.872
38,544
40,688 42,641
60,340 65,903
68,860 63,683
80.873 87,260 78, KB
75,328 89,886 81,499
99,980 115,399
a Including an unknown quantify smelted from foreign ore, small In 1004, but larger In 1005;
Zinc produced in the United States. J906-.1917, apportioned according to'ttff$
in which it was wade, in short tons.
is'van'"1
Year Arkansas Illinois. Kansas.
1906... 1907... 1008... 1909... 1910...
1911...
1012...
1913... 1914... 1915...
1910... 1917.
7,503 25,060
47,939 56,050 60,244
67,653 73,038 83,130 88,397
100,654 127,948 159,958
181,433 172,489
1 Ingalls, W. It., Lend and zinc In the United States, p. 314, 1908.
s3I3
ZINC.
:ri - ' nr:
fi
ROLLED ZINC.
I
1 " . I, lyif: r
gfiFor many years nearly all the sheet: zinc-mader
' ies was produced by two of the older and larger, .
Ithiessen & Ilegeler Zinc Co., of La Salle* 111.,' a
EZinc Co., in the adjoining town of Peru, 111. : Other
iicularly the manufacturers of glass fruit jars ha
pave rolled zinc for their own use, and some that fur
to lithographers have also rolled their own zinc... Th
since the beginning of the war for sheet zinc to line
iuade for shipment overseas, especially cases fcontai
or other material that is likely to be affected by: salt ,a
other firms into the business of rolling zinc.- In ( a
[two companies mentioned specifically above , the .Af
now make rolled zinc: Balt brothers Glass Manu
Muncie, Ind.; Hazel Atlas Glass Co., Wheeling,' W.iA
:Zinc Co., Palmerton, Pa.; American Zinc ProductsiG
ilnd.; Edes Manufacturing Co,, Plymouth, MasRp
Sons, South Hanover, Mass.; and The Platt Brothers
bury, Conn.
- i ->
u The United States Geological Survey has for m
lected statistics showing the production of zinc, butiw
of rolled zinc was practically limited to that of the
jin Illinois mentioned above the Survey could not p
^showing that output without disclosing individualu
increase in the number of producers, however, Iha
possible to give these figures. A canvass;of the i
writer gives the statistics presented in the followin
jfigurcs showing the exports, as published by the Bu
land Domestic Commerce, are subtracted from: then
the production, the result will represent the domes
fit- should be borne in mind, however, that the;she
the.Government in shipping munitions overseas is
exported.
Zino rolled in the United State,, 1915-191
. 1918.
Zlno sheets:
Quantity.. ; {1. Value___
.pounds..
Averago volue per pound.
. * Bo*i*ler plates e- nd spec'ia*l s*heexts:
Quantity...................................
.pounds..
value..........................................
. Average value por pound...
; Zlno strips:
Quantity...................................
.pounds.
Value........................................ .
. Average value per pound --
Total rolled tine.............................
.pounds.
V Total value..
*
Average value per pound.
, Rolled tine exported:
Quantity...........................................................
.pounds.
value................................................................
Average value per pound..........................
Domestic consumppitlieon o.f..r.o..l.l.e...d...z..lno.................... .... .pounds.
~
69,007,726 : `M 89,744,028 ; *1 ' $0,141
2,662,856 , , $345,572 $0,135
20,208,058 <2 $2,037,21$ 3
$0.148
91,778,630 i $13:026,811' '13
$0,142
iNW
3 I
rl'
The New Jersey Zinc Co. made its first outp.ut' i American Zinc Products Co. in 1918. Additions4t>o
858
4INERAL RESOURCES, 1917--PART I.
ing to nearly 5* ier cent are being made at four of the principal__
to meet the inci cased demand for zinc for war uses and that whie
will result from the prevailing strong movement to find and establii
new uses for sheet zinc and to extend the present uses. Every,
extension, especially the substitution of sheet zinc for sheet Cc
and brass and for tin plate, will stimulate the zinc market and re:
to some extent the shortage of copper and tin. The War Industrii
Board ordered the use of sheet zinc instead of galvanized iron r
steel for refrigerator linings, a use that was expected to require aBdi
10,000 tons of rolled zinc. Sheet zinc can also be substituted'fl
galvanized iron in roofing, spouting, guttering, garages, household
utensils, and hospital ware.
' Uo 1"
Rolled zinc has always been quoted at so much per pound witlvd:
counts and extras for different gages and special sizes and sha
In 1914, according to Metal Statistics, the base price ranged froi
to 8.75 cents a pound. In 1915 the price began at 8.75 cents and Ti
to 33 cents on June 9, fell to 15 cents August 23, and rose to 23 cent
at the end of the year. In 1910 the price reached 25.5 cents on Apr
22, but dropped to 15 cents on July 11 and ended the year at 21 cents
In 1917 the base price of sheet zinc remained nearly stationary; dt
dining to 20 cents on April 25 and to 19 cents on April 26. On Fetj
ruary 15, 1918, the base price of zinc sheets was fixed by the Goverh
ment at 15 cents and the price of rolled zinc plates at 14 cents. : I?
Both the production and the value by classes of product given A
the table are subject to slight correction because some producers thhi
sell from a single base price do not keep their sales separated accord^
ing to classes of product (which are arbitrary anyhow) and were44
that extent obliged to make estimates; others, who themselves use thtf
greater part of their output, had to estimate values. But the tottf
production, value, and average price given may be considered acci
rate. The average price agrees closely with the average price showtr
by the exporters' manifests.
!f|
ZINC DUST.
-ill
Zinc dust has been marketed by domestic smelters since 1910. Thd
United States Zinc Co., at Pueblo, Colo., was the first to prepare itj
for the market; the Grasselli Chemical Co. followed later; and onM
by one other companies began to save zinc dust, until in 1917 all thM
companies named below reported production, a small part of whirifil
consisted of " atomized " zinc dust made by subjecting a smaljj
stream of molten zinc to a blast of air. Some of these companies!
prepared zinc dust for the first time in 1914-1917 by reason of.thti
high price of zinc dust consequent upon the inability of Belgian '
and Germany to export any to the United States.
'
American Zinc & Chemical Co., T.nngeloth, Pa. Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Great Falls, Mont. Bartlesville Zinc Co., Bnrtlesvllle, Okla. Clarksburg Zinc Co., Clarksburg, W. Va.
Grasselli Chemical Co., Clarksburg nml Meadowbrook, W. Va. Illinois Zinc Co., Peru, 111. Metals Disintegrating Co., New York, N. Y. National Zinc Co., Bnrtlesvllle, Okla., and Springfield, 111. New Jersey Zinc Co., Palmerton, Pa. United States Smelting Co., Altoona, Knns. United Slates Zinc Co., Pueblo, Colo.
M.IaElt uifv3
ZINC. 1
. I'/it.l/i
The following table gives the output of zihC ' dus .reduction in a commercial way in the United States
. 1 ' ' : C:d : ' -1
Zinc dust produced in the United St(ltest
Short tons.
&10 69
911_______________ --______________ 254 .912l^492
13-423
1914_____
1916-,--------,
w--
1917-------- .--r-J-p^tr-
As will be seen from the table of imports of; zin
age 871, the imports fell off about two-thirdB.Ua 161
Smaller in 1916 and 1917, on account of the increase
'".uction.
. > *
! ZINC PIGMENTS.
:
f#
i . : S* *-
,' Zinc forms the base, either in whole.or ip part
figments--zinc oxide, leaded zinc oxide, zinc-lead o .pone. All of these may be and in the United j^tate Usually have been made directly from .zinc ore. f No has been made since 1909, when the plant' at 'Gab
litas closed. The output of zinc oxide^and leaded zi
been disclosed, as it was confined to one very largejp
eral smaller ones.
1 ^, : ,n
LiUMM^m is an intimate mixture by chemical
IZinc sulpniae and barium sulphate. It may be ^ma
zinc ore, or zinc oxide, but in the UnitediStates lt^s. from zinc skimmingSj zinc ashes, and scrapzinc.,;
of lithophone is growing rapidly, as is shown in the
The figures for 19.06-1914, inclusive, represent marke
those for subsequent years give the total quantity p
.
TAthopone produced in the United States, 1906-1911,
.
`1906 4,300
1912_____ ;'--------
1907 10,275 1908 1909..........- 14,847 1910__________ 1911_____________________
8,292 12,655
1913____ __________ _
1014____________ ms----_____
1916______
16,866
,, Tlie zinc content of the various pigments mad IStates from ore, both domestic and foreign, for the p sis given in the table below. On page 860 a portion fzinc recovered in the form of pigments is given.
1'
in short tons.
IfiOfl
___w_ _________ 48,004
1909------ ------------ - .. _____ 54,139
1910_____ __________ _________ 50,592
1911---------- --------------- ________ 46,122
1912____________________ _____ 64,032
1913. . 1914___
1015-- 1916___ 1917...
id:
..
SECONDABY ZINC.I) .'lo.h-d
By the ordinary method of galvanizing, in whic ' be coated is dipped into a bath of molten zinq, there
I zinc in the form of semioxidized skimmings and of
860
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1911--PART I.
ZINC.
; /. -!. i v; i ia
consisting of the alloy formed by the zinc with the iron of the tfin and the iron of the article that is being galvanized. The large galvanizing plants have, funi aces to resmelt these shimmings an Irosses and to recover the zinc. There are also many small planl and some large ones which make a practice of buying galvanized shimmings and drosses and of recovering the zinc. A considerabl quantity of old metal in the form of various alloys of zinc witjfc copper and other metals is also worked over and brought up to tq desired composition by the addition of new metal. At almost eyed' brass foundry and machine shop in the country it is the custoni remelt and use brass filings, grindings, and scrap copper and bra and it is manifestly impracticable to attempt to take full account'0 such material. Some of the zinc smelters running on ore find''it advantageous to work in a quantity of secondary material, because the loss of zinc in distillation is practically a fixed quantity per charge, whether the charge is of low or high tenor, if secondary material high in zinc is mixed with low-grade ore, the loss per unit of metal recovered is thereby greatly lessened. Where this is doni the smelters make proper returns to the United States Geological Survey, and in these reports prior to 1907 account has been takeq of such production, the output being recorded as dross or secondary zinc. As such metal has been recovered by redistillation, it is prac>! tically indistinguishable in quality from zinc of ordinary grades, made from ore. Several secondary smelters recover zinc front] drosses by redistillation, and these plants are|included in the list.of* smelters on a later page. In the table belowwie secondary zinc,ref; covered by redistillation is separated from thill recovered by remelt0 ing. The cnnvnss of secondary smelters was rrmde by J. P. Dunlop;' of the United States Geological Survey.
Secondary zinc produced in the United States, 191Z-1917, in short tons.
Secondary 7.1nc, redistilled................................... Secondary zinc, remelted....................................... Recovered zino in alloys, excluding old brass re
melted. ................................................................ Recoverod zinc In remclted brass............ .............
Secondary linn recovered ns metal.............
Secondary zinc recovered In pigment................... Secondary zinc recovcnvl in zinc chloride o........
Total secondary zinc....................................
1912
26,084 ?0.187 3,912 28.426 84,589 4,619 4,903 94,111
1913
25,991 24,014 3,743 25,822 79,570 3,705
6,253 89,528
1914
1915
1910
1917,
20,545 22, 424
29,764 23,136
-------29,663 16,835 21,037
3,914 5,300 24,759 34,375 71,642 92,575
6,636 8,323 6,42lT 7,860 84,607 ^08,758
2,600 61,700
115,090
8,749 6,319
130,000
80,000 2
115,201. 9,204'ii 6,248.
132,033
o These figures include only thn quantity of zinc chloride used In wood preservation and were furnish*?-' by courtesy of the Forest Service, Depart rne.nt of Agriculture.
COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION BASED ON SMELTER AND ON MINjfe!]
' REPORTS.
.
The figures of the production of domestic zinc given in the foreH? oing pages are compiled from reports from individual zinc smelters.-
ince 1904 statistics of the production of the more valuable metals in the Western States have bee,n obtained by the United States '. Geological Survey from reports of individual mines, and since 1907( this compilation has been extended over the whole country. In order.;.'
put the smelter production on the same basisiasrt
all the zinc which is manufactured into pigmehtsi d
.( exclusive of the quantity in zinc oxide manufacture
zinc, the inclusion of which would entail its'duplicatio
is added to .the production of metallio.zincJU'TheiZ
powder " only, not " atomized " zinc dust--made from
for the reason given above) produced'during the
deluded here. The zinc recovered from secondary sou
fcfor it has already been once reckoned as zinc. ' The
Iborne in mind in comparing the subjoined table with
|ing the production of zinc.
1j
^Comparison of production of domestic zinc by smeltors and^b
in sh.ort tons.
` . `V*1|(r.r
If
llW7..
Um..
f1909.. Mwo.. 1.1911.. 11912..
hM3-<
11914.
I !?>..
(1910.
H(p917.
IV -
Year.
Totals com* piled from smelter rq>
ports;
Totals com,V piled fr6m>'
hi [no vf
:289,951''
: i ; ,.,ao5,4M ; 327,71 :'345,,260
1 Vw 347086,,8^116" "'406,3f
The smelter totals represent actual recovery a
ssumming up the total production reported by'-all'co
Sculating all pigments and zinc dust back tb equiVa
|on the basis of average analysis of product.'ulri'Co
^totals each producing operator is requested; to! repo
6f zinc ores and concentrates shipped, and'from'
| zinc content is reckoned by assay value. From1 tha
2to 20 per cent, according to the character oftheiofe
1 smelting lossesj and the sum of the 'remainders lth
|all the producing properties' in- each i State gives;l
| State. Where the ore is concentrated at a1 custoiri 'm
= ance is also made forthe loss of metal in the proces
'by either method the correctness of the totals.isf
I complete and correct returns from each producing^
gVlt is further essential to the correctness of the1 mi
assay content and the theoretical 'recovery I bei co
The totals, as compiled from smeltef reports And if
, respectively, should be in reasonable agreement. >I'A
for any year they show considerable divergonfce.
fancies, giving rise to " smelter excess" or "-nime ex
^result of one cause or .of a combination ofIcauses
hag in the smelting of the ore, resulting in accumul
;at the smelters; lag in the mining, owing to'-iwhic
i;pplleetes its ore stocks; error in calculating metallic'c
;and in estimating recovery
(ti
862
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1911---- PART I.
The smelter reports give, the exact annual production of zinca;
serve as a check on the mine production, and they also give the'fbi
in which the zinc was recovered, whether as metal or as pigmeni
For more exact statements of distribution of zinc production"#
cording to origin, recourse must be had to the reports of prodtictii
by mines.
'
r.ffi
MINE PRODUCTION.
?! t<
.
Mine production of zinc in the United Staten, 1908-19.17, in short tons..
State.
iwri|1908 1909 1910 1011 1012 1913 1914 1015 1010. 1
Arisons....................... Arkansas....................
330 G05
Colorado..................... 15,065
Idaho..........................
19
Illinois......................... 1,717
395
Kansas........................ 14,119
Kentucky...................
Missouri..................... 107,404
Montana..................... 820
Nevada....................... 658
New Jersey................ 67,165 New Mexico.............. 1,788
North Carolina.......... Oklahoma.................. Tennessee...................
Utah............................ VIreinift...................... Washington............... Wisconsin..................
4,529 344 18 730 705
18,206
2,989 510
25,005 676
2,103 35
11,445 56
130,162 4,080 1,507
82,510 6,543
7,806 596
4,930 58
23,152
2,742 994
38,545 2,802 3,549
96 13,229
0 128,580 15,819
1,354
68,678 9,044
6,304 966
8,184 794
25,927
2,261 664
1,404 47,304 4,170 4,219
10,272 158
122,515 21,915
1,774
77,445 5,119
81
5,150 1,117
8,920 1,032
10 29,720
4,379 748
2,173 00,111 6,053
4,005
10,033 491
136,651 13,459 6,661
69,755 6,783
142 5,709 2,191
119 8,534
249
33,050
4,714 478 529
59,673 11,537 2,236
10,088 327
124,963 44,337
7,210 15
72,156 8,262
10 11,664 5,583
326 9,429 2,719
39,110
4,806 60$ 195
48,387 21,006 4,811
11,284 230
105,994 55,790 6,490
6 74,2.53 9,202
13.992 10,425
108 7,995
174
31,113
0,110 3,209 0,517 62, 297 35,077 5,534
14,365 764
136,300 93,573 12,188
24 116,618 12,702
2,455
14,314 16,401
15 12,149
1,267 122
41,403
9,839 6,815 7,628 67,143 43,253 3,404
21 12,448
1,096 165,900 114,630 16,222
38 112,020 18,285
4,507
28,754 26,428
116 14,786
2,278
847 56,803
10,^
6,691$ 5,438 60, IM 39,9J7j 4,267|
18: 20,2491
7511 132.918, 93,130
HiUfl
138.849
m
85,y
"f
59,742
234,526 305,423 327,712 345,260 378,816 406,419 406,959 586,491 703,317 713,3M
The following table shows for each zinc-producing State the totalj
quantity of zinc ore produced and the output of each kind of zinc
bearing ore. The column headed "All other ore" includes lead'd
copper ore, copper-lead ore, and dry or siliceous ore, no zinc of ednjj
sequence being recovered from any of them except in California1 arid
Colorado. "Dry" ores produced in Colorado in 1917 contained
I,549 short tons of recoverable zinc. Copper-zinc ores produced^ if
California contained 3,459 tons of recoverable zinc. These ores, hoa$
ever, were concentrated from parts of the ore from certain couriti&l
and were not distributed through the whole of the "All other orriSJ
credited to those States in 1917. The total crude ore yielding eitherfl
gold, silver, copper, lead, or zinc is given for each zinc-producing*
State, so that a comparison may be made of the relative extent'Or
deep mining operations for all nve metals in these States, the quarif
tity of crude ore raised being the best measure for this purpose#!
The table discloses the fact that Missouri produced a little'more tharif
one-fifth of the crude-ore output of the zinc-producing States, held
production being 1)7,024,000 short tons of crude ore, of whictfj
II,136,100 tons was zinc-lead ore. Exclusive of iron ore, this \vas|
the largest production of metalliferous crude ore in the United*
States. Next in rank was Arizona, with 15,770,193 tons of cruddl
copper ore; Utah ranked third, with 15.358,481 tons of crude oreiS
Michigan, which formerly ranked second in quantity of crude ore)!
raised, was fourth in 1917, with 12,400,723 tons.
'""tf
ZINC.
17,: v -i r*
The table gives also the quantity of recoverable e crude ores of each State and the quantity .'of z ch kind of zinc ore. The percentage of recover the zinc ore and the zinc-lead ore of each: S he recoverable zinc content of crude-Zind sore ^ ir cent for a small quantity produced in Calif fier cent in Tennessee; the Western States ShpWc
[percentages. The zinc-lead ore of Missouri avera JecoverablC zinc--the leanest average shown by worked in any State in 1917. The average recOv [of the zinc ore of the United States in 1917 was 9 zinc-lead ore was 2.2 per cent. Of the total m zinc in 1917, a quantity corresponding to 31.7.pe from zinc ore, 67.5 per cent from zinc-lead ore, an
11 other ores. The figures of mine production [from the chapters on gold, silver, copper, lead, a [duction) in the various States, as indicated' jin-i
Mine production of zinc in thq United Stales ifo 19
Zinc oro.
Ztno-lead ore.
; [All
Gtato.
Crude ore.
Quan tity.
Per
cent age.
..Crude ore.-
Recoverable slnooontent.
_._rina................. Arkansas............... ICalifornia..............
Colorado............... Taho.....................
nols...................
5,309
0,091
63 23,791
6,412
Kansas.................. Kentucky.............
*" tsouri................ ntana...............
Nevada................. New Hampshire. Hew Jersey........... New Mexico......... New York............ Oklahoma.............
Washington.. Wisconsin...
5 9,000 751
258,840 17,010 18,390 6,909
*727,496 1 135,129 : 47,961
18,239 11
1,832 328 22
2,614,133 225,808 percentage of total
J tine derived from * eachklndof ore...
43,071 4,738 ^ 9.716,668
*26,*60i
412,371
b 118,075 3b217,,304000
903,400
. ,8.3 . 11 i&ioo 132,918
726 280 76,061
27,943 6,245
3,000
45
*7?3 :297
8.4 2,13
3l..t1| 1,62(<
1.2 6,88 10.6 6,32 18.8 6,42
1.5....
*'i6|899 '**694
C523*200 61,638
9.0 21,812,486 482,080 2.2 60,18 07.6
Exclusive of fluorspar.
b Estim
Mining districts are established with: .little h
[restrictions of political boundaries and may inclu (States. The following table has been compiled Ition of zinc in the principal districts so that the Fas to extent of zinc mining operations, as show [crude ore; as to character or ores, whether sulphi Ifinally, as to relative rank as zinc producers,
) rrf
\ t ;-y
rii 1 r>
- ' hv
LEAD
..
By C. E. SlEBENTHAL. ------------------ . s im
*
SUMMARY.
Summary statistic* of refined lead in the United States, 1
1912
1913
1914
ffl
ul
Total production of refined primary load In tho Unitod Stales.....................................
Production of dosllvorlecd lead In the United States............. .............................. ..
Production of soft lead In the United States (Including desilverized soft)..........
Production of antlmonial lead in the United States................................................
Production of lead from domestic ores........ Production of secondary load in the
United States................................................ Consumption of primary load In the Unitod
States (disregarding stocks).......................
480,894 339,646 171,037
13,552 392,617
67,168
394,113
462,460 330,693 161,300
16,666 411,878
72,834
414,283
642,12 333,96
201,72
16,66 612,79
61,06 481,20
a "primary load/' which Is produced directly from ore, Is here distin
which Is obtained by refining sklmmlngs, drosses, and old motals. Th plvenon p. 886. Wberover m this report the word "lead" Is used witho
v*<i
i-rfitj f"'ll
iorJ
The output of refined lead in the United Stat in 1917 was 548,450 short tons, valued at $94,3
sales price of refined lead compared with 55 $76,207,000 based on the average "outside" s York in 1916--a loss in quantity of 3,778 tons and a gain in value of $18,126,000, or nearly 2
INTRODUCTION.
Though the publication of this chapter has b
by press of work growing out of the war that
chiefly for purposes of statistical record, neve
figures have been available since the beginning
of the production of refined lead in 1917 was
of a press bulletin on January 10, 1918. Th
on reports received from every lead smelter in
actual production for the first 10 or 11 months
for the remainder of the year.
..
The statistics of production of lead in this
been compiled by the United States Geologi
fidential reports submitted by each lead-smelt
tion during the year. The statistics of the .
lead were also collected by the Geological Sur
domestic consumption are taken in part from.t
95186--M a 1917, rr 1-----56
''
884
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1I>17----PART I.
LEAD.
SOFT LEAD.
The lead ores of the Mississippi Vnlley are almost free from silver
and the lead produced from them is known as "soft lead."
"
A little lead ore of this kind is also mined in Washington and other
Western States; but in the last few years this ore has been smelted
by plants treating argentiferous lead ore and thus the resulting lead
has not been distinguished from tho desilvorized product of those'
plants. With two exceptions, tho smelters running exclusively on
tlicso soft-lead ores do not desilverize their product. Their output1
is shown in the column headed ``Soft lead" in the table on page 882;
giving tho production of refined lead for 1720-1917. However,-
considerable soft-lead ore has been annually smelted and some pur-;
chased pig soft lead has been desilvorized by the silver-lead smelters.1
Sinco 1904 the St. Louis Smelting & Refining Co. has regularly desil-t
verized its product. In 1915 the St. Joseph Lead Co. installed desil
verizing kettles and a part of its product has since been desilver-1
lzed. This desilverized soft lead, for the years prior to 1906. has i
not been recorded separately from the Icail produced from silver-
lead ores, though the lead content of tho soft-lead ores so smelted
and desilverized has been recorded since 1894. Since 1906 the quan
tify f soft lead produced by each State has been recorded, as shown-
in part in the preceding table. In the following table the undesil-1
verized output of the soft-lead smelters is given in the first column \
and the refined lead output from sofLlead ores smelted and desil- '5
verized is given in the second column. The figuros do not give the
total quantity of lead recovered from soft-lead ores, for me lead
recovered in the form of pigments, which are made principally from
soft-lead ores, should be taken into account. Tho load content of
pigmonts smnltod directly from ore in 1917 is given on page 886.
Soft lead -produced in the United States, 1907-1917, in short tons.
Year
Undwll- DcsMver Total soft
verized.
ged.
load.
batches, tho output of antimonial lead in any one yea
essarily correspond strictly to. the bullion refined du
hence tho antimonial lead output is distributed as be
and foreign in proportion to the lead refined from .dom
foreign bullion during the year. This method has g
sistent results up to 1915. For the period 1909 to
| the domestic antimonial lead reportod amounted to
the refined lead produced from domestic -bullion1 a
antimonial lead equaled 4.5 per cent of tho lead1 sme
from foreign ores and bullion. The total1 antimbnia
during the poriod 1907-1917 was equal to 6.16 'pehiC
lead rofinod from domestic and foreign bullion1 duta
Since the beginning of the war, however, the roturnk h
sistent and it is not believed that they represent acc
tribution as botween domestic and foreign sources.
only tho total production of by-product antimonial
tho table below.
m.; M
By-product antimonial lead produced in the United States,
Year
Total lead reflned
from base bullion
(short tons).
Porccntnco ot by product
aut.lmonlal
lead.
Antimonial lead.
Quantity (short tons).
Valuo.
Quantity (short tons).
1907.. - 1908.
1909. 1910.. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917.
Average.
283,759 265,683 297,219
320015,,306052
300,857 301,160 340,397
344,593 335,375
365,908
3.6
9,910 31,322,985
1,661
5.1
13,620
1,264,771
2,440
13
12,896
1,231,019
2,360
4.7
14,069
1,338,090
2,229
4.8
14,078
1,360,556
2 254
4.4
13,552
1,311,348
1,949
6.5
10,655
1,591,854
2,603
4.9
16,667
1,572,167
2,693
0.7
23,224
3,665,736
3,425
7.2
24,008
4,483,682
3,496
5.1
18,646
3,781,560
2,769
1007...
1908... 1900...
1910. .. 1911.. . 1912. ..
1913... 19H... 1916.. .
1910... 1017...
99,801 101,012
117,158 141,318 155,947
141,248 131,307 158,219 161,461 167,515
188,503
29,829
29,869 32,532 27,952
35,667
29,789 29,433 43,506 44,001
68,244 56,268
129,630
130,881 149,090
169.270 191,614 171,037 161,300 201,725 205,462 235,750 244,771 .
ANTIMONIAL LEAD.
The output of by-product antimonial lead from argentiferous lead ores derived from all sources, ns reported by all lead refineries operating in this country, is shown for the period 1871-1906 (earlier . years being estimated from the output of desilverized lead) in a table i in the chapter on lead in Mineral Resources, 1914. The figures for ? later years are given in the table below. Since 1909 producers have been asked to distinguish between the by-product antimonial lead derived from ore andI bullion of foreign origin and that from domestio ores. Inasmuch as the antimonial skimmings are worked up in
Details of the production and consumption' 6f i
I United States are given in the chapter on antim
* Resources, 1917. . `
ivpiA-n PIGMENTS.
'
PIGMENTS SMELTED DIRECTLY FROM
; ' ItK;
1 In addition to leaded zinc oxide: iand zinc-lead,. noted more particularly in connection with the;,p pigments, two other lead pigments are made d namely, sublimed white lead and sublimed blue
i white lead consists of lead sulphate 75 per cent, le cent, and zinc oxide 5 per cent. Sublimed blue, lea sulphate 50 to 53 per cent, lead oxide 41 to 38 per proportions of lead sulphide, lead sulphite, ana z lead oxide contains from 46 to 50 per cent of lead s to 46 per cent of zinc oxide, and a small quantity No zinc-lead oxide is made at present. Leaded zin from 4 to 20 per cent in lead sulphate, the rem
oxide, with a small portion of ?inc sulphate.
886
MINERAL, RESOURCES, 1917--PART I.
Lead content of pigments smelledfrom ore in the United Stales, 1007-1017, in short tons '
1907 ....................................................... 7,099 1913........................................................ 10.9981
1908 ...................................................... 8,278 1914........................................................ 11,914,
1909....................................................... 7,292 1915........................................................ 12,782.
1910....................................................... 7,603 1916........................................................ 13,262'
1911....................................................... 7,678 1917........................................................ 12,87(1
1912....................................................... 10,323
In order to avoi.d di.sclosi.ng indi.vidual business, the statistics o'<f
production of leaded zinc oxide and sublimed lead (basic sulphate,
white and blue lead) are combined with those of zinc oxide. The;
salesN of the.se pigments in 1917 amounted to 140,636 short tonsj,
valued at $26,972,137, compared with 135,606 short tons, valued atf
$23,515,803, in 1916. The output of sublimed lead ancl of leaded1,;
zinc oxide decreased somewhat.
PIGMENTS MANUFACTURED FROM PIG LEAD. Manufactured lead pigments marketed in 1916-17.
Pigment.
Basic carhonato whlfolcad: In oil................................. Dry....................................
Red lead................................. Orongo mineral..................... Litharge..................................
Quantity (short tons).
1910 Value.
1917
Avcmgo Quantity
prico
(short
per ton. tons).
Valuo.
Average f price i
per ton.
90,041 32,938 23,035 37,739
189, 753
$10,560,137 4,714,343
3,933,566
5,853,543
$172.43 143.13
170.70
155. II
31,061,589 .................
87,a?i 27,869 25,478 44,102
184,780
*17,608,907 4,920,864 5,523,018 8,611,074
36,663,923
*201.63 176.57
216.78
195.25
SECONDARY LEAD.
Secondary lead is obtained mainly from skimmings, drosses, old *
metal, and allovs, such as babbitt, solder, and type metal. The 1
recovery of lead by relining these materials constitutes an integral ?
part of the lead industry. This business is carried on mostly at
small refineries scattered over the United States, but the largq >
smelters and refineries working primary lead frequently find it
advantageous to incorporate material from secondary sources. The '
firoduct of such secondary refineries is of two classes--pig lead and
cad in alloys. The lead in alloys may have been recovered in the
form of pig lead and alloyed at the refinery, or it may have been :
refined as an alloy, being brought to tho dosirod composition by the
addition of the requisite metal.
; '<>
. Secondary lead produced in the United States, 1000-1917, in short tons.
"T
.1
Ycnr.
Pig lead.
Lead In alloys.
Total re covered
lead.
Value.
1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913.
1914. 1915. 1916
1917.
18,360
29,492 27,389 30,266
33,104 29,337
36,400 56,700 45,100
23,327
25,930 26,895 36,902
39,730 31,725
42,500 39,600 48,400
41,687
55,422 54,284
07,168 72,834 61,002 78,900 96,300 93,500
$3,585,000 4.877.000 4.886.000 6.045.000 6.409.000 4.763.000 7.416.000
13.289.000 16.082.000
LEAD.
MINE PRODUCTION.
The first table below shows for each lead-
St
quantity of lead-bearing oresproduced ana the output
kinds of lead-bearing ore. Tne column headed "All
includes copper ore, copper-lead ore, and dry or siliceous
ores produced in Colorado contained 9,779 Bhort tons
California 4,437 tons, and in Nevada, 3,739 tons. Thi
other States, was concentrated from parts of the ore
counties, however, and was not distributed through the
"All other ore." The total crude ore yielding either
copper, lead, or zinc is given for each lead-producing Sta
comparison may bo made of the relative extent of deeptm
tions in these States, of which the quantity of etude ore
best measure. As shown by the table, Missouri, took a
position in the production of crude lead ore and' Ipadr
ores, having produced more than two-thirds' of theiptu
and rnoi o than one-half of the crude lead-bearing zino'o
tho United States in 1917, and thus occupied the first'ra
of crude ore carrying any or all of the five metals .named
The table also gives the quantity of lead contained in th
of each State in 1917 and tne lead content of each kind of
ore. The percentage of lead contained in the lead ore,
ore, and tho zinc oro of each State is also given.: The
of load ore, in States having a considerable production,
29.7 per cent in Washington, down to 3.5 per cent in M
average for all the States was 5.4 per cent. The load-z
somewhat richer in lead than the zinc orbs, averaging
whereas tho average load content of the zinc ores was
tliis low figure being duo to the preponderance of low
bearing zinc ores in the Central States. Of the total m
tion of lead in 1917, a quantity corresponding to 69,1
derived from load ores, 26.8 per cent from lead-zinc ores
from zinc ores, and 3.5 per cent from all other ores. T
mine production of lead are taken from the chapters on
copier, lead, and zinc in the various States, as indicated
tory note.
) -.
Tfhh<e second of the following tables shows the mirie p
lead by individual districts so that they may be com
extent of mining operations, shown by the output of cru
character of ores, whether sulphide or oxidized, whether
and as to relative rank as lead producers.
Mine production of lead in the UnitedStates in 1917, by States and kinds of ore.
M IN E R A L RESOURCES, 1917-- PAR T I.
head ores.
Lead-zinc ores.
Zinc ores.
All other ores.
Total.
State.
Crude ore
(short
tons).
Lead content.
Quantity Per (short cent tons). age.
Crude ore
(short tons).
Lead content.
Quantity Per (short cent tons). age.
Crude ore
(short tons).
Lead content.
Quantity Per (short cent tons). age.
Crude ore
(short
tons).
Lead content.
(short tons).
Crude ore
(short tons).
Lead content
(short tons).
Alaska___ Arizona___ Arkansas.. California.. Colorado... Idaho......... Illinois___ Iowa. Kansas................. Kentucky............ Missouri............... Montana............... Nevada.................. New Hampshire.. New Mexico......... North Carolina... Oklahoma........... . South Dakota.... Tennessee............. Toxas..................... Utah...................... Virginia................. Washington.......... Wisconsin.............
Percentage of total lead derived from each kind of ore.................... .
42 82,285 29,651 103,081 1, 448,285
5,887,900 28,923 66,614 17,426 32
638,071 16,407
8,319,086
8,145 2,694 10.344 137,510
204,545 2.778 7! 678
2,8181
68,623 * 4,870
450,048
19.0 9.9 9.1 10.0 9.5
3.5 10.0 11.5 16.2 3.1
10.8 *29.7
49,071
26,501 412,371 1,118,075 327,340 b 1,000 903,400
11,136,100 726,280 27,943 3,000 10,899
3,523,200
6i,*638
421,704 34,211 14,953 3,014,800
21,812, 486
3,081
3,803 13,372 58,938
594 34 3,025
29,611 5, 728 2.400
48 542
26,358
2,525
19,394 855 23
4,139'
174,470
6.3 62,839 203,600
14.4 125 3.2 140,455 5.3 19,269 0.2 3.4
.3 * 9,000
.3 .8 258.846 8.6 18,393 1.6 5.0 135,129
883,341
4.6 6,535 2.5 990
.2 114 .1
8 1,738,636
91 382
500 .4 301 1.6
4,074,615 15,575,998
2,946,973 2,032,799
172,878 ()
1,770 22
697
.0006
()
5.293,115 6; 360,569
4,413,373 2,055
1,867,941 589,004 52,382
14,292,171 350
140,645
3,803
57,814,868
844 416 4,437 9,779 31 845
700 3,739
497
1
1,214
4,074.657
15, 770;193 203,600
3,003,250 2,688,706 2,758,507
327,340 b 1.000
903:400
<*69,000 17,024.000
6,307,164 6,473.519
3;ooo 4,576,827
2.087 3,523;200 1,865,310
1,533,983 52,382
15,358,481 35,551 172,119
3,014,800
22,628 89,685,076
852 11,733
382 10,934 33,995 196,780 1,439
34 3,025
123 234,156
10,976 13,839
48 4,554
26,358 34
2,531l
89,261 859
4,895 4,139
650,949
6 3.5
a Lead concentrates are obtained as a by-product in milling fluorspar ores In southern Illinois and Kentucky, but the quantity of crude fluorspar would not properly beclassified among "All other ores" and Is therefore omitted.
6 Estimated.
890
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1M.7--PART I.
LEAD SMELTERS. ACTIVE SMELTERS AND REFINERIES.
UNITED STATES.
(Oporatod In 1917.)
Ca l if o r n ia Selby--Selby Smelting A Lead Co.1 Refinery also.
Co l o r a d o :
.
Denver--Globe plant, American Smelting A Refilling Co.
, ;./jg3
Duranpo--Durango plant, American Smelting A Refining Co.
1j m|
Loadvillo--Arkansaa Valley plant, American Smelting* Refining Co,*S
Pueblo--Pueblo plant, American Smelting & Refining Co.
Salida--The Ohio A Colorado Smeltini & Refining Co.1 Id a h o : Kellogg--Hunker Hill & Sullivan Smelter.
Il l in o is :
Aurora--Aurora Metal Co.i3 *
Chicago--Goldsmith Bros.' Smelting & Refining Co.3
Chicago--Great Western Smelting A Refining Co.3 *
.
Collinsville--St. Louis Smelting A Refining Co.* Refinery only..
Federal--Federal Lead Co.1
In d ia n a :
East ChicagtL--Intemational Lead Refining Co.3 Refinery only.
,
Grassclli---United States Metals Refining Co.3 Refinery only. Betts eld
process.
"
Ka n s a s : Galena--Galena Smelting A Manufacturing Co.7
Mrssouni:
Granby--Granby Mining & Smelting Co.
"
Herculaneum--St. Joseph Lead Co.
Joplin--Eaglo-Picher Lead Co.
.
Webb City--Webb City Smelting A Manufacturing Co.7
'
Mo n t a n a : East Helena--East Helena plant, American Smelting A Refining Q
Ne d r a s k a: Omaha--Omaha A Grant Smelting Co.8 Refinery only. BsttaA
lytic process.
"
Ne w Je r s e y :
/:
Newark--Balbach Smelting A Refining Co.3 Refinery also.
Perth Amboy--Perth Amboy plant, American Smelting A Refining Cd<|.|
also.
_
'
Ne w Me x ic o : Doming--Empire Smelting A Refiuing Co.
Ok l ah o ma : St. Louis--Ontario Smelting Co. Pe n n s y l v a n ia : Carnegie--Pennsylvania Smelting Co. Refinery also. v
Te x a s : El Paso--Kansas City Consolidated Smelting A Refining Co.1
Ut a h :
Midvale--United States Smelting Co.8
Murray--Murray plant, American Smelting A Refining Co.
International--International Smelting Co.
Wa s h in g t o n : Northport--Northport Smelting A Refining Co.3
:
CANADA.
Br it is h Co l u mu t a : Trail--Consolidated Mining A Smolting Co. of Cai
Refinery also. Betts electrolytic process.
.
On t a r io :
Kingston--Kingston Smelting Co. (Ltd.).
Galctta--Estate of James Robertson.
MEXICO.
Ao u a s c a l ie n t e s : Aguascalientcs--American Smelting A Refining Co. Ch ih u a h u a :
Chihuahua--American Smelting A Refining Co. UnuACHic--UruAchic Mining A Smelting Co. (Ltd.).
i Subsidiary American Smelters Securities Co. * Subsidiary of American Metal Co. 8 Smelters of secondary materials but treating somo lead ores. * Subsidiary o( National Lead Co.
Subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Mining Co. s Subsidiary of United Stales Smelting, Refining Sr Mining Co. i Subsidiary of Eagle-Picher Lead Co.
8 Subsidiary of American Smelting & Rofining Co. * Afllliatod with Pennsylvania Smolting Co.
LEAD.
B^Saitillo--Mazapil Copper Co. (Ltd.).
I1' Torreon--CompafKa Metaldrgica de Torredo.1 .
itriLANoo:
ftiAsarco (Velardena)--American Smelters Securities Co.
Jr Mapimi--CompaBla Minera de Penoles.1 foERREno: Campo Morado--Reforma Mining A Milling Co.
[Fe v o Le o n : Monterey- A` meri'can "Smo"lt'ing A" Refining "Co.
SN Lu t s Po t o s i:
-
^..Matehuala--American Smolters Securities Co. (. National Metallu
San Luis Potosi--Compafifa Motalfirgica Mexicans.
dno r a;
S' Guaymns--Pacific Smolting A Refining Co. (Mexican-America
fc" Refining Co. (Ltd.).)
_
. ' -
li.Ures--Yaaiii Smelting A Refining Co., S. A. Refinory'also,'
a c a t e c as : Clialchiliuites--National Smelting Co.
f SMELTER CHANGES IN 1917: 111
1-the Bunker ITiJl Smelter began operating in Ju]y/l91
5P0-ton blast furnace. By tho end of _the year thi-ee'f he refining plant were i'n operat"ion. Tb' e EmppiirreeSifie png Co. rebuilt tho old National (Luna) plant at Defili |'1917, and treated ore from April until October, when t
itroyed by fire. The Ontario Smelting Co. began the a sofUead smelter at St. Louis, a village in the north
' Oklahoma. The plant is expectod to be finished e id will bo equipped with four Newnara automatic' qr
ad stack, and a bag houso.
TRADE CONDITIONS. WORLD'S PRODUCTION.
'
^-Official statistics of tho world's output of lead for t
le war are incomplete; for the reason that many of th
(juntrics did not permit the publication of such inform
oped, that the data may be sufficiently complete to m cation of value by the time the lead chapter for 1918,is p
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
I:
Ul
, WAREHOUSE TRANSACTIONS. ,
Jad imported into tho United States as metal or in
intered for immediate consumption; the duty being p
ead going direct to tho consumer; or it may be entered fo
>oncI being given for double the amount of the estimat
he accompanying tables the phrase "general imports"
tal imports, including both lead entered for immediate c
,nd lead entered for warehouse. From warehouse the
withdrawn for consumption by payment of duty, or it m
ond for smolting ana refining, finally being either w
nsumption or exported from warehouse with cancella
le lead entered for immediate consumption and that
rom warehouse for consumption make up the "imports
ion," wliich are expressed in the same terms as those
\ey were imported. The lead imported for consump
dually used in this country, or it may be manufactured
hich are exported; in the latter event the manufactu
the benefit of a drawback of 99 per cent of the duties
Subsidiary of Araorlcon Metal Co.
892
ATTNI5UAl, RESOURCES, 101 ^---- PART I.
table below, showing foreign lead exported in manufactures^
benefit of drawback, the lend is shown in the form in which it was 9
nally imported. On account of diversity of form it is not feasibl
show the articles exported with benefit of drawback. The foreign^
given in the table below as exported from warehouse is l3t6 _
shown in the form in which it was imported and entered for.w:
house. Foreign lead exported from warehouse has, since July 1 j 19
been included by tho Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commef$
the domestic exports as "from foreign ore."
'yj
The items foreign lead exported from warehouse, domestic expo
of lead "from foreign ore," and foreign lead exported in manuf
tures with benefit of drawback make up the total foreign leadgo5
out of the country. Load in warehouse and deductions by liqUidl
tion being disregarded, the difference between tho sum of th'
exports of foreign lead and the total imports of lead constituteSjtH
foreign lead consumed in this country. For the sake of simplim'
this foreign lead is carried on tho bonded customs warehouse recoi
in the form in which the lead was entered until the bond is cancel
It must be clearly understood, therefore, that the lead listed in.'t
table of foreign exports of lead, on a later page, was not exported^
lead content of ore and base bullion but as refined lead smelted a
refined from them. Since 1914, however, all foreign lead expor.
has been classed as lead, "pigs and bare," except a portion of, tfl
articles manufactured from foreign lead and exported with benefit^
drawback. For articles not made wholly of lead it would be us6l'
to give weights, but each shipment on which drawback is claimed
accompanied by a manifest of the imported lead used in making th'
articles and the duty paid thereon. From these manifests is derived
the statement of tho total quantity of foreign lead used in manufa
tures exported with the benefit of drawback. For this reason th
lead is given in the form in which it was imported.
Tho following table is taken from the reports of the Bureau of Fd`
eign and Domestic Commerce. For the reasons given above/ th
lead is shown in the terms in which it was imported. For instance, a
considerable part of tho lead stated as remaining in ore and be "
bullion doubtless represents refined lead waiting at the bonded ]
finery for a favorable market for shipment. If this is borne in mind.,
the table gives a fair idea of the fluctuations of foreign stock;
different times and in different localities.
Tscad remaining in warehouse in the United. States ])cc. 31, 1910-1017, in pounds.
jj
Form In which lead
was entered forwarebousc.
Remaining at--
Year.
T/ad In ore rigs,
and base bars, and
bullion.
old.
New York.
Newark, Perth Am N. J. boy, N. J.
.Chicago, 111
El Taso, Tex.
1910.........
1911......... 1912.......... 1913.. . 1914......... 1915. . 1910......... 1917........
71,794,443 8,869,713 20,891,182
10,620,953 15,333,064 24,338,933 23,667,358
47,853,945
149,082 93,082 93,802
3,837
1,070,298 5,370,445
7,548,930 30,112,130 2,777,692 2,308,322 1,880,828 17 066,768
8,785,5^1 10,309,592
8,401,728 8,575,115 19,015,511
21,090,631 954,884 484,671
80,880 04,775 105,257
4,732,535 4,757,315
0,937,007
2,555,733 767,533
1,683,091 4,802,961 14,678,800
6,814,844 18,951,649
a Kansas City before 1914.
LEAD,
IMPORTS.
. ': ''i
The following tables are taken from the reports and record ureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce:
Lead imported and enteredfor consumption in the United States, 1910-1
I^ad in ore.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Base bullion.
Quantity (pounds),
Value.
(
Tigs, bars, and old.
Sboets, pipe, and shot.
Quantity (pounds).
Quan
Value. tity. Value. pounds.
N
oth wis spe fie
9' 110......
912... 913... 914... 915... 914... 917...
7,998,859 $198,196
1,474,254 20,503 035,861 24,700
2,300,972 75,835
5,459,001 188,749 2,805,792 00,010 10,125,083 308,824 5,438,931 207,370
16,543,107 $337,223 17,376,459 352,695
22,729,407 402,559 17,006,227 388,110 8,904,043 301,195 15,496,230 619,355
5,242,171 208,277 ft, 965,849 470,539
ft, 770,006 1212,858 39,779 $1,972 $4, 7,112,749 242,423 63,161 2,855 7,2 5,101,823 110,459 31,184 2,306 6,4 4,021,270 105,738 89,171 3,291 12,
575,290 12,281 62,552 2,763 81, 997,308 32,951 201,610 17,069 107, 0,388,097 331,235 532 63 106, 1,750,223 85,743 12,538 2,699 10,
Type metal imported and enteredfor consumption in the United States, 190
Year
Type motal.
Lead c
Gross weight (pounds).
8,143,749 13,932,013 19,602,471 14,632,073 4,110,480 13,993,889 13.391,199 8,390,470
581,411 567,004 1,509,538 2,708,261 1,162,386
Valuo.
$221,127 456,155 000,008 932,027 156,847 532,108 485,493 310,658 18,668 20,098 45,373 107,607 83,816
Quantity. (pounds).
884,423 476.629 896.629 095,027 265,815 339,378 176,830 936,711 477,000 467,688 322,188 424,306 923,473
Average lead content, 1901-1917.........................................................
Prior to 1904 tho lead content of the typo ractal was not given, Besides lead, the chief the type metal Is antimony.
encral imports of lead into the United Stales, in ore, base bullion, and refined, by sources, in pounds.
Country.
United Kingdom................ Germany............................... Other European countries..
Total from Europe.. Canada. Mexico................. Pouth America.. Other countries.
Total Imports.
1010
1911
1912
1,874,750 421,377 418,669
2,714,796 206,979
203,290,307 ft,698,263 4,394,421
217,201,700
401,686 50,286 111,189
569,161 270,947 172,633,479 4,778,221 1,651,544
179,903,352
167,121,592
Country.
United Kingdom.............. . ^ermany.............................. Other European countries.
Total from Europe..
M nWacdoa..................................................... lb America................... ptjer countries.................
Total Imports..........
1914 1015 1910 .
245,548 4,629,919
123,085
4,898,552 384,007
46,282,207 2,417,744 2,694,293
56,076,808
185,236
32,' 537
217,773 2,303.170 94,247,384 5,420,507
802,616
102,991,410
575,759 12,606.216 48,395,670 6,235,768 2,845,949
70,669,362
894
MINERAL RESOURCES, Wll---- PART I.
General imports of lead into the United Slates, 1910-1017, by classes, in pown
Lead In oro (lead content).
J'nso bullion.
Cross weight.
Lend con tent.
Pisehse,ebtas,rs, and old.
c??.
1010
1911 1912
1913 19U 1915 1916 1917
91,751,034 35,686,180
19,577,499
19,883,313 23,619,637 18,183,110
35,086,100 41,202,870
118,001,415 141,481,852 152,420,621
06,908.170 33,444,503 86,247,995 24,943,660 109,279,097
115,483,542 138,952,372 146,999,168 9-1,327,654 32,730,320 83,980,988
24,202,435 103,601,970
0,970,170 5,264,800
544,925 82,999 296,846
819,282 11,310,817 11,585,974
217, 179, 167,
i<nm 70^;
Basic carbonate while lead, red lead, litharge, and orange mineral, imported and ert
consumption in the United States, 1911-1917.
* ' *"
Year.
1911. 1912. 1013. 1914. 1915. 1016. 1917.
Corroded while lead.
Hod lead.
Qtmntlty.
Valuo. Quantity. Value
Lltborgo.
Oranee miner
Xn- VoIuo-
Quan tity.
V:
Pounds. 741,071 687,705 072,109 596,007 339,157
88,617 20,238
$46,213 46,491 45,206 40,203 21,608
8,050 1,905
Pounds. 1,003,533
757,908
09,832
12,501 1,968
20,407 50
$42,471 33,851
4,903 2,934
132
5,302 13
Pounds. 24,662 32,443
34,023 33,651
20,650 1,320
$1,190 1,550
1,750 1,805
1,422 150
Pounds.
601,734 334,651
330,526 210,388
171,572 70,934 33,294
`JS
EXPORTS. DOMESTIC EXPORTS.
"t
The average difference between the prices of lead at New York !
at London for the 10 years prior to 1914 was not far from 1 j cen^
a pound and the price at New York was the higher. This being tif case, exports of domestic pig lead should be expected only un<k
temporary or very unusual circumstances. The practice of the Butea;
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce has been to class all exports:,
lead articles manufactured in this country as domestic expor whether the lead is of domestic or foreign origin. For this re' " no table of exports of domostic lead manufactures has been giv
because such a table would duplicate the table showing for ' lead in manufactures exported with benefit of drawback. Since'-'t exports of domestic pig lead began, however, they have been shp:
separately. In 1914 the price of lead at London rose above the price at i
York early in January and remained between one-fourth and one-^i
cent a pound above throughout the year. This made it possibly
export domestic lead at a profit, and the decrease in imports of ore and bullion from Mexico rendered it necessary to satisfy the eign demand with domestic lead, the exports of which assumed proportions. The movement commenced in March, 1914, and the end of the year 58,722 short tons, valued at $4,501,674, had b , exported. Likewise in 1915 the price of lead at London was fr" one-fourth to 1 cent a pound higher than the price at New Y except for the period of high prices in the United States during and July. Exports of domestic lead continued heavy throughout
year, reaching a total of 88,306 tons, valued at $7,928,518. In 191
LEAD.
exports of domestic lead amounted to 100,500 tons'
ued at $13,494,065.
' : ""
n 1917 the exports of domestic lead fell to 53,688 tons, val
660,598.
> [hi'.
White lead exportedfrom the United States, 1913-1917, 1
---- -w
Quantity'1 (pounds)* >i
FOREIGN EXPORTS.
:16,092,384,
17,645,638 25,310,yj 'I 27,435,054 19,737,890 .
u
n.iK>[
oil I
By exports of foreign lead are meant the exports of lead of -un wfiich h^s been smelted, refined, or manufactured:in this
and then shipped abroad. The following table; made u records of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerdb', 6 total lead exported for a period of years; but it must bd
mind, as pointed out in a previous page, that prior to 19 tual exports were not in the form shown in the table, whidh port form, but instead consisted of refined lead and lead turos. Since July 1, 1915, the exports of foreign lead her
sed as "ore," "base bullion." and "pigs, bars, andold'v eluded in "pigs, bars, and old" as domestic manufadtUfes1
m foreign ore. The quantities given for lead exported from
use are exact, but the quantities given for lead in manufact
bject to the waste in manufacturing.
'1 "....
io
Foreign lead exportedfrom the United States, 1910-1317, , t .i
Exported from warehouse.
Exported factures fit of lraw
Lead content ofore.
Load content of base bullion.
Pigs, bars, and old.
All
other man ufac
Lead contentofore.
tures.
Quantity (pounds).
Voluc.
Quantity (pounds).
Quantity (pounds).
Quantity (pounds).
22,508,090 $248,220 117,045,333 $2,262,057
19,507
$703 $870
39,276,820 730,247 151,986,265 3,093,290 12,311,103 244,037 1,604
12,796,703 219,859 116,907,305 2,478,256 107,170 3,829 2,121
11,721,714 271,985 77,253,80! 1,827,538 111,606 4,851 3,422
6,724,525 245,206 10,944,350 378,286 25,421,600 913,306 2,242
81) 77,236,303 2,738,203 40,112 19,760,086 1,111,653 541 75,304,480 6,650,157 900
6,692,294 674,621 150,617
74,628 4,040,924
7,90 10,34
lnoe July 1,1915, the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce has classed all foreign lea
domestic exports, of pigs, bars, etc., produoed from foreign."
m,(
'
A CONSUMPTION.
.. - '
statements of consumption of lead in these reportsprior
as the custom to take into account the smelter stocks of
beginning and at the end of the year. It is not to be deni
Km
- ri
\rt*l1
i
-y
TITANIUM.
By Fr a n k L. He s s .
PRODUCTION.
dtrb'jr6%
Rutile (titanium dioxide) and ilmenite (titanium-iron1 p
produced in 1917 by the American Rutile Co., atlRosela
County. Va., and iunenite was produced by Buckman^
(Inc.), 4 miles south of Pablo Beach, Fla. For years'thd
Rutile Co. has been the only producer of ratals in'
and until 1916 the only company producing ilmenite,;blth
highly titaniferous iron ore has been produced in the Adir
New York. During 1917 the production.was 200 short to
concentrates carrying 93 per cent of TiO*, valued at $
1.339 short tons of iunenite concentrates carrying, 63-66
Ti02, valued at about $12,677.
' 'i i
OCCURRENCE AND USES. '
, The American Rutile Co. quarries and crushes, a coa
rock composed of feldspar, blue quartz, and in places, h
mostly altered to hornblende. The feldspar is mostiy
largely intergrown with orthoclase (microchne). The.rob
tains a considerable quantity of apatite. Part of the .ro
what decayed so that it crushes easily, but other parte a
hard. The rock as mined contains from 4 to 6 per'cent o
aboutAhe same quantity of ilmenite, so that electromag
tion is necessary. The rutile as separated has a jpleas
color. It is used in the making of electrodes for arc lamps
quantity for ferrotitanium, ceramic glazes, and cheinicals
leather and cloth. The ilmenite from this quarry seems
liarly adapted to the making of electrodes for arc lamp
better satisfaction than other ilmenites that have been t
The market for both substances is small, and the quant
produced by the American Rutile Co. is practically a me
total market in this country and in part of the foreign m
market for ilmenite is likewise small, although experim
making of pigments with titanium dioxide (TiO,) derived
hite have long been carried on and may provide an ou
product.
,V
Rutile is found near Custer, S. Dak., in an amphibolite
perhaps 1 per cent of rutile in very small prisms.
Ark., titanium dioxide in the form of rutile, octahedrite,)a
is found in connection with nephelite syenite, and rutile'Is
bund in considerable quantity in the stream beds qft'th
orphic rocks of the southern Appalachian region!!'-R
95186--M a 1917, p t 1-------59
930
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1917--PART I.
found in lenticular pegmatite, dikes of which are crushed to gd&
Hanover and Goocldand Counties, Va. All these properties Jf
been prospected, but none have boen found to be serious rival
the deposits at Roseland, whore the quantity available is very 1
The ilmenite obtained near Pablo Beach, Fla., is in the formed
fine sand concentrated along high-tide line on the beautiful slojfS
beach at that place. Accompanying it is a small quantity of rtl'
zircon, and monazite.
!*
The only known foreign deposits of rutile that may be compel
are near Baie St. Paul, Quebec, where it is found m ilmenite^
sapphirinq, but these deposits apparently can not be mined profits
in competition with the Roseland deposits. Fine specimens pf ni'
bearing rock have come from Sonora, Mexico, apparently fro
quartz vein or pegmatite, but little is known of the occurrence.'
Adelaide, South Australia, rutile is found in what appear1'
crushed pegmatite dikes. A very dark rutile is found in gi
rocks at Kragero, in southern Norway, where it has been mine-
the rutile placed on the European market for a number of y
Rutile in fair quantity is found in placers in Queensland, when
little has been marketed, and also in Western Australia.
"'1
RECENT PATENTS.
1/
A. British patent (No. 127922) was issued December 31, 191*. t<hhee United States .Alloys Corporation for an alloy containing ti
nlium. The notice in Chemical Abstracts, volume 13, p. 2334, 0;
bler 10, 1919, is as follows:
. , .....
...
<V
An alloy for use in freeing molten iron or steel from elag or oxide distributed,
mass consists of iron, titanium, and silicon, the iron being in the largest propo
and the silicon in such less proportion than the titanium that, on oxidation in cdti
with the iron or steel, easily fusible silico-titanates are formed. The alloy con
15 to 25 per cent of titanium, 3 to 6 per cent of silicon, and some carbon, and is
from mixtures of rutile, titaniierous iron ore, or ilmenite, quartz, charcoal, and.i
preferably in an electric furnace having a carbon crucible and a carbon electlt
Other recent patents dealing with the use of titanium in alloys/ noted under cobalt in this volume under the names of Ameriqr
Alloys Co.; Radclyffe Furness; James H. Parker and B. H. De T K. Shiga; and United States Alloys Corporation.
tfc
v
1
\'
V;
;; i! i/bi . 11
. ' i! '( "''V'i'
TUNGSTEN.
By Fr a n k L. He s s '
GENERAL CONDITIONS
The tungsten concentrates and ore minedmndyma
.'nited' States in 1916, equivalent to 5,923 short/ton
irates carrying 60 per cent of tungsten trioxide.rtxTi-tv
brevious records for any country; and the records #er<
my the output of 1917, during which 6,144 tons, valued
.as produced.
........,,.. .
' The excessive prices of the early part of 1916y,wh
93.50 per unit was reached, and the high priceaToUo
. great number of men to operate known tungsten"
feould not be worked profitably at the prices prevail
' ies and to prospect for new deposits. It also, ijause
_ the output of properties already in operation. kvPri
til through that year, though low when compared wi^
(pint. By 1917 operations on many of the smaller ip
teased, but on deposits on which machinery had-been
~hich had been proved to carry more tungsten-bea
npetus received in 1916 carried production, on/fttjv
practically all fields gave a lower production except,i
pelds of California, Colorado, and South .Dakota, 'pnd
increase sufficient to overcome the,decreasei in;.th.e
PRODUCTION...... ,.(1'y 'I';,
f The production of tungsten ores in the United 'Sta
pas been as shown in the table below; the productio
hn<*ibl-
" r.U`'^S
Concentrated tungsten ores produced in the United Statef,y ib
j
Year.
,
Quantity (short tons).
1901......................................... 1902......................................... m.........................................
o$......................................... 1906......................................... 1907......................................... 1908..................................... -
46 179 184 292
803
1.640 671
Value. -
111,040 27,720 34,040 43,639
268,676 890!048 229,986
. Year.
Q (s
<
1909....................................a/. 1910......................................... I1911..................................... ai 1912.................................. . *5
1914.....................
1916...,......................... W<. 1917............. -V-V^vf
l The production of tungsten ores In this coimtiry from year to year, feieftps fed iw
ed in this table only since and beginning with *1006, as before that datexiott
s to s common basis of concentration. P<or the five years^lMl to
ibly carried allttle more than60 per cent ofW6*. Since 1906 the ores havebeA. i
o an equivalent of ore carrying do per cent of tungsten trioxido (W0)> .wniclyS;
basis In the United states.
'. '