Document 7M3G5EErMy29n58vQnMrQBkZE

ivnVo Pa ,Ik3 LivILd. oJ; (tsM U\ T<_"1` t- ^ l ' i'xc') C1TCCT or PICTARY fOLYCm.3*lX*Tl> siPi:sirr on GROWTH ARO REPRODUCTION OP MUJK I. K. Kln|r( R. j. Aulcrleh nd . gablk Deportments of poultry Selene* and Entomology Michigan State University Scat Lansing. Michigan 46621 - ^<u0 t_ /<-(q 4 sM' - 1 Q-/tl_ AlT~ The Croat Lakes have played a proainant role in the development of the mink indue cry in nearhy states * these lakes fun\UM the rancher with an inexpensive and abundant aupply of flail deemed deeireble for Ink feed. During the Middle 1960s. reports from mink ranchers tracing chat reduced reproduction vn e consequence of feeding Crtnc Lakes flah were sailed to the attention of university researchers (lUrtaaugh, 1965). Coho salmon taken fro* the tributaries of Lake Michigan during the spawn*. Inf run in 1967 were made available to commercial ranchers as lood tor mink and resulted In a precipitous increase in newborn mink (kit) mor tality. The extant of siortallcy appeared as a time-dosage response to coho salmon in the diet. Adult breeders were reported to be unaffected. Rsn- * eldiey, ehloriaatod hydrocarbon peeticLde contamination and mercury poi soning were each prominent suspecee *s the causative agent responsible for the Mgh kit mortality, loccuse of tho disastrous effect of feeding coho salmon, mink ranchers discontinued .use of Great Lakes fish ia mink diet*. ., * * . In 1969 our laboratory confirmed the mink Industry's observation chat Lake Michigan coho salmon, when fad to brooder mink, resulted in . either total cassation of mink reproduction (embryo toxicity) or kit . mortality, the degree of eomplieatloo being dependent upon the percentage coho salmon fed end the duration of feeding (Aulcrlch ef cl.. 1971). Coho salmon oer se were not implicated since vest coast' coJio salmon yielded totally acceptable reproductive parameters, fubssqucnc reproduction studios yielded data indicating that the cavssciva egenc(d) was not confined solely to tho salmon from Lake Michigan, but vee apparently present, al though to a lessor extent, la othor fish from the Groat Lakes (Aulcrlch at el., 1971). * Rancidity and mercury contamination data for tho various fish d.ld pot eerrelsts with mink toxicity data and each was discounted as s con tributor to the problem; hoyever, hydrocarbon pesticide contamination - (total DDT and isomera or dleldrln) of the fish fed wee inversely pro portional to number of mink offspring born per female. -This relation- ' ship appears spurious and may reflect, in part, the 1st content of the . flah. reading either DDT end isomers or dleldrln in levels far ia ex cise cf that found analytically in the fish' felled to simulate the affect an mink of feeding diets containing coho salmon (Aulcrlch and Ringer, 1970: Aulcrlch ct el.. 1971). .' . This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pblyehlorinatad biphenyls, known to contaminstv Lake Michigan and Us fish, on growth and 'reproduction of raneh mink. ' GNS 066503 ,l S ' -150* .. MATERIALS AMD METHODS thU study cemiiui of ihr<i feeding trial* encompassing - polychlorinated biphenyls .(PCS) supplementation to *lnk. Kl eupple* acntitlM vat by lMrpr(lnt the Awlor into a cereal grain prentx ,id then into the dltt. The im hotel (control) diet, ekeept specified, vo* led in *U MpctiMBt*. The diet composition ve* cereal, 1ST; tripe, 10X; heel liver, 5%j hoxaeneec, 1ST; chicken, 151; and ft*h. 301. Standard ranch procedure* el animal care and breeding were uaed throughout the .course oC the experiments. 1_ ' RESULTS Experiment X . A total ol A3 oink von divided into 3 group* (12 females and 3 Mlaa per dietary treatment group). The treatments vet* a haaal d*.ot ' . containing ocean fish, auheettution ol coho salmon lor the ocean lleh. and the heoal diet aupplenonted with 10 ppm each of Aroolora 1242, 124S, and 1234 /* . " ... . Ho iMle alok receiving dietary coho aalnon here young (whelped) nor did thoeo receiving 30 ppn PCS supplementation (Table 1), All*adult ink led aupplenencel PCS'* died by the end ol the normal whelping period. Thee* lonalee, on PCl*e, chat survived aullUlent tine to produce oflcprlng hewed no eign* ol vholping. Six nink fed ephe aalnon died during the txporlnantal period ol January 1 to June 30. do odult control nink died, . Table 1 *. Clleet ol Dietary PCD Supplementation^ oa Reproduction ' . of Ranch Mink (January l to Juno 30) ' ~ rnoici female* Rita 010" :------------------------------------------- Ht2$_____ *!*125*____ Alive..,(lead Rica .alive ( 4 wk. ) ; Ratal (control) '301 coho aalnon Ratal 30 ppn PCD'* 12 12 U<2> 11 0. 0 35 0 0 }9 0' 0 2* 0 0 (1) 16 ppm aach of Aroclora i242. i2*8, and 1234. (2) One fonalo died prior to the noting acaaen. ' ... ** Tittoe analyala lor PCI rcalduaa Iren aeveral nink that diad while on experimentation are ahown In Table 2. control nink were eaerifUed ior tiatue analyala. The Inilaricy in the tiaaue residue* ol the PCI ' Aroelot? la the trade name ol polychlorinated biphenyl* by Monsanto Company, St. Lout*, Mo. . MQNS 066504 151- tr<UMBt and the coho treatment croup U itiiking. Ors*" vilghti taprtutl M * percentage of train weight fro.** these sink that diet) and Iran sacri ficed controls wm not significantly different (r > 0.05). . ' Table 1 . *` . ' KB Tissue Residues (In ppm) of Kink that Died While Receiving Dietary Coho 5a Ison or Supplemental KB'eM end Irea Sacrificed \ Controls Clean * S.S.) Basal (control) 301 coho salmon Basal + 30 ppm KB's Ke. mink 4, 3' 12 . Brain . <0.01 11.07 * 0.7B 11.00 + 1.43 . Llvor ' < er.oi 3.21 + 1.66 * 4,11 + 0.58 -Kidney < 0.01 6.37 + 0.25 4.47 + 0.42 Spleen < 0.01 6.19 + 0.09 4.79 + 0.39 bung < 0.01 5.15 + 0.22 4.70 + 0.53 Muscle < 0.01 4.73 + i.BO 4.00 + 0.54 ' . Heart < 0.01 2.64 +1.21 3.26 + 0.49 ; <i) 10 ppm each .of Aroelors 1242, 1249, end 12*4. gnperlmeot II -. Thirty-five nink were divided Into five troupe of lit females end one mala per group. Dietary treatments were ioieiated on August 25 to measure growth rata of young, growing mink and will continue until June 50 when the reproductive phase is complota. Treatments consisted of a basal diet with ocean fish, besel plus 5 ppm Aroclor 1254, basal plus 10 ppm Aroelor 1254, bssal plus. 10 ppm Aroelor 1254 and 10 ppm DDT, and basal plus 10 ppm Aroelor * 1254 end 0.5 ppm dleldrln. ^ * <. . Results of body weight gains for the growth phase from August 25 to . December 22 are shown in Table 5. Results for the reproduction phase are . included in Tibia 4. . . .; HONS 066505 -152* Table 5 of Aroelor 1154, Alone or In Coobination with Piitleldci, n body Weight C*lm of rdmele Hink DUterv treatment Mo. Kink Initial body we. <S) tody weight gain (gm) t (,C. from initial vt. " ,>IT. 241 (Oct.*25) 3 mo. (Mow. 25) 4 mo. (Dee. 221 Pare! diet (Ml ocean (iiti U; control) ( 1020 43 4 17.4 203 + 25.4 187 4 44.2 210 + M.l foeal diet plus 5 ppm IC5<1> 4 040 42 22.4 153 4 44.2 134 4 42.7 124 4 43.7 -tiMl diet plus 10 ppm . ret t 925 43 4 20.4 144 + 32.0 132 + 24.3 * + 35.1* loeel -diet plu* 10 ppm PCI end 10 ppm POT 1 1052 . 43 4 14.5 14.4** 24 4 21.5** -13 4 35.4** teoel diet plot 10 ppm Kt end 0.5 ppm . dlcldrle 4 940 104 + 25.1 133 + 24.7 115 14.9 57 4 24.4** 0) Aroelor 125*. . *5tgnlficencl/ different (P < 0.05) frto eoocrole. *tlgnlfice*cly different (f <0.01) fro* eoocrole. ,, ' "* . . ' . .. toblo * * Cffeet of Aroelor 1254, Pod Alone or In Combination with feeticldoe, on Mortality .end Reproduce fen of Mink (Avg. 25 to Key 10) (4 female* and 1 mele/group) female* Fee*lea kite born Kite/fcmele X mortality live whel.ted Alive Deed eltve Control , S ppm FCB(lJ 10 ppm Kt ' 10 ppm K4 4 10 ppm DDT 10 ppm Kt 4 0.5 ppm dieldrin ' 14 * 29 71 43 100 5 * 3 17 4 5.0 4' * 0 00 0 1 0 0 0 0 ' 4 0 0 0 o .. 0 0 00 0 (1) AracUc 1254. HONS 066506 -15V Data fro* (hl< ncpfriMM <enm)iru that 10 ppa Aroelor 1254 ds- * pressed growth gains, when, fetl continuously to growing Mink. A dose-response curve for data on 0, 5 and 10 p?o Aroelor 1254 ac 4 months imumac yielded a regression equation *f i* 20M - 107.4X where X In (^|5+ 1), Thle recruilOA <tMtlen |1vh a significant foi*reipeut (7 < .>).' / .. i * All Kink fed PCP supplemented dteec failed to produce offspring.' Thoae brooders that died 4urli>c the gestation period exhibited various degreea of embryo toxicity when the uterus'was opened for examination. Experiment 111 * r One hundred twenty-eight stink were divided into eight groups of twelve female* and four.males per group to evaluate the effect of Aroelor 1254 on reproduction. The dietary treatments were initiated on January L and will continue until June 30. Included in tha treatments (Table 5) was a group given 5 ppm Aroelor 1254 plus 4 pip DOT and 0.2 ppm dtoldrin. These levels approximate that residue walpee found la diata whore 30 percent raw Lake - Michigan coho aalnon ceniel-tutad the fish perries* of the diet. Cooked coho saloon (130* C at 1.05 kg/sc cm for 30 min) was included to coat for the heat stability of the facter(a) ceuaing Cha reproductive problem. . - * * . Table 5. ,* Efface of Aroelor 1254 Fod Singly and in Conbination wirii Hydrocarbon on hepreduccivo Parameters (Jon. I to May 10) (12 - females and 4 malee/group) * ! * Cootrol (ocean fish) - gev coho eelmon Cooked coho aalnon 1 ppm TCP'*' 5 ppm PCP . 15 ppm PCI- S ppm PCP + 4 ppm DPT 9 ppm PCP 4 ppm DPT 0.2 ppm dialdrln . 4 IP 4 4* 0 31 0 ' Females Femelee Kite born Kits/fcmele olive . wheloed Alive Dead alive ' 11 11 12 10 12 * 12 11 0 0 $ 3 .0 4 54 0 0 35 3 0 5 10 4.0 00 00 $ 4.3 4 0.P 0 0 4 0.9 10 5 13 7 2.2 (1) Aroelor 1254. * One female escaped. . * *j pata in Table 5 indicate that 5 ppm Aroelor 1254 markedly reduced reproduction when fed only 4 months, 1 ppm Aroelor 1234 caused only alight reduction end 15 ppm TCP totally inhibited reproduction. The faetor(s) ' preeent in Lake Michigan coho eelmon waa heat atable And duplication, in / . `. HONS 06650? -15U- _. >. .' . y.\ , t ' , ' ' ptrt, of itveril (Mttm known tw be pretone in the itlion did hot totally * . reproduce tb# coho saloon effect. * . The* results of these experiments clearly point* ogc the sensitivity * of Dink to polychlorinated kipncnylt and c*c suspicion on Kl' * possible fsetor Involved In the poor reproduction following Lake Michigan coho . aaloon leading. - f LlTEkATlOlE CITED ' .* Aularich, R, J. and A. I. ginger, 1470. tone effects of chlorinated hydro . carbon pesticides on oink. amc. fur Breeder 43$ 10. * - Aularich. g. K. ginger. H. L. Saagran and W. C. Youatc, 1971. Effect of feeding coho saloon and other Creec Lakes fish on oink raproduc- * . cion. Can. J. tool. 49s <11-416. ( . Martsough, C. g*., 1943. Croat Lakes flab now suspect es oink food. Aoer. * Fur Breeder 38: 23. , . ~ V 0AS 066508