Document 7M1ZGOoYy1mOOaBvvaqmY4va

PINAL REPORT ON INSBCTICIDES - SPECIAL PR0BLEH3 (March 1, 1955 - April 15, 195A) JOB NO. 117-25*2 Monsanto Chemical Company Organic Chemicals Division St. Louis Research Department Date: April 1*. 195* Work done by: W. E. Spring P. P. Wallace Work reported by: P. t. Wallace 0690205 HARTOLDMON0005062 Fourteen copies of the Final Report, INSECTICIDE SPECIAL PROBLEMS, Job Ho. 117-8542, March 1, 1953 to April 15, 1954, by Philip P. Wallace, have been dis tributed as follows: 1. Pile 2. Dr. 0. P. Ludvlk 3. Mr. H. K. Nason 4. Duplicate Pile 5. Safe Deposit Box 6. Dr. 0. DeOarno 7. Nltro Library 8. Nltro Library 9 Dayton Library 10. Dayton Library 11. Dr. L. V. Sherwood 12. Extra 13. Extra 14. Extra This report contains confidential information which Is the property of the Monsanto Chemical Company and which shall be disclosed only to duly authorized persons. The recipient Is held accountable for the filing and safe custody of the report, which must be returned on demand. 0690206 HARTOLDMON0005063 lAfiiS 2E SflfilSJilA mtmsnWi.......................................................................... 30MMARY................................................................................. gXPERIHBMTAL WORK AMD DISCUSSION.................................... Arocloc 5460-Parathlon Laboratory Teats............. Aroclor 5460-Parathlon Duat.................................... gleld Hgt-ftata - Aroclor Lindane Spray Forauiatlona............................................................. Reaulta..................................................................................... RECOHMEMDATIOHS.............................................................................. Page # 4 4 4 5 6 7 g 0690207 HARTOLDMON0005064 IHTRQWCT.KN Certain problems whloh can only be aolved by biological testa ooour periodically. It Is generally cheaper and more accurate to assay pest control ohemlcals by chemical means but In some Instances It le Impossible to make the required determinations exoept by use of blologloal procedures. The evaluation of eomblnatlona of lindane with Aroclors, the testing of the combination pesticide formulations and the eval uation of parathlon formulations made by Bayer Company of Leverkeuaen are reported here. SUMMARY Aroclors 1248, 1254, and 5460, were formulated with lindane In equal proportions to form an emulslflable concentrate. Parathlon was formulated with Aroclor 5460 as a dusting powder. These preparations have been evaluated against various species of Insects In the greenhouse and In replicated field plots. In no case did the addition of any of the Aroclors tested enhance the activity or the length of the period of residual effectiveness of lindane or parathlon. Acetone solutions of Aroclor 5460 + parathlon sprayed on glass plates depressed the activity of parathlon. In testing the combination pesticides the following points were confirmed: 1. Ovatran, jj-chlorophenyl E-chlorobenzene sulfonate. Is too toxic for use on many garden plants. 2. Sulfur at more than ten per-cent of the formulation Injures cucurbits and some other tender plants under some weather conditions. J. Technical DDT Is decidedly phytotoxic to some cucurbits and to young tomatoes. 4. Pesticide #4 was the most satisfactory formulation of those tested. Bayer E605 parathlon was found equal but not superior In Insecti cidal activity to the Monsanto technical product. EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND DISCUSSION Aroclor 5460-Parathlon Laboratory Tests In the first laboratory trials, Aroclor 5460 and parathlon. In the 0690208 HARTOLDMON0005065 5 ratio* l-l and 2-1, Mar* dissolved together in acetone and sprayed on petrl dishes at four dilutions. Sufficient applications were aade to allou for dlahea In triplicate at each concentration to be held for 0 hours (as soon as the acetone had volatilized), one Meek, tMo Meeks and four Meeks. Test lneeota, Trlbollun confuaum. that Mere exposed to the treated glaas surfaces about anhour after application were qulokly killed b7 Aroclor 5460 alone. At this time #5460 com pared favorably with parathlon In toxicity to the Insects. Seven days latert 1. The residue frost Aroclor 5460 alone gave no Indication of toxlolty. 2. The residue frost parathlon alone was highly toxic at 1-2600 dilution. 5. Farathlon-Aroclor 5460, 1-1 ratio, was about half as toxic aa parathlon alone. 4. Farathlon-Aroclor 5460, 1-2 ratio gave no Indications of residual toxicity. Two weeks later: 1, Parathlon alone was the only treatment m which toxicity to Trlbollum persisted. Four weeks later: 1. None of the treatments retained any apparent toxicity. It appears that Aroclor 5460 forms a hard protective surface coating with parathlon. Inhibiting its volatilization and pre venting the Insects from coming In contact with appreciable quan tities of parathlon. Aa the ratio of Aroclor 5460 to parathlon Is increased the toxicity of the residue Is reduced. From these observations, It appeared possible that the Aroclors might still possess a distinct advantage where the combinations were applied to plant foliage upon which Insects would feed and presumably Ingest the Inhibited parathlon along with the plant foliage, even though contact toxicity was reduced. Aroclor 4460-Paratnlon Dust To determine the effect of Aroclor-parathlon formulation on feeding insects, a dusting powder containing approximately one per-cent parathlon + one per-cent Aroclor 5460 on Pyrax A33 was prepared. 0690209 HARTOLDMON0005066 6 In memo 4-29-53, HLM to PPW, Hr. Morrill states that the parathlon and Aroolor sere dissolved In sufflolent acetone to sake a thick slurry with Pyrax ABB, After volatilising the acetone the dry powder was pulverized In a hasnerolll through an 0.75 (1/32") soreen. In the greenhouse, bean and cotton plants Mere dusted with this combination dust and with l.$ parathlon dust similarly prepared. Army worms were placed to feed on the cotton and Mexican bean beetle larvae on the beans. Teste were replicated. Insects exposed two hours after treatment were all dead on all tests within sixteen hours. At six and at eight days after treatment, mortality was Incom plete but there was no significant difference between the treat ments. Bean beetle larvae were much more susceptible to parathlon than were the Southern army worm larvae. Field Plot Tests . Aroclor Lindane Spray Pomiulations Three emulslflable Aroclor-Llndane formulations and a lindane emulsion alone were prepered by L. Goldman and H. L. Morrill. Xylene was used aa the solvent with Emulsifier L. Each contained one pound Lindane and one pound of the respective Aroclor per gallon. Aroclors #1248, 1254 and 5*60 were used. The concentrates contained 12.$ Lindane and 12.$ Aroclor by weight. Since Lindane preparations are recomnended at one pound of twentyfive per-cent gamma per one hundred gallons HeO (1-3332) the formulations were diluted 1 to 400 HjO (.12:400-1:3400). At this rate each was applied to ten plants each of young cabbage, egg plant and older cabbage. A few other compounds of Interest that were Included with these field plot trlalB are Included In the tabulation of results. Each plant was examined and records were taken at three Intervals after treatment, though only the moat significant observations are Included here. The cabbage plants either were Infested at the start or later became very generally infested with aphids, cabbage worms and thrlp3. The egg plant was heavily Infested with aphids, two species of weevils, lecebugs, tortoise beetles and mites. Due to closeness cf plants to the ground, the persistence of thrlps may have t:en due to Inadequate covering of the lower leaves. 0690210 HARTOLDMON0005067 7, Results X. Parathlon Spray, O.J#AOO gallons: Oood Initial control of all speclas; after fourtean days no control of any peats. 2. Parathlon-Aroolor 5460 Dust (l# of each)i Cooparable to the parathlon spray. 3. Parathlon Dust 1#: Coaparable to the parathlon spray. 4. CP 5815 - S-2(2-pyrldylethyl) 0,0-dlethyldlthlophosphate: Only a low degree of effectiveness even at the start; particularly poor against aphids. 5. DDT 1 lb/100 gallon: Ineffective against aphids, nltes, tortoise beetle and poor on thrlp control. Very persistent effectiveness on cabbage worna. 6. CP 3897 ur-vrc. Diethyl tetraoethyl dlamldo pyrophosphate, 1#/100 gallons: The control of all pests even at the start was surprisingly poor. Aphids were not satisfactorily controlled. 7. Rotenone Dust, 0.75#: Very good Initial Insect control except that aphids were not eliminated, slants had become heavily Infested with all the listed Insects fourteen days after treat ment. 8. Lindane Spray: Oood Initial Insect control except that aphids were hardly affected. No control after fourteen days. 9. Aroclor 1248-Llndane Spray: Did not differ significantly from Lindane. 10. Aroclor 1254-Llndane Spray: Did not differ significantly from Lindane. 0690211 HARTOLDMON0005068 8 11. Aroolor 5460-Llndane Spray t Did not differ significantly from Lindane. The composition of the pesticide formulations is tabulated) DDT Lindane Rotenone Ovatran Sulfur1 Captan Zlneb Mllmer 1* Santoturse 80 Sodium Citrate Dlsodlum Phosphate Attasorb Percent Composition (Active ln*rea<ilanS) 42 43 a 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 1.0 0.75 0.75 5.0 3.0 27.2 27.2 25.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 48.8 48.8 36.91 62.41 Palmetto dusting sulfur and Crater dusting sulfur Laboratory oempte containing no free Cu++ Since the pestlcldal activity of the Ingredients Is well known It was considered that application to plants growing In the field with observations of phytotoxiclty would be adequate. The proper dosage of the formulation m water spray was calculated on the basis of one pound of technical DDT per 100 gallons of water. Plants sprayed were tomato, summer squash, and broccoli. Both sprays caused severe Injury to tomato and squash and slight burn on broccoli. To segregate the Ingredient that was causing phytotoxiclty. Hr. Morrill prepared the following four mixtures which were again applied at the seme rate as above to field-growing tomatoes, cucumber, and string beans (24 grams/gallon): 1. Attasorb (the carrier-diluent) caused no Injury to any of the plants. 2. Attasorb 90# - Wetting agent 1058: caused a trace of Injury only to the new growth of tomato. It was Inconsequential. J. Attasorb 6558 - Wetting agent 1058 - Sulfur 25^: slight Injury to the new growth and blossoms of tomato only. 0690212 HARTOLDMON0005069 4. Attasorbi&nf - Vattlng Agent 10% - Ovatran jjft severe Injury to foliage find'blossoas of toaato, trace of injury to eucuaber and to beans. The damage to tomato was prohibitive. It Is widely recognised that sulfur Is Injurious to tender plants under high teaperature conditions, such as occurred In these tests, In spite of the faot that sulfur Is often used In one-shot garden preparations. Ovat.'an Is used with caution even on hardy shrubs and trees, although It does appear that one application during the season night be safe on some crops. Although OCT Is the baslo lnseotlclde In noet garden sprays It has often damaged oucuabers, melons end related plants with exoesslve dosage or repeated application. It should be included because OCT Is so vary effective but a warning should appear on the label. Ovatran la not safe; a mltlclde may not be Imperative. Sul fur could better be osiltted, using a fungicide such as Zn ethylenebls dlthlocarbamate. Rotenone would be the Indicated control for aphids. It Is also a good treatment for bean beetles which DDT does not control. These are both e :trc^ely Important pests. Pesticide formulation No. 4 caused little or no foliage Injury and was Judged the best of the preparations. Bayer E605 parathlon was evaluated by the conventional laboratory procedure of exposing Trlbollum beetles to dried spray residues on glass In triplicate at five concentrations. Activity of this product was comparable to Nlran. RECOMMENDATIONS An exhaustive study of Aroclor combinations with various agricultural chemicals Is Indicated. ya b-lb-S1* Philip P. Wallace 0690213 HARTOLDMON0005070