Document 7M8KNRxMBBrOM1YKBa8OpYo58

White Lead is one of the cost opaque White pignents in eoamon uao whercever White pigment of dense covering quality is required. Osei chiefly for Outside House Paints. It is indispensable in beat quality paints used for this purpose. Basic White Lead Carbonate was used by the ancients) was called Cerueoe, a natural mineral carbonate of lead found la small quantities in Europe. White Load it markstad for House Painting, ground in Oil 91$ LonJ - 9;i 0i!| or 87$ Lead, 11$ Oil and 2$ Turpentine es e eoft peste. Much of ouch Lead in Oil is made by passing the net pulp lead directly frotr. the washing tuba j into a pulper end mixing with oil by a.procase which forces the water out, thus 1 avoiding drying and grinding expense. i S Old Dutch Process discovered by Stratingh about 1600 k.D. Patented in j England, in 1622. Made first by Shcrwin-Williama Co. at Chicago in 1010. Uotullic' J Lead in ahapa of dlaca or buckles 6" in diameter placed in pots containing weak ^ acetic acid in recessed'bottom', piled up in stccka1,j pota covered with tanbarki remain in 'stack*-120 days) carbonic acid generated from tsnbsrk end add vapors corrode the metal into basic lead carbonate with chemical gain of about 25$. Corroded pigment is washed, purified to separate uncorroded lead particles) dried and ground into a dry powder ,for use by paint manufacturers. Quick Process Lead firnt developed ms chamber process by Sir James Creed, England in 1849. Carter process patented in 1839. S-W began manufacture of Carter process at Chicago lh l921. , ^ lead melted, atomised, placed in large . cylinder treated with .<llluted|acetic mold and carbonic acid gaa. Process requires sight days and chemicalgain'Ia 25$.: - Generally whiter and lighter specific gravity tban Old Dutch. j., ----- --------------- + .... ... . ............................ 1 ... Electrolytic ^Process "Anaconda" - patented in 1919 - load plates as anodes . suspended in solution of sodium acctcte-cathodes iron p.'ates suspended in solution of sodiuw carbonate. . Precipitated Euston Lead it made by treating a basic lead acetate solu tion with carbon dioxide gas. The process is readily controlled at ell stage* end results in carbonate of-greeter uniformity, fineness, and generally whiter then other methods. Lesd Sulphate, basin.or sublimed lead, was patented by Lewis in 1379. Lead ore mixed with powdered anthracite coal reduced and volatilised in a closed furnace) fumes are condensed and collected in fabric bags. Very similar in general quali ties and uss to lead carbonate except that it is less poisonous and more resistant to blackening action from sulphurous gases. Sublimed Blue Lead produced in much the same wsy aa lead sulphate; is . practically inert in linseed oil) not affected by sulphuric gasea; occupies a place among rust inhibitors. 0007-SWP-000007368 Zinc Oxide discovered by Curtois in Franco in 1782:. LeCluir in-1845 found method to use it for oil pelat*. French process - vapors given off froa burning nine metal in current of air) fuma* condensed and powders collected in closed chanhc-ra. Userlean process - Wetherill patent in 1856. Zinc ore burned with powdered anthracite re duced and volatilized in closed furnace| funes condensed end powder collected in bis. Zina oxide very white color) French process generally whiter then inertcan. Degrees of whiteness expressed as Red Seal, Green Seal, White Seel, or DSP - the whitest grade. Both American and French process sine oxides not affected by ataocpheric gases. Zinc oxide used in house paints in combination with whits lead to counteract tho ehmUrtng tendency of lead. Used largely in enanels and in the rubber industry as an oxidising agent. Leaded zinca first Manufactured at Sherrin-Willians Company at Coffeyvillo in 1*04. Produced Iron ores of zinc sod lead sulphide. They are nixed uitli powdered anthra cite and reduced and volatilised in closed furnace) fuaes pass through condenser) powders oollsetsd in begs. Proportions of lesd sulphate range froa 5?, 10?, 20%, 55? and 50?, balance of sine oxide. Whiteness of color generally inferior to zinc oxide. Chief use as ingredient for exterior house paints. Zinc Sulphide aade -by passing hydrogen sulphide gas through solution of zinc sul phide. Has good opacity) very fine, color) used coaaonly in enanels, lacquers end slallar products, requiring dense covering ampacity. Titanium Plgncntsi First attenpt to use it as plgacnt was credited to J. W. Byland in England 1868. . Not developed definitely as whito pigment until by Dr. Rossi ol' Titoniun Alloy Company, Niagara Tails, In 1808. For a tine materiel was nede: froa Florida sends, but now primary source.is XLloenlts, a alncral found in India,chi.efly 47? Iron,' 65? Titanium Dioxide. Chemical treataent removes iron and pure Ti.02 re mains. Titanium Dioxida has very dense covering - very opaque. Shows tome tendency to chalk. - This la being ovcrooaa through treataent with phthalia anhydride. Reduced grades are marketed under.name ofTitanox B, 25? TiOS# 75? Barlua Sulphate, and Tltanox C) 25?Ti02) 75?Calciu Sulphate. Titanium pigments art all extremely 'fine) brillisntly whlte, incrt to all'paint, varnish and lacquer ingradlonta. Chief use for outside house paint, enaaels, lacquers, rubber, sad coated paper* . .War con ditions asking it difficult to import ore' from India, a deposit in the Adirondack fountains has been developed, asking the Q. S. practically independent froa importa tions. Lithopone patented in England In 1874 as Orr's Whits. First manufactured by Sherwin-Williams.Co.Chicago 1917, end Coffeyville plant established In 1951. Zinc Sulphide precipitated with fieriua Sulphate) chemical changes result in composition about SO? Zinc Sulphate and 70? Beriua Sulphide. There ere other fores - Calcium Lithopone, Titaniua Lithopone, end high strength Lithopone. Consumption now ex ceeds all other white pigments. Chief use is for interior flat well paints) is largely used for shade cloth, linoleua, whito rubber, paper costing, and printing inks. - : Inert or Reinforcing Pigments of many varieties are used in point industry, most important of which are Beriua Sulphate (Berytes)) Uagneslua Silicate (Asbestine)) Silica (SIlex)) Alumina (Chins Cloy) end Calcium Carbonate (Whiting)* Barries is made by grinding ore (found chiefly in Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, West Virginia and North Caroline)) then removing impurities in en sold bath, washing and bolting the powder. It is chemically stable) use chiefly to dilute high colored or expensive pigments. 0007-SWP-000007369 Asbestine - Magnesium Silicate rock is ground, purified, end bolted or air-floated. Deed in moderate proportion. It Is fluffy end this keeps it in suspension paints* Silica Hock is crushed, ground, purified and bolted or dr-floeted. Used largely in fillers and is s flattening agent in wall coatings and traffic line paints. China Cler Alumina Rock is crushed, ground, washed, and fleeted. Very Inexpensive, used in freight car paints and other low-priced peinte. Whiting - Calciua Carbonate froa the chalk cliffs of the esst coast of England is the bsst source. Ground, washed, floated in water, end dried. Chief use is in putty and aa an extender for sxpeneive pigments. . Earth Colors cone down to us froa ancient tiaea. Are colored slnerals or natural deposits utilised aa pigaants after grinding and purifying. Iron Oxide. Bed, Brown or Purple used chiefly for freight car paints, roof paints, barn and bouae paints, eta. Vary in color froa Light Venetian Red to Gurk Brown or Beep Maroon. Ochres are Xellow Iron Oxide used chiefly in yellow freight car and barn '-paints. Slsnaa used chiefly for tinting paints and enesols. Raw ligut neutral yellow producing ivory and ten tints. Burnt rich reddish hroen color used for tint ing endstains. Baber chiefly used as tinting pigment, rawf a dark brown with tinge, of green or olive. Burnt, warm, dark brown tint. : Red Lead and Orange Mineral era lesd oxides foraed by oxidising lead exposed to low ' heat in a gas furnace} used chiefly as coating for aetal surfaces. Black in the fora of soot froa fires is perhaps the earliest pignent known. Leap Black wads by Chinese froa tlae iaaaorial by burning oil in laapa with insufficient air supply. Carbon Black Bade froa gas first in this country in 1361. Ivorr. Bone or Vine Blacks Bade froa burning cuttings in closed retorts, grinding and refining the chirred residue. Laapapd Carbon Blacks are practically pure carbon) have a very lov specific gravity) oil absorption and tinting strength very high) chiefly used for paints, enamels, lacquers, printing inks, and rubber. Pry Colors first asde by Sherwin-Williams Company st Cleveland in 1036. Moved to Cnlcego for ouch larger plant in 1903. Prussian. Chinese or Iron Blue first discovered by Diesbach in Berlin in 1710. Sher*in-Willieas first connection with dry colors through Leeis Berger & Sons, Ltd. who began manufacture of Prussian Blus in London in 1760. Prussian Elu It made 0007-SWP-000007370 br * precipitating of a solution of soluble iron salt situ s solution of pot&sslua or sodium fsrrocysnide and subsequent oxidation.of the precipitate. The principle uses sre for points, enamels, lacquers, printing inks, ond oosted papers. Solfcet Blues srs node both tungststsd end nonptungsteted types. Uss excellent tinting strength, brilliant color, personencs ond fset to light. Bon-tungstated recently introduced in Inglsnd as Honsstrsl Blue or Hellogon in Germany, is the host outstanding addition to color manufacture in the pest century. Alkali Blue used by printing aanufsotursre for toning up blacks and certain blue inks. Victoria Blue tungststsd blue dyej eery brilliant sod stable to alkali. 71olt--Pgfn<fnt Methvl Violet precipitated dyestuff with phospbo-tungetle acid} used for printing inks. Ultramarine Blue first wade by Christian Qusalln at Paris in 1828. Made by futing together alumina, sodium sulphato, sodium carbonate, sulphide, coal, etc. Peed in painta, snamels, lacquers, printing inks, costad papars, etc* Chroae Tallows - firet developed about 1800. Mods by precipitating solution of load salt with soluble lead chromate. Is very permanent and rust inhlbitive. Chief use la for paint, snamels, lacquers, printing inks, paper coatings, end floor cover ings. Zinc iellow is mads by using sine instead of a lead base. Very olean and sharp oolor. - Chief use is for printing ink and metal primer for ships and airplanes. Pereasea Tallow made by coupling meta nitro para tolnldina with aceto acetanilide. Superior to chrome or sine yelloea in permanence and throe or four times its tinctorial strength, end wery resistant to acid end alkali.; Chrome Preen first made In francs in 1828 by s combination of specially prepared Prussian Blues with Chrome Iellow. There ere two general types} acetate mede with acetic acid end nitrate mods with nitric acid in the yellows that they contain. Chief use le for house paints, anamals, lacquers, printing inks, floor coverings, etc. Chrome Oxide Preens are very permanent and used where moat permanent green color is required. Solfast Green Toners -- basic dyestuff cede with phospho-tungatic acid. Very brilliant in color with high tinctorial strength and good permanence. Organic Bede - Use aniline dye, discovered by Sir William H. Perkin, who, in England in 1885, made s mauve dye used to dy# silk for s dress for Queen Victoria. For this he was knighted. from this disoovery has followed a very wide range of many colors mads by most complicated chemical processes. Para Rede are a precipitated solution of dlasotlasd pairs nitranillne by bate naphthol. The light pore is produced by coupling pore nitranillne with bote naphthol. The dork is produced by replacing 101 of tho beta naphthol with mono acid. These reds have good permanence to light and excellent covering power. Are need in noderato priced red enamels, etc., but the use is restricted in lacquers on account of the . bleeding tendency* 0007-SWP-000007371 kMHMd&nOmki ,!.CX, -s- Toluldlae Red is produced by coupling nets niiro pern toluidine with beta naphthol. It is lighter end brighter then para) very fas to light and opaque. Does not bleed in paint vehicles but bleeds badly in lacquer solvents. Used in the beet grade enamels end printing inks requiring permanence end bright reds. Orenhio Bed - ShareIn-Williams trade nerk for Lithol Red - la the result of coupling Tobias acid and beta nephthol. Various shades are produced by forming different net&lllc salts. Color is bright and clean) fairly permanent. Ron-bla;dlng in oil. Chief use is in printing inks and also valuable for enamels. Lake Red C - color specially suitable for printing ink) clean end bright end fast to light) nan-bleeding In oil and mater. Personas Red is made by coupling ortho-chlor-pars-nitraniline with beta naphtbol. Res excellent fastness to light. Does not bleed in paint vehicles but does bleed in synthetic vehicles containing coal tar solvents. Bnbanex Reds or Lithol Albina have excellent fastness to light and are very bright in oolor. Used chiefly for printing ink*) also for paint and enamels requiring perma nence sad non-bleeding qualities. Solfast Toners represent a new line of colors - brilliant, fast to light, and nonblssding. Comprise teo groups -- She Solfsst Reds and Pinks end Tungstated Rhodasine Rads. Karoon Toners represent a group of CP organic pigments) non-bleeding, fairly resistant to light)- beautiful rich tones suitable for laequora, end paints end enamels. Permanent Orange Toners represent orange orgsnle colors made by coupling ortho nitrenilin* with beta nephthol. Vary permanent is color) quite opaque, bleed slightly in mater and oil. i 0007-SWP-000007372